Effective River Restoration in the 21st Century: From Trial and Error to Novel Evidence-Based Approaches

Advances in Ecological Research

Volumn 55, Issue , 2016, Pages 535-611

  Friberg, N ^a,b   Angelopoulos, N V ^c   Buijse, A D ^d   Cowx, I G ^c   Kail, J ^e   Moe, T F ^a   Moir, H ^f   O'Hare, M T ^g   Verdonschot, P F M ^h   Wolter, C ⁱ  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^d DELTARES   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

^f cbec eco engineering Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^g CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^h WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

ⁱ IGB   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Catchment; Ecosystem; Hydromorphology; Reform; Water Framework Directive

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008701975     PISSN: 00652504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.010     Document Type: Chapter

References (212)

1. Aarts, B.G.W., van den Brink, F.W.B., Nienhius, P.H., Habitat loss as the main cause of the slow recovery of fish faunas of regulated large rivers in Europe: the transversal floodplain gradient. River Res. Appl. 20 (2004), 3–23.
2. Adams, V.M., lvarez-Romero, J.G.A., Carwardine, J., Cattarino, L., Hermoso, V., Kennard, M.J., Linke, S., Pressey, R.L., Stoeckl, N., Planning across freshwater and terrestrial realms: cobenefits and tradeoffs between conservation actions. Conserv. Lett. 7 (2014), 425–440.
3. Alexander, G.G., Allan, J.D., Stream restoration in the Upper Midwest, U.S.A. Restor. Ecol. 14 (2006), 595–604.
4. Anderson, D.H., Bousquin, S.G., Williams, G.E., Colangelo, D.J., (eds.) Defining success: expectations for restoration of the Kissimmee River, 2005, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL Technical Publication ERA #433.
5. Angelopoulos, N.V., Cowx, I.G., Smith, M., Buijse, T., Smits, S., van Geest, G., Wolter, C., Slawson, D., Nichersu, I., Constantinescu, A., Staras, M., Feodot, I., Bund, W., Brouwer, R., Gonzalez, M., Garcia de Jalon, D., Effects of climate and land use changes on river ecosystems and restoration practise. Part 1 Main report. REFORM D5.3, 2015.
6. Arlinghaus, R., Engelhardt, C., Sukhodolov, A., Wolter, C., Fish recruitment in a canal with intensive navigation: implications for ecosystem management. J. Fish Biol. 61 (2002), 1386–1402.
7. Ayres, A., Gerdes, H., Goeller, B., Lago, M., Catalinas, M., Cantón, Á.G., Brouwer, R., Sheremet, O., Vermaat, J., Angelopoulos, N., Cowx, I., Inventory of the cost of river degradation and the socio-economic aspects and costs and benefits of river restoration. 2014 REFORM D1.4.
8. Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Göthe, E., Riis, T., O'Hare, M.T., Functional trait composition of aquatic plants can serve to disentangle multiple interacting stressors in lowland streams. Sci. Total Environ. 543 (2015), 230–238.
9. Bal, K.D., Bouma, T.J., Buis, K., Struyf, E., Jonas, S., Backx, H., Meire, P., Trade-off between drag reduction and light interception of macrophytes: comparing five aquatic plants with contrasting morphology. Funct. Ecol. 25 (2011), 1197–1205.
10. Balon, E.K., Reproductive guilds of fishes: a proposal and definition. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32:6 (1975), 821–864.
11. Bash, J.S., Ryan, C.M., Stream restoration and enhancement projects: is anyone monitoring?. Environ. Manag. 29 (2002), 877–885.
12. Beauger, A., Lair, N., Reyes-Marchant, P., Peiry, J.L., The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier (France), in relation to riverbed characteristics. Hydrobiologia 571 (2006), 63–76.
13. Beche, L.A., McElravy, E.P., Resh, V.H., Long-term seasonal variation in the biological traits of benthic macroinvertebrates in two Mediterranean-climate streams in California, USA. Freshw. Biol. 51 (2006), 56–75.
14. Beechie, T.J., Sear, D.A., Olden, J.D., Pess, G.R., Buffington, J.M., Moir, H., Roni, P., Pollock, M.M., Process-based principles for restoring river ecosystems. BioScience 60:3 (2010), 209–222.
15. Bernez, I., Chicouène, D., Haury, J., Changes of Potamogeton pectinatus clumps under variable, artificially flooded river water regimes. Belg. J. Bot. 140 (2007), 51–59.
16. Bernhardt, E.S., Palmer, M.A., Allan, J.D., Alexander, G., Barnas, K., Brooks, S., Carr, J., Clayton, S., Dahm, C., Follstad-Shah, J., Galat, D., Gloss, S., Goodwin, P., Hart, D., Hassett, B., Jenkinson, R., Katz, S., Kondolf, G.M., Lake, P.S., Lave, R., Meyer, J.L., O'Donnell, T.K., Pagano, L., Powell, B., Sudduth, E., Synthesizing US river restoration efforts. Science 308:5722 (2005), 636–637.
17. Biggs, B.J.F., Hydraulic habitat of plants in streams. Regul. Rivers Res. Manag. 12 (1996), 131–144.
18. Biggs, B.J.F., Smith, R.A., Taxonomic richness of stream benthic algae: effects of flood disturbance and nutrients. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47 (2002), 1175–1186.
19. Biggs, B.J.F., Smith, R.A., Duncan, M.J., Velocity and sediment disturbance of periphyton in headwater streams: biomass and metabolism. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 18 (1999), 222–241.
20. Bond, N.R., Lake, P.S., Local habitat restoration in streams: constraints on the effectiveness of restoration for stream biota. Ecol. Manag. Restor. 4 (2003), 193–198.
21. Borchardt, D., Effects of flow and refugia on drift loss of benthic macroinvertebrates: implications for habitat restoration in lowland streams. Freshw. Biol. 29 (1993), 221–227.
22. Borgström, S., Zachrisson, A., Eckerberg, K., Funding ecological restoration policy in practice—patterns of short-termism and regional biases. Land Use Policy 52 (2016), 439–453.
23. Bornette, G., Puijalon, S., Response of aquatic plants to abiotic factors: a review. Aquat. Sci. 73 (2011), 1–14.
24. Brierley, G.J., Fryirs, K.A., River Futures: An Integrative Scientific Approach to River Repair. 2008, Island Press, Washington, DC.
25. Brouwer, R., Pearce, D., Cost-Benefit Analysis and Water Resources Management. 2005, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK.
26. Brouwer, R., Barton, D., Bateman, I., Brander, L., Georgiou, S., Martin-Ortega, J., Navrud, S., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Schaafsma, M., Wagtendonk, A., Economic valuation of environmental and resource costs and benefits in the water framework directive: technical guidelines for practitioners. Project report, 2009.
27. Bryce, S.A., Lomnicky, G.A., Kaufmann, P.R., Protecting sediment-sensitive aquatic species in mountain streams through the application of biologically based streambed sediment criteria. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 29 (2010), 657–672.
28. Buijse, A.D., Klijn, F., Leuven, R.S.E.W., Middelkoop, H., Schiemer, F., Thorp, J.H., Wolfert, H.P., Rehabitation of large rivers: references, achievements and integration into river management. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 155:Large Rivers 15 (2005), 715–738 http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/15/2003/715.
29. Buss, D., Baptista, D., Nessimian, J., Egler, M., Substrate specificity, environmental degradation and disturbance structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in neotropical streams. Hydrobiologia 518 (2004), 179–188.
30. Chambers, P.A., Prepas, E.E., Hamilton, H.R., Bothwell, M.L., Current velocity and its effect on aquatic macrophytes in flowing waters. Ecol. Appl. 1 (1991), 249–257.
31. Charvet, S., Statzner, B., Usseglio-Polatera, P., Dumont, B., Traits of benthic macroinvertebrates in semi-natural French streams: an initial application to biomonitoring in Europe. Freshw. Biol. 43 (2000), 277–296.
32. Choi, Y.D., Theories for ecological restoration in changing environment: towards ‘futuristic’ restoration. Ecol. Res. 19 (2004), 75–81.
33. CIS, WFD and Hydro-morphological pressures, Policy paper. Focus on hydropower, navigation and flood defence activities. Recommendation for better policy integration. 2007 44 pp.
34. Clewell, A., Aronson, J., Ecological Restoration: Principles, Values, and Structure of an Emerging Profession. 2008, Island Press, Washington.
35. Convention on Biological Diversity, Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020. Convention on Biological Diversity. 2010 https://www.cbd.int/sp/default.shtml.
36. Costello, M.J., Claus, S., Dekeyzer, S., Vandepitte, L., Tuama, E.O., Lear, D., Tyler-Walters, H., Biological and ecological traits of marine species. PeerJ, 3, 2015, e1201, 10.7717/peerj.1201 1–29.
37. Cowx, I.G., Strategic approach to fishery rehabilitation. Cowx, I.G., (eds.) Rehabilitation of Freshwater Fisheries. Fishing News Book, 1994, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd, Oxford, 3–10.
38. Cowx, I.G., Welcomme, R.L., Rehabilitation of Rivers for Fish. 1998, Fishing News Books, Oxford.
39. Cowx, I.G., Angelopoulos, N., Noble, R.A., Slawson, D., Buijse, T., Wolter, C., Measuring success of river restoration actions using end-points and benchmarking. 2013 Deliverable REFORM D5.1 available at http://reformrivers.eu.
40. Crisp, D.T., Environmental requirements of common riverine European salmonid fish species in fresh water with particular reference to physical and chemical aspects. Hydrobiologia 323 (1996), 201–221.
41. Dawson, E.H., Water flow and the vegetation of running water. Symoens, J.J., (eds.) Vegetation of Inland Waters, 1988, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 283–309.
42. Demars, B.O.L., Kemp, J.L., Friberg, N., Usseglio-Polatera, P., Harper, D.M., Linking biotopes to invertebrates in rivers: biological traits, taxonomic composition and diversity. Ecol. Indic. 23 (2012), 301–311.
43. DeVries, P., Riverine salmonid egg burial depths: review of published data and implications for scour studies. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54:8 (1997), 1685–1698.
44. Dickman, M.D., Peart, M.R., Yim, W.W.-S., Benthic diatoms as indicators of stream sediment concentration in Hong Kong. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 90 (2005), 412–421.
45. Dolédec, S., Statzner, B., Bournard, M., Species traits for future biomonitoring across ecoregions: patterns along a human-impacted river. Freshw. Biol. 42 (1999), 737–758.
46. Dolédec, S., Lamouroux, N., Fuchs, U., Mérigoux, S., Modelling the hydraulic preferences of benthic macroinvertebrates in small European streams. Freshw. Biol. 52 (2007), 145–164.
47. Downs, P.W., Kondolf, G.M., Post-project appraisals in adaptive management of river channel restoration. Environ. Manag. 29:4 (2002), 477–496.
48. Duan, X., Wang, Z., Xu, M., Zhang, K., Effect of streambed sediment on benthic ecology. Int. J. Sediment Res. 24 (2009), 325–338.
49. Ecke, F., Hellsten, S., Köhler, J., Lorenz, A.W., Rääpysjärvi, J., Scheunig, S., Segersten, J., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., The response of hydrophyte growth forms and plant strategies to river restoration. Hydrobiologia 769 (2016), 41–54.
50. EEA, European waters—assessment of status and pressures. EEA Report No 8/2012, 2012, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen.
51. Ellis, J.I., Schneider, D.C., Evaluation of a gradient sampling design for environmental impact assessment. Environ. Monit. Assess. 48 (1997), 157–172.
52. England, J., Skinner, K.S., Carter, M.G., Monitoring, river restoration and the Water Framework Directive. Water Environ. J. 22 (2007), 227–234.
53. European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020. 2011, European Commission.
54. Everard, M., Why does ‘good ecological status’ matter?. Water Environ. J. 26 (2012), 165–174.
55. FAO, Inland fisheries. 1. Rehabilitation of inland waters for fisheries. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries 6 (Suppl. 1), Rome, 2008.
56. Fehér, J., Gáspár, J., Szurdiné-Veres, K., Kiss, A., Kristensen, P., Peterlin, M., Globevnik, L., Kirn, T., Semerádová, S., Künitzer, A., Stein, U., Austnes, K., Spiteri, C., Prins, T., Laukkonen, E., Heiskanen, A.-S., Hydromorphological alterations and pressures in European rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters. Thematic assessment for EEA Water 2012 Report. European Topic Centre on Inland, Coastal and Marine Waters, Prague, ETC/ICM Technical Report 2/2012, 2012.
57. Feld, C.K., Birk, S., Bradley, D.C., Hering, D., Kai, l.J., Marzin, A., Melcher, A., Nemitz, D., Pedersen, M.L., Pletterbauer, F., Pont, D., Verdonschot, P.F.M., Friberg, N., From natural to degraded rivers and back again: a test of restoration ecology theory and practice. Adv. Ecol. Res. 44 (2011), 119–209.
58. FISRWG (Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group), Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. 1998, USDA, Washington, DC GPO Item No. 0120-A.
59. Foley, J.A., DeFries, R., Asner, G.P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S.R., Chapin, F.S., Coe, M.T., Daily, G.C., Gibbs, H.K., Helkowski, J.H., Holloway, T., Howard, E.A., Kucharik, C.J., Monfreda, C., Patz, J.A., Prentice, I.C., Ramankutty, N., Snyder, P.K., Global consequences of land use. Science 309 (2005), 570–574.
60. Folkard, A.M., Vegetated flows in their environmental context: a review. Proc. Inst. Civil. Eng. 164 (2011), 3–24.
61. Friberg, N., Ecological consequences of river channel management. Ferrier, R.C., Jenkins, A., (eds.) Handbook of Catchment Management, 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK, 77–106.
62. Friberg, N., Impacts and indicators of change in lotic ecosystem. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Water 1 (2014), 513–531.
63. Friberg, N., Kronvang, B., Svendsen, L.M., Hansen, H.O., Nielsen, M.B., Restoration of channellized reach of the River Gelså, Denmark. Effects on the macroinvertebrate community. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshwat. Ecosyst. 4 (1994), 289–297.
64. Friberg, N., O'Hare, M.T., Poulsen, A.M., Impacts of hydromorphological degradation and disturbed sediment dynamics on ecological status. 2013 Deliverable REFORM D3.1 available at http://reformrivers.eu.
65. Frissell, C.A., Liss, W.J., Warren, C.E., Hurley, M.D., A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: viewing streams in a watershed context. Environ. Manag. 12 (1986), 199–214.
66. Gabel, F., Garcia, X.F., Schnauder, I., Pusch, M., Effects of ship-induced waves on littoral benthic invertebrates. Freshw. Biol. 57 (2012), 2425–2435.
67. Garcia de Jalón, D., Alonso, C., et al. Review on pressure effects on hydromorphological variables and ecologically relevant processes. 2013 Deliverable REFORM D1.2 available at http://reformrivers.eu.
68. Gibbins, C., Batalla, R.J., Vericat, D., Invertebrate drift and benthic exhaustion during disturbance: response of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) to increasing shear stress and river-bed instability. River Res. Appl. 26 (2010), 499–511.
69. Gibbins, C.N., Vericat, D., Batalla, R.J., Buendia, C., Which variables should be used to link invertebrate drift to river hydraulic conditions?. Fundam. Appl. Limnol. 187 (2016), 191–205.
70. Glendell, M., Extence, C., Chadd, R., Brazier, R.E., Testing the pressure-specific invertebrate index (PSI) as a tool for determining ecological relevant targets for reducing sedimentation in streams. Freshw. Biol. 59 (2014), 353–367.
71. Göthe, E., Timmermann, A., Januschke, K., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Structural and functional response of floodplain vegetation to stream ecosystem restoration. Hydrobiologia 769 (2016), 79–92.
72. Gurnell, A., Plants as river system engineers. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 39:1 (2014), 4–25.
73. Haase, P., Hering, D., Jähnig, S.C., Lorenz, A.W., Sundermann, A., The impact of hydromorphological restoration on river ecological status: a comparison of fish, benthic invertebrates, and macrophytes. Hydrobiologia 704 (2013), 475–488.
74. Halpern, B.S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R., A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319 (2008), 948–952.
75. Hammer, C., Fatigue and exercise tests with fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 112 (1995), 1–20.
76. Hammond, D., Mant, J., Holloway, J., Elbourne, N., Janes, M., Practical river restoration appraisal guidance for monitoring options (PRAGMO). 2011, River Restoration Centre, Cranfield, UK.
77. Harding, J.S., Benfield, E.F., Bolstad, P.V., Helfman, G.S., Jones, E.B.D., Stream biodiversity: the ghost of land use past. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (1998), 14843–14847.
78. Hart, K., Allen, B., Linder, M., Keenleyside, C., Burgess, P., Eggers, J., Buckwell, A., Land as an Environmental Resource. Report Prepared for DG Environment, Contract No ENV.B.1/ETU/2011/0029, 2012, Institute for European Environmental Policy, London.
79. Hauer, C., Unfer, G., Graf, W., Leitner, P., Zeiringer, B., Habersack, H., Hydro-morphologically related variance in benthic drift and its importance for numerical habitat modelling. Hydrobiologia 683 (2012), 83–108.
80. Heino, J., The importance of metacommunity ecology for environmental assessment research in the freshwater realm. Biol. Rev. 88 (2013), 166–178.
81. Hering, D., Aroviita, J., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Brabec, K., Buijse, T., Ecke, F., Friberg, N., Gielczewski, M., Januschke, K., Köhler, J., Kupilas, B., Lorenz, A.W., Muhar, S., Paillex, A., Poppe, M., Schmidt, T., Schmutz, S., Vermaat, J., Verdonschot, P., Verdonschot, R., Wolter, C., Kail, J., Contrasting the roles of section length and instream habitat enhancement for river restoration success: a field study on 20 European restoration projects. J. Appl. Ecol. 52 (2015), 1518–1527.
82. Heywood, M.J.T., Walling, D.E., The sedimentation of Salmonid spawning gravels in the Hampshire Avon catchment, UK: implications for the dissolved oxygen content of intragravel water and embryo survival. Hydrol. Process. 21 (2007), 770–788.
83. Hines, S.L., Hershey, A.E., Do channel restoration structures promote ammonium uptake and improve macroinvertebrate-based water quality classification in urban streams?. Inland Waters 1 (2011), 133–145.
84. Hobbs, R.J., Hallett, L.M., Ehrlich, P.R., Mooney, H.A., Intervention ecology: applying ecological science in the twenty-first century. BioScience 61:6 (2011), 442–450.
85. Holomuzki, J.R., Biggs, B.J.F., Taxon-specific responses to high-flow disturbance in streams: implications for population persistence. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 19 (2000), 670–679.
86. Hughes, J.M., Constraints on recovery: using molecular methods to study connectivity of aquatic biota in rivers and streams. Freshw. Biol. 52 (2007), 616–631.
87. Iversen, T.M., Kronvang, B., Madsen, B.L., Markmann, P., Nielsen, M.B., Re-establishment of Danish streams: restoration and maintenance measures. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshwat. Ecosyst. 3:2 (1993), 73–92.
88. Jackson, M.C., Weyl, O.L.F., Altermatt, F., Durance, I., Friberg, N., Dumbrell, A.J., Piggott, J.J., Tiegs, S.D., Tockner, K., Krug, C.B., Leadley, P.W., Woodward, G., Recommendations for the next generation of global freshwater biological monitoring tools. Adv. Ecol. Res. 55 (2016), 615–636.
89. Jähnig, S.C., Brunzel, S., Gacek, S., Lorenz, A.W., Hering, D., Effects of re-braiding measures on hydromorphology, floodplain vegetation, ground beetles and benthic invertebrates in mountain rivers. J. Appl. Ecol. 46 (2009), 406–416.
90. Jähnig, S.C., Brabec, K., Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Lorenz, A.W., Ofenböck, T., Verdonschot, P.F.M., Hering, D., A comparative analysis of restoration measures and their effects on hydromorphology and benthic invertebrates in 26 central and southern European rivers. J. Appl. Ecol. 47 (2010), 671–680.
91. Jähnig, S.C., Lorenz, A.W., Hering, D., Antons, C., Sundermann, A., Jedicke, E., Haase, P., River restoration success: a question of perception. Ecol. Appl. 21 (2011), 2007–2015.
92. Janauer, G.A., Schmidt-Mumm, U., Schmidt, B., Aquatic macrophytes and water current velocity in the Danube River. Ecol. Eng. 36 (2010), 1138–1145.
93. Januschke, K., Verdonschot, R.C.M., Effects of river restoration on riparian ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Europe. Hydrobiologia 769 (2016), 93–104.
94. Januschke, K., Sundermann, A., Antons, C., Haase, P., Lorenz, A.W., Hering, D., Untersuchung und Auswertung von ausgewählten Renaturierungsbeispielen repräsentativer Fließgewässertypen der Flusseinzugsgebiete Deutschlands. Verbesserung der biologischen Vielfalt in Fließgewässern und ihren Auen. Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Rates für Landespflege 82 (2009), 23–39.
95. Januschke, K., Brunzel, S., Haase, P., Hering, D., Effects of stream restorations on riparian mesohabitats, vegetation and carabid beetles: a synopsis of 24 cases from Germany. Biodivers. Conserv. 20 (2011), 3147–3164.
96. Johnson, G.E., Thom, R.M., Whiting, A.H., Sutherland, G.B., Berquam, T., Ebberts, B.D., Ricci, N.M., Southard, J.A., Wilcox, J.D., An ecosystem-based approach to habitat restoration projects with emphasis on salmonids in the California River estuary. Report no.PNNL-14412, 2003, Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington.
97. Jones, J.I., Duerdoth, C.P., Collins, A.L., Naden, P.S., Sear, D.A., Interactions between diatoms and fine sediment. Hydrol. Process. 28 (2014), 1226–1237.
98. Jowett, I.G., Hydraulic constraints on habitat suitability for benthic invertebrates in gravel-bed rivers. River Res. Appl. 19 (2003), 495–507.
99. Jowett, I.G., Biggs, B.J.F., Flood and velocity effects on periphyton and silt accumulation in two New Zealand rivers. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 31 (1997), 287–300.
100. Julien, H.P., Bergeron, N.E., Effect of fine sediment infiltration during the incubation period on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryo survival. Hydrobiologia 563 (2006), 61–71.
101. Jungwirth, M., Muhar, S., Schmutz, S., Fundamentals of fish ecological integrity and their relation to the extended serial discontinuity concept. Hydrobiologia 422:423 (2000), 85–97.
102. Kail, J., Wolter, C., Analysis and evaluation of large-scale river restoration planning in Germany to better link river research and management. River Res. Appl. 27 (2011), 985–999.
103. Kail, J., Hering, D., Muhar, S., Gerhard, M., Preis, S., The use of large wood in stream restoration: experiences from 50 projects in Germany and Austria. J. Appl. Ecol. 44:6 (2007), 1145–1155.
104. Kail, J., Arle, J., Jähnig, S.C., Limiting factors and thresholds for macroinvertebrate assemblages in European rivers: empirical evidence from three datasets on water quality, catchment urbanization, and river restoration. Ecol. Indic. 18 (2012), 62–72.
105. Kail, J., Lorenz, A.W., Hering, D., Effects of large- and small-scale river restoration on hydromorphology and ecology. 2014 Deliverable REFORM D4.3 available at http://reformrivers.eu http://www.reformrivers.eu/system/files/4.3%20Effects%20of%20large-%20and%20small-scale%20restoration.pdf.
106. Kail, J., Brabec, K., Poppe, M., Januschke, K., The effect of river restoration on fish, macroinvertebrates and aquatic macrophytes: a meta-analysis. Ecol. Indic. 58 (2015), 311–321.
107. Kondolf, G.M., Wolman, M.G., The sizes of salmonid spawning gravels. Water Resour. Res. 29 (1993), 2275–2285.
108. Kondolf, G., Yang, C.N., Planning river restoration projects: social and cultural dimensions. Darby, S., Sear, D., (eds.) River Restoration: Managing the Uncertainty in Restoring Physical Habitat, 2008, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 43–60.
109. Kondolf, G.M., Smeltzer, M.W., Railsback, S.F., Design and performance of a channel reconstruction project in a coastal California gravel-bed stream. Environ. Manag. 28:6 (2001), 761–776.
110. Kondolf, G.M., Boulton, A.J., O'Daniel, S., Poole, G.C., Rahel, F.J., Stanley, E.H., Wohl, E., Bång, A., Carlstrom, J., Cristoni, C., Huber, H., Koljonen, S., Louhi, P., Nakamura, K., Process-based ecological river restoration: visualizing three dimensional connectivity and dynamic vectors to recover lost linkages. Ecol. Soc., 11, 2006, 5.
111. Kristensen, P.B., Kristensen, E.A., Riis, T., Baisner, A.J., Larsen, S.E., Verdonschot, P.F.M., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Riparian forest as a management tool for moderating future thermal conditions of lowland temperate streams. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. 10:5 (2013), 6081–6106.
112. Kupilas, B., Friberg, N., McKie, B.G., Jochmann, M.A., Lorenz, A.W., Hering, D., River restoration and the trophic structure of benthic invertebrate communities across 16 European restoration projects. Hydrobiologia 769 (2016), 105–120, 10.1007/s10750-015-2569.
113. Leibold, M.A., Holyoak, M., Mouquet, N., Amarasekare, P., Chase, J.M., Hoopes, M.F., Holt, R.D., Shurin, J.B., Law, R., Tilman, D., Loreau, M., Gonzalez, A., The metacommunity concept: a framework for multi-scale community ecology. Ecol. Lett. 7 (2004), 601–613.
114. Lepori, F., Palm, D., Brännäs, E., Malmquist, B., Does restoration of structural heterogeneity in streams enhance fish and macroinvertebrate diversity?. Ecol. Appl. 15 (2005), 2060–2071.
115. Leps, M., Tonkin, J.D., Dahm, V., Haase, P., Sundermann, A., Disentangling environmental drivers of benthic invertebrate assemblages: the role of spatial scale and riverscape heterogeneity in a multiple stressor environment. Sci. Total Environ. 536 (2015), 546–556.
116. Letcher, R.A., Giupponi, C., Policies and tools for sustainable water management in the European Union. Environ. Model. Software 20 (2005), 93–98.
117. Lorenz, A.W., Korte, T., Sundermann, A., Januschke, K., Haase, P., Macrophytes respond to reach-scale river restorations. J. Appl. Ecol. 49 (2012), 202–212.
118. Lorenz, S., Martinez-Fernández, V., Alonso, C., Mosselman, E., García de Jalón, D., González del Tánago, M., Belletti, B., Hendriks, D., Wolter, C., Fuzzy cognitive mapping for predicting hydromorphological responses to multiple pressures in rivers. J. Appl. Ecol. 53 (2016), 559–566, 10.1111/1365-2664.12569.
119. Madsen, J.D., Chambers, P.A., James, W.F., Koch, E.W., Westlake, D.F., The interaction between water movement, sediment dynamics and submersed macrophytes. Hydrobiologia 444 (2001), 71–84.
120. Matthaei, C.D., Guggelberger, C., Huber, H., Local disturbance history affects patchiness of benthic river algae. Freshw. Biol. 48 (2003), 1514–1526.
121. Maxted, J.R., Evans, B.F., Scarsbrook, M.R., Development of standard protocols for macroinvertebrate assessment of soft-bottomed streams in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 37 (2003), 793–807.
122. Mcgill, B.J., Enquist, B.J., Weiher, E., Westoby, M., Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21 (2006), 178–185.
123. Menezes, S., Baird, D.J., Soares, A., Beyond taxonomy: a review of macroinvertebrate trait-based community descriptors as tools for freshwater biomonitoring. J. Appl. Ecol. 47 (2010), 711–719.
124. Mérigoux, S., Dolédec, S., Hydraulic requirements of stream communities: a case study on invertebrates. Freshw. Biol. 49 (2004), 600–613.
125. Mérigoux, S., Lamouroux, N., Olivier, J.M., Dolédec, S., Invertebrate hydraulic preferences and predicted impacts of changes in discharge in a large river. Freshw. Biol. 54 (2009), 1343–1356.
126. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. 2005, Island Press, Washington, DC.
127. Miller, S.W., Budy, P., Schmidt, J.C., Quantifying macroinvertebrate responses to in-stream habitat restoration: applications of meta-analysis to river restoration. Restor. Ecol. 18 (2010), 8–19.
128. Möbes-Hansen, B., Waringer, J.A., The influence of hydraulic stress on microdistribution patterns of zoobenthos in a sandstone brook (Weidlingbach, Lower Austria). Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 83 (1998), 381–396.
129. O'Hare, M.T., Hutchinson, K.A., Clarke, R.T., The drag and reconfiguration experienced by five macrophytes from a lowland river. Aquat. Bot. 86 (2007), 253–259.
130. O'Hare, J.M., O'Hare, M.T., Gurnell, A.M., Dunbar, M.J., Scarlett, P.M., Laizé, C., Physical constraints on the distribution of macrophytes linked with flow and sediment dynamics in British rivers. River Res. Appl. 27 (2011), 671–683.
131. Ormerod, S.J., A golden age of river restoration science?. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshwat. Ecosyst. 14 (2004), 543–549.
132. Osenberg, C.W., Sarnelle, O., Cooper, S.D., Effect size in ecological experiments: the application of biological models in meta-analysis. Am. Nat. 150 (1997), 798–812.
133. Palmer, M.A., Ruhl, J.B., Aligning restoration science and the law to sustain ecological infrastructure for the future. Front. Ecol. Environ. 13:9 (2015), 512–519.
134. Palmer, M.A., Ambrose, R.F., Poff, N.L., Ecological theory and community restoration ecology. Restor. Ecol. 4 (1997), 291–300.
135. Palmer, M.A., Bernhardt, E., Chornesky, E., Collins, S., Dobson, A., Duke, C., Gold, B., Jacobson, R., Kingsland, S., Kranz, R., Mappin, M., Martinez, M.L., Micheli, F., Morse, J., Pace, M., Pascual, M., Palumbi, S., Reichman, O.J., Simons, A., Townsend, A., Turner, M., Ecology for a crowded planet. Science 304 (2004), 1251–1252.
136. Palmer, M.A., Bernhardt, E.S., Allan, J.D., Lake, P.S., Alexander, G., Brooks, S., Carr, J., Clayton, S., Dahm, C., Follstad Shah, J., Galat, D.J., Gloss, S., Goodwin, P., Hart, D.H., Hassett, B., Jenkinson, R., Kondolf, G.M., Lave, R., Meyer, J.L., O'Donnell, T.K., Pagano, L., Srivastava, P., Sudduth, E., Standards for ecologically successful river restoration. J. Appl. Ecol. 42 (2005), 208–217.
137. Palmer, M.A., Menninger, H., Bernhardt, E.S., River restoration, habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity: a failure of theory or practice?. Freshw. Biol. 55 (2010), 205–222.
138. Palmer, M.A., Hondula, K.L., Koch, B.J., Ecological restoration of streams and rivers: shifting strategies and shifting goals. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 45 (2014), 247–269.
139. Pan, B.Z., Wang, Z.Y., Xu, M.Z., Macroinvertebrates in abandoned channels: assemblage characteristics and their indications for channel management. River Res. Appl. 28 (2012), 1149–1160.
140. Parmesan, C., Yohe, G., A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421 (2003), 37–42.
141. Pasternack, G.B., Spawning habitat rehabilitation: advances in analysis tools. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 65 (2008), 321–348.
142. Pedersen, M.L., Friberg, N., Spatio-temporal variations in substratum stability and macroinvertebrates in lowland stream riffles. Aquat. Ecol. 41 (2007), 475–490.
143. Pedersen, M.L., Kristensen, K.K., Friberg, N., Re-meandering of lowland streams: will disobeying the laws of geomorphology have ecological consequences?. PLoS One, 9, 2014, e108558 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108558.
144. Poppe, M., Kail, J., Aroviita, J., Stelmaszczyk, M., Giełczewski, M., Muhar, S., Assessing restoration effects on hydromorphology in European mid-sized rivers by key hydromorphological parameters. Hydrobiologia 769 (2015), 21–40.
145. Possingham, H., How can we sell evaluating, analyzing and synthesizing to young scientists. Commentary. Anim. Conserv. 15 (2012), 229–230.
146. Pretty, J.L., Harrison, S.S.C., Shepherd, D.J., Smith, C., Hildrew, A.G., Hey, R.D., River rehabilitation and fish populations: assessing the benefit of instream structures. J. Appl. Ecol. 40 (2003), 251–265.
147. Puijalon, S., Bornette, G., Sagnes, P., Adaptations to increasing hydraulic stress: morphology, hydrodynamics and fitness of two higher aquatic plant species. J. Exp. Bot. 56 (2005), 777–786.
148. Rabeni, C.F., Doisy, K.E., Zweig, L.D., Stream invertebrate community functional responses to deposited sediment. Aquat. Sci. 67 (2005), 395–402.
149. Radinger, J., Wolter, C., Disentangling the effects of habitat suitability, dispersal and fragmentation on river fish distribution. Ecol. Appl. 25 (2015), 914–927.
150. Reice, S.R., The role of substratum in benthic macroinvertebrate microdistribution and litter decomposition in a woodland stream. Ecology 61 (1980), 580–590.
151. Reichert, P., Langhans, S.D., Lienert, J., Schuwirth, N., The conceptual foundation of environmental decision support. J. Environ. Manage. 154 (2015), 316–332.
152. Richardson, C.J., Flanagan, N.E., Ho, M., Pahl, J.W., Integrated stream and wetland restoration: a watershed approach to improved water quality on the landscape. Ecol. Eng. 37:1 (2011), 25–39.
153. Riedl, C., Peter, A., Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth. Ecol. Freshw. Fish 22 (2013), 384–397.
154. Riis, T.B., Biggs, B.J.F., Hydrologic and hydraulic control of macrophyte establishment and performance in streams. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48 (2003), 1488–1497.
155. Rinaldi, M., Gurnell, A.M., Gonzalez del Tanago, M., Bussettini, M., Hendriks, D., Classification of river morphology and hydrology to support management and restoration. Aquat. Sci. 78 (2016), 17–33.
156. Roni, P., Beechie, T., Stream and Watershed Restoration—A Guide to Restoring Riverine Processes and Habitats. 2013, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester.
157. Roni, P., Beechie, T.J., Bilby, R.E., Leonetti, F.E., Pollock, M.M., Pess, G.R., A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing restoration in Pacific Northwest watersheds. N. Am. J. Fish Manag. 22 (2002), 1–20.
158. Roni, P., Hanson, K., Beechie, T., Global review of the physical and biological effectiveness of stream habitat rehabilitation techniques. N. Am. J. Fish Manag. 28 (2008), 856–890.
159. Roth, N.E., Allan, J.D., Erickson, D.L., Landscape influences on stream biotic integrity assessed at multiple spatial scales. Landsc. Ecol. 11 (1996), 141–156.
160. RRC, Practical River Restoration Appraisal Guidance for Monitoring Options (PRAGMO). Guidance document on sustainable monitoring for river and floodplain restoration projects, 2011 http://www.therrc.co.uk/PRAGMO/PRAGMO_2012-01-24.pdf.
161. Rumps, J.M., Katz, S.L., Morehead, M.D., Jenkinson, R., Goodwin, P., Stream restoration in the Pacific Northwest: analysis of interviews with project managers. Restor. Ecol. 15 (2007), 506–515.
162. Sala, O.E., Chapin, F.S., Armesto, J.J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., Huber-Sanwald, E., Huenneke, L.F., Jackson, R.B., Kinzig, A., Leemans, R., Lodge, D.M., Mooney, H.A., Oesterheid, M., Poff, N.L., Sykes, M.T., Walker, B.H., Walker, M., Wall, D.H., Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287 (2000), 1770–1774.
163. Sanderson, E.W., Jaiteh, M., Levy, M.A., Redford, K.H., Wannebo, A.V., Woolmer, G., The human footprint and the last of the wild. BioScience, 52, 2002, 14.
164. Sand-Jensen, K., Pedersen, M.L., Streamlining of plant patches in streams. Freshw. Biol. 53 (2008), 714–726.
165. SCBD—Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. 2010, Secretariat of the CBD, Montréal.
166. Schmutz, S., Kremser, H., Melcher, A., Jungwirth, M., Muhar, S., Waidbacher, H., Zauner, G., Ecological effects of rehabilitation measures at the Austrian Danube: a meta-analysis of fish assemblages. Hydrobiologia 729 (2014), 49–60.
167. Schmutz, S., Jurajda, P., Kaufmann, S., Lorenz, A.W., Muhar, S., Paillex, A., Poppe, M., Wolter, C., Response of fish assemblages to hydromorphological restoration in central and northern European rivers. Hydrobiologia 769 (2016), 67–78.
168. Schutten, J., Dainty, J., Davy, A.J., Root anchorage and its significance for submerged plants in shallow lakes. J. Ecol. 93 (2005), 556–571.
169. Sedgwick, R.W., Manual of best practice for fisheries impact assessments. 2006 Science Report SC020025/SR.
170. SER, http://ser.org/resources/resources-detail-view/ser-international-primer-on-ecological-restoration#3, 2004.
171. Shamier, N., Johnstone, C., Whiles, D., Cochrane, D., Moore, K., Lenane, R., Ryder, S., Betts, V., Horton, B., Donovan, C., Harding, E., Bennett, R., Moseley, R., Water appraisal guidance: assessing costs and benefits for River Basin management planning. 2013 pp. 77 http://www.ecrr.org/Portals/27/Publications/Water%20Appraisal%20Guidance.pdf.
172. Singh, J., Gusain, O.P., Gusain, M.P., Benthic insect-substratum relationship along an altitudinal gradient in a Himalayan stream, India. Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 36 (2010), 215–231.
173. Smith, B., Clifford, N.J., Mant, J., The changing nature of river restoration. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Water 1 (2014), 249–261.
174. Söhngen, B., Koop, J., Knight, S., Rythönen, J., Beckwith, P., Ferrari, N., Iribarren, J., Kevin, T., Wolter, C., Maynord, S., Considerations to Reduce Environmental Impacts of Vessels. PIANC Report 99, 2008, PIANC, Brussels.
175. Solheim, A.L., Austnes, K., Peterlin, M., Kodeš, V., Filippi, R., Semerádová, S., Prchalová, H., Künitzer, A., Spiteri, C., Prins, T., Collins, R.P., Kristensen, P., Ecological and chemical status and pressures in European waters. ETC/ICM Technical Report, 2012.
176. Søndergaard, M., Jeppesen, E., Lauridsen, T.L., Skov, C., Van Nes, E.H., Roijackers, R., Lammens, E., Portielje, R.O.B., Lake restoration: successes, failures and long-term effects. J. Appl. Ecol. 44 (2007), 1095–1105.
177. Soulsby, C., Youngson, A.F., Moir, H.J., Malcolm, I.A., Fine sediment influence on salmonid spawning habitat in a lowland agricultural stream: a preliminary assessment. Sci. Total Environ. 265 (2001), 295–307.
178. Statzner, B., Gore, J.A., Resh, V.H., Hydraulic stream ecology: observed patterns and potential applications. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 7 (1988), 307–360.
179. Statzner, B., Kohmann, F., Hildrew, A.G., Calibration of FST-hemispheres against bottom shear stress in a laboratory flume. Freshw. Biol. 26 (1991), 227–231.
180. Statzner, B., Hoppenhaus, K., Arens, M.F., Richoux, P., Reproductive traits, habitat use and templet theory: a synthesis of world-wide data on aquatic insects. Freshw. Biol. 38 (1997), 109–135.
181. Stephenson, J.M., Morin, A., Covariation of stream community structure and biomass of algae, invertebrates and fish with forest cover at multiple spatial scales. Freshw. Biol. 54 (2009), 2139–2154.
182. Sternecker, K., Cowley, D.E., Geist, J., Factors influencing the success of salmonid egg development in river substratum. Ecol. Freshw. Fish 22 (2013), 322–333.
183. Stewart, G.B., Bayliss, H.R., Showler, D.A., Sutherland, W.J., Pullin, A.S., Effectiveness of engineered in-stream structure mitigation measures to increase salmonid abundance: a systematic review. Ecol. Appl. 19 (2009), 931–941.
184. Stoll, S., Sundermann, A., Lorenz, A.W., Kail, J., Haase, P., Small and impoverished regional species pools constrain colonisation of restored river reaches by fishes. Freshw. Biol. 58 (2013), 664–674.
185. Stoll, S., Breyer, P., Tonkin, J.D., Früh, D., Haase, P., Scale-dependent effects pf river habitat quality on benthic invertebrate communities—implications for stream restoration practice. Sci. Total Environ. 553 (2016), 495–503.
186. Strange, R.M., Historical biogeography, ecology, and fish distributions: conceptual issues for establishing IBI criteria. Simon, T.P., (eds.) Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources Using Fish Communities, 1999, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 65–78.
187. Suding, K.N., Gross, K.L., Housman, D.R., Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19 (2004), 46–53.
188. Sukhodolova, T., Studies of turbulent flow in vegetated river reaches with implications for transport and mixing processes. PhD thesis, 2008, Humboldt-University, Berlin.
189. Sundermann, A., Gerhardt, M., Kappes, H., Haase, P., Stressor prioritisation in riverine ecosystems: which environmental factors shape benthic invertebrate assemblage metrics?. Ecol. Indic. 27 (2013), 83–96.
190. TEEB, The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in National and International Policy Making. ten Brink, P., (eds.), 2011, Earthscan, London and Washington, 528.
191. Timm, H., Mardi, K., Möls, T., Macroinvertebrates in Estonian streams: the effects of habitat, season, and sampling effort on some common metrics of biological quality. Est. J. Ecol. 57 (2008), 37–57.
192. Tolkamp, H., Microdistribution of macroinvertebrates in lowland streams. Hydrobiol. Bull. 16 (1982), 133–148.
193. Tonkin, J.D., Stoll, S., Sundermann, A., Haase, P., Dispersal distance and the pool of taxa, but not barriers, determine the colonisation of restored river reaches by benthic invertebrates. Freshw. Biol. 59:9 (2014), 1843–1855.
194. Vaughan, I.P., Diamond, M., Gurnell, A.M., Hall, K.A., Jenkins, A., Milner, N.J., Naylor, L.A., Sear, D.A., Woodward, G., Ormerod, S.J., Integrating ecology with hydromorphology: a priority for river science and management. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshwat. Ecosyst. 19 (2009), 113–125.
195. Verdonschot, R.C.M., Kail, J., McKie, B.G., Verdonschot, P.F.M., The role of benthic microhabitats in determining the effects of hydromorphological river restoration on macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia 769 (2015), 55–66.
196. Videler, J.J., Fish Swimming. 1993, Chapman & Hall, London.
197. Violin, C.R., Cada, P., Sudduth, E.B., Hassett, B.A., Penrose, D.L., Bernhardt, E.S., Effects of urbanization and urban stream restoration on the physical and biological structure of stream ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 21 (2011), 1932–1949.
198. Vörösmarty, C.J., McIntyre, P.B., Gessner, M.O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S.E., Sullivan, C.A., Lierman, C.R., Davies, P.M., Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature 467 (2010), 555–561.
199. Walter, R.C., Merritts, D.J., Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills. Science 319 (2008), 299–304.
200. Wang, L., Robertson, D.M., Garrison, P.J., Linkages between nutrients and assemblages of macroinvertebrates and fish in wadeable streams: implication to nutrient criteria development. Environ. Manag., 39, 2007, 194, 10.1007/s00267-006-0135-8.
201. Ward, D., Holmes, N., José, P., The New Rivers & Wildlife Handbook. 1994, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Bedforshire, UK.
202. Whiteway, S.L., Biron, P.M., Zimmermann, A., Venter, O., Grant, J.W., Do in-stream restoration structures enhance salmonid abundance? A meta-analysis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 67 (2010), 831–841.
203. Williams, B.K., Brown, E.D., Adaptive management: from more talk to real action. Environ. Manage. 53 (2014), 465–479.
204. Wilzbach, M.A., Cummins, K.W., Knapp, R.A., Towards a functional classification of stream invertebrate drift. Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 23 (1988), 1244–1254.
205. Winking, C., Lorenz, A.W., Sures, B., Hering, D., Recolonisation patterns of benthic invertebrates: a field investigation of restored former sewage channels. Freshw. Biol. 59 (2014), 1932–1944, 10.1111/fwb.12397.
206. Wolter, C., Functional vs scenic restoration—challenges to improve fish and fisheries in urban waters. Fish. Manag. Ecol. 17 (2010), 176–185.
207. Wolter, C., Arlinghaus, R., Navigation impacts on freshwater fish assemblages: the ecological relevance of swimming performance. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 13 (2003), 63–89.
208. Wolter, C., Arlinghaus, R., Burst and critical swimming speeds of fish and their ecological relevance in waterways. Berichte des IGB 20 (2004), 77–93.
209. Wolter, C., Buijse, A.D., Parasiewicz, P., Temporal and spatial patterns of fish response to hydromorphological processes. River Res. Appl. 32 (2016), 190–201.
210. Woodward, G., Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and food webs in fresh waters: assembling the jigsaw puzzle. Freshw. Biol. 54 (2009), 2171–2187.
211. Woolsey, S., Capelli, F., Gonser, T., Hoehn, E., Hostmann, M., Junker, B., Paetzold, A., Roulier, C., Schweizer, S., Tiegs, S.D., Tockner, K., Weber, C., Peter, A., A strategy to assess river restoration success. Freshw. Biol. 52 (2007), 752–769.
212. Wortley, L., Hero, J.-M., Howes, M., Evaluating Ecological Restoration Success: A Review of the Literature. Restor. Ecol. 21:5 (2013), 537–543.