Cardiac imaging techniques for physicians: Late enhancement

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 529-542

  Kellman, Peter ^a   Arai, Andrew E ^a  

^a NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; delayed enhancement; gadolinium; late enhancement; myocardial infarction; viability

Indexed keywords

FAT; GADOLINIUM; WATER;

CARDIAC IMAGING; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CELL MEMBRANE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; HEART BEAT; HEART INFARCTION SIZE; HEART MUSCLE; LATE ENHANCEMENT IMAGING; PHYSICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

CARDIOMYOPATHIES; CONTRAST MEDIA; GADOLINIUM; HUMANS; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

EID: 84865318322     PISSN: 10531807     EISSN: 15222586     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23605     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Parrish TB, et al. Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function. Circulation 1999; 100: 1992-2002. (Pubitemid 29529292)
2. Fieno DS, Kim RJ, Chen EL, Lomasney JW, Klocke FJ, Judd RM,. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium at risk: distinction between reversible and irreversible injury throughout infarct healing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1985-1991.
3. Hunold P, Schlosser T, Vogt FM, et al. Myocardial late enhancement in contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI: distinction between infarction scar and non-infarction-related disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005; 184: 1420-1426. (Pubitemid 43821809)
4. Bohl S, Wassmuth R, Abdel-Aty H, et al. Delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging reveals typical patterns of myocardial injury in patients with various forms of non-ischemic heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2008; 24: 597-607.
5. Vergara GR, Marrouche NF,. Tailored management of atrial fibrillation using a LGE-MRI based model: from the clinic to the electrophysiology laboratory. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011; 22: 481-487.
6. Hsu L, Natanzon A, Kellman P, Hirsch GA, Aletras AH, Arai AE,. Quantitative myocardial infarction on delayed enhancement MRI-Part I. Animal validation of an automated feature analysis and combined thresholding infarct sizing algorithm. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23: 298-308. (Pubitemid 43364055)
7. Hsu L, Ingkanisorn WP, Kellman P, Aletras AH, Arai AE,. Quantitative myocardial infarction on delayed enhancement MRI-Part II. Clinical application of an automated feature analysis and combined thresholding infarct sizing algorithm. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23: 299-314.
8. Amado LC, Gerber BL, Gupta SN, et al. Accurate and objective infarct sizing by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a canine myocardial infarction model. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 2383-2389. (Pubitemid 39647614)
9. Yan AT, Shayne AJ, Brown KA, et al. Characterization of the peri-infarct zone by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful predictor of post-myocardial infarction mortality. Circulation 2006; 114: 32-39. (Pubitemid 44305272)
10. Fernandes VR, Wu KC, Rosen BD, et al. Enhanced infarct border zone function and altered mechanical activation predict inducibility of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Radiology 2007; 245: 712-719. (Pubitemid 350127341)
11. Bluemke DA, Krupinski EA, Ovitt T, et al. MR imaging of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: morphologic findings and interobserver reliability. Cardiology 2003; 99: 153-162. (Pubitemid 36736958)
12. McCrohon JA, Moon JC, Prasad SK, et al. Differentiation of heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease using gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 2003; 108: 54-59. (Pubitemid 36859020)
13. Sen-Chowdhry S, Syrris P, Prasad SK, et al. Left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized clinical entity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 2175-2187.
14. Moon JC, McKenna WJ, McCrohon JA, Elliott PM, Smith GC, Pennell DJ,. Toward clinical risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1561-1567. (Pubitemid 36543376)
15. Puchalski MD, Williams RV, Askovich B, et al. Late gadolinium enhancement: precursor to cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 25: 57-63.
16. Kellman P, Hernando D, Shah S, et al. Myocardial fibro-fatty infiltration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy canine model detected using multi-echo Dixon method of water and fat separation imaging. Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med 2009; 17: 3762.
17. Maceira AM, Joshi J, Prasad SK, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2005; 111: 186-193. (Pubitemid 40139730)
18. Arheden H, Saeed M, Higgins CB, et al. Measurement of the distribution volume of gadopentetate dimeglumine at echo-planar mr imaging to quantify myocardial infarction: comparison with 99mtc-dtpa autoradiography in rats. Radiology 1999; 211: 698-708. (Pubitemid 29249466)
19. Mahrholdt H, Wagner A, Judd RM, Sechtem U,. Assessment of myocardial viability by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 602-619. (Pubitemid 35204245)
20. Matsumoto H, Matsuda T, Miyamoto K, Shimada T, Mikuri M, Hiraoka Y,. Peri-infarct zone on early contrast-enhanced CMR imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4: 610-618.
21. Leung SW, Hsu L-Y, Berry C, Wilson J, Kellman P, Arai AE,. Early gadolinium enhancement represents area at risk not infarct size: timing and kinetics are critical in interpreting MRI of acute myocardial infarction. In: Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Heart Association, 2011. (abstract 16686).
22. Ugander M, Bagi PS, Oki AJ, et al. Myocardial edema as detected by pre-contrast T1 and T2 MRI delineates area at risk associated with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 (in press).
23. Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004; 109: 2411-2416. (Pubitemid 38679560)
24. Wu KC, Zerhouni EA, Judd RM, et al. Prognostic significance of microvascular obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998; 97: 765-772. (Pubitemid 28135339)
25. Choi KM, Kim RJ, Gubernikoff G, Vargas JD, Parker M, Judd RM,. Transmural extent of acute myocardial infarction predicts long-term improvement in contractile function. Circulation 2001; 104: 1101-1107. (Pubitemid 32830391)
26. Kim RJ, Shah DJ, Judd RM,. How we perform delayed enhancement imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2003; 5: 505-514. (Pubitemid 36859434)
27. Kellman P, Arai AE, McVeigh ER, Aletras AH,. Phase sensitive inversion recovery for detecting myocardial infarction using gadolinium delayed hyperenhancement. Magn Reson Med 2002; 47: 372-383. (Pubitemid 34116807)
28. Simonetti OP, Kim RJ, Fieno DS, et al. An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction. Radiology 2001; 218: 215-223. (Pubitemid 32151298)
29. Huber A, Hayes C, Spannagl B, et al. Phase-sensitive inversion recovery single-shot balanced steady-state free precession for detection of myocardial infarction during a single breathhold. Acad Radiol 2007; 14: 1500-1508. (Pubitemid 350123600)
30. Kellman P, Larson AC, Hsu L, et al. Motion corrected free-breathing delayed enhancement imaging of myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Med 2005; 53: 194-200. (Pubitemid 40110492)
31. Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Kellman P, Arai AE, McVeigh ER,. Motion corrected free-breathing delayed enhancement imaging of myocardial infarction using nonrigid registration. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 184-190. (Pubitemid 47235249)
32. Chung Y, Vargas J, Simonetti O, Kim R, Judd R,. Infarct imaging in a single heart beat. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2002; 4: 12-13.
33. Huber A, Schoenberg SO, Spannagl B, et al. Single-shot inversion recovery TrueFISP for assessment of myocardial infarction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 186: 627-633. (Pubitemid 46100248)
34. Huber A, Bauner K, Wintersperger BJ, et al. Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) single-shot TrueFISP for assessment of myocardial infarction at 3 tesla. Invest Radiol 2006; 41: 148-153. (Pubitemid 44406212)
35. Sievers B, Elliott MD, Hurwitz LM, et al. Rapid detection of myocardial infarction by subsecond, free-breathing delayed contrast-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 2007; 115: 236-244. (Pubitemid 46105723)
36. Goldfarb JW, Shinnar M,. Free-breathing delayed hyperenhanced imaging of the myocardium: a clinical application of real-time navigator echo imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24: 66-71.
37. Gupta A, Lee VS, Chung YC, Babb JS, Simonetti OP,. Myocardial infarction: optimization of inversion times at delayed contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2004; 233: 921-926.
38. Schmitt P, Griswold MA, Jakob PM, et al. Inversion recovery TrueFISP: quantification of T(1), T(2), and spin density. Magn Reson Med 2004; 51: 661-667. (Pubitemid 38420441)
39. Erratum in: Magn Reson Med 2004; 52: 698.
40. Messroghli DR, Greiser A, Frohlich M, Dietz R, Schulz-Menger J,. Optimization and validation of a fully-integrated pulse sequence for modified look-locker inversion-recovery (molli) t1 mapping of the heart. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 1081-1086. (Pubitemid 47548170)
41. Huber AM, Schoenberg SO, Hayes C, et al. Phase-sensitive inversion-recovery MR imaging in the detection of myocardial infarction. Radiology 2005; 237: 854-860. (Pubitemid 41636372)
42. Setser RM, Chung YC, Weaver JA, Stillman AE, Simonetti OP, White RD,. Effect of inversion time on delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging with and without phase-sensitive reconstruction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 21: 650-655. (Pubitemid 40586766)
43. Foo TK, Stanley DW, Castillo E, et al. Myocardial viability: breath-hold 3D MR imaging of delayed hyperenhancement with variable sampling in time. Radiology 2004; 230: 845-851. (Pubitemid 38252886)
44. Kuhl HP, Papavasiliu TS, Beek AM, Hofman MB, Heusen NS, van Rossum AC,. Myocardial viability: rapid assessment with delayed contrast-enhanced MR imaging with three-dimensional inversion recovery prepared pulse sequence. Radiology 2004; 230: 576-582. (Pubitemid 38133825)
45. Goetti R, Kozerke S, Donati OF, et al. Acute, subacute, and chronic myocardial infarction: quantitative comparison of 2D and 3D late gadolinium enhancement MR imaging. Radiology 2011; 259: 704-711.
46. Peters DC, Wylie JV, Hauser TH, et al. Detection of pulmonary vein and left atrial scar after catheter ablation with three-dimensional navigator-gated delayed enhancement MR imaging: initial experience. Radiology 2007; 243: 690-695. (Pubitemid 46799421)
47. Amano Y, Matsumura Y, Kumita S,. Free-breathing high-spatial-resolution delayed contrast-enhanced three-dimensional viability MR imaging of the myocardium at 3.0 T: a feasibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 28: 1361-1367.
48. Saranathan M, Rochitte CE, Foo TK,. Fast, three-dimensional freebreathing MR imaging of myocardial infarction: a feasibility study. Magn Reson Med 2004; 51: 1055-1060. (Pubitemid 38580620)
49. Nguyen TD, Spincemaille P, Weinsaft JW, et al. A fast navigator gated 3D sequence for delayed enhancement MRI of the myocardium: comparison with breathhold 2D imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 27: 802-808. (Pubitemid 351508095)
50. Kino A, Zuehlsdorff S, Sheehan JJ, et al. Three-dimensional phase-sensitive inversion-recovery turbo FLASH sequence for the evaluation of left ventricular myocardial scar. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193: W381-W388.
51. Peters DC, Appelbaum EA, Nezafat R, et al. Left ventricular infarct size, peri-infarct zone, and papillary scar measurements: a comparison of high-resolution 3D and conventional 2D late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 30: 794-800.
52. Kellman P, Chung Y, Simonetti OP, McVeigh ER, Arai AE,. Multi-contrast delayed enhancement (MCODE) provides improved contrast between myocardial infarction and blood pool. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 22: 605-613. (Pubitemid 41572712)
53. Detsky JS, Stainsby JA, Vijayaraghavan R, Graham JJ, Dick AJ, Wright GA,. Inversion-recovery-prepared SSFP for cardiac-phase-resolved delayed-enhancement MRI. Magn Reson Med 2007; 58: 365-372. (Pubitemid 47267654)
54. Farrelly C, Rehwald W, Salerno M, et al. Improved detection of subendocardial hyperenhancement in myocardial infarction using dark blood-pool delayed enhancement MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196: 339-348.
55. Molinari G, Sardanelli F, Zandrino F, et al. Adipose replacement and wall motion abnormalities in right ventricle arrhythmias: evaluation by MR imaging. Retrospective evaluation on 124 patients. Int J Card Imaging 2000;16:105-115. Erratum in Int J Card Imaging 2000; 16: 485. (Pubitemid 32674326)
56. Vignaux O, Lazarus A, Varin J, et al. Right ventricular MR abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy and relationship with intracardiac electrophysiologic test findings: initial results. Radiology 2002; 224: 231-235. (Pubitemid 34685512)
57. Burke AP, Farb A, Tashko G, Virmani R,. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium: are they different diseases? Circulation 1998; 97: 1571-1580. (Pubitemid 28186185)
58. Kellman P, Hernando D, Shah S, et al. Multi-echo Dixon fat and water separation method for detecting fibro-fatty infiltration in the myocardium. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61: 215-221.
59. Kellman P, Hernando D, Arai AE,. Myocardial fat imaging. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 2010; 3: 83-91.
60. Goldfarb JW,. Fat-water separated delayed hyperenhanced myocardial infarct imaging. Magn Reson Med 2008; 60: 503-509.
61. Reeder SB, Wen Z, Yu H, et al. Multicoil Dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least squares estimation method. Magn Reson Med 2004; 51: 35-45. (Pubitemid 38095700)
62. Reeder SB, Markl M, Yu H, Hellinger JC, Herfkens RJ, Pelc NJ,. Cardiac CINE imaging with IDEAL water-fat separation and steady-state free precession. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 22: 44-52. (Pubitemid 40885127)
63. Hernando D, Kellman P, Haldar JP, Liang Z-P,. Robust water/fat separation in the presence of large field inhomogeneities using a graph cut algorithm. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63: 79-90.
64. Kellman P, Hernando D, Shah S, Chefd'hotel C, Liang Z-P, Arai AE,. Free-breathing, single shot fat-water separated cardiac imaging with motion corrected averaging. In: Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM, Stockholm, 2010. (abstract 3662).
65. Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA,. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 891-903.
66. Gai N, Turkbey EB, Nazarian S, et al. T1 mapping of the gadolinium-enhanced myocardium: adjustment for factors affecting interpatient comparison. Magn Reson Med 2011; 65: 1407-1415.
67. Jerosch-Herold M, Sheridan DC, Kushner JD, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial contrast uptake and blood flow in patients affected with idiopathic or familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295: H1234-H1242.
68. Schelbert E, Testa SM, Meier CG, et al. Myocardial extracellular volume fraction measurement by gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance in humans: slow infusion versus bolus. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13: 16.
69. Xue H, Shah S, Greiser A, et al. Motion correction for myocardial T1 mapping using image registration with synthetic image estimation. Magn Reson Med [Epub ahead of print].
70. Goldfarb JW, Arnold S, Schapiro W, Reichek N,. On the cause of spatial displacement of long T1 species in segmented inversion recovery prepared imaging. Magn Reson Med 2005; 54: 481-485. (Pubitemid 41033570)
71. Dyke CK, Kellman P, Aletras AH, Arai AE,. Pericardial effusion or epicardial fat? Improved discrimination with phase-sensitive inversion recovery MRI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2003; 5: 279.
72. Kellman P, Dyke CK, Aletras AH, McVeigh ER, Arai AE,. Artifact suppression in delayed hyperenhancement imaging of myocardial infarction using B1-weighted phased array combined phase sensitive inversion recovery. Magn Reson Med 2004; 51: 408-412. (Pubitemid 38168603)
73. Schelbert EB, Hsu LY, Anderson SA, et al. Late gadolinium-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance identifies postinfarction myocardial fibrosis and the border zone at the near cellular level in ex vivo rat heart. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3: 743-752.