Racial attitudes in response to thoughts of white privilege

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 203-215

  Branscombe, Nyla R ^a   Schmitt, Michael T ^b   Schiffhauer, Kristin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947236821     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: 10990992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.348     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Biernat, M., & Crandall, C. S. (1999). Racial attitudes. In J. P. Robinson, L. S. Wrightsman, & P. Shaver (Eds.), Measures of political attitudes (pp. 297-411). New York: Academic Press.
3. Blumer, H. (1958). Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3-7.
4. Bourhis, R., & Hill, P. (1982). Intergroup perceptions in British higher education: A field study. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 423-468). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5. Branscombe, N. R. (1998). Thinking about one's gender group's privileges or disadvantages: Consequences for well-being in women and men. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 167-184.
6. Branscombe, N. R. (2004). A social psychological process perspective on collective guilt. In N. R. Branscombe, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Collective guilt: International perspectives (pp. 320-334). New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Branscombe, N. R., Doosje, B., & McGarty, C. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of collective guilt. In D. M. Mackie, & E. R. Smith (Eds.), From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups (pp. 49-66). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
8. Branscombe, N. R., Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1999). The context and content of social identity threat. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 35-58). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
9. Branscombe, N. R., & Wann, D. L. (1994). Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 641-657.
10. Cameron, J. E., Duck, J. M., Terry, D. J., & Lalonde, R. N. (2005). Perceptions of self and group in the context of a threatened national identity: A field study. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 8, 73-88.
11. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1986). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Historical trends and contemporary approaches. In J. F. Dovidio, & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 1-34). New York: Academic Press.
12. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1991). Changes in the expression and assessment of racial prejudice. In H. J. Knopke, R. J. Norrell, & R. W. Rogers (Eds.), Opening doors: Perspectives on race relations in contemporary America (pp. 201-241). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
13. Dyson, M. E. (2000). I may not get there with you: The true Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Free Press.
14. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1997). Sticking together or falling apart: In-group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 617-626.
15. Farley, R., & Allen, R. L. (1987). The color line and the quality of life in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
16. Frankenberg, R. (1993). White women, race matters: The social construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
17. Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., Anastasio, P. A., Bachman, B. A., & Rust, M. C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model: Recategorization and the reduction of intergroup bias. In W. Stroebe, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 1-26). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
18. Garcia, D. M., Desmarais, S., Branscombe, N. R., & Gee, S. S. (2005). Opposition to redistributive employment policies for women: Principled objection, contemporary sexism, or group interest? British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 583-602.
19. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Glick, P., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., Adetoun, B., Osagie, J. E., Akande, A., Alao, A., Brunner, A., Willemsen, T. M., Chipeta, K., Dardenne, B., Dijksterhuis, A., Wigboldus, D., Eckes, T., Six-Materna, I., Exposito, F., Moya, M., Foddy, M., Kim, H.-J., Lameiras, M., Sotelo, M. J., Mucchi-Faina, A., Romani, M., Sakalli, N., Udegbe, B., Yamamoto, M., Ui, M., Ferreira, M. C., & Lopez, W. L. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763-775.
20. Guimond, S., & Dambrun, M. (2002). When prosperity breeds intergroup hostility: The effects of relative deprivation and relative gratification on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 900-912.
21. Helms, J. E. (1992). A race is a nice thing to have: A guide to being a White person or understanding the White persons in your life. Topeka, KS: Content Communications.
22. Henry, P. J., & Sears, D. O. (2002). The symbolic racism 2000 scale. Political Psychology, 23, 253-283.
23. Hornsey, M. J., Spears, R., Cremers, I., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). Relations between high and low power groups: The importance of legitimacy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 216-227.
24. Jackman, M. R. (1994). The velvet glove: Paternalism and conflict in gender, class, and race relations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
25. Johnson, D., Terry, D. J., & Louis, W. R. (2005). Perceptions of the intergroup structure and anti-Asian prejudice among White Australians. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 8, 53-71.
26. Katz, I., & Hass, R. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 893-905.
27. Killian, L. M. (1990). Race relations and the nineties: Where are the dreams of the sixties? Social Forces, 69, 1-13.
28. Kluegel, J. R., & Smith, E. R. (1982). Whites' beliefs about blacks' opportunity. American Sociological Review, 47, 518-532.
29. McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. F. Dovidio, & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91-125). New York: Academic Press.
30. McIntosh, P. (1992). White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies. In M. L. Anderson, & P. H. Collins (Eds.), Race, class and gender (pp. 70-81). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
31. Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 158-174.
32. Powell, A. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Schmitt, M. T. (2005). Inequality as ingroup privilege or outgroup disadvantage: The impact of group focus on collective guilt and interracial attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 508-521.
33. Roediger, D. R. (1991). The wages of whiteness: Race and the making of the American working class. New York: Verso.
34. Rothenberg, P. S. (2002). (Ed.). White privilege: Essential readings on the other side of racism. New York: Worth.
35. Schmitt, M. T., & Branscombe, N. R. (2002). The meaning and consequences of perceived discrimination in disadvantaged and privileged social groups. European Review of Social Psychology, 12, 167-199.
36. Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
37. Sigelman, L., & Welch, S. (1991). Black Americans 'views of racial inequality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
38. Sniderman, P. M., & Tetlock, P. (1986). Symbolic racism: Problems of motive attribution in political analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 129-150.
39. Steele, S. (1990). The content of our character: A new vision of race in America. New York: Harper Collins.
40. Stephan, W. S., & Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 23-45). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
41. Stephan, W. S., & Stephan, C. W. (2001). Improving intergroup relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
42. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup conflict. In S. Worchel, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
43. Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 6-34). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
44. Turner, J. C., & Brown, R. J. (1978). Social status, cognitive and intergroup relations. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups (pp. 201-234). London: Academic Press.
45. van Knippenberg, A. & van Oers, H. (1984). Social identity and equity concerns in intergroup perception. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 351-362.
46. Waldzus, S., Mummendey, A., Wenzel, M., & Weber, U. (2003). Towards tolerance: Representations of superordinate categories and perceived ingroup prototypicality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 31-47.
47. Walster, E., Berscheid, E., & Walster, G. M. (1973). New directions in equity research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 151-176.