메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1803-1818

Influence of grain shape on light penetration in snow

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBEDO; ENERGY BUDGET; IRRADIANCE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RAY TRACING; REFLECTANCE; SHORTWAVE RADIATION; SNOW; SOLAR RADIATION;

EID: 84890496772     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-7-1803-2013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (137)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0033793158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of snow physical parameters on spectral albedo and bidirectional reflectance of snow surface
    • doi:10.1029/1999JD901122
    • Aoki, T., Aoki, T., Fukabori, M., Hachikubo, A., Tachibana, Y., and Nishio, F.: Effects of snow physical parameters on spectral albedo and bidirectional reflectance of snow surface, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10219-10236, doi:10.1029/1999JD901122, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res , vol.105 , pp. 10219-10236
    • Aoki, T.1    Aoki, T.2    Fukabori, M.3    Hachikubo, A.4    Tachibana, Y.5    Nishio, F.6
  • 2
    • 79958780968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of vertical profiles of snow specific surface area with a 1 cm resolution using infrared reflectance: Instrument description and validation
    • doi:10.3189/002214311795306664
    • Arnaud, L., Picard, G., Champollion, N., Domine, F., Gallet, J., Lefebvre, E., Fily, M., and Barnola, J.: Measurement of vertical profiles of snow specific surface area with a 1 cm resolution using infrared reflectance: instrument description and validation, J. Glaciol., 57, 17-29, doi:10.3189/002214311795306664, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Glaciol , vol.57 , pp. 17-29
    • Arnaud, L.1    Picard, G.2    Champollion, N.3    Domine, F.4    Gallet, J.5    Lefebvre, E.6    Fily, M.7    Barnola, J.8
  • 3
    • 0037144795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightscattering properties of plate and column ice crystals generated in a laboratory cold chamber
    • doi:10.1364/AO.41.005792
    • Barkey, B., Bailey, M., Liou, K.-N., and Hallett, J.: Lightscattering properties of plate and column ice crystals generated in a laboratory cold chamber, Appl. Optics, 41, 5792-5796, doi:10.1364/AO.41.005792, 2002.
    • (2002) Appl. Optics , vol.41 , pp. 5792-5796
    • Barkey, B.1    Bailey, M.2    Liou, K.-N.3    Hallett, J.4
  • 4
    • 0000270702 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of multiple scattering on the distribution of solar radiation in snow and ice
    • Barkstrom, B. R.: Some effects of multiple scattering on the distribution of solar radiation in snow and ice, J. Glaciol., 11, 357-368, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972JGlac.11.357B, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Glaciol , vol.11 , pp. 357-368
    • Barkstrom, B.R.1
  • 6
    • 0012496839 scopus 로고
    • Colors of snow, frozen waterfalls, and icebergs
    • doi:10.1364/JOSA.73.001646
    • Bohren, C. F.: Colors of snow, frozen waterfalls, and icebergs, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 73, 1646-1652, doi:10.1364/JOSA.73.001646, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Opt. Soc. Am , vol.73 , pp. 1646-1652
    • Bohren, C.F.1
  • 7
    • 0022681147 scopus 로고
    • Applicability of effective-medium theories to problems of scattering and absorption by nonhomogeneous atmospheric particles
    • doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1986)043<0468:AOEMTT>2.0.CO;2
    • Bohren, C. F.: Applicability of effective-medium theories to problems of scattering and absorption by nonhomogeneous atmospheric particles, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 468-475, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1986)043<0468:AOEMTT>2.0.CO;2, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.43 , pp. 468-475
    • Bohren C., .F.1
  • 8
    • 0001600068 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the optical properties of snow
    • doi:10.1029/JC079i030p04527
    • Bohren, C. F. and Barkstrom, B. R.: Theory of the optical properties of snow, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4527-4535, doi:10.1029/JC079i030p04527, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Geophys. Res , vol.79 , pp. 4527-4535
    • Bohren, C.F.1    Barkstrom, B.R.2
  • 9
    • 33646400486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light absorption by carbonaceaous particles: An investigative review
    • doi:10.1080/02786820500421521
    • Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W.: Light absorption by carbonaceaous particles: an investigative review, Aerosol Science and Technology, 40, 27-67, doi:10.1080/02786820500421521, 2006.
    • (2006) Aerosol Science and Technology , vol.40 , pp. 27-67
    • Bond, T.C.1    Bergstrom, R.W.2
  • 10
    • 0027383091 scopus 로고
    • Solar-heating rates and temperature profiles in Antarctic snow and ice
    • Brandt, R. E. and Warren, S. G.: Solar-heating rates and temperature profiles in Antarctic snow and ice, J. Glaciol., 39, 99-110, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JGlac.39...99B, 1993. (Pubitemid 23383598)
    • (1993) Journal of Glaciology , vol.39 , Issue.131 , pp. 99-110
    • Brandt, R.E.1    Warren, S.G.2
  • 11
    • 0024830537 scopus 로고
    • An energy and mass model of snow cover suitable for operational avalanche forecasting
    • Brun, E., Martin, E., Simon, V., Gendre, C., and Coléou, C.: An energy and mass model of snow cover suitable for operational avalanche forecasting, J. Glaciol., 35, 333-342, available at: http: //adsabs.harvard.edu/ abs/1989JGlac.35.333B, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Glaciol , vol.35 , pp. 333-342
    • Brun, E.1    Martin, E.2    Simon, V.3    Gendre, C.4    Coléou, C.5
  • 12
    • 84920528421 scopus 로고
    • A numerical model to simulate snow-cover stratigraphy for operational avalanche forecasting
    • Brun, E., David, P., Sudul, M., and Brunot, G.: A numerical model to simulate snow-cover stratigraphy for operational avalanche forecasting, J. Glaciol., 38, 13-22, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JGlac.38... 13B, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Glaciol , vol.38 , pp. 13-22
    • Brun, E.1    David, P.2    Sudul, M.3    Brunot, G.4
  • 14
    • 0000943421 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the wavelength dependence of refractive indices of flame soot
    • Chang, H. and Charalampopoulos, T. T.: Determination of the wavelength dependence of refractive indices of flame soot, Royal Society of London Proceedings Series A, 430, 577-591, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/ 1990RSPSA.430.577C, 1990.
    • (1990) Royal Society of London Proceedings Series A , vol.430 , pp. 577-591
    • Chang, H.1    Charalampopoulos, T.T.2
  • 15
    • 0019552710 scopus 로고
    • Radiative properties of snow for clear sky solar radiation
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-232X(81)90015-X
    • Choudhury, B.: Radiative properties of snow for clear sky solar radiation, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 4, 103-120, doi:10.1016/0165- 232X(81)90015-X, 1981. (Pubitemid 11414238)
    • (1981) Cold Regions Science and Technology , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-120
    • Choudhury Bhaskar1
  • 16
    • 0020969794 scopus 로고
    • Albedo of soot-contaminated snow
    • doi:10.1029/JC088iC15p10837
    • Chýlek, P., Ramaswamy, V., and Srivastava, V.: Albedo of soot-contaminated snow, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10837-10843, doi:10.1029/ JC088iC15p10837, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res , vol.88 , pp. 10837-10843
    • Chýlek, P.1    Ramaswamy, V.2    Srivastava, V.3
  • 17
    • 0024484432 scopus 로고
    • Snow-crystal growth with varying surface temperatures and radiation penetration
    • doi:10.3189/002214389793701536
    • Colbeck, S.: Snow-crystal growth with varying surface temperatures and radiation penetration, J. Glaciol., 35, 23-29, doi:10.3189/002214389793701536, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Glaciol , vol.35 , pp. 23-29
    • Colbeck, S.1
  • 18
    • 0019999721 scopus 로고
    • Overview of seasonal snow metamorphism
    • Colbeck, S. C.: An overview of seasonal snow metamorphism (Paper 1R1414), Rev. Geophys., 20, 45-61, doi:10.1029/RG020i001p00045, 1982. (Pubitemid 12523464)
    • (1982) Reviews of geophysics and space physics , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-61
    • Colbeck, S.C.1
  • 19
    • 0035864350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific surface area of snow samples determined by ch4 adsorption at 77k and estimated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
    • doi:10.1021/es001168n
    • Domine, F., Cabanes, A., Taillandier, A.-S., and Legagneux, L.: Specific surface area of snow samples determined by CH4 adsorption at 77K and estimated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 771-780, doi:10.1021/es001168n, 2001.
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.35 , pp. 771-780
    • Domine, F.1    Cabanes, A.2    Taillandier, A.-S.3    Legagneux, L.4
  • 20
    • 33748077479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the specific surface area and the short wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance of snow
    • DOI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.06.002, PII S0165232X06000735
    • Domine, F., Salvatori, R., Legagneux, L., Salzano, R., Fily, M., and Casacchia, R.: Correlation between the specific surface area and the short wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance of snow, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 46, 60-68, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.06.002, 2006. (Pubitemid 44294088)
    • (2006) Cold Regions Science and Technology , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-68
    • Domine, F.1    Salvatori, R.2    Legagneux, L.3    Salzano, R.4    Fily, M.5    Casacchia, R.6
  • 22
    • 77949356924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-accuracy measurements of snow bidirectional reflectance distribution function at visible and nir wavelengths - Comparison with modelling results
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-2507-2010
    • Dumont, M., Brissaud, O., Picard, G., Schmitt, B., Gallet, J.-C., and Arnaud, Y.: High-accuracy measurements of snow Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function at visible and NIR wavelengths - comparison with modelling results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2507-2520, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2507-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.10 , pp. 2507-2520
    • Dumont, M.1    Brissaud, O.2    Picard, G.3    Schmitt, B.4    Gallet, J.-C.5    Arnaud, Y.6
  • 23
    • 0000845528 scopus 로고
    • An approximate analysis of the solar reflectance and transmittance of a snow cover
    • doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1956)013<0212:AAAOTS>2.0.CO;2
    • Dunkle, R. V. and Bevans, J. T.: An approximate analysis of the solar reflectance and transmittance of a snow cover, J. Meteorol., 13, 212-216, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1956)013<0212:AAAOTS>2.0.CO;2, 1956.
    • (1956) J. Meteorol , vol.13 , pp. 212-216
    • Dunkle, R.V.1    Bevans, J.T.2
  • 25
    • 20044392349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowpack radiative heating: Influence on Tibetan Plateau climate
    • DOI 10.1029/2004GL022076, L06501
    • Flanner, M. G.: Snowpack radiative heating: influence on Tibetan Plateau climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06501, doi:10.1029/2004GL022076, 2005. (Pubitemid 40771661)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-5
    • Flanner, M.G.1    Zender, C.S.2
  • 26
    • 84861664187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced solar energy absorption by internally-mixed black carbon in snow grains
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-4699-2012
    • Flanner, M. G., Liu, X., Zhou, C., Penner, J. E., and Jiao, C.: Enhanced solar energy absorption by internally-mixed black carbon in snow grains, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4699-4721, doi:10.5194/acp-12-4699-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.12 , pp. 4699-4721
    • Flanner, M.G.1    Liu, X.2    Zhou, C.3    Penner, J.E.4    Jiao, C.5
  • 27
    • 15444372178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional geometric measurements of snow microstructural evolution under isothermal conditions
    • Papers from the International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches
    • Flin, F., Brzoska, J.-B., Lesaffre, B., Coléou, C., and Pieritz, R. A.: Three-dimensional geometric measurements of snow microstructural evolution under isothermal conditions, Ann. Glaciol., 38, 39-44, doi:10.3189/172756404781814942, 2004. (Pubitemid 40398501)
    • (2004) Annals of Glaciology , vol.38 , pp. 39-44
    • Flin, F.1    Brzoska, J.-B.2    Lesaffre, B.3    Coleou, C.4    Pieritz, R.A.5
  • 28
    • 84862301168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of measurement geometry on recording solar radiation attenuation in snowpack (efolding depth) using fibre-optic probes
    • doi:10.3189/2012JoG11J227
    • France, J. and King, M.: The effect of measurement geometry on recording solar radiation attenuation in snowpack (efolding depth) using fibre-optic probes, J. Glaciol., 58, 417-418, doi:10.3189/2012JoG11J227, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Glaciol , vol.58 , pp. 417-418
    • France, J.1    King, M.2
  • 29
    • 80052973807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow optical properties at dome c (concordia), antarctica; Implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-9787- 2011
    • France, J. L., King, M. D., Frey, M. M., Erbland, J., Picard, G., Preunkert, S., MacArthur, A., and Savarino, J.: Snow optical properties at Dome C (Concordia), Antarctica; implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9787-9801, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9787- 2011, 2011a.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.11 , pp. 9787-9801
    • France, J.L.1    King, M.D.2    Frey, M.M.3    Erbland, J.4    Picard, G.5    Preunkert, S.6    Macarthur, A.7    Savarino, J.8
  • 30
    • 80052979690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculations of in-Snow no2 and oh radical photochemical production and photolysis rates: A field and radiative-transfer study of the optical properties of arctic (ny-ÅLesund, Svalbard) snow
    • doi:10.1029/2011JF002019
    • France, J. L., King, M. D., Lee-Taylor, J., Beine, H. J., Ianniello, A., Domine, F., and MacArthur, A.: Calculations of in-snow NO2 and OH radical photochemical production and photolysis rates: a field and radiative-transfer study of the optical properties of Arctic (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) snow, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04013, doi:10.1029/2011JF002019, 2011b.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • France, J.L.1    King, M.D.2    Lee-Taylor, J.3    Beine, H.J.4    Ianniello, A.5    Domine, F.6    Macarthur, A.7
  • 31
    • 84858426007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyl radical and nox production rates, black carbon concentrations and light-absorbing impurities in snow from field measurements of light penetration and nadir reflectivity of onshore and offshore coastal alaskan snow
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD016639
    • France, J. L., Reay, H. J., King, M. D., Voisin, D., Jacobi, H. W., Domine, F., Beine, H., Anastasio, C., MacArthur, A., and Lee- Taylor, J.: Hydroxyl radical and NOx production rates, black carbon concentrations and light-absorbing impurities in snow from field measurements of light penetration and nadir reflectivity of onshore and offshore coastal Alaskan snow, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00R12, doi:10.1029/2011JD016639, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • France, J.L.1    Reay, H.J.2    King, M.D.3    Voisin, D.4    Jacobi, H.W.5    Domine, F.6    Beine, H.7    Anastasio, C.8    Macarthur, A.9    Lee-Taylor, J.10
  • 32
    • 0007427589 scopus 로고
    • The extinction and absorption of solar radiation within a snow cover
    • Fukami, H., Kojima, K., and Aburakawa, H.: The extinction and absorption of solar radiation within a snow cover, Ann. Glaciol., 6, 118-122, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985AnGla...6.118F, 1985.
    • (1985) Ann. Glaciol , vol.6 , pp. 118-122
    • Fukami, H.1    Kojima, K.2    Aburakawa, H.3
  • 33
    • 75749115981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm
    • doi:10.5194/tc-3-167-2009
    • Gallet, J.-C., Domine, F., Zender, C. S., and Picard, G.: Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm, The Cryosphere, 3, 167-182, doi:10.5194/tc-3-167- 2009, 2009.
    • (2009) The Cryosphere , vol.3 , pp. 167-182
    • Gallet, J.-C.1    Domine, F.2    Zender, C.S.3    Picard, G.4
  • 34
    • 0034862964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortwave, singlescattering properties of arctic ice clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD900195
    • Garrett, T. J., Hobbs, P. V., and Gerber, H.: Shortwave, singlescattering properties of arctic ice clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15155-15172, doi:10.1029/2000JD900195, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res , vol.106 , pp. 15155-15172
    • Garrett, T.J.1    Hobbs, P.V.2    Gerber, H.3
  • 35
    • 0000382622 scopus 로고
    • Diffusion theory applied to radiant energy distribution and albedo of snow
    • doi:10.1029/JZ066i001p00181
    • Giddings, J. C. and LaChapelle, E.: Diffusion theory applied to radiant energy distribution and albedo of snow, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 181-189, doi:10.1029/JZ066i001p00181, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res , vol.66 , pp. 181-189
    • Giddings, J.C.1    Lachapelle, E.2
  • 36
    • 0001031937 scopus 로고
    • The optical properties of ice and snow in the arctic basin
    • Grenfell, T. C. and Maykut, G. A.: The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin, J. Glaciol., 18, 445-463, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977JGlac.18.445G, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Glaciol , vol.18 , pp. 445-463
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Maykut, G.A.2
  • 37
    • 0033611359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation
    • doi:10.1029/1999JD900496
    • Grenfell, T. C. and Warren, S. G.: Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31697-1709, doi:10.1029/1999JD900496, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res , vol.104 , pp. 31697-31709
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Warren, S.G.2
  • 38
    • 0028557660 scopus 로고
    • Reflection of solar radiation by the antarctic snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths
    • doi:10.1029/94JD01484
    • Grenfell, T. C.,Warren, S. G., and Mullen, P. C.: Reflection of solar radiation by the Antarctic snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18669-18684, doi:10.1029/94JD01484, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99 , pp. 18669-18684
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Warren, S.G.2    Mullen, P.C.3
  • 39
    • 27144441111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 3. Hollow columns and plates
    • DOI 10.1029/2005JD005811, D17203
    • Grenfell, T. C., Neshyba, S. P., and Warren, S. G.: Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 3. Hollow columns and plates, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17203, doi:10.1029/2005JD005811, 2005. (Pubitemid 41498518)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.110 , Issue.17 , pp. 107-121
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Neshyba, S.P.2    Warren, S.G.3
  • 40
    • 2042426324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of surface albedo feedback in climate
    • DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004) 017<1550:TROSAF>2.0.CO;2
    • Hall, A.: The role of surface albedo feedback in climate, J. Climate, 17, 1550-1568, doi:10.1175/1520- 0442(2004)017<1550:TROSAF>2.0.CO;2, 2004. (Pubitemid 38536483)
    • (2004) Journal of Climate , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 1550-1568
    • Hall, A.1
  • 41
    • 33645816549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the current seasonal cycle to constrain snow albedo feedback in future climate change
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL025127
    • Hall, A. and Qu, X.: Using the current seasonal cycle to constrain snow albedo feedback in future climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03502, doi:10.1029/2005GL025127, 2006.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Hall, A.1    Qu, X.2
  • 42
    • 84864591345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the macroscopic optical properties of snow based on exact morphology and direct pore-level heat transfer modeling
    • doi:10.1029/2012JF002332
    • Haussener, S., Gergely, M., Schneebeli, M. and Steinfeld, A.: Determination of the macroscopic optical properties of snow based on exact morphology and direct pore-level heat transfer modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 117, F03009, doi:10.1029/2012JF002332, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • Haussener, S.1    Gergely, M.2    Schneebeli, M.3    Steinfeld, A.4
  • 44
    • 34250208649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral bidirectional reflectance of antarctic snow: Measurements and parameterization
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD007290
    • Hudson, S. R., Warren, S. G., Brandt, R. E., Grenfell, T. C., and Six, D.: Spectral bidirectional reflectance of Antarctic snow: measurements and parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18106, doi:10.1029/2006JD007290, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res , vol.111
    • Hudson, S.R.1    Warren, S.G.2    Brandt, R.E.3    Grenfell, T.C.4    Six, D.5
  • 45
    • 18844415289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two stream approximation to radiative transfer equation: An alternative method of solution
    • Jiménez-Aquino, J. I. and Varela, J. R.: Two stream approximation to radiative transfer equation: an alternative method of solution, Rev. Mex. Fis., 51, 82-86, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005RMxF...51... 82J, 2005. (Pubitemid 40687990)
    • (2005) Revista Mexicana de Fisica , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-86
    • Jimenez-Aquino, J.I.1    Varela, J.R.2
  • 46
    • 48449085612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow optical properties for different particle shapes with application to snow grain size retrieval and modis/ceres radiance comparison over antarctica
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.011
    • Jin, Z., Charlock, T. P., Yang, P., Xie, Y., and Miller, W.: Snow optical properties for different particle shapes with application to snow grain size retrieval and MODIS/CERES radiance comparison over Antarctica, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 3563-3581, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.011, 2008.
    • (2008) Remote Sens. Environ , vol.112 , pp. 3563-3581
    • Jin, Z.1    Charlock, T.P.2    Yang, P.3    Xie, Y.4    Miller, W.5
  • 47
    • 0034924001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction of uv radiation in arctic snow at alert, canada (82- n)
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD900006
    • King, M. D. and Simpson,W. R.: Extinction of UV radiation in Arctic snow at Alert, Canada (82- N), J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12499- 12507, doi:10.1029/2001JD900006, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res , vol.106 , pp. 12499-12507
    • King, M.D.1    Simpson, W.R.2
  • 50
    • 0031581166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integral light-scattering and absorption characteristics of large, nonspherical particles
    • Kokhanovsky, A. A. and Macke, A.: Integral light-scattering and absorption characteristics of large, nonspherical particles, Appl. Optics, 36, 8785-8790, doi:10.1364/AO.36.008785, 1997. (Pubitemid 28504588)
    • (1997) Applied Optics , vol.36 , Issue.33 , pp. 8785-8790
    • Kokhanovsky, A.A.1    Macke, A.2
  • 51
    • 1542306751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering optics of snow
    • doi:10.1364/AO.43.001589
    • Kokhanovsky, A. A. and Zege, E. P.: Scattering optics of snow, Appl. Optics, 43, 1589-1602, doi:10.1364/AO.43.001589, 2004.
    • (2004) Appl. Optics , vol.43 , pp. 1589-1602
    • Kokhanovsky, A.A.1    Zege, E.P.2
  • 52
    • 33845535868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling constant and its determination from simultaneous measurements of light reflection and methane adsorption by snow samples
    • DOI 10.1364/OL.31.003282
    • Kokhanovsky, A. A.: Scaling constant and its determination from simultaneous measurements of light reflection and methane adsorption by snow samples, Opt. Letters, 31, 3282-3284, doi:10.1364/OL.31.003282, 2006. (Pubitemid 44925370)
    • (2006) Optics Letters , vol.31 , Issue.22 , pp. 3282-3284
    • Kokhanovsky, A.A.1
  • 53
    • 84883160075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral reflectance of solar light from dirty snow: A simple theoretical model and its validation
    • doi:10.5194/tc-7-1325-2013
    • Kokhanovsky, A. A.: Spectral reflectance of solar light from dirty snow: a simple theoretical model and its validation, The Cryosphere, 7, 1325-1331, doi:10.5194/tc-7-1325-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) The Cryosphere , vol.7 , pp. 1325-1331
    • Kokhanovsky, A.A.1
  • 55
    • 84859196294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near-surface climate and surface energy budget of larsen c ice shelf, antarctic peninsula
    • doi:10.5194/tc-6-353-2012
    • Kuipers Munneke, P., van den Broeke, M. R., King, J. C., Gray, T., and Reijmer, C. H.: Near-surface climate and surface energy budget of Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, The Cryosphere, 6, 353-363, doi:10.5194/tc-6-353- 2012, 2012.
    • (2012) The Cryosphere , vol.6 , pp. 353-363
    • Kuipers Munneke, P.1    Van Den Broeke, M.R.2    King, J.C.3    Gray, T.4    Reijmer, C.H.5
  • 56
    • 75349104008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between snow grain morphology and in-situ near infrared calibrated reflectance photographs
    • doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.01.004
    • Langlois, A., Royer, A., Montpetit, B., Picard, G., Brucker, L., Arnaud, L., Harvey-Collard, P., Fily, M., and Goïta, K.: On the relationship between snow grain morphology and in-situ near infrared calibrated reflectance photographs, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 61, 34-42, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2010. 01.004, 2010.
    • (2010) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol , vol.61 , pp. 34-42
    • Langlois, A.1    Royer, A.2    Montpetit, B.3    Picard, G.4    Brucker, L.5    Arnaud, L.6    Harvey-Collard, P.7    Fily, M.8    Goïta, K.9
  • 57
    • 1342322147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of actinic fluxes with a coupled atmosphere-snow radiative transfer model
    • DOI 10.1029/2002JD002084
    • Lee-Taylor, J. and Madronich, S.: Calculation of actinic fluxes with a coupled atmosphere-snow radiative transfer model, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4796, doi:10.1029/2002JD002084, 2002. (Pubitemid 44793977)
    • (2002) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.107 , Issue.24 , pp. 4796
    • Lee-Taylor, J.1    Madronich, S.2
  • 59
    • 20544470984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antarctic surface and subsurface snow and ice melt fluxes
    • DOI 10.1175/JCLI3344.1
    • Liston, G. E. and Winther, J.-G.: Antarctic surface and subsurface snow and ice melt fluxes, J. Climate, 18, 1469-1481, doi:10.1175/JCLI3344.1, 2005. (Pubitemid 40849762)
    • (2005) Journal of Climate , vol.18 , Issue.10 , pp. 1469-1481
    • Liston, G.E.1    Winther, J.-G.2
  • 60
    • 0030391043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996) 053<2813:SSPOAI>2.0.CO;2
    • Macke, A., Mueller, J., and Raschke, E.: Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2813-2825, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1996)053<2813:SSPOAI>2.0.CO;2, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.53 , pp. 2813-2825
    • Macke, A.1    Mueller, J.2    Raschke, E.3
  • 61
    • 5144225077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements and model calculations of the solar shortwave fluxes in snow on Summit, Greenland
    • Papers from the International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches
    • Meirold-Mautner, I. and Lehning, M.: Measurements and model calculations of the solar shortwave fluxes in snow on Summit, Greenland, Ann. Glaciol., 38, 279-284, doi:10.3189/172756404781814753, 2004. (Pubitemid 40398536)
    • (2004) Annals of Glaciology , vol.38 , pp. 279-284
    • Meirold-Mautner, I.1    Lehning, M.2
  • 62
    • 0030324674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering of light by polydisperse, randomly oriented, finite circular cylinders
    • doi:10.1364/AO.35.004927
    • Mishchenko, M. I., Travis, L. D., and Macke, A.: Scattering of light by polydisperse, randomly oriented, finite circular cylinders, Appl. Optics, 35, 4927-4940, doi:10.1364/AO.35.004927, 1996.
    • (1996) Appl. Optics , vol.35 , pp. 4927-4940
    • Mishchenko, M.I.1    Travis, L.D.2    Macke, A.3
  • 63
    • 79952687044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of snow albedo and grain size using reflectance measurements in himalayan basin
    • doi:10.5194/tc-5-203-2011
    • Negi, H. S. and Kokhanovsky, A.: Retrieval of snow albedo and grain size using reflectance measurements in Himalayan basin, The Cryosphere, 5, 203-217, doi:10.5194/tc-5-203-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) The Cryosphere , vol.5 , pp. 203-217
    • Negi, H.S.1    Kokhanovsky, A.2
  • 64
    • 1342269943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 2. Hexagonal columns and plates
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD003302
    • Neshyba, S. P., Grenfell, T. C., and Warren, S. G.: Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 2. Hexagonal columns and plates, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4448, doi:10.1029/2002JD003302, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , pp. 4448
    • Neshyba, S.P.1    Grenfell, T.C.2    Warren, S.G.3
  • 67
    • 37549025434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light reflection and transmission by a temperate snow cover
    • doi:10.3189/172756507782202919
    • Perovich, D. K.: Light reflection and transmission by a temperate snow cover, J. Glaciol., 53, 201-210, doi:10.3189/172756507782202919, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Glaciol , vol.53 , pp. 201-210
    • Perovich, D.K.1
  • 68
    • 60849098726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining snow specific surface area from near-infrared reflectance measurements: Numerical study of the influence of grain shape
    • doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.10.001
    • Picard, G., Arnaud, L., Domine, F., and Fily, M.: Determining snow specific surface area from near-infrared reflectance measurements: numerical study of the influence of grain shape, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 56, 10-17, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2008.10.001, 2009.
    • (2009) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol , vol.56 , pp. 10-17
    • Picard, G.1    Arnaud, L.2    Domine, F.3    Fily, M.4
  • 69
    • 84868109156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the positive snow-albedo feedback by precipitation in interior antarctica
    • doi:10.1038/nclimate1590
    • Picard, G., Domine, F., Krinner, G., Arnaud, L., and Lefebvre, E.: Inhibition of the positive snow-albedo feedback by precipitation in interior Antarctica, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 795-798, doi:10.1038/nclimate1590, 2012.
    • (2012) Nat. Clim. Change , vol.2 , pp. 795-798
    • Picard, G.1    Domine, F.2    Krinner, G.3    Arnaud, L.4    Lefebvre, E.5
  • 70
    • 84879044413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased albedo, efolding depth and photolytic oh radical and no2 production with increasing black carbon content in arctic snow
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD016630
    • Reay, H. J., France, J. L., and King, M. D.: Decreased albedo, efolding depth and photolytic OH radical and NO2 production with increasing black carbon content in Arctic snow, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00R20, doi:10.1029/2011JD016630, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • Reay, H.J.1    France, J.L.2    King, M.D.3
  • 71
    • 0000310068 scopus 로고
    • The local surface energy balance and subsurface temperature regime in antarctica
    • doi:10.1175/1520- 0450(1972)011<1048:TLSEBA>2.0.CO;2
    • Schlatter, T. W.: The local surface energy balance and subsurface temperature regime in Antarctica, J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 1048-1062, doi:10.1175/1520- 0450(1972)011<1048:TLSEBA>2.0.CO;2, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Appl. Meteorol , vol.11 , pp. 1048-1062
    • Schlatter T., .W.1
  • 72
    • 0023307570 scopus 로고
    • Caractérisation optique de différents types de neige. Extinction de la lumière dans la neige
    • doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1987150
    • Sergent, C., Chevrand, P., Lafeuille, J., and Marbouty, D.: Caractérisation optique de différents types de neige. Extinction de la lumière dans la neige, Le Journal de Physique Colloques, 48, C1-361-C1-367, doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1987150, 1987.
    • (1987) Le Journal de Physique Colloques , vol.48
    • Sergent, C.1    Chevrand, P.2    Lafeuille, J.3    Marbouty, D.4
  • 73
    • 0027799995 scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of optical snow properties
    • Sergent, C., Pougatch, E., Sudul, M., and Bourdelles, B.: Experimental investigation of optical snow properties, Ann. Glaciol., 17, 281-287, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/ abs/1993AnGla.17.281S, 1993. (Pubitemid 24394399)
    • (1993) Annals of Glaciology , vol.17 , pp. 281-287
    • Sergent, C.1    Pougatch, E.2    Sudul, M.3    Bourdelles, B.4
  • 74
    • 0031733795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispherical-Directional reflectance measurements of natural snow in the 0.9-1.45 m spectral range: Comparison with adding-Doubling modelling
    • Sergent, C., Leroux, C., Pougatch, E., and Guirado, F.: Hemispherical-directional reflectance measurements of natural snows in the 0.9-1.45 μm spectral range: comparison with adding-doubling modelling, Ann. Glaciol., 26, 59-63, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AnGla.26... 59S, 1998. (Pubitemid 28486226)
    • (1998) Annals of Glaciology , vol.26 , pp. 59-63
    • Sergent, C.1    Leroux, C.2    Pougatch, E.3    Guirado, F.4
  • 75
    • 0014855776 scopus 로고
    • The transfer of solar irradiance through inhomogeneous turbid atmospheres evaluated by eddington's approximation
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1970) 027<1048:TTOSIT>2.0.CO;2
    • Shettle, E. P. and Weinman, J. A.: The transfer of solar irradiance through inhomogeneous turbid atmospheres evaluated by Eddington's approximation, J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1048-1055, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<1048: TTOSIT>2.0.CO;2, 1970.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.27 , pp. 1048-1055
    • Shettle, E.P.1    Weinman, J.A.2
  • 76
    • 84966148288 scopus 로고
    • Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media
    • doi:10.1364/AO.27.002502
    • Stamnes, K., Tsay, S.-C., Wiscombe, W., and Jayaweera, K.: Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Optics, 27, 2502-2509, doi:10.1364/AO.27.002502, 1988.
    • (1988) Appl. Optics , vol.27 , pp. 2502-2509
    • Stamnes, K.1    Tsay, S.-C.2    Wiscombe, W.3    Jayaweera, K.4
  • 77
    • 0024827891 scopus 로고
    • Solar radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part i: Single-Scattering and optical properties of hexagonal ice crystals
    • doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1989)046<0003:SRTICC>2.0.CO;2
    • Takano, Y. and Liou, K.-N.: Solar radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part I: Single-scattering and optical properties of hexagonal ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3-19, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1989)046<0003:SRTICC>2.0. CO;2, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.46 , pp. 3-19
    • Takano, Y.1    Liou, K.-N.2
  • 78
    • 0024839546 scopus 로고
    • Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres
    • doi:10.1029/JD094iD13p16287
    • Toon, O. B., McKay, C. P., Ackerman, T. P., and Santhanam, K.: Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16287-16301, doi:10.1029/JD094iD13p16287, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res , vol.94 , pp. 16287-16301
    • Toon, O.B.1    McKay, C.P.2    Ackerman, T.P.3    Santhanam, K.4
  • 80
    • 68749106275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of melt energy and meltwater fluxes in the ablation zone of the west greenland ice sheet
    • doi:10.5194/tc-2-179-2008
    • van den Broeke, M., Smeets, P., Ettema, J., van der Veen, C., van de Wal, R., and Oerlemans, J.: Partitioning of melt energy and meltwater fluxes in the ablation zone of the west Greenland ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 2, 179-189, doi:10.5194/tc-2- 179-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) The Cryosphere , vol.2 , pp. 179-189
    • Van Den Broeke, M.1    Smeets, P.2    Ettema, J.3    Van Der Veen, C.4    Van De Wal, R.5    Oerlemans, J.6
  • 82
    • 0001445031 scopus 로고
    • Projected area of convex bodies
    • doi:10.1038/162330a0
    • Vouk, V.: Projected area of convex bodies, Nature, 162, 330-331, doi:10.1038/162330a0, 1948.
    • (1948) Nature , vol.162 , pp. 330-331
    • Vouk, V.1
  • 84
    • 84935882941 scopus 로고
    • Optical properties of snow
    • doi:10.1029/RG020i001p00067
    • Warren, S. G.: Optical properties of snow, Rev. Geophys., 20, 67- 89, doi:10.1029/RG020i001p00067, 1982.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys , vol.20 , pp. 67-89
    • Warren, S.G.1
  • 85
    • 71949083030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009744
    • Warren, S. G. and Brandt, R. E.: Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: a revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14220, doi:10.1029/2007JD009744, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2
  • 86
    • 0019113697 scopus 로고
    • A model for the spectral albedo of snow ii: Snow containing atmospheric aerosols
    • doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1980)037<2734:AMFTSA>2.0.CO;2
    • Warren, S. G. and Wiscombe, W. J.: A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: Snow containing atmospheric aerosols, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2734-2745, doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(1980)037<2734:AMFTSA>2.0.CO;2, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.37 , pp. 2734-2745
    • Warren, S.G.1    Wiscombe, W.J.2
  • 87
    • 33748701850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visible and near-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of ice from transmission of solar radiation into snow
    • DOI 10.1364/AO.45.005320
    • Warren, S. G., Brandt, R. E., and Grenfell, T. C.: Visible and near-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of ice from transmission of solar radiation into snow, Appl. Optics, 45, 5320-5334, doi:10.1364/AO.45.005320, 2006. (Pubitemid 44394736)
    • (2006) Applied Optics , vol.45 , Issue.21 , pp. 5320-5334
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2    Grenfell, T.C.3
  • 88
    • 0019011059 scopus 로고
    • Improved mie scattering algorithms
    • doi:10.1364/AO.19.001505
    • Wiscombe, W. J.: Improved Mie scattering algorithms, Appl. Optics, 19, 1505-1509, doi:10.1364/AO.19.001505, 1980.
    • (1980) Appl. Optics , vol.19 , pp. 1505-1509
    • Wiscombe, W.J.1
  • 89
    • 0019092945 scopus 로고
    • A model for the spectral albedo of snow. I: Pure snow
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980) 037<2712:AMFTSA>2.0.CO;2
    • Wiscombe, W. J. and Warren, S. G.: A model for the spectral albedo of snow. I: Pure snow, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712-2733, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980) 037<2712:AMFTSA>2.0.CO;2, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.37 , pp. 2712-2733
    • Wiscombe, W.J.1    Warren, S.G.2
  • 91
    • 33645027797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ice crystal shape and effective size on snow bidirectional reflectance
    • doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.056
    • Xie, Y., Yang, P., Gao, B.-C., Kattawar, G. W., and Mishchenko, M. I.: Effect of ice crystal shape and effective size on snow bidirectional reflectance, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 100, 457-469, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005. 11.056, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra , vol.100 , pp. 457-469
    • Xie, Y.1    Yang, P.2    Gao, B.-C.3    Kattawar, G.W.4    Mishchenko, M.I.5
  • 92
    • 84880582807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical profiles of actinic flux and associated nox emissions on the antarctic and greenland ice sheets
    • doi:10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013
    • Zatko, M. C., Grenfell, T. C., Alexander, B., Doherty, S. J., Thomas, J. L., and Yang, X.: The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical profiles of actinic flux and associated NOx emissions on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3547-3567, doi:10.5194/acp-13-3547- 2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.13 , pp. 3547-3567
    • Zatko, M.C.1    Grenfell, T.C.2    Alexander, B.3    Doherty, S.J.4    Thomas, J.L.5    Yang, X.6
  • 93
    • 58249084770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New algorithm to retrieve the effective snow grain size and pollution amount from satellite data
    • doi:10.3189/172756408787815004
    • Zege, E., Katsev, I., Malinka, A., Prikhach, A., and Polonsky, I.: New algorithm to retrieve the effective snow grain size and pollution amount from satellite data, Ann. Glaciol., 49, 139-144, doi:10.3189/172756408787815004, 2008.
    • (2008) Ann. Glaciol , vol.49 , pp. 139-144
    • Zege, E.1    Katsev, I.2    Malinka, A.3    Prikhach, A.4    Polonsky, I.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.