A predictive model for the spectral “bioalbedo” of snow

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface

Volumn 122, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 434-454

  Cook, J M ^a,b   Hodson, A J ^a,c   Taggart, A J ^a   Mernild, S H ^d,e,f   Tranter, M ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DERBY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY CENTRE IN SVALBARD   (Norway)

^d WESTERN NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Norway)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DE MAGALLANES   (Chile)

^f NANSEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND REMOTE SENSING CENTER   (Norway)

^g UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

albedo; biooptics; life detection; melt; radiative transfer; spectral reflectance

Indexed keywords

ALBEDO; MODELING; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SNOWMELT; SNOWPACK; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE;

AMMASSALIK ISLAND; ARCTIC; CALIFORNIA; GREENLAND; MITTIVAKKAT GLACIER; SIERRA COUNTY [CALIFORNIA]; UNITED STATES;

ALGAE;

EID: 85011636367     PISSN: 21699003     EISSN: 21699011     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2016JF003932     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Aoki, T., A. Hachikubo, and M. Hori (2003), Effects of snow physical parameters on shortwave broadband albedos, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 4616, doi:10.1029/2003JD003506.
2. Aoki, T., K. Kuchiki, M. Niwano, Y. Kodama, M. Hosaka, and T. Tanaka (2011), Physically based snow albedo model for calculating broadband albedos and the solar heating profile in snowpack for general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D11114, doi:10.1029/2010JD015507.
3. Aoki, T., K. Kuchiki, M. Niwano, S. Matoba, J. Uetake, K. Masuda, and H. Ishimoto (2013), Numerical simulation of spectral albedos of glacier surfaces covered with glacial microbes in northwestern Greenland, AIP Conf. Proc., 1531, 176, doi:10.1063/1.4804735.
4. Benning, L. G., A. M. Anesio, S. Lutz, and M. Tranter (2014), Biological impact on Greenland's albedo, Nat. Geosci., 7, 691, doi:10.1038/ngeo2260.
5. Bidigare, R. R., M. E. Ondrusek, J. H. Morrow, and D. A. Kiefer (1990), In vivo absorption properties of algal pigments, in Ocean Opt ~ cs X, Proc Soc. photo-opt. Instrum. Eng, vol. 1302, edited by R. W. Spinrad, pp. 90–302.
6. Bond, T. C., and R. W. Bergstrom (2006), Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40(27–67), 2006.
7. Brandt, R. E., S. G. Warren, and A. D. Clarke (2011), A controlled snowmaking experiment testing the relation between black carbon content and reduction of snow albedo, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D08109, doi:10.1029/2010JD015330.
8. Brock, B. W., and N. S. Arnold (2000), A spreadsheet-based (Microsoft Excel) point surface energy balance model for glacier and snow melt studies, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 25, 649–658, doi:10.1002/1096-9837(200006)25:6<649::AID-ESP97>3.0.CO;2-U.
9. Brun, E., E. Martin, V. Simon, C. Gendre, and C. Coleou (1989), An energy and mass model of snow cover suitable for operational avalanche forecasting, J. Glaciol., 35, 333–342.
10. Budyko, M. I. (1969), The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth, Tellus, 21, 611–619, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969.tb00466.x.
11. Cachier, H. (1997), Particulate and dissolved carbon in air and snow at the Summit site, in Transfer of Aerosols and Gases to Greenland Snow and Ice: Final Technical Report, pp. 21–27, Cedex, France.
12. Cachier, H., and M. H. Pertuisol (1994), Particulate carbon in Arctic ice, Anal. Mag., 22, M34–M37.
13. Chylek, P., B. Johnson, and P. A. Damiano (1995), Biomass burning record and black carbon in the GISP2 ice core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(2), 89–92, doi:10.1029/94GL02841.
14. Clarke, A. D., and K. J. Noone (1985), Soot in the Arctic snowpack: A cause for perturbations in radiative transfer, Atmos. Environ., 19, 2045–2053, doi:10.1016/0004-6981(85)90113-1.
15. Couradeau, E., U. Karaoz, H. C. Lim, U. Nunes da Rocha, T. Northern, E. Brodie, and F. Garcia-Pichel (2016), Bacteria increase arid-land soil surface temperature through the production of sunscreens, Nat. Commun., 7(10373), doi:10.1038/ncomms10373.
16. Dauchet, J., S. Blanco, J.-F. Cornet, and R. Fournier (2015), Calculation of radiative properties of photosynthetic microorganisms, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 161, 60–84.
17. Domine, F., R. Salvatori, L. Legagneux, R. Salzano, M. Fily, and R. Casacchia (2006), Correlation between the specific surface area and the short wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance of snow, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 46, 60–68.
18. Dove, A., J. Heldmann, C. McKay, and O. Toon (2012), Physics of a thick seasonal snowpack with possible implications for snow algae, Arctic, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 44(1), 36–49.
19. Edwards, H. G. M., L. F. C. de Oliveira, C. S. J. Cockell, C. Ellis-Evans, and D. D. Wynn-Williams (2004), Raman spectroscopy of senescing snow algae: Pigmentation changes in an Antarctic cold desert extremophile, Int. J. Astrobiol., 3, 125–129, doi:10.1017/S1473550404002034.
20. Flanner, M. G., and C. S. Zender (2006), Linking snowpack microphysics and albedo evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12208, doi:10.1029/2005JD006834.
21. Flanner, M. G., C. S. Zender, J. T. Randerson, and P. J. Rasch (2007), Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11202, doi:10.1029/2006JD008003.
22. Gallet, J.-C., F. Domine, C. S. Zender, and G. Picard (2009), Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm, The Cryosphere, 3, 167–182, doi:10.5194/tc-3-167-2009.
23. Gallet, J.-C., F. Domine, and M. Dumont (2014), Measuring the specific surface area of wet snow using 1310 nm reflectance, The Cryosphere, 8, 1139–1148, doi:10.5194/tc-8-1139-2014.
24. Gardner, A., and M. Sharp (2010), A review of snow and ice albedo and the development of a new physically based broadband albedo parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F01009, doi:10.1029/2009JF001444.
25. Goelles, T., C. E. Bøggild, and R. Greve (2015), Ice sheet mass loss caused by dust and black carbon accumulation, The Cryosphere, 9, 1845–1856, doi:10.5194/tc-9-1845-2015.
26. Grenfell, T. C., and S. G. Warren (1999), Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 104(31), 697–709.
27. Grenfell, T. C., S. P. Neshyba, and S. G. Warren (2005), Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 3. Hollow columns and plates, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17203, doi:10.1029/2005JD005811.
28. Hadley, O., and W. Kirchstetter (2012), Black-carbon reduction of snow albedo, Nat. Clim. Change, 2(437–440), 2012.
29. Hisakawa, N., S. D. Quistad, E. R. Hestler, D. Martynova, H. Maughan, E. Sala, M. V. Gavrilo, and F. Rowher (2015), Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic, Peer J, 3, e1491, doi:10.7717/peerj.1491.
30. Hodson, A., H. Paterson, K. Westwood, K. Cameron, and J. Laybourn-Parry (2013), A blue-ice ecosystem on the margins of the East Antarctic ice sheet, J. Glaciol., 59(214), 255–268.
31. Hoffer, A., A. Gelencser, P. Guyon, G. Kiss, O. Schmid, G. P. Frank, P. Artaxo, and M. O. Andreae (2006), Optical properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) in biomass-burning aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3563–3570.
32. Hoham, R. W., and B. Duval (2001), Microbial ecology of snow and freshwater ice with emphasis on snow algae, in Snow Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Snow-Covered Ecosystems, edited by H. G. Jones et al., pp. 168–228, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
33. Holzinger, A., M. C. Allen, and D. D. Deheyn (2016), Hyperspectral imaging of snow algae and green algae from aeroterrestrial habitats, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 162, 412–420, doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.001.
34. Irvine-Fynn, T. D. L., A. Edwards, S. Newton, H. Langford, S. M. Rassner, J. Telling, A. M. Anesio, and A. J. Hodson (2012), Microbial cell budgets of an Arctic glacier surface quantified using flow cytometry, Environ. Microbiol., 14(11), 2998–3012.
35. Jin, Z., T. P. Charlock, K. Rutledge, K. Stamnes, and Y. Wang (2006), Analytical solution of radiative transfer in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system with a rough surface, Appl. Optics, 45, 7443–7455.
36. Kandilian, R., E. Lee, and L. Pilon (2013), Radiation and optical properties of Nannochloropsis oculata grown under different irradiances and spectra, Bioresour. Technol., 137(2013), 63–73.
37. Kokhanovsky, A. A., and E. P. Zege (2004), Scattering optics of snow, Appl. Optics, 43, 1589–1602.
38. Langford, H., A. Hodson, S. Banwart, and C. Boggild (2010), The microstructure and biogeochemistry of Arctic cryoconite granules, Ann. Glaciol., 51(56), 87–94.
39. Laven, P. (2006), MiePlot. [Available at http://www.philiplaven.com/mieplot.htm.]
40. Lee, F., R.-L. Heng, and L. Pilon (2013), Spectral optical properties of selected photosynthetic microalgae producing biofuels, J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer, 114, 122–135, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.012.
41. Leya, T. (2004), Feldstudien und genetische Untersuchungen zur Kryophilie der Schneealgen Nordwestspitzbergens, Shaker, Aachen.
42. Li, Y., N. Scales, R. E. Blankenship, R. D. Willows, and M. Chen (2012), Extinction coefficient for red-shifted chlorophylls: Chlorophyll d and chlorophyll f, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1817, 1292–1298.
43. Libois, Q., G. Picard, J. France, L. Arnaud, M. Dumont, C. Carmagnola, and M. D. King (2013), Influence of grain shape on light penetration in snow, The Cryosphere, 7, 1803–1818, doi:10.5194/tc-7-1803-2013.
44. Lutz, S., A. M. Anesio, S. E. Jorge Villar, and L. G. Benning (2014), Variations of algal communities cause darkening of a Greenland glacier, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 89, 402–414, doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12351.
45. Lutz, S., A. M. Anesio, A. Edwards, and L. G. Benning (2015), Microbial diversity on Icelandic glaciers and ice caps, Front. Microbiol., 6(307), doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00307.
46. Matzl, M., and M. Schneebeli (2006), Measuring specific surface area of snow by near-infrared photography, J. Glaciol., 52, 558–564.
47. Minhas, A. K., P. Hodgson, C. J. Barrow, and A. Adholeya (2016), A review on the assessment of stress conditions for simultaneous production of microalgal lipids and carotenoids, Front. Microbiol., 7, 546, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00546.
48. Neshyba, S. P., T. C. Grenfell, and S. G. Warren (2003), Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 2. Hexagonal columns and plates, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D15), 4448, doi:10.1029/2002JD003302.
49. Nicodemus, F. F., J. C. Richmond, J. J. Hsia, I. W. Ginsberg, and T. Limperis (1977), Geometrical considerations and nomenclature for reflectance, U.S. Department of Commerce Nation al Bureau of Standards, Monograph 160, October 1977.
50. Nolin, A. W., and J. Dozier (2000), A hyperspectral method for remotely sensing the grain size of snow, Remote Sens. Environ., 74, 207–216, doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(00)00111-5.
51. Painter, T. H., and J. Dozier (2004), Measurements of the hemispherical-directional reflectance of snow at fine spectral and angular resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18115, doi:10.1029/2003JD004458.
52. Painter, T. H., B. Duval, and W. H. Thimas (2001), Detection and quantification of snow algae with an airborne imaging spectrometer, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67(11), 5267–5272, doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5267-5272.2001.
53. Painter, T. H., M. G. Flanner, G. Kaser, B. Marzeion, R. A. VanCuren, and W. Abdalati (2013), End of the Little Ice Age in the Alps forced by industrial black carbon, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 110(38), 15,216–15,221, doi:10.1073/pnas.1302570110.
54. Pottier, L., J. Pruvost, J. Deremetz, J.-F. Cornet, J. Legrand, and C. G. Dussap (2005), A fully predictive model for one-dimensional light attenuation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a torus photobioreactor, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 91, 569–582, doi:10.1002/bit.20475.
55. Quirantes, A., and S. Bernard (2004), Light scattering by marine algae: Two-layer spherical and non-spherical models, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer., 89, 311–321.
56. Remias, D., U. Lütz-Meindl, and C. Lütz (2005), Photosynthesis, pigments and ultrastructure of the alpine snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, Eur. J. Phycol., 40(3), 259–268, doi:10.1080/09670260500202148.
57. Remias, D., A. Albert, and C. Lutz (2010), Effects of realistically simulated, elevated UV irradiation on photosynthesis and pigment composition of the alpine snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis and the arctic soil alga Tetracystis sp. (Chlorophyceae), Photosynthetica, 48(2), 269–277.
58. Schaepman-Strubb, G., M. E. Schaepman, T. H. Painter, S. Dangel, and J. V. Martonchik (2006), Reflectance quantities in optical remote sensing – definitions and case studies, Remote Sens. Environ., 103, 27–42.
59. Slater, J. F., L. A. Currie, J. E. Dibb, and J. B. A. Benner (2002), Distinguishing the relative contribution of fossil fuel and biomass combustion aerosols deposited at Summit, Greenland through isotopic and molecular characterization of insoluble carbon, Atmos. Environ., 36, 4463–4477.
60. Stamnes, K., and J. J. Stamnes (2016), Radiative transfer in coupled environmental systems. Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH and co., Weinheim, Germany, 18 March 2016. ISBN: 978-3-527-41138-2.
61. Stibal, M., J. Elster, M. Sabacka, and K. Kastovska (2007), Seasonal and diel changes in photosynthetic activity of the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Chlorophycaea) from Svalbard determined by pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 59, 265–273.
62. Stramski, D., and A. Morel (1990), Optical properties of photosynthetic picoplankton in different physiological states as affected by growth irradiance, Deep Sea Res. Part A, 37(2), 245–266.
63. Stramski, D., and D. A. Kiefer (1991), Light scattering by microorganisms in the open ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 28, 343–383.
64. Stramski, D., E. Boss, D. Bogucki, and K. J. Voss (2004), The role of seawater constituents in light backscattering in the ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 61, 27–56.
65. Takeuchi, N., S. Kohshima, and K. Seko (2001), Structure, formation and darkening process of albedo-reducing material (cryoconite) on a Himalayan glacier: A granular algal mat growing on the glacier, Arctic, Antarct. Alp. Res., 33(2), 115–122.
66. Takeuchi, N., R. Dial, S. Kohshima, T. Segawa, and J. Uetake (2006), Spatial distribution and abundance of red snow algae on the Harding Icefield, Alaska derived from a satellite image, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21502, doi:10.1029/2006GL027819.
67. Thomas, W. H. (1972), Observations on snow algae in California, J. Phycol., 8(1), 1–9, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1972.tb03994.x.
68. Uličný, J. (1992), Lorenz-Mie light scattering in cellular biology, Gen. Physiol. Biophys., 11, 133–151.
69. Warren, S. G. (1982), Optical properties of snow, Rev. Geophys., 20(1), 67–89, doi:10.1029/RG020i001p00067.
70. Warren, S. G., and R. E. Brandt (2008), Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14220, doi:10.1029/2007JD009744.
71. Warren, S. G. (2013), Can black carbon in snow be detected by remote sensing?, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 779–786, doi:10.1029/2012JD018476.
72. Waterman, P. C. (1965), Matrix formulation of electromagnetic scattering, Proc. IEEE, 53, 805–812.
73. Wiscombe, W. J., and S. G. Warren (1980), A model for the spectral albedo of snow. I: Pure snow, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712–2733, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)0372.0.CO;2.
74. Xie, Y., P. Yang, B. C. Gao, and M. I. Mischchenko (2006), Effect of ice crystal shape and effective size on snow bidirectional reflectance, J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer, 100(1), 457–469, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.056.
75. Yamaguchi, S., H. Motoyoshi, T. Tanikawa, T. Aoki, M. Niwano, Y. Takeuchi, and Y. Endo (2014), Application of snow specific surface area measurement using an optical method based on near-infrared reflectance around 900-nm wavelength to wet snow zones in Japan, Bull. Glaciol. Res., 32, 55–64, doi:10.5331/bgr.32.55.
76. Zatko, M. C., and S. G. Warren (2015), East Antarctic sea ice in spring: Spectral albedo of snow, nilas, frost flowers and slush, and light absorbing impurities in snow, Ann. Glaciol., 56(69), 53–64, doi:10.3189/2015AoG69A574.
77. x emissions on the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3547–3567, doi:10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013.