메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 403-411

Protecting whiteness: White phenotypic racial stereotypicality reduces police use of force

Author keywords

Intragroup bias; Phenotypic stereotypicality; Police; Race; Stereotype

Indexed keywords


EID: 85007557215     PISSN: 19485506     EISSN: 19485514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1948550616633505     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 85007541966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We affirm that All Black Lives matter
    • Black Lives Matter
    • Black Lives Matter. (2015). We affirm that All Black Lives matter. Black Lives Matter. Retrieved from http://blacklivesmatter.com/guiding-principles/
    • (2015) Black Lives Matter
  • 2
    • 7444272707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of Afrocentric facial features in criminal sentencing
    • Blair, I. V., Judd, C. M., & Chapleau, K. M. (2004). The influence of Afrocentric facial features in criminal sentencing. Psychological Science, 15, 674-679. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00739.x
    • (2004) Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 674-679
    • Blair, I.V.1    Judd, C.M.2    Chapleau, K.M.3
  • 4
    • 0142019084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate?
    • Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444.
    • (1999) Journal of Social Issues , vol.55 , pp. 429-444
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 5
    • 79960392344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazon’s Mechanical Turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?
    • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3-5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980
    • (2011) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.6 , pp. 3-5
    • Buhrmester, M.1    Kwang, T.2    Gosling, S.D.3
  • 7
    • 0038797860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The police officer’s dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals
    • Correll, J., Park, B., Judd, C. M., & Wittenbrink, B. (2002). The police officer’s dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83, 1314-1329. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.6.1314
    • (2002) Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 1314-1329
    • Correll, J.1    Park, B.2    Judd, C.M.3    Wittenbrink, B.4
  • 10
    • 21344461648 scopus 로고
    • Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton trilogy revisited
    • Devine, P. G., & Elliot, A. J. (1995). Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton trilogy revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1139-1150. doi:10.1177/01461672952111002
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 1139-1150
    • Devine, P.G.1    Elliot, A.J.2
  • 12
    • 33646259227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking deathworthy: Perceived stereotypicality of Black defendants predicts capital-sentencing outcomes
    • Eberhardt, J. L., Davies, P. G., Purdie-Vaughns, V. J., & Johnson, S. L. (2006). Looking deathworthy: Perceived stereotypicality of Black defendants predicts capital-sentencing outcomes. Psychological Science, 17, 383-386. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01716.x
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 383-386
    • Eberhardt, J.L.1    Davies, P.G.2    Purdie-Vaughns, V.J.3    Johnson, S.L.4
  • 14
    • 35348874496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the New York City police department’s “stop-and-frisk” policy in the context of claims of racial bias
    • Gelman, A., Fagan, J., & Kiss, A. (2007). An analysis of the New York City police department’s “stop-and-frisk” policy in the context of claims of racial bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102, 813-823. doi:10.1198/016214506000001040
    • (2007) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.102 , pp. 813-823
    • Gelman, A.1    Fagan, J.2    Kiss, A.3
  • 15
    • 84970396613 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the continuum of force used by and against the police
    • Garner, J. H., Schade, T., Hepburn, J., & Buchanan, J. (1995). Measuring the continuum of force used by and against the police. Criminal Justice Review, 20, 146-168.
    • (1995) Criminal Justice Review , vol.20 , pp. 146-168
    • Garner, J.H.1    Schade, T.2    Hepburn, J.3    Buchanan, J.4
  • 17
    • 84857978730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial bias in policing: Why we know less than we should
    • Goff, P. A., & Kahn, K. B. (2012). Racial bias in policing: Why we know less than we should. Social Issues and Policy Review, 6, 177-210. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2011.01039.x
    • (2012) Social Issues and Policy Review , vol.6 , pp. 177-210
    • Goff, P.A.1    Kahn, K.B.2
  • 18
    • 85007536051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Created equal: Racial and ethnic disparities in the U.S
    • Washington, DC: National Council on Crime and Delinquency
    • Hartney, C., & Vuong, L. (2009). Created equal: Racial and ethnic disparities in the U.S. criminal justice system. Washington, DC: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.
    • (2009) Criminal Justice System
    • Hartney, C.1    Vuong, L.2
  • 19
    • 0006200477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The devil and the one drop rule: Racial categories, African Americans, and the U.S. Census
    • Hickman, C. B. (1997). The devil and the one drop rule: Racial categories, African Americans, and the U.S. Census. Michigan Law Review, 95, 1161-1265.
    • (1997) Michigan Law Review , vol.95 , pp. 1161-1265
    • Hickman, C.B.1
  • 20
    • 79952098228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for hypodescent and racial hierarchy in the categorization and perception of biracial individuals
    • Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Levin, D. T., & Banaji, M. R. (2011). Evidence for hypodescent and racial hierarchy in the categorization and perception of biracial individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 492-506. doi:10.1037/a0021562
    • (2011) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 492-506
    • Ho, A.K.1    Sidanius, J.2    Levin, D.T.3    Banaji, M.R.4
  • 22
    • 79958763405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members
    • Kahn, K. B., & Davies, P. G. (2011). Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 14, 569-580. doi:10.1177/1368430210374609
    • (2011) Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol.14 , pp. 569-580
    • Kahn, K.B.1    Davies, P.G.2
  • 23
    • 70349287999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The space between us and them: Perceptions of status differences
    • Kahn, K., Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (2009). The space between us and them: Perceptions of status differences. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 12, 591-604. doi:10.1177/1368430209338716
    • (2009) Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , vol.12 , pp. 591-604
    • Kahn, K.1    Ho, A.K.2    Sidanius, J.3    Pratto, F.4
  • 24
    • 79956344555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of suspect race on officers’ arrest decisions
    • Kochel, T. R., Wilson, D. B., & Mastrofski, S. D. (2011). Effect of suspect race on officers’ arrest decisions. Criminology, 49, 473-512. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00230.x
    • (2011) Criminology , vol.49 , pp. 473-512
    • Kochel, T.R.1    Wilson, D.B.2    Mastrofski, S.D.3
  • 25
    • 85047669288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are we really priming? Cue-based versus category-based processing of facial stimuli
    • Livingston, R. W., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). What are we really priming? Cue-based versus category-based processing of facial stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 5-18. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.5
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 5-18
    • Livingston, R.W.1    Brewer, M.B.2
  • 26
    • 34548081777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing inequity safely: Whites’ motivated perceptions of racial privilege
    • Lowery, B. S., Knowles, E. D., & Unzueta, M. M. (2007). Framing inequity safely: Whites’ motivated perceptions of racial privilege. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1237-1250. doi:10.1177/0146167207303016
    • (2007) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 1237-1250
    • Lowery, B.S.1    Knowles, E.D.2    Unzueta, M.M.3
  • 27
    • 10844242900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives of racial phenotypicality bias
    • Maddox, K. B. (2004). Perspectives of racial phenotypicality bias. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 383-401. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_4
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.8 , pp. 383-401
    • Maddox, K.B.1
  • 28
    • 0002344968 scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping hispanics: The differential effect of research method, label, and degree of contact
    • Marín, G. (1984). Stereotyping hispanics: The differential effect of research method, label, and degree of contact. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 8, 17-27. doi:10.1016/0147-1767(84)90005-1
    • (1984) International Journal of Intercultural Relations , vol.8 , pp. 17-27
    • Marín, G.1
  • 29
    • 84964307760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in the flesh: Skin complexion and stereotype consistency in political campaigns
    • Messing, S., Jabon, M., & Plaut, E. (2015). Bias in the flesh: Skin complexion and stereotype consistency in political campaigns. Public Opinion Quarterly. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfv046
    • (2015) Public Opinion Quarterly
    • Messing, S.1    Jabon, M.2    Plaut, E.3
  • 30
    • 77953892341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-protective biases in group categorization: Threat cues shape the psychological boundary between “us” and “them.”
    • Miller, S. L., Maner, J. K., & Becker, D. V. (2010). Self-protective biases in group categorization: Threat cues shape the psychological boundary between “us” and “them.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 62-77. doi:10.1037/a0018086
    • (2010) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 62-77
    • Miller, S.L.1    Maner, J.K.2    Becker, D.V.3
  • 31
    • 85051102012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination
    • Mummendey, A., & Otten, S. (1998). Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. European Review of Social Psychology, 9, 107-143. doi:10.1080/14792779843000063
    • (1998) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 107-143
    • Mummendey, A.1    Otten, S.2
  • 32
    • 0034340280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination: Valence of evaluation and salience of categorization
    • Mummendey, A., Otten, S., Berger, U., & Kessler, T. (2000). Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination: Valence of evaluation and salience of categorization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1258-1270. doi:10.1177/0146167200262007
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1258-1270
    • Mummendey, A.1    Otten, S.2    Berger, U.3    Kessler, T.4
  • 34
    • 84878908761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eyewitness identifications are affected by stereotypes about a suspect’s level of perceived stereotypicality
    • Osborne, D., & Davies, P. G. (2013). Eyewitness identifications are affected by stereotypes about a suspect’s level of perceived stereotypicality. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16, 488-504. doi:10.1177/1368430212454927
    • (2013) Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , vol.16 , pp. 488-504
    • Osborne, D.1    Davies, P.G.2
  • 35
    • 84863776959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon
    • Payne, B. K. (2001). Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 181-192. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.181
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 181-192
    • Payne, B.K.1
  • 37
    • 15944423290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of race for police officers’ responses to criminal suspects
    • Plant, E. A., & Peruche, B. M. (2005). The consequences of race for police officers’ responses to criminal suspects. Psychological Science, 16, 180-183. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00800.x
    • (2005) Psychological Science , vol.16 , pp. 180-183
    • Plant, E.A.1    Peruche, B.M.2
  • 38
    • 13844271275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods
    • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717-731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553
    • (2004) Instruments, & Computers , vol.36 , pp. 717-731
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Hayes, A.F.2
  • 39
    • 85007572688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
    • President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. (2015). Final report of the president’s task force on 21st century policing. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.
    • (2015) Final Report of the president’s Task Force on 21St Century Policing
  • 40
    • 33646409849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effect of race bias in post-traffic stop outcomes using propensity scores
    • Ridgeway, G. (2006). Assessing the effect of race bias in post-traffic stop outcomes using propensity scores. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22, 1-29. doi:10.1007/s10940-005-9000-9
    • (2006) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.22 , pp. 1-29
    • Ridgeway, G.1
  • 41
    • 84910040017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of moderation effects: Difference in simple slopes versus the interaction term
    • Robinson, C. D., Tomek, S., & Schumaker, R. E. (2013). Tests of moderation effects: Difference in simple slopes versus the interaction term. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 39, 16-24.
    • (2013) Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints , vol.39 , pp. 16-24
    • Robinson, C.D.1    Tomek, S.2    Schumaker, R.E.3
  • 42
    • 84862854977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world is not Black and White: Racial bias in the decision to shoot in a multiethnic context
    • Sadler, M. S., Correll, J., Park, B., & Judd, C. M. (2012). The world is not Black and White: Racial bias in the decision to shoot in a multiethnic context. Journal of Social Issues, 68, 286-313. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01749.x
    • (2012) Journal of Social Issues , vol.68 , pp. 286-313
    • Sadler, M.S.1    Correll, J.2    Park, B.3    Judd, C.M.4
  • 44
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behavior
    • In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
    • (1986) Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 45
    • 0036045393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgroup prejudice based on skin color among Hispanics in the United States and Latin America
    • Uhlmann, E., Dasgupta, N., Elgueta, A., Greenwald, A. G., & Swanson, J. (2002). Subgroup prejudice based on skin color among Hispanics in the United States and Latin America. Social Cognition, 20, 198-226.
    • (2002) Social Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 198-226
    • Uhlmann, E.1    Dasgupta, N.2    Elgueta, A.3    Greenwald, A.G.4    Swanson, J.5
  • 46
    • 48749104293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The turban effect: The influence of Muslim headgear and induced affect on aggressive responses in the shooter bias paradigm
    • Unkelbach, C., Forgas, J. P., & Denson, T. F. (2008). The turban effect: The influence of Muslim headgear and induced affect on aggressive responses in the shooter bias paradigm. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1409-1413.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 1409-1413
    • Unkelbach, C.1    Forgas, J.P.2    Denson, T.F.3
  • 47
    • 79952485936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of light skin on prison time for Black female offenders
    • Viglione, J., Hannon, L., & DeFina, R. (2011). The impact of light skin on prison time for Black female offenders. The Social Science Journal, 48, 250-258. doi:10.1016/l.soscjj.2010.08.003
    • (2011) The Social Science Journal , vol.48 , pp. 250-258
    • Viglione, J.1    Hannon, L.2    Defina, R.3
  • 49
    • 22844457272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (1999). Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime & Delinquency, 45, 494-507.
    • (1999) Crime & Delinquency , vol.45 , pp. 494-507
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.A.2
  • 50
    • 20144372930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racially biased policing: Determinates of citizens perceptions
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2005). Racially biased policing: Determinates of citizens perceptions. Social Forces, 83, 1009-1030. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0050
    • (2005) Social Forces , vol.83 , pp. 1009-1030
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.A.2
  • 51
    • 79953227353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The typification of hispanics as criminals and support for punitive crime control policies
    • Welch, K., Payne, A. A., Chiricos, T., & Gertz, M. (2011). The typification of hispanics as criminals and support for punitive crime control policies. Social Science Research, 40, 822-840. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.09.012
    • (2011) Social Science Research , vol.40 , pp. 822-840
    • Welch, K.1    Payne, A.A.2    Chiricos, T.3    Gertz, M.4
  • 52
    • 84938632543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial trustworthiness predicts extreme criminal-sentencing outcomes
    • Wilson, J. P., & Rule, N. O. (2015). Facial trustworthiness predicts extreme criminal-sentencing outcomes. Psychological Science, 26, 1325-1331. doi:10.1177/0956797615590992
    • (2015) Psychological Science , vol.26 , pp. 1325-1331
    • Wilson, J.P.1    Rule, N.O.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.