EffectS of non-nutritive sWeetened beverages on appetITe during aCtive weigHt loss (SWITCH): Protocol for a randomized, controlled trial assessing the effects of non-nutritive sweetened beverages compared to water during a 12-week weight loss period and a follow up weight maintenance period

Contemporary Clinical Trials

Volumn 53, Issue , 2017, Pages 80-88

  Masic, U ^a   Harrold, J A ^a   Christiansen, P ^a   Cuthbertson, D J ^a   Hardman, C A ^a   Robinson, E ^a   Halford, J C G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Body weight; Low calorie sweeteners (LCS); Non nutritive sweeteners (NNS); Obesity; Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB); Weight loss

Indexed keywords

NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENER; WATER; DRINKING WATER;

ADULT; AGED; APPETITE; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY WEIGHT; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY COMPLIANCE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBESITY; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGE; WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM; WEIGHT REDUCTION; WELLBEING; BEVERAGE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MIDDLE AGED; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; YOUNG ADULT;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADULT; AGED; BEVERAGES; BODY COMPOSITION; DRINKING WATER; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS; OBESITY; WEIGHT REDUCTION PROGRAMS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85006251490     PISSN: 15517144     EISSN: 15592030     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.012     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. [1] Swinburn, B.A., Sacks, G., Hall, K.D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D.T., Moodie, M.L., Gortmaker, S.L., The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet 378:9793 (2011), 804–814.
2. [2] Ebbeling, C.B., Feldman, H.A., Chomitz, V.R., Antonelli, T.A., Gortmaker, S.L., Osganian, S.K., Ludwig, D.S., A randomized trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and adolescent body weight. N. Engl. J. Med. 367:15 (2012), 1407–1416.
3. [3] Malik, V.S., Schulze, M.B., Hu, F.B., Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84:2 (2006), 274–288.
4. [4] Malik, V.S., Pan, A., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B., Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 98:4 (2013), 1084–1102.
5. [5] Cassady, B.A., Considine, R.V., Mattes, R.D., Beverage consumption, appetite, and energy intake: what did you expect?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95:3 (2012), 587–593.
6. [6] de Graaf, C., Why liquid energy results in overconsumption. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 70:02 (2011), 162–170.
7. [7] Wolf, A., Bray, G.A., Popkin, B.M., A short history of beverages and how our body treats them. Obes. Rev. 9:2 (2008), 151–164.
8. [8] Martin, A.A., Hamill, L.R., Davies, S., Rogers, P.J., Brunstrom, J.M., Energy-dense snacks can have the same expected satiation as sugar-containing beverages. Appetite 95 (2015), 81–88.
9. [9] McCrickerd, K., Chambers, L., Yeomans, M.R., Fluid or fuel? The context of consuming a beverage is important for satiety. PloS one, 9(6), 2014, e100406.
10. [10] Mattes, R.D., Shikany, J.M., Kaiser, K.A., Allison, D.B., Nutritively sweetened beverage consumption and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized experiments. Obesity Reviews 12:5 (2011), 346–365.
11. [11] Panahi, S., et al. Caloric beverages consumed freely at meal-time add calories to an ad libitum meal. Appetite 65 (2013), 72–82.
12. [12] Mearsk, M., et al. Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink: a controlled trial. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 66 (2012), 523–529.
13. [13] Raben, A., Richelsen, B., Artificial sweeteners: a place in the field of functional foods? Focus on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 15 (2012), 597–604.
14. [14] Peters, J.C., Wyatt, H.R., Foster, G.D., Pan, Z., Wojtanowski, A.C., Vander Veur, S.S., Hill, J.O., The effects of water and non-nutritive sweetened beverages on weight loss during a 12-week weight loss treatment program. Obesity 22:6 (2014), 1415–1421.
15. [15] Peters, J.C., Beck, J., Cardel, M., et al. The effects of water and non-nutritive sweetened beverages on weight loss and weight maintenance: a randomized clinical trial. Obesity 24:2 (2016), 297–304, 10.1002/oby.21327.
16. [16] Miller, P.E., Perez, V., Low-calorie sweeteners and body weight and composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 100 (2014), 765–777.
17. [17] Zheng, M., et al. Substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with other beverage alternatives: a review of long term health outcomes. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 115:5 (2015), 767–779.
18. [18] Rogers, P.J., et al. Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. Int. J. Obes., 2015.
19. [19] Swithers, S.E., et al. High-intensity sweeteners and energy balance. Physiol. Behav. 100 (2010), 55–62.
20. [20] Davidson, T.L., et al. Intake of high-intensity sweeteners laterals the ability of sweet taste to signal caloric consequences: implications for the learned control of energy and body weight regulation. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 64 (2011), 1430–1441.
21. [21] Swithers, S.E., et al. Experience with the high intensity sweetener saccharin impairs glucose hoemostasis and GLP-1 release in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 233 (2012), 1–14.
22. [22] Swithers, S.E., et al. Adverse effects of high intensity sweeteners on energy intake and weight control and male and obesity-prone rats. Behav. Neurosci. 127 (2013), 262–274.
23. [23] Mattes, R.D., Popkin, B.M., Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89:1 (2009), 1–14.
24. [24] Ford, H.E., Peters, V., Martin, N.M., Sleeth, M.L., Ghatei, M.A., Frost, G.S., Bloom, S.R., Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 65:4 (2011), 508–513.
25. [25] Brown, A.W., Brown, M.M.B., Onken, K.L., Beitz, D.C., Short-term consumption of sucralose, a nonnutritive sweetener, is similar to water with regard to select markers of hunger signaling and short-term glucose homeostasis in women. Nutr. Res. 31:12 (2011), 882–888.
26. [25] Brown, R.J., Rother, K.I., Non-nutritive sweeteners and their role in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97 (2012), 2597–2605.
27. [26] Foreyt, J., et al. The use of low calorie sweeteners by children: implications for weight management. J. Nutr. 142 (2012), 1155s–1162s.
28. [27] Pereira, M.A., Sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages in relation to obesity risk. American Society for Nutrition. Adv. Nutr. 5 (2014), 797–808, 10.3945/an.114.007062.
29. [28] Madjd, A., Taylor, M.A., Delavari, A., Malekzadeh, R., Macdonald, I.A., Farshchi, H.R., Effects on weight loss in adults of replacing diet beverages with water during a hypoenergetic diet: a randomized, 24-wk clinical trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1:102(6) (2015), 1305–1312.
30. [29] Hoffman, D.J., Policastro, P., Quick, V., Lee, S.K., Changes in body weight and fat mass of men and women in the first year of college: a study of the “freshman 15”. J. Am. Coll. Heal. 55:1 (2006), 41–46.
31. [30] Mihalopoulos, N.L., Auinger, P., Klein, J.D., The freshman 15: is it real?. J. Am. Coll. Heal. 56:5 (2008), 531–534.
32. [31] van Strien, T., Frijters, J.E.R., Bergers, G.P.A., Defares, P.B., The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. Int. J. Eat. Disord. 5:2 (1986), 295–315.
33. [32] Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., Rardin, D., The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addict. Behav. 7:1 (1982), 47–55, 10.1016/0306-4603(82)90024-7.
34. [33] EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to intense sweeteners and contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 1136, 1444, 4299), reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (ID 4298), maintenance of normal blood glucose concentrations (ID 1221, 4298), and maintenance of tooth mineralisation by decreasing tooth demineralisation (ID 1134, 1167, 1283) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J., 9(6), 2011, 2229.
35. [34] Stunkard, A.J., Messick, S., The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J. Psychosom. Res. 29:1 (1985), 71–83.
36. [35] Cappelleri, J.C., et al. Psychometric analysis of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21: results from a large diverse sample of obese and non-obese participants. Int. J. Obes. 33:6 (2009), 611–620.
37. [36] Glynn, S.M., Ruderman, A.J., The development and validation of an eating self-efficacy scale. Cogn. Ther. Res. 10:4 (1986), 403–420.
38. [37] Donnellan, M.B., Oswald, F.L., Baird, B.M., Lucas, R.E., The mini-IPIP scales: tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five factors of personality. Psychol. Assess. 18 (2006), 192–203.
39. [38] Sasaki, S., Katagiri, A., Tsuji, T., Shimoda, T., Amano, K., Self-reported rate of eating correlates with body mass index in 18-y-old Japanese women. Int. J. Obes. 27:11 (2003), 1405–1410.
40. [39] Robinson, E., Aveyard, P., Jebb, S.A., Is plate clearing a risk factor for obesity? A cross-sectional study of self-reported data in US adults. Obesity 23:2 (2015), 301–304.
41. [40] Finlayson, G., King, N., Blundell, J.E., Is it possible to dissociate ‘liking'and ‘wanting'for foods in humans? A novel experimental procedure. Physiol. Behav. 90:1 (2007), 36–42.
42. [41] Shacham, S., A shortened version of the profile of mood states. J. Pers. Assess. 47:3 (1983), 305–306.
43. [42] Robinson, E., Hunger, J.M., Daly, M., Perceived weight status and risk of weight gain across life in US and UK adults. Int. J. Obes., 2015.
44. [43] Sternthal, M.J., Slopen, N., Williams, D.R., Racial disparities in health. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8:01 (2011), 95–113.
45. [45] Robins, R.W., Hendin, H.M., Trzesniewski, K.H., Measuring global self-esteem: construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 27:2 (2001), 151–161.
46. [46] Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Stewart-Brown, S., The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health Qual. Life Outcomes, 5(1), 2007, 63.
47. [47] Diener, E.D., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., Griffin, S., The satisfaction with life scale. J. Pers. Assess. 49:1 (1985), 71–75.
48. [48] EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to konjac mannan (glucomannan) and reduction of body weight (ID 854, 1556, 3725), reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (ID 1559), maintenance of normal blood glucose concentrations (ID 835, 3724), maintenance of normal (fasting) blood concentrations of triglycerides (ID 3217), maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations (ID 3100, 3217), maintenance of normal bowel function (ID 834, 1557, 3901) and decreasing potentially pathogenic gastro-intestinal microorganisms (ID 1558) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J., 8(10), 2010, 1798, 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1798 (27 pp.).
49. [50] Blackburn, G.L., Kanders, B.S., Lavin, P.T., Keller, S.D., Whatley, J., The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short-and long-term control of body weight. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65:2 (1997), 409–418.
50. [51] Raben, A., Vasilaras, T.H., Møller, A.C., Astrup, A., Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76:4 (2002), 721–729.
51. [52] de Matos Feijo, F., et al. Saccharine and aspartame, compared with sucrose, induce greater weight gain in adult Wistar rats, at similar total caloric intake levels. Appetite 60 (2013), 203–207.