메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 3547-3567

The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical profiles of actinic flux and associated NOx emissions on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BLACK CARBON; EMISSION; NITRATE; NITROGEN OXIDES; PHOTOLYSIS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SNOW COVER; SNOWPACK; VERTICAL PROFILE;

EID: 84880582807     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 0036965632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in snow surface roughness characteristics at Summit, Greenland: Implications for snow and firn ventilation
    • Albert, M. R. and Hawley, R. L.: Seasonal changes in snow surface roughness characteristics at Summit, Greenland: implications for snow and firn ventilation. Ann. Glaciol., 35, 510-514, 2002.
    • (2002) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.35 , pp. 510-514
    • Albert, M.R.1    Hawley, R.L.2
  • 2
    • 0036283444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow and firn properties and airsnow transport processes at Summit, Greenland
    • Albert, M. R. and Shultz, E. F.: Snow and firn properties and airsnow transport processes at Summit, Greenland. Atmos. Environ., 36, 2789-2797, 2002.
    • (2002) Atmos. Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 2789-2797
    • Albert, M.R.1    Shultz, E.F.2
  • 7
    • 24944459687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic view on nitrate loss in Antarctic surface snow
    • Blunier, T., Gregoire, F. L., Jacobi, H.-W., and Quansah, E.: Isotopic view on nitrate loss in Antarctic surface snow. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13501, doi:10.1029/2005GL023011, 2005.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , pp. L13501
    • Blunier, T.1    Gregoire, F.L.2    Jacobi, H.-W.3    Quansah, E.4
  • 8
    • 0001600068 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the optical properties of snow
    • Bohren, C. F. and Barkstrom, B. R.: Theory of the Optical Properties of Snow, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4527-4535, doi:10.1029/JC079i030p04527, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 4527-4535
    • Bohren, C.F.1    Barkstrom, B.R.2
  • 10
    • 50049087099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x release from the Arctic and coastal Antarctic snowpack
    • x release from the Arctic and coastal Antarctic snowpack, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4855-4864, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4855-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 4855-4864
    • Boxe, C.S.1    Saiz-Lopez, A.2
  • 12
    • 84927590588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow spectral albedo at Summit, Greenland: Comparison between in situ measurements and numerical simulations using measured physical and chemical properties of the snowpack
    • Carmagnola, C. M., Domine, F., Dumont, M., Wright, P., Strellis, B., Bergin, M., Dibb, J., Picard, G., and Morin, S.: Snow spectral albedo at Summit, Greenland: comparison between in situ measurements and numerical simulations using measured physical and chemical properties of the snowpack, The Cryosphere Discuss., 6, 5119-5167, doi:10.5194/tcd-6-5119-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) The Cryosphere Discuss. , vol.6 , pp. 5119-5167
    • Carmagnola, C.M.1    Domine, F.2    Dumont, M.3    Wright, P.4    Strellis, B.5    Bergin, M.6    Dibb, J.7    Picard, G.8    Morin, S.9
  • 14
    • 0344494591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantum yields of hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide from the photolysis of nitrate on ice
    • Chu, L. and Anastastio. C.: Quantum Yields of Hydroxyl Radicals and Nitrogen Dioxide from the Photolysis of Nitrate on Ice, J. Phys. Chem., 107, 9594-9602, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.107 , pp. 9594-9602
    • Chu, L.1    Anastastio, C.2
  • 15
    • 1642440012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 production from Antarctic snow? Laboratory investigation assessing the wavelength and temperature dependence
    • 2 production from Antarctic snow? Laboratory investigation assessing the wavelength and temperature dependence, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4147, doi:10.1029/2002JD002602, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4147
    • Cotter, E.S.N.1    Jones, A.E.2    Wolff, E.W.3    Bauguitte, S.J.-B.4
  • 19
    • 14744302868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow accumulation, surface height change, and firn densification at Summit, Greenland: Insights from 2 years of in situ observation
    • Dibb, J. E. and Fahnestock, M.: Snow accumulation, surface height change, and firn densification at Summit, Greenland: Insights from 2 years of in situ observation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24113, doi:10.1029/2003JD004300, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , pp. D24113
    • Dibb, J.E.1    Fahnestock, M.2
  • 20
    • 0036017564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast nitrogen oxide photochemistry in Summer, Greenland snow
    • Dibb, J. E., Arsenault, M., Peterson, M. C., and Honrath, R. E.: Fast nitrogen oxide photochemistry in Summer, Greenland snow. Atmos. Environ., 36, 2501-2511, 2002.
    • (2002) Atmos. Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 2501-2511
    • Dibb, J.E.1    Arsenault, M.2    Peterson, M.C.3    Honrath, R.E.4
  • 21
    • 4444230361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble reactive nitrogen oxides at South Pole during ISCAT 2000
    • Dibb, J. E., Huey, G. L., Slusher, D. L., and Tanner, D. J.: Soluble reactive nitrogen oxides at South Pole during ISCAT 2000. Atmos. Environ., 38, 5399-5409, 2004.
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 5399-5409
    • Dibb, J.E.1    Huey, G.L.2    Slusher, D.L.3    Tanner, D.J.4
  • 22
    • 34447249780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in the soluble ion content of snow at Summit, Greenland: Constraints from three years of daily surface snow samples
    • Dibb, J. E., Whitlow, S. I., and Arsenault, M.: Seasonal variations in the soluble ion content of snow at Summit, Greenland: Constraints from three years of daily surface snow samples. Atmos. Environ., 41, 5007-5019, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 5007-5019
    • Dibb, J.E.1    Whitlow, S.I.2    Arsenault, M.3
  • 23
    • 77958492076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bromide and other ions in the snow, firn air, and atmospheric boundary layer at Summit during GSHOX
    • Dibb, J. E., Ziemba, L. D., Luxford, J., and Beckman, P.: Bromide and other ions in the snow, firn air, and atmospheric boundary layer at Summit during GSHOX, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9931-9942, doi:10.5194/acp-10-9931-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 9931-9942
    • Dibb, J.E.1    Ziemba, L.D.2    Luxford, J.3    Beckman, P.4
  • 25
    • 0037199949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-snow interactions and atmospheric chemistry
    • Domine, F. and Shepson, P. B.: Air-snow interactions and atmospheric chemistry, Science, 297, 1506-1510, 2002.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1506-1510
    • Domine, F.1    Shepson, P.B.2
  • 26
    • 0035942877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen Dioxide Release in the 302 nm Band Photolysis of Spray-Frozen Aqueous Nitrate Solutions. Atmospheric Implications
    • Dubowski, Y., Colussi, A. J., and Hoffmann, M. R.: Nitrogen Dioxide Release in the 302 nm Band Photolysis of Spray-Frozen Aqueous Nitrate Solutions. Atmospheric Implications. J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 4928-4932, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.105 , pp. 4928-4932
    • Dubowski, Y.1    Colussi, A.J.2    Hoffmann, M.R.3
  • 27
    • 84903721064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau-Part 1: Isotopic evidence for a photolytically driven dynamic equilibrium
    • Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Frey, M. M., Frosini, D., Vince, E., and Martins, J. M. F.: Air-snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau-Part 1: Isotopic evidence for a photolytically driven dynamic equilibrium. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 28559-28608, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-28559-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.12 , pp. 28559-28608
    • Erbland, J.1    Vicars, W.C.2    Savarino, J.3    Morin, S.4    Frey, M.M.5    Frosini, D.6    Vince, E.7    Martins, J.M.F.8
  • 29
    • 80052973807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow optical properties at Dome C (Concordia), Antarctica; Implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen
    • France, J. L., King, M. D., Frey, M. M., Erbland, J., Picard, G., Preunkert, S., MacArthur, A., and Savarino, J.: Snow optical properties at Dome C (Concordia), Antarctica; implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9787-9801, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9787-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 9787-9801
    • France, J.L.1    King, M.D.2    Frey, M.M.3    Erbland, J.4    Picard, G.5    Preunkert, S.6    Macarthur, A.7    Savarino, J.8
  • 31
    • 70450228359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling
    • Frey, M. M., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Erbland, J., and Martins, J. M. F.: Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8681-8696, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8681-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 8681-8696
    • Frey, M.M.1    Savarino, J.2    Morin, S.3    Erbland, J.4    Martins, J.M.F.5
  • 34
    • 80051993507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical profiles of the specific surface area and density of the snow at Dome C and on a transect to Dumont D'Urville, Antarctica-albedo calculations and comparison to remote sensing products
    • Gallet, J.-C., Domine, F., Arnaud, L., Picard, G., and Savarino, J.: Vertical profiles of the specific surface area and density of the snow at Dome C and on a transect to Dumont D'Urville, Antarctica-albedo calculations and comparison to remote sensing products. The Cryosphere., 5, 631-649, doi:10.5194/tc-5-631-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) The Cryosphere. , vol.5 , pp. 631-649
    • Gallet, J.-C.1    Domine, F.2    Arnaud, L.3    Picard, G.4    Savarino, J.5
  • 35
    • 0000042334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On measuring and modelling ultraviolet spectral irradiance
    • edited by: Smith,W. L., and Stamnes, K. Adarsh Deepak Publishing
    • Gardiner, B. G. and Martin, T. J.: On measuring and modelling ultraviolet spectral irradiance. Current problems in atmospheric radiation, edited by: Smith,W. L., and Stamnes, K. Adarsh Deepak Publishing, 917-920, 1997.
    • (1997) Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation , pp. 917-920
    • Gardiner, B.G.1    Martin, T.J.2
  • 37
    • 0000407931 scopus 로고
    • A radiative transfer model for sea ice with vertical structure variations
    • Grenfell, T. C.: A Radiative Transfer Model for Sea Ice With Vertical Structure Variations. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 16991-17001, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 16991-17001
    • Grenfell, T.C.1
  • 38
    • 0028557660 scopus 로고
    • Reflection of solar radiation by the Antarctic snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength
    • Grenfell, T. C.,Warren, S. G., and Mullen, P. C.: Reflection of solar radiation by the Antarctic snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18669-18684, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 18669-18684
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Warren, S.G.2    Mullen, P.C.3
  • 39
    • 43449137259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local anthropogenic impact on particulate elemental carbon concentrations at Summit, Greenland
    • Hagler, G. S. W., Bergin, M. H., Smith, E. A., Town, M., Dibb, J. E.: Local anthropogenic impact on particulate elemental carbon concentrations at Summit, Greenland. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2485-2491, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2485-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 2485-2491
    • Hagler, G.S.W.1    Bergin, M.H.2    Smith, E.A.3    Town, M.4    Dibb, J.E.5
  • 40
    • 0001310874 scopus 로고
    • Light scattering in planetary atmospheres
    • Hansen, J. E. and Travis, L. D.: Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres. Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527-610, 1974.
    • (1974) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.16 , pp. 527-610
    • Hansen, J.E.1    Travis, L.D.2
  • 45
    • 0010853843 scopus 로고
    • Gas-phase ultraviolet absorption spectrum of nitric acid vapor
    • Johnston, H. and Graham, R.: Gas-Phase Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Nitric Acid Vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 77, 62-63, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.77 , pp. 62-63
    • Johnston, H.1    Graham, R.2
  • 48
    • 13244284972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon
    • Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21208, doi:10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , pp. D21208
    • Kirchstetter, T.W.1    Novakov, T.2    Hobbs, P.V.3
  • 49
    • 79952149720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the drivers for the 20th century change of hydrogen peroxide in Antarctic ice-cores
    • Lamarque, J.-F., McConnell, J. R., Shindell, D. T., Orlando, J. J., and Tyndall, G. S.: Understanding the drivers for the 20th century change of hydrogen peroxide in Antarctic ice-cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04810, doi:10.1029/2010GL045992, 2011.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38 , pp. L04810
    • Lamarque, J.-F.1    McConnell, J.R.2    Shindell, D.T.3    Orlando, J.J.4    Tyndall, G.S.5
  • 51
    • 0025198572 scopus 로고
    • Recent increase in nitrate concentration of Antarctic snow
    • Mayewski, P. A. and Legrand, M. R.: Recent increase in nitrate concentration of Antarctic snow. Nature, 346, 258-260, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 258-260
    • Mayewski, P.A.1    Legrand, M.R.2
  • 52
  • 53
    • 0000936514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postdepositional change in snowpack nitrate from observation of year-round near-surface snow in coastal Antarctica
    • Mulvaney, R., Wagenbach, D., and Wolff, E. W.: Postdepositional change in snowpack nitrate from observation of year-round near-surface snow in coastal Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11021-11031, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 11021-11031
    • Mulvaney, R.1    Wagenbach, D.2    Wolff, E.W.3
  • 54
    • 4444334510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of summertime NO fluxes and boundary-layer height at the South Pole during ISCAT 2000 using scalar similarity
    • Oncley, S. P., Buhr, M., Lenschow, D. H., Davis, D., and Semmer, S. R.: Observations of summertime NO fluxes and boundary-layer height at the South Pole during ISCAT 2000 using scalar similarity. Atmos. Environ., 38, 5389-5398, 2004.
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 5389-5398
    • Oncley, S.P.1    Buhr, M.2    Lenschow, D.H.3    Davis, D.4    Semmer, S.R.5
  • 55
    • 0001576259 scopus 로고
    • Climate of the Polar regions
    • Elsevier
    • Orvig, S.: Climate of the Polar regions. World survey of climatology, 14, Elsevier, 80-85, 1970.
    • (1970) World Survey of Climatology , vol.14 , pp. 80-85
    • Orvig, S.1
  • 56
    • 0036285872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo modeling and measurements of actinic flux levels in Summit, Greenland snowpack
    • Peterson, M., Barber, D., and Green, S.: Monte Carlo modeling and measurements of actinic flux levels in Summit, Greenland snowpack, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2545-2551, 2002.
    • (2002) Atmos. Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 2545-2551
    • Peterson, M.1    Barber, D.2    Green, S.3
  • 59
    • 33750879485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission factors and real-time optical properties of particles emitted from traditional wood burning cookstove
    • Roden, C. H., Bond, T. C., Conway, S., and Osorto Pinel, A. B.: Emission factors and real-time optical properties of particles emitted from traditional wood burning cookstove. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6750-6757, 2006.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 6750-6757
    • Roden, C.H.1    Bond, T.C.2    Conway, S.3    Osorto Pinel, A.B.4
  • 60
    • 0000890451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors controlling nitrate in ice cores: Evidence from the Dome C deep ice core
    • Rothlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Sommer, S., Wolff, E. W., and Mulvaney, R.: Factors controlling nitrate in ice cores: Evidence from the Dome C deep ice core. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20565-20572, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 20565-20572
    • Rothlisberger, R.1    Hutterli, M.A.2    Sommer, S.3    Wolff, E.W.4    Mulvaney, R.5
  • 63
    • 34247541401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of atmospheric nitrate in coastal Antarctica
    • Savarino, J., Kaiser, J., Morin, S., Sigman, D. M., and Thiemens, M. H.: Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of atmospheric nitrate in coastal Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1925-1945, doi:10.5194/acp-7-1925-2007, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.7 , pp. 1925-1945
    • Savarino, J.1    Kaiser, J.2    Morin, S.3    Sigman, D.M.4    Thiemens, M.H.5
  • 67
    • 84966148288 scopus 로고
    • Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media
    • Stamnes, K., Tsay, S., Wiscome, and Jayaweera, W.: Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media. Appl. Opt., 27, 2502-2509, 1988.
    • (1988) Appl. Opt. , vol.27 , pp. 2502-2509
    • Stamnes, K.1    Tsay, S.2    Wiscome3    Jayaweera, W.4
  • 68
    • 0035728380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface climatology of the Greenland ice sheet: Greenland Climate Network 1995-1999
    • Steffen, K. and Box, J.: Surface climatology of the Greenland ice sheet: Greenland Climate Network 1995-1999, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33951-33964, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 33951-33964
    • Steffen, K.1    Box, J.2
  • 70
    • 79957606789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland-Part 1: Model description and results
    • Thomas, J. L., Stutz, J., Lefer, B., Huey, L. G., Toyota, K., Dibb, J. E., and von Glasow, R.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland-Part 1: Model description and results. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4899-4914, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4899-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 4899-4914
    • Thomas, J.L.1    Stutz, J.2    Lefer, B.3    Huey, L.G.4    Toyota, K.5    Dibb, J.E.6    Von Glasow, R.7
  • 71
    • 84864197918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland-Part 2: Impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of the boundary layer
    • Thomas, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Liao, J., Tanner, J., Lefer, B., von Glasow, R., and Stutz, J.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland-Part 2: Impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of the boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6537-6554, doi:10.5194/acp-12-6537-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 6537-6554
    • Thomas, J.L.1    Dibb, J.E.2    Huey, L.G.3    Liao, J.4    Tanner, J.5    Lefer, B.6    Von Glasow, R.7    Stutz, J.8
  • 72
    • 0035080150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lightning on reactive nitrogen and nitrogen reservoir species in the troposphere
    • Tie, X., Zhang, R., Brasseur, G., Emmons, L., and Lei, W.: Effects of lightning on reactive nitrogen and nitrogen reservoir species in the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3167-3178, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 3167-3178
    • Tie, X.1    Zhang, R.2    Brasseur, G.3    Emmons, L.4    Lei, W.5
  • 76
    • 33845278403 scopus 로고
    • Product Quantum Yields for the 305-nm Photodecomposition of NO- 3 in Aqueous Solution
    • Warneck, P. and Wurzinger, C.: Product Quantum Yields for the 305-nm Photodecomposition of NO- 3 In Aqueous Solution, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6278-6283, doi:10.1021/j00333a022, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.92 , pp. 6278-6283
    • Warneck, P.1    Wurzinger, C.2
  • 77
    • 71949083030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation
    • Warren, S. G. and Brandt, R. E.: Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14220, doi:10.1029/2007jd009744, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , pp. D14220
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2
  • 78
    • 0025224654 scopus 로고
    • Soot in the atmosphere and snow surface of Antarctica
    • Warren, S. G. and Clarke, A. D.: Soot in the Atmosphere and Snow Surface of Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1811-1816, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 1811-1816
    • Warren, S.G.1    Clarke, A.D.2
  • 79
    • 0032566965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of surface roughness on bidirectional reflectance of Antarctic snow
    • Warren, S. G., Brandt, R. E., and Hinton, P.-O.: Effect of surface roughness on bidirectional reflectance of Antarctic snow. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25789-25807, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 25789-25807
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2    Hinton, P.-O.3
  • 80
    • 33748701850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visible and nearultraviolet absorption spectrum of ice from transmission of solar radiation into snow
    • Warren, S. G., Brandt, R. E., and Grenfell, T. C.: Visible and nearultraviolet absorption spectrum of ice from transmission of solar radiation into snow, Appl. Opt., 45, 5320-5334, 2006.
    • (2006) Appl. Opt. , vol.45 , pp. 5320-5334
    • Warren, S.G.1    Brandt, R.E.2    Grenfell, T.C.3
  • 81
    • 0033795360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast-J: Accurate simulation of in-and below-cloud photolysis in tropospheric chemical models
    • Wild, O., Zhu, X., and Prather,M. J.: Fast-J: Accurate Simulation of In-and Below-Cloud Photolysis in Tropospheric Chemical Models, J. Atmos. Chem., 37, 245-282, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.37 , pp. 245-282
    • Wild, O.1    Zhu, X.2    Prather, M.J.3
  • 82
    • 0000221018 scopus 로고
    • The Delta-M method: Rapid Yet Accurate Radiative Flux Calculations for Strongly Asymmetric Phase Functions
    • Wiscombe, W. J.: The Delta-M method: Rapid Yet Accurate Radiative Flux Calculations for Strongly Asymmetric Phase Functions. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1408-1422, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1408-1422
    • Wiscombe, W.J.1
  • 83
    • 0019092945 scopus 로고
    • A model for the spectral albedo of snow-I: Pure snow
    • Wiscombe, W. J. and Warren, S. G.: A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow-I: Pure Snow, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712-2733, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2712-2733
    • Wiscombe, W.J.1    Warren, S.G.2
  • 86
    • 0347814598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mineral dust entrainment and deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology
    • Zender, C. S., Bian, H., and Newman, D.: The mineral dust entrainment and deposition (DEAD) model: description and 1990s dust climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4416, doi:10.1029/2002JD002775, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4416
    • Zender, C.S.1    Bian, H.2    Newman, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.