Correction to: Arrhythmia and Sudden Death in Hemodialysis Patients: Protocol and Baseline Characteristics of the Monitoring in Dialysis Study (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2016, 11, 4, 721–734, (10.2215/CJN.09350915));Arrhythmia and sudden death in hemodialysis patients: Protocol and baseline characteristics of the monitoring in dialysis study

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 721-734

  Charytan, David M ^a   Foley, Robert ^b   McCullough, Peter A ^c,d   Rogers, John D ^e   Zimetbaum, Peter ^f   Herzog, Charles A ^b   Tumlin, James A ^g  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c BAYLOR UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d The Heart Hospital   (United States)

^e SCRIPPS CLINIC   (United States)

^f HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT CHATTANOOGA   (United States)

Author keywords

Arrhythmias; Cardiac; Cardiovascular disease; Chronic; Clinical trial; Cohort studies; Death; Heart conduction system; Hemodialysis; Humans; Kidney failure; Renal dialysis; Sudden

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ELECTROLYTE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; DEVICE SAFETY; DIABETES MELLITUS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; END STAGE RENAL DISEASE; FAINTNESS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART ARREST; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT; HUMAN; IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC MONITOR; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PATIENT MONITORING; PERFUSION; SUDDEN DEATH; ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEVICES; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROSTHESES AND ORTHOSES;

AGED; ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; COHORT STUDIES; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; FEMALE; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; RENAL DIALYSIS;

EID: 85011620369     PISSN: 15559041     EISSN: 1555905X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000162     Document Type: Erratum

References (83)

1. U.S. Renal Data System: USRDS 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States, Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2013
2. Wanner C, Krane V, März W, Olschewski M, Mann JF, Ruf G, Ritz E; German Diabetes and Dialysis Study Investigators: Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 353: 238–248, 2005
3. Cheung AK, Sarnak MJ, Yan G, Berkoben M, Heyka R, Kaufman A, Lewis J, Rocco M, Toto R, Windus D, Ornt D, Levey AS; HEMO Study Group: Cardiac diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Results of the HEMO Study. Kidney Int 65: 2380–2389, 2004
4. Wheeler DC, London GM, Parfrey PS, Block GA, Correa-Rotter R, Dehmel B, Drüeke TB, Floege J, Kubo Y, Mahaffey KW, Goodman WG, Moe SM, Trotman ML, Abdalla S, Chertow GM, Herzog CA; EValuation Of Cinacalcet HCl Therapy to Lower CardioVascular Events (EVOLVE) Trial Investigators: Effects of cinacalcet on atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular events in patients receiving hemodialysis: The EValuation Of Cinacalcet HCl Therapy to Lower CardioVascular Events (EVOLVE) trial. J Am Heart Assoc 3: e001363, 2014
5. Herzog CA, Asinger RW, Berger AK, Charytan DM, Díez J, Hart RG, Eckardt KU, Kasiske BL, McCullough PA, Passman RS, DeLoach SS, Pun PH, Ritz E: Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. A clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 80: 572–586, 2011
6. Weinhandl E, Constantini E, Everson S, Gilbertson D, Li S, Solid C, Anger M, Bhat JG, DeOreo P, Krishnan M, Nissenson A, Johnson D, Ikizler TA, Maddux F, Sadler J, Tyshler L, Parker T 3rd, Schiller B, Smith B, Lindenfeld S, Collins AJ: Peer kidney care initiative 2014 report: dialysis care and outcomes in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 65: S1–S140, 2015
7. Drechsler C, Grootendorst DC, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Krane V, Dekker F, März W, Ritz E, Wanner C: Wasting and sudden cardiac death in hemodialysis patients: A post hoc analysis of 4D (Die Deutsche Diabetes Dialyse Studie). Am J Kidney Dis 58: 599–607, 2011
8. Parekh RS, Plantinga LC, Kao WH, Meoni LA, Jaar BG, Fink NE, Powe NR, Coresh J, Klag MJ: The association of sudden cardiac death with inflammation and other traditional risk factors. Kidney Int 74: 1335–1342, 2008
9. Chan KE, Newton-Cheh C, Gusella JF, Maddux FW: Heritability of risk for sudden cardiac arrest in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 26: 2815–2820, 2015
10. Nakano Y, Shimizu W: Genetics of long-QT syndrome [Published online ahead of print June 25, 2015]. J Hum Genet doi: 10.1038/jhg.2015.74.
11. Sun Q, Song K, Shen X, Cai Y: The association between KCNQ1 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes risk: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 7: e48578, 2012
12. Multicentre, cross-sectional study of ventricular arrhythmias in chronically haemodialysed patients. Gruppo Emodialisi e Patologie Cardiovasculari. Lancet 2: 305–309, 1988
13. Sforzini S, Latini R, Mingardi G, Vincenti A, Redaelli B: Ventricular arrhythmias and four-year mortality in haemodialysis patients. Gruppo Emodialisi e Patologie Cardiovascolari. Lancet 339: 212–213, 1992
14. Wan C, Herzog CA, Zareba W, Szymkiewicz SJ: Sudden cardiac arrest in hemodialysis patients with wearable cardioverter defibrillator. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 19: 247–257, 2014
15. Wong MC, Kalman JM, Pedagogos E, Toussaint N, Vohra JK, Sparks PB, Sanders P, Kistler PM, Halloran K, Lee G, Joseph SA, Morton JB: Bradycardia and asystole is the predominant mechanism of sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 65: 1263–1265, 2015
16. Wong MC, Kalman JM, Pedagogos E, Toussaint N, Vohra JK, Sparks PB, Sanders P, Kistler PM, Halloran K, Lee G, Joseph SA, Morton JB: Temporal distribution of arrhythmic events in chronic kidney disease: Highest incidence in the long interdialytic period. Heart Rhythm 12: 2047–2055, 2015
17. Karnik JA, Young BS, Lew NL, Herget M, Dubinsky C, Lazarus JM, Chertow GM: Cardiac arrest and sudden death in dialysis units. Kidney Int 60: 350–357, 2001
18. Pun PH, Lehrich RW, Honeycutt EF, Herzog CA, Middleton JP: Modifiable risk factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest within hemodialysis clinics. Kidney Int 79: 218–227, 2011
19. Pun PH, Horton JR, Middleton JP: Dialysate calcium concentration and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 8: 797–803, 2013
20. Sakaguchi Y, Fujii N, Shoji T, Hayashi T, Rakugi H, Isaka Y: Hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Kidney Int 85: 174–181, 2014
21. Foley RN, Gilbertson DT, Murray T, Collins AJ: Long interdialytic interval and mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 365: 1099–1107, 2011
22. Bleyer AJ, Russell GB, Satko SG: Sudden and cardiac death rates in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 55: 1553–1559, 1999
23. Fotheringham J, Fogarty DG, El Nahas M, Campbell MJ, Farrington K: The mortality and hospitalization rates associated with the long interdialytic gap in thrice-weekly hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 88: 569–575, 2015
24. Zhang H, Schaubel DE, Kalbfleisch JD, Bragg-Gresham JL, Robinson BM, Pisoni RL, Canaud B, Jadoul M, Akiba T, Saito A, Port FK, Saran R: Dialysis outcomes and analysis of practice patterns suggests the dialysis schedule affects day-of-week mortality. Kidney Int 81: 1108–1115, 2012
25. Wolk R: Arrhythmogenic mechanisms in left ventricular hypertrophy. Europace 2: 216–223, 2000
26. Huikuri HV, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ: Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 345: 1473–1482, 2001
27. Herzog CA, Mangrum JM, Passman R: Sudden cardiac death and dialysis patients. Semin Dial 21: 300–307, 2008
28. Spaulding CM, Joly LM, Rosenberg A, Monchi M, Weber SN, Dhainaut JF, Carli P: Immediate coronary angiography in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 336: 1629– 1633, 1997
29. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Parlongo S, Cutrupi S, Benedetto FA, Tripepi G, Bonanno G, Rapisarda F, Fatuzzo P, Seminara G, Cataliotti A, Stancanelli B, Malatino LS: Plasma norepinephrine predicts survival and incident cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease. Circulation 105: 1354–1359, 2002
30. Stenvinkel P: Inflammation in end-stage renal disease: the hidden enemy. Nephrology (Carlton) 11: 36–41, 2006
31. Foley RN, Curtis BM, Randell EW, Parfrey PS: Left ventricular hypertrophy in new hemodialysis patients without symptomatic cardiac disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5: 805–813, 2010
32. Mall G, Huther W, Schneider J, Lundin P, Ritz E: Diffuse inter-myocardiocytic fibrosis in uraemic patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 5: 39–44, 1990
33. Amann K, Breitbach M, Ritz E, Mall G: Myocyte/capillary mismatch in the heart of uremic patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 9: 1018– 1022, 1998
34. McIntyre CW, Burton JO, Selby NM, Leccisotti L, Korsheed S, Baker CS, Camici PG: Hemodialysis-induced cardiac dysfunction is associated with an acute reduction in global and segmental myocardial blood flow. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3: 19–26, 2008
35. Charytan DM, Padera R, Helfand AM, Zeisberg M, Xu X, Liu X, Himmelfarb J, Cinelli A, Kalluri R, Zeisberg EM: Increased concentration of circulating angiogenesis and nitric oxide inhibitors induces endothelial to mesenchymal transition and myocardial fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int J Cardiol 176: 99–109, 2014
36. Matsumoto Y, Ueda S, Yamagishi S, Matsuguma K, Shibata R, Fukami K, Matsuoka H, Imaizumi T, Okuda S: Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase prevents progression of renal dysfunction by inhibiting loss of peritubular capillaries and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. J AmSoc Nephrol 18: 1525–1533, 2007
37. Repo JM, Rantala IS, Honkanen TT, Mustonen JT, Kööbi P, Tahvanainen AM, Niemelä OJ, Tikkanen I, Rysä JM, Ruskoaho HJ, Pörsti IH: Paricalcitol aggravates perivascular fibrosis in rats with renal insufficiency and low calcitriol. Kidney Int 72: 977–984, 2007
38. Paulis L, Matuskova J, Adamcova M, Pelouch V, Simko J, Krajcirovicova K, Potacova A, Hulin I, Janega P, Pechanova O, Simko F: Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodelling in NO-deficient hypertensive rats: Effect of L-arginine and spironolactone. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 194: 45–55, 2008
39. Faul C, Amaral AP, Oskouei B, Hu MC, Sloan A, Isakova T, Gutiérrez OM, Aguillon-Prada R, Lincoln J, Hare JM, Mundel P, Morales A, Scialla J, Fischer M, Soliman EZ, Chen J, Go AS, Rosas SE, Nessel L, Townsend RR, Feldman HI, St John Sutton M, Ojo A, Gadegbeku C, Di Marco GS, Reuter S, Kentrup D, Tiemann K, Brand M, Hill JA, Moe OW, Kuro-O M, Kusek JW, Keane MG, Wolf M: FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 121: 4393–4408, 2011
40. Brilla CG: Renin-angiotensin system mediated mechanisms: Cardioreparation and cardioprotection. Heart 84 Suppl 1: i18-19:discussion i50, 2000
41. Kennedy DJ, Vetteth S, Periyasamy SM, Kanj M, Fedorova L, Khouri S, Kahaleh MB, Xie Z, Malhotra D, Kolodkin NI, Lakatta EG, Fedorova OV, Bagrov AY, Shapiro JI: Central role for the cardiotonic steroid marinobufagenin in the pathogenesis of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy. Hypertension 47: 488–495, 2006
42. Mizobuchi M, Nakamura H, Tokumoto M, Finch J, Morrissey J, Liapis H, Slatopolsky E: Myocardial effects of VDR activators in renal failure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 121: 188–192, 2010
43. Saffitz JE: The pathology of sudden cardiac death in patients with ischemic heart disease–arrhythmology for anatomic pathologists. Cardiovasc Pathol 14: 195–203, 2005
44. Goldstein BA, Arce CM, Hlatky MA, Turakhia M, Setoguchi S, Winkelmayer WC: Trends in the incidence of atrial fibrillation in older patients initiating dialysis in the United States. Circulation 126: 2293–2301, 2012
45. Winkelmayer WC, Patrick AR, Liu J, Brookhart MA, Setoguchi S: The increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation among hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 22: 349–357, 2011
46. Zimmerman D, Sood MM, Rigatto C, Holden RM, Hiremath S, Clase CM: Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27: 3816–3822, 2012
47. Tekce H, Ozturk S, Aktas G, Tekce BK, Erdem A, Ozyasar M, Duman TT, Yazici M: The effects of a single dialysis session on atrial electromechanical conduction times and functions. Kidney Blood Press Res 37: 622–630, 2013
48. Steinberg JS, Zelenkofske S, Wong SC, Gelernt M, Sciacca R, Menchavez E: Value of the P-wave signal-averaged ECG for predicting atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Circulation 88: 2618–2622, 1993
49. Fukunami M, Yamada T, Ohmori M, Kumagai K, Umemoto K, Sakai A, Kondoh N, Minamino T, Hoki N: Detection of patients at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm by P wave-triggered signal-averaged electrocardiogram. Circulation 83: 162–169, 1991
50. Ozben B, Toprak A, Koc M, Sumerkan M, Tanrikulu AM, Papila-Topal N, Kefeli US, Cincin AA, Baykan O, Fak AS: P wave dispersion increases during hemodialysis sessions. Nephron Clin Pract 112: c171–c176, 2009
51. Shimada K, Tomita T, Kamijo Y, Higuchi M, Ito K, Koizumi Y, Yamamoto K, Aizawa K, Koshikawa M, Kasai H, Izawa A, Miyashita Y, Kumazaki S, Koyama J, Ikeda U: Hemodialysis-induced P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram alterations are indicative of vulnerability to atrial arrhythmias. Circ J 76: 612–617, 2012
52. Szabó Z, Kakuk G, Fülöp T, Mátyus J, Balla J, Kárpáti I, Juhász A, Kun C, Karányi Z, Lorincz I: Effects of haemodialysis on maximum P wave duration and P wave dispersion. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17: 1634–1638, 2002
53. Jaroszyńnski AJ, Głowniak A, Sodolski T, Załuska W, Widomska-Czekajska T, Ksiazek A: Effect of haemodialysis on signal-averaged electrocardiogram P-wave parameters. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 425–430, 2006
54. Buiten MS, de Bie MK, Rotmans JI, Gabreëls BA, van Dorp W, Wolterbeek R, Trines SA, Schalij MJ, Jukema JW, Rabelink TJ, van Erven L: The dialysis procedure as a trigger for atrial fibrillation: New insights in the development of atrial fibrillation in dialysis patients. Heart 100: 685–690, 2014
55. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB: Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 22: 983–988, 1991
56. Wetmore JB, Ellerbeck EF, Mahnken JD, Phadnis M, Rigler SK, Mukhopadhyay P, Spertus JA, Zhou X, Hou Q, Shireman TI: Atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke in dialysis patients. Ann Epidemiol 23: 112–118, 2013
57. Li SY, Chen YT, Chen TJ, Tsai LW, Yang WC, Chen TW: Mesenteric ischemia in patients with end-stage renal disease: A nationwide longitudinal study. Am J Nephrol 35: 491–497, 2012
58. Combe C, Albert JM, Bragg-Gresham JL, Andreucci VE, Disney A, Fukuhara S, Goodkin DA, Gillespie BW, Saito A, Jadoul M, Pisoni RL: The burden of amputation among hemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Am J Kidney Dis 54: 680–692, 2009
59. Zimmermann AJ, Bossard M, Aeschbacher S, Schoen T, Voellmin G, Suter Y, Lehmann A, Hochgruber T, Pumpol K, Sticherling C, Kühne M, Conen D, Kaufmann BA: Effects of sinus rhythm maintenance on left heart function after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: implications for tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 31: 36–43, 2015
60. Glotzer TV, Hellkamp AS, Zimmerman J, Sweeney MO, Yee R, Marinchak R, Cook J, Paraschos A, Love J, Radoslovich G, Lee KL, Lamas GA; MOST Investigators: Atrial high rate episodes detected by pacemaker diagnostics predict death and stroke: report of the Atrial Diagnostics Ancillary Study of the MOde Selection Trial (MOST). Circulation 107: 1614–1619, 2003
61. Healey JS, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Israel CW, Van Gelder IC, Capucci A, Lau CP, Fain E, Yang S, Bailleul C, Morillo CA, Carlson M, Themeles E, Kaufman ES, Hohnloser SH; ASSERT Investigators: Subclinical atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke. N Engl J Med 366: 120–129, 2012
62. Karthikeyan G, Ananthakrishnan R, Devasenapathy N, Narang R, Yadav R, Seth S, Singh S, Goswami KC, Bahl VK: Transient, subclinical atrial fibrillation and risk of systemic embolism in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 114: 869–874, 2014
63. Zimetbaum P, Waks JW, Ellis ER, Glotzer TV, Passman RS: Role of atrial fibrillation burden in assessing thromboembolic risk. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7: 1223–1229, 2014
64. Sanna T, Diener H-C, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, Rymer MM, Thijs V, Rogers T, Beckers F, Lindborg K, Brachmann J: Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 370: 2478–2486, 2014
65. Medtronic Inc. Reveal LINQ ICM Clinician Manual Available at http://manuals.medtronic.com/wcm/groups/mdtcom_sg/@emanuals/@era/@crdm/documents/documents/contrib_185856.pdf. Accessed July 15, 2015
66. Medtronic Inc. Reveal LINQ MRI Conditions for Use. 2015. Available at http://www.medtronicdiagnostics.com/us/cardiac-monitors/reveal-linq/reveal-linq-cardiac-monitor/mri-conditions-for-use/index.htm. Accessed August 31, 2015
67. Zimetbaum P, Goldman A: Ambulatory arrhythmia monitoring: Choosing the right device. Circulation 122: 1629–1636, 2010
68. Gladstone DJ, Sharma M, Spence JD; EMBRACE Steering Committee and Investigators: Cryptogenic stroke and atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 371: 1260, 2014
69. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH, Arensberg D, Baker A, Friedman L, Greene HL, Huther ML, Richardson DW; CAST Investigators: Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placeboThe Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 324: 781–788, 1991
70. Zimetbaus PJ, Josephson ME, Wylie JV: Management of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. UpToDate. 2015. Available ahttp://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-non-sustained-ventricular-tachycardia. Accessed June 1, 2015
71. Ganz LI: Sinus bradycardia. UpToDate. 2015. Available at http:/www.uptodate.com/contents/sinus-bradycardia. Accessed June 1, 2015
72. Newcombe RG: Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: Comparison of seven methods. Stat Med 17: 857– 872, 1998
73. Cook RJ, Lawless J: The Stastical Analysis of Recurrent Events, New York, Springer, 2007
74. Williams ME, Lacson E Jr, Teng M, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM: Hemodialyzed type I and type II diabetic patients in the US: Characteristics, glycemic control, and survival. Kidney Int 70: 1503–1509, 2006
75. Dumler F, McCullough PA: Optimal dialysis for the end-stage renal disease patient with cardiovascular disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 11: 261–273, 2004
76. Keeley EC, McCullough PA: Coronary revascularization in patients with end-stage renal disease: Risks, benefits, and optimal strategies. Rev Cardiovasc Med 4: 125–130, 2003
77. McCullough PA: Opportunities for improvement in the cardiovascular care of patients with end-stage renal disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 11: 294–303, 2004
78. Woo KT, Wong KS, Chan CM: Clinical trials of the past decade in the management of chronic kidney disease. Rev Recent Clin Trials 4: 159–162, 2009
79. Culleton BF, Asola MR: The impact of short daily and nocturnal hemodialysis on quality of life, cardiovascular risk and survivalJ Nephrol 24: 405–415, 2011
80. Kusumoto FM, Phillips R, Goldschlager N: Pacing therapy in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 11: 305–316, 2002
81. Prystowsky EN: Prevention of sudden cardiac death. Clin Cardio28[Suppl 1]: I12-I18, 2005
82. Yousuf O, Chrispin J, Tomaselli GF, Berger RD: Clinical management and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Circ Res 1162020–2040, 2015
83. Wase A, Basit A, Nazir R, Jamal A, Shah S, Khan T, Mohiuddin IWhite C, Saklayen M, McCullough PA: Impact of chronic kidney disease upon survival among implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 11: 199– 204, 2004