Residual Myocardial Iron Following Intramyocardial Hemorrhage during the Convalescent Phase of Reperfused ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling

Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging

Volumn 9, Issue 10, 2016, Pages

  Bulluck, Heerajnarain ^a,b,c   Rosmini, Stefania ^c   Abdel Gadir, Amna ^c   White, Steven K ^a,b,c   Bhuva, Anish N ^c   Treibel, Thomas A ^c   Fontana, Marianna ^c   Ramlall, Manish ^a,b,c   Hamarneh, Ashraf ^a,b,c   Sirker, Alex ^c   Herrey, Anna S ^c   Manisty, Charlotte ^c   Yellon, Derek M ^a,b   Kellman, Peter ^d   Moon, James C ^b,c   Hausenloy, Derek J ^a,b,c,e,f  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS   (United Kingdom)

^c ST BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e DUKE NUS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Singapore)

^f DEPARTMENT OF CARDIOLOGY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

intramyocardial hemorrhage; residual myocardial iron; ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; T2 mapping; T2 mapping

Indexed keywords

IRON;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION; CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVALESCENCE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION SIZE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC VOLUME; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HUMAN; INTRAMYOCARDIAL HEMORRHAGE; MALE; MICROANGIOPATHY; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL DISEASE; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ADVERSE EFFECTS; AGED; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEMORRHAGE; METABOLISM; MICROCIRCULATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; TIME FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; AREA UNDER CURVE; CORONARY CIRCULATION; FEMALE; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; IRON; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MICROCIRCULATION; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIUM; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; ROC CURVE; ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, LEFT; VENTRICULAR REMODELING;

EID: 84994121811     PISSN: 19419651     EISSN: 19420080     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.004940     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Torabi A, Cleland JG, Khan NK, Loh PH, Clark AL, Alamgir F, Caplin JL, Rigby AS, Goode K. The timing of development and subsequent clinical course of heart failure after a myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:859-870. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn096.
2. Ezekowitz JA, Kaul P, Bakal JA, Armstrong PW, Welsh RC, McAlister FA. Declining in-hospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with frst myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.067.
3. Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Europe and other areas of the world. Heart. 2002;88:119-124.
4. van Kranenburg M, Magro M, Thiele H, de Waha S, Eitel I, Cochet A, Cottin Y, Atar D, Buser P, Wu E, Lee D, Bodi V, Klug G, Metzler B, Delewi R, Bernhardt P, Rottbauer W, Boersma E, Zijlstra F, van Geuns RJ. Prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size, as measured by CMR in STEMI patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7:930-939. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.05.010.
5. Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, Eteiba H, McEntegart M, Watkins S, Lindsay M, Radjenovic A, Oldroyd KG, Berry C. Myocardial haemorrhage after acute reperfused ST-elevation myocardial infarction: temporal evolution, relation to microvascular obstruction and prognostic signif-cance. Heart. 2015;101:A4-A5. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307845.8.
6. Ganame J, Messalli G, Dymarkowski S, Rademakers FE, Desmet W, Van de Werf F, Bogaert J. Impact of myocardial haemorrhage on left ventricular function and remodelling in patients with reperfused acute myocar-dial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1440-1449. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ ehp093.
7. Ørn S, Manhenke C, Greve OJ, Larsen AI, Bonarjee VV, Edvardsen T, Dickstein K. Microvascular obstruction is a major determinant of infarct healing and subsequent left ventricular remodelling following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1978-1985. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp219.
8. Beek AM, Nijveldt R, van Rossum AC. Intramyocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;26:49-55.
9. Eitel I, Kubusch K, Strohm O, Desch S, Mikami Y, de Waha S, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Friedrich MG, Thiele H. Prognostic value and determinants of a hypointense infarct core in T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance in acute reperfused ST-elevation-myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:354-362. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.110.960500.
10. de Waha S, Desch S, Eitel I, Fuernau G, Lurz P, Leuschner A, Grothoff M, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Relationship and prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size in ST-elevation myocardial infarction as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012;101:487-495. doi: 10.1007/s00392-012-0419-3.
11. Hamirani YS, Wong A, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Effect of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage by CMR on LV remodeling and outcomes after myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7:940-952. doi: 10.1016/j. jcmg.2014.06.012.
12. Pfeffer JM, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Infuence of chronic captopril therapy on the infarcted left ventricle of the rat. Circ Res. 1985;57:84-95.
13. Frangogiannis NG. The immune system and the remodeling infarcted heart: cell biological insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2014;63:185-195. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000003.
14. Seropian IM, Toldo S, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. Anti-infammatory strategies for ventricular remodeling following ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1593-1603. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.014.
15. Kali A, Kumar A, Cokic I, Tang RL, Tsaftaris SA, Friedrich MG, Dharmakumar R. Chronic manifestation of postreperfusion intramyo-cardial hemorrhage as regional iron deposition: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study with ex vivo validation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:218-228. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.000133.
16. Roghi A, Poggiali E, Duca L, Mafrici A, Pedrotti P, Paccagnini S, Brenna S, Galli A, Consonni D, Cappellini MD. Role of non-transferrin-bound iron in the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiol. 2015;199:326-332. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.056.
17. Carlsson M, Ubachs JF, Hedström E, Heiberg E, Jovinge S, Arheden H. Myocardium at risk after acute infarction in humans on cardiac magnetic resonance: quantitative assessment during follow-up and validation with single-photon emission computed tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:569-576. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.11.018.
18. Dall'Armellina E, Karia N, Lindsay AC, Karamitsos TD, Ferreira V, Robson MD, Kellman P, Francis JM, Forfar C, Prendergast BD, Banning A P, Channon KM, Kharbanda RK, Neubauer S, Choudhury RP. Dynamic changes of edema and late gadolinium enhancement after acute myocardial infarction and their relationship to functional recovery and salvage index. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:228-236. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.963421.
19. Kellman P, Hansen MS. T1-mapping in the heart: accuracy and precision. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16:2. doi: 10.1186/1532-429X-16-2.
20. Giri S, Chung YC, Merchant A, Mihai G, Rajagopalan S, Raman SV, Simonetti OP. T2 quantifcation for improved detection of myocardial edema. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2009;11:56. doi: 10.1186/1532-429X-11-56.
21. Kellman P, Arai AE. Cardiac imaging techniques for physicians: late enhancement. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36:529-542. doi: 10.1002/ jmri.23605.
22. Carrick D, Haig C, Rauhalammi S, Ahmed N, Mordi I, McEntegart M, Petrie MC, Eteiba H, Lindsay M, Watkins S, Hood S, Davie A, Mahrous A, Sattar N, Welsh P, Tzemos N, Radjenovic A, Ford I, Oldroyd KG, Berry C. Pathophysiology of LV remodeling in survivors of STEMI: in-fammation, remote myocardium, and prognosis. J AM COLL CARDIOL. Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:779-789. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.03.007.
23. Schulz-Menger J, Bluemke DA, Bremerich J, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, Kim RJ, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Kramer CM, Pennell DJ, Plein S, Nagel E. Standardized image interpretation and post processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) board of trustees task force on standardized post processing. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15:35. doi: 10.1186/1532-429X-15-35.
24. Kandler D, Lücke C, Grothoff M, Andres C, Lehmkuhl L, Nitzsche S, Riese F, Mende M, de Waha S, Desch S, Lurz P, Eitel I, Gutberlet M. The relation between hypointense core, microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial haemorrhage in acute reperfused myocardial infarction assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2014;24:3277-3288. doi: 10.1007/s00330-014-3318-3.
25. O'Regan DP, Ariff B, Neuwirth C, Tan Y, Durighel G, Cook SA. Assessment of severe reperfusion injury with T2∗ cardiac MRI in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart. 2010;96:1885-1891. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2010.200634.
26. Kidambi A, Mather AN, Motwani M, Swoboda P, Uddin A, Greenwood JP, Plein S. The effect of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage on contractile recovery in reperfused myocardial infarction: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15:58. doi: 10.1186/1532-429X-15-58.
27. Kali A, Tang RL, Kumar A, Min JK, Dharmakumar R. Detection of acute reperfusion myocardial hemorrhage with cardiac MR imaging: T2 versus T2. Radiology. 2013;269:387-395. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13122397.
28. Carrick D, Haig C, Rauhalammi S, Ahmed N, Mordi I, McEntegart M, Petrie MC, Eteiba H, Hood S, Watkins S, Lindsay M, Mahrous A, Ford I, Tzemos N, Sattar N, Welsh P, Radjenovic A, Oldroyd KG, Berry C. Prognostic signifcance of infarct core pathology revealed by quantitative non-contrast in comparison with contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in reperfused ST-elevation myocardial infarction survivors. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:1044-1059. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv372.
29. Kellman P, Bandettini WP, Mancini C, Hammer-Hansen S, Hansen MS, Arai AE. Characterization of myocardial T1-mapping bias caused by in-tramyocardial fat in inversion recovery and saturation recovery techniques. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015;17:33. doi: 10.1186/s12968-015-0136-y.
30. Bekkers SC, Smulders MW, Passos VL, Leiner T, Waltenberger J, Gorgels AP, Schalla S. Clinical implications of microvascular obstruction and in-tramyocardial haemorrhage in acute myocardial infarction using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2010;20:2572-2578. doi: 10.1007/s00330-010-1849-9.
31. Mather AN, Fairbairn TA, Ball SG, Greenwood JP, Plein S. Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk. Heart. 2011;97:453-459. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2010.202028.
32. Cokic I, Kali A, Wang X, Yang HJ, Tang RL, Thajudeen A, Shehata M, Amorn AM, Liu E, Stewart B, Bennett N, Harlev D, Tsaftaris SA, Jackman WM, Chugh SS, Dharmakumar R. Iron deposition following chronic myocardial infarction as a substrate for cardiac electrical anomalies: initial fndings in a canine model. PLoS One. 2013;8:e73193. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073193.
33. Cokic I, Kali A, Yang HJ, Yee R, Tang R, Tighiouart M, Wang X, Jackman WS, Chugh SS, White JA, Dharmakumar R. Iron-sensitive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of ventricular arrhythmia risk in patients with chronic myocardial infarction: early evidence. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003642. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642.
34. Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, McEntegart M, Petrie MC, Eteiba H, Hood S, Watkins S, Lindsay MM, Davie A, Mahrous A, Mordi I, Rauhalammi S, Sattar N, Welsh P, Radjenovic A, Ford I, Oldroyd KG, Berry C. Myocardial hemorrhage after acute reperfused ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: relation to microvascular obstruction and prognostic signifcance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:e004148. doi: 10.1161/ CIRCIMAGING.115.004148.
35. Bradley WG Jr. MR appearance of hemorrhage in the brain. Radiology. 1993;189:15-26. doi: 10.1148/radiology.189.1.8372185.
36. Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Ortiz-Pérez JT, Lee DC, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Tejedor P, Bonow RO, Wu E. Time elapsed after contrast injection is crucial to determine infarct transmurality and myocardial functional recovery after an acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015;17:43. doi: 10.1186/s12968-015-0139-8.