Assessment of Psychosocial and Functional Impact of Chronic Pain

Journal of Pain

Volumn 17, Issue 9, 2016, Pages T21-T49

  Turk, Dennis C ^a   Fillingim, Roger B ^b   Ohrbach, Richard ^c   Patel, Kushang V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

beliefs; Biopsychosocial; classification; fatigue; mood; physical function; sleep; social support; taxonomy

Indexed keywords

ACCELEROMETRY; ACTIMETRY; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CATASTROPHIZING; CHRONIC PAIN; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMORBIDITY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; FATIGUE; FEAR; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HELPLESSNESS; HUMAN; MOOD; PAIN ASSESSMENT; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING; SELF CONCEPT; SELF REPORT; SLEEP; SLEEP QUALITY; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; CHRONIC PAIN; HUMANS; PAIN MEASUREMENT; QUALITY OF LIFE;

EID: 84992170616     PISSN: 15265900     EISSN: 15288447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.006     Document Type: Article

References (245)

1. 1 Allen, K.D., The value of measuring variability in osteoarthritis pain. J Rheumatol 34 (2007), 2132–2133.
2. 2 Allen, K.D., Golightly, Y.M., Olsen, M.K., Pilot study of pain and coping among patients with osteoarthritis: A daily diary analysis. J Clin Rheumatol 12 (2006), 118–123.
3. 3 Amtmann, D., Cook, K.F., Jensen, M.P., Chen, W.H., Choi, S., Revicki, D., Cella, D., Rothrock, N., Keefe, F., Callahan, L., Lai, J.S., Development of a PROMIS item bank to measure pain interference. Pain 150 (2010), 173–182.
4. 4 Anderson, K.O., Dowds, B.N., Pelletz, R.E., Edwards, W.T., Peeters-Asdourian, C., Development and initial validation of a scale to measure self-efficacy beliefs in patients with chronic pain. Pain 63 (1995), 77–84.
5. 5 Arnold, L.M., Wang, F., Ahl, J., Gaynor, P.J., Wohlreich, M.M., Improvement in multiple dimensions of fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia treated with duloxetine: secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther, 13, 2011, R86.
6. 6 Arnow, B.A., Blasey, C.M., Constantino, M.J., Robinson, R., Hunkeler, E., Lee, J., Fireman, B., Khaylis, A., Feiner, L., Hayward, C., Catastrophizing, depression and pain-related disability. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 33 (2011), 150–156.
7. 7 Arnstein, P., The mediation of disability by self efficacy in different samples of chronic pain patients. Disabil Rehabil 22 (2000), 794–801.
8. 8 Arnstein, P., Caudill, M., Mandle, C.L., Norris, A., Beasley, R., Self efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between pain intensity, disability and depression in chronic pain patients. Pain 80 (1999), 483–491.
9. 9 Arthritis Care and Research Supplement, Katz P, Guest Editor. Arthritis Care Res, 63(no S11), 2011.
10. 10 Askew, R.L., Kim, J., Chung, H., Cook, K.F., Johnson, K.L., Amtmann, D., Development of a crosswalk for pain interference measured by the BPI and PROMIS pain interference short form. Qual Life Res 22 (2013), 2769–2776.
11. 11 Bair, M.J., Robinson, R.L., Katon, W., Kroenke, K., Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003), 2433–2445.
12. 12 Balke, B., A simple field test for the assessment of physical fitness. Rep Civ Aeromed Res Inst US 53 (1963), 1–8.
13. 13 Bastien, C.H., Vallieres, A., Morin, C.M., Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med 2 (2001), 297–307.
14. 14 Beaton, D.E., Wright, J.G., Katz, J.N., Development of the QuickDASH: Comparison of three item-reduction approaches. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87 (2005), 1038–1046.
15. 15 Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R.A., An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 56 (1988), 893–897.
16. 16 Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Brown, G.K., Beck Depression Inventory. 2nd ed., 1996, The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX.
17. 17 Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J., An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4 (1961), 561–571.
18. 18 Bellamy, N., WOMAC osteoarthritis index: A user's guide. 1993, University of Western Ontario, London.
19. 19 Bellamy, N., Buchanan, W.W., Goldsmith, C.H., Campbell, J., Stitt, L.W., Validation study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 15 (1988), 1833–1840.
20. 20 Bellamy, N., Sothern, R.B., Campbell, J., Rhythmic variations in pain perception in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 17 (1990), 364–372.
21. 21 Bennell, K., Dobson, F., Hinman, R., Measures of physical performance assessments. Self-Paced Walk Test (SPWT), Stair Climb Test (SCT), Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Chair Stand Test (CST), Timed Up & Go (TuG), Sock Test, Lift and Carry Test (LCT), and Car Task. Arthritis Care Res 63:No. S11 (2011), S350–S370.
22. 22 Bennett, R.M., Friend, R., Jones, K.D., Ward, R., Han, B.K., Ross, R.L., The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR): Validation and psychometric properties. Arthritis Res Ther, 11, 2009, R120.
23. 23 Benyon, K., Hill, S., Zadurian, N., Mallen, C., Coping strategies and self-efficacy as predictors of outcome in osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Musculoskeletal Care 8 (2010), 224–236.
24. 24 Bergner, M., Bobbitt, R.A., Carter, W.B., Gilson, B.S., The Sickness Impact Profile: Development and final revision of a health status measure. Med Care 19 (1981), 787–805.
25. 25 Bieniek, S., Bethge, M., The reliability of WorkWell Systems Functional Capacity Evaluation: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 15, 2014, 106.
26. 26 Bohannon, R.W., Reference values for the five-repetition sit-to-stand test: a descriptive meta-analysis of data from elders. Percept Mot Skills 103 (2006), 215–222.
27. 27 Bohannon, R.W., Reference values for the Timed Up and Go Test: a descriptive meta-analysis. J Geriatr Phys Ther 29 (2006), 64–68.
28. 28 Bohannon, R.W., Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants. Age Ageing 26 (1997), 15–19.
29. 29 Bot, A.G., Nota, S.P., Ring, D., The creation of an abbreviated version of the PSEQ: The PSEQ-2. Psychosomatics 55 (2013), 381–385.
30. 30 Brennan, M.J., Lieberman, J.A. 3rd, Sleep disturbances in patients with chronic pain: effectively managing opioid analgesia to improve outcomes. Curr Med Res Opin 25 (2009), 1045–1055.
31. 31 Broadhead, W.E., Gehlbach, S.H., De Gruy, F.V., Kaplan, B.H., The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire: measurement of social support in family medicine patients. Med Care 26 (1988), 709–723.
32. 32 Brown, M., Dijkers, M.P., Gordon, W.A., Ashman, T., Charatz, H., Cheng, Z., Participation Objective, Participation Subjective: a measure of participation combining outsider and insider perspectives. J Head Trauma Rehabil 19 (2004), 459–481.
33. 33 Brown, G.K., Nicassio, P.M., The development of a questionnaire for the assessment of active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients. Pain 3 (1987), 53–65.
34. 34 Buckelew, S.P., Murray, S.E., Hewett, J.E., Johnson, J., Huyser, B., Self-efficacy, pain, and physical activity among fibromyalgia subjects. Arthritis Care Res 8 (1995), 43–50.
35. 35 Burckhardt, C.S., Clark, S.R., Bennett, R.M., The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire: development and validation. J Rheumatol 18 (1991), 728–733.
36. 36 Burns, J.W., Glenn, B., Bruehl, S., Harden, R.N., Lofland, K., Cognitive factors influence outcome following multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment: a replication and extension of a cross-lagged panel analysis. Behav Res Ther 41 (2003), 1163–1182.
37. 37 Busch, H., Goransson, S., Melin, B., Self-efficacy beliefs predict sustained long-term sick absenteeism in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain Pract 7 (2007), 234–240.
38. 38 Buysse, D.J., Reynolds, C.F. III, Monk, T.H., Berman, S.R., Kupfer, D.J., The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 28 (1989), 193–213.
39. 39 Buysse, D.J., Yu, L., Moul, D.E., Germain, A., Stover, A., Dodds, N.E., Johnston, K.L., Shablesky-Cade, M.A., Pilkonis, P.A., Development and validation of patient-reported outcome measures for sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairments. Sleep 33 (2010), 781–792.
40. 40 Cardol, M., de Haan, R.J., de Jong, V.A., van den Bos, G.A., de Groot, I.J., Psychometric properties of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82 (2001), 210–216.
41. 41 Cardol, M., de Haan, R.J., van den Bos, G.A., de Jong, V.A., de Groot, I.J., The development of a handicap assessment questionnaire: the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA). Clin Rehabil 13 (1999), 411–419.
42. 42 Carson, R.C., Hollon, S.D., Shelton, R.C., Depressive realism and clinical depression. Behav Res Ther 48 (2010), 257–265.
43. 43 Cella, D., Gershon, R.C., Lai, J.S., Choi, S.W., The future of outcomes measurement: Item banking, tailored short-forms, and computerized adaptive assessment. Qual Life Res 16:S1 (2007), 133–141.
44. 44 Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., Amtmann, D., Bodea, R., Buysse, D., Choi, S., Cooke, K., DeVellis, R., DeWalth, D., Fries, J.F., Gershon, R., Hahn, E.A., Lai, J.S., Pilkonis, P., Revicki, D., Rosek, M., Weinfurt, K., Hays, R., on behalf of the PROMIS Cooperative Group. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005-2008. J Clin Epidemiol 63 (2010), 1179–1794.
45. 45 Chakravarty, E.F., Bjorner, J.B., Fries, J.F., Improving patient reported outcomes using item response theory and computerized adaptive testing. J Rheumatol 34 (2007), 1426–1431.
46. 46 Chalder, T., Berelowitz, G., Pawlikowska, T., Watts, L., Wessely, S., Wright, D., Wallace, E.P., Development of a fatigue scale. J Psychosom Res 37 (1993), 147–153.
47. 47 Chiarotto, A., Deyo, R.A., Terwee, C.B., Boers, M., Buchbinder, R., Corbin, T.P., Costa, L.O.P., Foster, N.E., Grotle, M., Koes, B.W., Kovacs, F.M., Lin, C.-W.C., Maher, C.G., Pearson, A.M., Peul, W.C., Schoene, M.L., Turk, D.C., van Tulder, M.W., Ostelo, R.W., Core outcome domains for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J 24 (2015), 1127–1142.
48. 48 Chong, G.S., Cogan, D., Randolph, P., Racz, G., Chronic pain and self-efficacy: The effects of age, sex, and chronicity. Pain Pract 1 (2001), 338–343.
49. 49 Chouchou, F., Khoury, S., Chauny, J.M., Denis, R., Lavigne, G.J., Postoperative sleep disruptions: A potential catalyst of acute pain?. Sleep Med Rev 18 (2014), 273–282.
50. 50 Cleeland CS: The Brief Pain Inventory User Guide, 2009. Available at: http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/departments-programs-and-labs/departments-and-divisions/symptom-research/symptom-assessment-tools/BPI_UserGuide.pdf. Accessed May 15, 2015.
51. 51 Cleeland, C.S., Ryan, K.M., Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Ann Acad Med Singapore 23 (1994), 129–138.
52. 52 COMET Initiative: Available at: http://www.comet-initiative.org. Accessed January 31, 2016.
53. 53 Cook, K.F., Choi, S.W., Crane, P.K., Deyo, R.A., Johnson, K.L., Amtmann, A., Letting the CAT out of the bag: Comparing computer adaptive tests and an 11-Item Short Form of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. Spine 33 (2008), 1378–1383.
54. 54 Costa, L.C., Maher, C.G., McAuley, J.H., Hancock, M.J., Smeets, R.J., Self-efficacy is more important than fear of movement in mediating the relationship between pain and disability in chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain 15 (2011), 213–219.
55. 55 Crombez, G., Vlaeyen, J.W., Heuts, H.T., Lysens, R., Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: Evidence for the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain 80 (1999), 329–339.
56. 56 Culhane, K.M., O'connor, M., Lyons, D., Lyons, G.M., Accelerometers in rehabilitation medicine for older adults. Age Ageing 34 (2005), 556–560.
57. 57 Dansie, E.J., Turk, D.C., Martin, K.R., Van Domelen, D.R., Patel, K.V., Association of chronic widespread pain with objectively measured physical activity in adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Pain 15 (2014), 507–515.
58. 58 De Bruin, A.F., Diederiks, J.P., De Witte, L.P., Stevens, F.C., Philipson, H., The development of a short generic version of the Sickness Impact Profile. J Clin Epidemiol 47 (1994), 407–418.
59. 59 Deyo, R.A., Dworkin, S.F., Amtmann, D., Andersson, G., Borenstein, D., Carragee, E., Carrino, J., Chou, R., Cook, K., DeLitto, A., Goertz, C., Khalsa, P., Loeser, J., Mackey, S., Panagis, J., Rainville, J., Tosteson, T., Turk, D., Von Korff, M., Weiner, D.K., Report of the NIH Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain. J Pain 15 (2014), 569–585.
60. 60 Douglass, A.B., Bornstein, R., Nino-Murcia, G., Keenan, S., Miles, L., Zarcone, V.P. Jr., Guilleminault, C., Dement, W.C., The Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. I: Creation and multivariate structure of SDQ. Sleep 17 (1994), 160–167.
61. 61 Drewes, A.M., Pain and sleep disturbances with special reference to fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 38 (1999), 1035–1038.
62. 62 Drewes, A.M., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Pain and sleep in medical diseases: interactions and treatment possibilities. A review. Sleep Research Online, 4, 2001, 67.
63. 63 Dworkin, S.F., LeResche, L., Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. J Craniomandib Disord 6 (1992), 302–355.
64. 64 Dworkin, R.H., Nagasako, E.M., Johnson, R.W., Griffin, D.R., Acute pain in herpes zoster: The famciclovir database project. Pain 94 (2001), 113–119.
65. 65 Dworkin, R., Turk, D., Farrar, J., Haythornthwaite, J., Jensen, M., Katz, N., Kerns, R., Stucki, G., Allen, R., Bellamy, N., Carr, D., Chandler, J., Cowan, P., Dionne, R., Galer, B., Hertz, S., Jadad, A., Kramer, L., Manning, D., Martin, S., McCormick, C., McDermott, M., McGrath, P., Quessy, S., Rappaport, B., Robbins, W., Robinson, J., Rothman, M., Royal, M., Simon, L., Stauffer, J., Stein, W., Tollett, J., Wernicke, J., Witter, J., Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain 113 (2005), 9–19.
66. 66 Edwards, R.R., Dworkin, R.H., Sullivan, M.D., Turk, D.C., Wasan, A.D., The role of psychosocial processes in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. J Pain 17 (2016), T70–T92.
67. 67 Edwards, L.C., Pearce, S.A., Turner-Stokes, L., Jones, A., The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire: an investigation of beliefs in the causes and consequences of pain. Pain 51 (1992), 267–272.
68. 68 Eich, E., Reeves, J.L., Jaeger, B., Graff-Radford, S.B., Memory for pain: relation between past and present pain intensity. Pain 23 (1985), 375–380.
69. 69 Evers, A.W., Fraaimat, F.W., Geenen, R., Bijlsma, J.W., Pain coping and social support as predictors of long-term functional disability and pain in early rheumatoid arthritis. Behav Res Ther 41 (2003), 1295–1310.
70. 70 Fairbank, J.C., Couper, J., Davies, J.B., O'Brien, J.P., The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. Physiotherapy 66 (1980), 271–273.
71. 71 Finan, P.H., Goodin, B.R., Smith, M.T., The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain 14 (2013), 1539–1552.
72. 72 Finan, P.H., Smith, M.T., The comorbidity of insomnia, chronic pain, and depression: dopamine as a putative mechanism. Sleep Med Rev 17 (2013), 173–183.
73. 73 Flor, H., Turk, D.C., Chronic Pain: An Integrated Biobehavioral Approach. 2011, IASP Press, Seattle, WA.
74. 74 Flor, H., Turk, D.C., Rudy, T.E., Relationship of pain impact and significant other reinforcement of pain behaviors: the mediating role of gender, marital status, and marital satisfaction. Pain 38 (1989), 45–50.
75. 75 Fore, L., Perez, Y., Neblett, R., Asih, S., Mayer, T.G., Gatchel, R.J., Improved functional capacity evaluation performance predicts successful return to work one year after completing a functional restoration rehabilitation program. PM R 7 (2015), 365–375.
76. 76 Fowler, F.J. Jr., Cleary, P.D., Magaziner, J., Patrick, D.L., Benjamin, K.L., Methodological issues in measuring patient-reported outcomes: the agenda of the Work Group Outcomes Assessment. Med Care 32 (1994), JS65–JS76.
77. 77 Fries, J.F., Bruce, B., Cella, D., The Promise of PROMIS: using item response theory to improve assessment of patient-reported outcomes. Clin Exp Rheumatol 23 (2005), S53–S57.
78. 78 Fries, J.F., Spitz, P., Kraines, G., Holman, H., Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 23 (1980), 137–145.
79. 79 Gatchel, R.J., Peng, Y.B., Peters, M.L., Fuchs, P.N., Turk, D.C., The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions. Psychol Bull 133 (2007), 581–624.
80. 80 Geisser, M.E., Robinson, M.E., Keefe, F.J., Weiner, M.L., Catastrophizing, depression and the sensory, affective and evaluative aspects of chronic pain. Pain 59 (1994), 79–83.
81. 81 Gendreau, M., Hufford, M.R., Stone, A.A., Measuring clinical pain in chronic widespread pain: selected methodological issues. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 17 (2003), 575–592.
82. 82 Gheldof, E.L., Vinck, J., Van den Bussche, E., Vlaeyen, J.W., Hidding, A., Crombez, G., Pain and pain-related fear are associated with functional and social disability in an occupational setting: evidence of mediation by pain-related fear. Eur J Pain 10 (2006), 513–526.
83. 83 Gignac, M.A., Badley, E.M., Lacaille, D., Cott, C.C., Adam, P., Anis, A.H., Managing arthritis and employment: making arthritis-related work changes as a mean of adaptation. Arthritis Rheum 51 (2004), 909–916.
84. 84 Gignac, M.A.M., Cao, X., McAlpine, J., Badley, E.M., Measures of disability. Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2-Short Form (AIM2-SF), The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develop (OECD) Long-term Disability (LTD) Questionnaire, EQ-5D, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODASII), Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI), and Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument-Abbreviated Version (LLFDI-Abbreviated). Arthritis Care Res 63:No. S11 (2011), S308–S324.
85. 85 Gilworth, G., Chamberlain, M.A., Harvey, A., Woodhouse, A., Smith, J., Smyth, M.G., Development of a work instability scale for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 49 (2003), 349–354.
86. 86 Goubert, L., Crombez, G., van Damme, S., Vlaeyen, J.W., Bijttebier, P., Roelofs, J., Confirmatory factor analysis of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Clin J Pain 20 (2004), 103–110.
87. 87 Gracely, R.H., Geisser, M.E., Giesecke, T., Grant, M.A., Petzke, F., Williams, D.A., Clauw, D.J., Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia. Brain 127 (2004), 835–843.
88. 88 Grotle, M., Vollestad, N.K., Brox, J.I., Clinical course and impact of fear-avoidance beliefs in low back pain. Prospective cohort study of acute and chronic low back pain. Spine 31 (2006), 1038–1046.
89. 89 Hadjistavropoulos, T., Herr, K., Turk, D.C., Fine, P.G., Dworkin, R.H., Helme, R., Jackson, K., Parmelee, P.A., Rudy, T.E., Beattie, B.L., Chibnall, J.T., Craig, K.D., Ferrell, B., Ferrell, B., Fillingim, R.B., Gagliese, L., Gallagher, R., Gibson, S.J., Harrison, E.L., Katz, B., Keefe, F.J., Lieber, S.J., Lussier, D., Schmader, K.E., Tait, R.C., Weiner, D.K., Williams, J., An interdisciplinary expert consensus statement on assessment of pain in older persons. Clin J Pain 23 (2007), S1–S43.
90. 90 Hasenbring, M.I., Verbunt, J.A., Fear-avoidance and endurance-related responses to pain: new models of behavior and their consequences for clinical practice. Clin J Pain 26 (2010), 747–753.
91. 91 Hays, R.D., Stewart, A.L., Sleep measures. Stewart, A., Ware, J., (eds.) Measuring Functioning and Well-Being; The Medical Outcomes Study Approach, 1992, Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., 235–259.
92. 92 Henschke, N., Maher, C.G., Refshauge, K.M., Herbert, R.D., Cumming, R.G., Bleasel, J., York, J., Das, A., McAuley, J.H., Prognosis in patients with recent onset low back pain in Australian primary care: inception cohort study. BMJ, 337, 2008, a171.
93. 93 Hill, J.C., Dunn, K.M., Lewis, M., Mullins, R., Main, C.J., Foster, N.E., A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment. Arthritis Rheum 59 (2008), 632–641.
94. 94 Hinchcliff, M., Beaumont, J.L., Thavarahah, K., Varga, J., Chung, A., Podlusky, S., Carns, M., Chang, R.W., Cella, D., Validity of two new patient-reported outcome measures in systemic sclerosis: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item health profile and functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-dyspnea short form. Arthritis Care Res 63 (2011), 1620–1628.
95. 95 Holzman, S., Newth, S., Delongis, A., The role of social support in cooping with daily pain among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Health Psychol 9 (2004), 677–695.
96. 96 Hunt, S.M., McKenna, S.P., McEwen, J., Backett, E.M., Williams, J., Papp, E., A quantitative approach to perceived health status: a validation study. J Epidemiol Community Health 34 (1980), 281–286.
97. 97 Hurst, N.P., Kind, P., Ruta, D., Hunter, M., Stubbings, A., Measuring health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: validity, responsiveness and reliability of EuroQol (EQ-5D). Br J Rheumatol 36 (1997), 551–559.
98. 98 Hutchings, A., Calloway, M., Choy, E., Hooper, M., Junter, D.J., Jordan, J.M., Zhang, Y., Baser, O., Long, S., The Longitudinal Examination of Arthritis Pain (LEAP) study: relationships between weekly fluctuations in patient-rated joint pain and other health outcomes. J Rheumatol 34 (2007), 2291–2300.
99. 99 IMMPACT. Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials: Available at: http://www.immpact.org. Accessed January 31, 2016.
100. 100 Ingram, R.E., Atkinson, J.H., Slater, M.A., Saccuzzo, D.P., Garfin, S.R., Negative and positive cognition in depressed and nondepressed chronic-pain patients. Health Psychol 9 (1990), 300–314.
101. 101 Irwin, M., Artin, K.H., Oxman, M., Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Arch Intern Med 159 (1999), 1701–1704.
102. 102 Jamison, R.N., Sbrocco, T., Parris, W.C., The influence of physical and psychosocial factors on accuracy of memory for pain in chronic pain patients. Pain 37 (1989), 289–294.
103. 103 Jarvik, J.G., Hollingworth, W., Heagerty, P.J., Haynor, D.R., Boyko, E.J., Deyo, R.A., Three-year incidence of low back pain in an initially asymptomatic cohort: clinical and imaging risk factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 30 (2005), 1541–1548 discussion 1549, 2005.
104. 104 Jenkins, D.C., Stanton, B., Niemcryk, S.J., Rose, R.M., A scale for the estimation of sleep problems in clinical research. J Clin Epidemiol 41 (1988), 313–321.
105. 105 Jensen, M.P., Ehde, D.M., Hoffman, A.J., Patterson, D.R., Czerniecki, J.M., Roinson, L.R., Cognitions, coping and social environment predict adjustment to phantom limb pain. Pain 95 (2002), 133–142.
106. 106 Jensen, M.P., Karoly, P., Huger, P., The development and preliminary validation of an instrument to assess patients’ attitudez toward pain. J Psychosom Res 31 (1987), 393–400.
107. 107 Jensen, M.P., Turner, J.A., Romano, J.M., Changes after multidisciplinary pain treatment in patient pain beliefs and coping are associated with concurrent changes in patient functioning. Pain 131 (2007), 38–47.
108. 108 Jensen, M.P., Turner, J.A., Romano, J.M., Strom, S.E., The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory: development and preliminary validation. Pain 60 (1995), 203–216.
109. 109 Kaplan, R.M., Sieber, W.J., Caniats, T.G., The Quality of Well-Being Scale: comparison of the interview-administered version with a self-administered questionnaire. Psych Health 12 (1997), 783–791.
110. 110 Katon, W., The impact of depression on workplace functioning and disability costs. Am J Manag Care 15 (2009), S322–S327.
111. 111 Keefe, F.J., Brown, G.K., Wallston, K.A., Caldwell, D.S., Coping with rheumatoid arthritis pain: catastrophizing as a maladaptive strategy. Pain 37 (1989), 51–56.
112. 112 Keefe, F.J., Rumble, M.E., Scipio, C.D., Giordano, L.A., Perri, L.M., Psychological aspects of persistent pain: current state of the science. J Pain 5 (2004), 195–211.
113. 113 Keith, R.A., Granger, C.V., Hamilton, B.B., Sherwin, F.S., The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil 1:3503663 (1987), 6–18.
114. 114 Kerns, R.D., Turk, D.C., Rudy, T.E., The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 23 (1985), 345–356.
115. 115 Khan, R.S., Ahmed, K., Blakeway, E., Skapinakis, P., Nihoyannopoulos, I., Macleod, K., Sevdalis, N., Ashrafian, H., Platt, M., Darzi, A., Athanasiou, T., Catastrophizing: a predictive factor for postoperative pain. Am J Surg 201 (2011), 122–131.
116. 116 Kim, J., Chung, H., Amtmann, D., Revicki, D.A., Cook, K.F., Measurement invariance of the PROMIS pain interference item bank across community and clinical samples. Qual Life Res 22 (2013), 501–507.
117. 117 Kirwan, J.R., Hewlett, S., Patient perspective: reasons and methods for measuring fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 34 (2007), 1171–1173.
118. 118 Kori, S.H., Miller, R.P., Todd, D.D., Kinesiophobia: a new view of chronic pain behavior. Pain Management, 1990, 35–43.
119. 119 Krebs, E.E., Lorenz, K.A., Bair, M.J., Damush, T.M., Wu, J., Sutherland, J.M., Asch, S.M., Kroenke, K., Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med 24 (2009), 733–738.
120. 120 Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., Jannett, B.W., Williams, J.B., Lowe, B., An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics 50 (2009), 613–621.
121. 121 Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B., The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16 (2001), 606–613.
122. 122 Kroenke, K., Strine, T.W., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B., Berry, J.T., Mokdad, A.H., The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. J Affect Disord 114 (2009), 163–173.
123. 123 Kundermann, B., Spernal, J., Huber, M.T., Krieg, J.C., Lautenbacher, S., Sleep deprivation affects thermal pain thresholds but not somatosensory thresholds in healthy volunteers. Psychosom Med 66 (2004), 932–937.
124. 124 Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S., Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. 1984, Springer, New York.
125. 125 Lefebvre, M.F., Cognitive distortion and cognitive errors in depressed psychiatric and low back pain patients. J Consult Clin Psychol 49 (1981), 517–525.
126. 126 Linton, S.J., Hallden, K., Can we screen for problematic back pain? A screening questionnaire for predicting outcome in acute and subacute back pain. Clin J Pain 14 (1998), 209–215.
127. 127 Lorig, K., Chastain, R.L., Ung, E., Shoor, S., Holman, H.R., Development and evaluation of a scale to measure perceived self-efficacy in people with arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 32 (1989), 37–44.
128. 128 Lowe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingfled, K., Schneider, A., Brähler, E., A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire- 4 (PHQ-4) in the general population. J Affect Disord 122 (2011), 86–95.
129. 129 McCracken, L.M., Iverson, G.L., Disrupted sleep patterns and daily functioning in patients with chronic pain. Pain Res Manag 7 (2002), 75–79.
130. 130 McCracken, L.M., Zayfert, C., Gross, R.T., The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale: development and validation of a scale to measure fear of pain. Pain 50 (1992), 67–73.
131. 131 McGrath, P.J., Walco, G.A., Turk, D.C., Dworkin, R.H., Brown, M.T., Davidson, K., Eccleston, C., Finley, A.G., Goldschneider, K., Haverkos, L., Hertz, S.H., Ljungman, G., Palermo, T., Rappaport, B.A., Rhodes, T., Schechter, N., Scott, J., Sethna, N., Svensson, O.K., Stinson, J., von Baeyer, C., Walker, L., Weisman, S., White, R.E., Zajicek, A., Zeltzer, L., Core outcome domains and measures for pediatric acute and chronic/recurrent pain clinical trials: PedIMMPACT recommendations. J Pain 9 (2008), 771–783.
132. 132 McWilliams, I.A., Cox, B.J., Enns, M.W., Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: an examination in a nationally representative sample. Pain 106 (2003), 127–133.
133. 133 Mease, P.J., Palmer, R.H., Wang, Y., Effects of milnacipran on the multidimensional aspects of fatigue and the relationship of fatigue to pain and function: pooled analysis of 3 fibromyalgia trials. J Clin Rheumatol 20 (2014), 195–202.
134. 134 Meenan, R.F., Mason, J.H., Anderson, J.J., Guccione, A.A., Kazis, L.E., AIMS2: The content and properties of a revised and expanded Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales health status questionnaire. Arthritis Rheum 35 (1992), 1–10.
135. 135 Menefee, L.A., Cohen, M.J., Anderson, W.R., Doghramji, K., Frank, E.D., Lee, H., Sleep disturbance and nonmalignant chronic pain: a comprehensive review of the literature. Pain Med 1 (2000), 156–172.
136. 136 Morin, C., Gibson, D., Wade, J., Self-reported sleep and mood disturbance in chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain 14 (1984), 311–314.
137. 137 Murphy, S.L., Smith, D.M., Clauw, D.J., Alexander, N.B., The impact of momentary pain and fatigue on physical activity in women with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 59 (2008), 849–856.
138. 138 Nicassio, P.M., Moxham, E.G., Schuman, C.E., Gevirtz, R.N., The contribution of pain, reported sleep quality, and depressive symptoms to fatigue in fibromyalgia. Pain 100 (2002), 271–279.
139. 139 Nicholas, M.K., A 2-item short form of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: development and psychometric evaluation of PSEQ-2. J Pain 16 (2015), 153–163.
140. 140 Nicholas, M.K., The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: Taking pain into account. Eur J Pain 11 (2007), 153–163.
141. 141 Nickel, J.C., Tripp, D.A., Clinical and psychological parameters associated with pain pattern phenotypes in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. J Urol 193 (2015), 138–144.
142. 142 Nieto, R., Raichle, K.A., Jensen, M.P., Miro, J., Changes in pain-related beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing predict changes in pain intensity, pain interference, and psychological functioning in individuals with myotonic muscular dystrophy and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Clin J Pain 28 (2012), 47–54.
143. 143 O'Brien, E.M., Waxenberg, L.B., Atchison, J.W., Gremillion, H.A., Staud, R.M., McCrae, C.S., Robinson, M.E., Intraindividual variability in daily sleep and pain ratings among chronic pain patients: bidirectional association and the role of negative mood. Clin J Pain 27 (2011), 425–433.
144. 144 Ohrbach, R., Larsson, P., List, T., The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale: Development, reliability, and validity of 8-item and 20-item versions. J Orofac Pain 22 (2008), 219–230.
145. 145 Okifuji, A., Hare, B.D., Do sleep disorders contribute to pain sensitivity?. Curr Rheumatol Rep 13 (2011), 528–534.
146. 146 Okifuji, A., Hare, B.D., Nightly analyses of subjective and objective (actigraphy) measures of sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome: What accounts for the discrepancy?. Clin J Pain 27 (2011), 289–296.
147. 147 Omachi, T.A., Measures of sleep in rheumatologic diseases. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcome on Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Arthritis Care Res 63:No. S11 (2011), S287–S296.
148. 148 OMERACT: Outcome Measures in Rheumatology: Available at: http://www.omeract.org/. Accessed January 31, 2016.
149. 149 Onen, S.H., Alloui, A., Gross, A., Eschallier, A., Dubray, C., The effects of total sleep deprivation, selective sleep interruption and sleep recovery on pain tolerance thresholds in healthy subjects. J Sleep Res 10 (2001), 35–42.
150. 150 Onen, S.H., Onen, F., Courpron, P., Dubray, C., How pain and analgesics disturb sleep. Clin J Pain 21 (2005), 422–431.
151. 151 Patel, K.V., Dansie, E.J., Turk, D.C., Impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain on objectively measured daily physical activity: a review of current findings. Pain Manag 3 (2013), 467–474.
152. 152 Patten, S.B., Williams, J.V., Wang, J., Mental disorders in a population sample with musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 7, 2006, 37.
153. 153 Pavlin, D.J., Rapp, S.E., Polissar, N.L., Malmgren, J.A., Koerschgen, M., Keyes, H., Factors affecting discharge time in adult outpatients. Anesth Analg 87 (1998), 816–826.
154. 154 Pilkonis, P.A., Choi, S.W., Reise, S.P., Stover, A.M., Riley, W.T., Cella, D., Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): depression, anxiety, and anger. Assessment 18 (2011), 263–283.
155. 155 Pilowsky, I., Crettenden, I., Townley, M., Sleep disturbance in pain clinic patients. Pain 23 (1985), 27–33.
156. 156 Pincus, T., Summey, J.A., Soraci, S.A. Jr., Wallston, K.A., Hummon, N.P., Assessment of patient satisfaction in activities of daily living using a modified Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Arthritis Rheum 256 (1983), 1346–1353.
157. 157 Piper, B., Lindssey, A., Dodd, M., Ferkeitch, S., Paul, S., Weller, S., The development of an instrument to measure the subjective dimension of fatigue. Funk, S., Tornquist, E., Champagne, M., Wiese, R., (eds.) Key Aspects of Comfort Management of Pain, Fatigue, and Nausea, 1989, Springer, New York, 199–207.
158. 158 Podsiadlo, D., Richardson, S., The Timed ‘Up & Go’: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 39 (1991), 142–148.
159. 159 Pollard, C.A., Preliminary validity study of the Pain Disability Index. Percept Mot Skills, 59, 1984, 974.
160. 160 PROMIS: About PROMIS. Available at: http://www.nihpromis.org/about/abouthome. Accessed June 15, 2015.
161. 161 PROMIS: Accessing PROMIS Short Form Instruments. Available at: http://www.assessmentcenter.net/PromisForms.aspx. Accessed February 2, 2014.
162. 162 PROMIS: Dynamic Tools to Measure Health Outcomes from the Patient Perspective—Pain Intensity: A Brief Guide to the PROMIS Pain Intensity Instrument. 2014. Available at: https://www.assessmentcenter.net/documents/PROMIS%20Pain%20Intensity%20Scoring%20Manual.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2016.
163. 163 PROMIS: Profiles Scoring Manual, 2014. Available at: http://www.assessmentcenter.net/documents/PROMIS Profile Scoring Manual.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2016.
164. 164 PROMIS: Physical Function Scoring Manual, 2014. Available at: http://www.assessmentcenter.net/documents/PROMIS Physical Function Scoring Manual.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2016.
165. 165 PROMIS: Sleep Disturbance Scoring Manual 2014. Available at: http://www.assessmentcenter.net/documents/PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scoring Manual.pdf. Accessed March 16, 2016.
166. 166 Radloff, L.S., The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1 (1977), 385–401.
167. 167 Reeve, B.B., Special issues for building computerized-adaptive tests for measuring patient-reported outcomes: the NIH's investment in new technology. Med Care 44:Suppl. 3 (2006), S198–S204.
168. 168 Reeve, B.B., Item response theory modeling in health outcomes measurement. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 3 (2003), 131–145.
169. 169 Reilly, M.C., Zbrosek, A.S., Dukes, E.M., The validity and reproducibility of a work productivity and activity impairment instrument. Pharmacoeconomics 14 (1993), 812–819.
170. 170 Reise, S.P., Waller, N.G., Item response theory and clinical measurement. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 5 (2009), 25–46.
171. 171 Reneman, M.F., Schiphorts Preuper, H.R., Kleen, M., Geertzen, J.H., Dijkstra, P.U., Are pain intensity and pain related fear related to functional capacity evaluation performances of patients with chronic low back pain?. J Occup Rehabil 17 (2007), 247–258.
172. 172 Riddle, D.L., Wade, J.B., Jiranek, W.A., Kong, X., Preoperative pain catastrophizing predicts pain outcome after knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468 (2010), 798–806.
173. 173 Rikli, R.E., Jones, C.J., Functional fitness normative scores for community-residing older adults, ages 60-94. J Aging Phys Act 7 (1999), 162–181.
174. 174 Roelofs, J., Goubert, L., Peters, M.L., Vlaeyen, J.W., Crombez, G., The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: further examination of psychometrics in patients with chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain 8 (2004), 495–502.
175. 175 Roland, M., Morris, R., A study of the natural history of low-back pain. Part II: Development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 8 (1983), 145–150.
176. 176 Romano, J.M., Jensen, M.P., Turner, J.A., Good, A.B., Hops, H., Chronic pain patient-partner interactions: further support for a behavioural model of chronic pain. Behav Ther 31 (2000), 415–440.
177. 177 Rose, M., Bjomer, J.B., Becker, J., Fries, J.F., Ware, J.E., Evaluation of a preliminary physical function item bank supported the expected advantages of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). J Clin Epidemiol 61 (2008), 17–33.
178. 178 Rose, M., Bjorner, J.B., Gandek, B., Bruce, B., Fries, J.F., Ware John, E. Jr., The PROMIS Physical Function item bank was calibrated to a standardized metric and shown to improve measurement efficiency. J Clin Epidemiol 67 (2014), 516–526.
179. 179 Rosenstiel, A.K., Keefe, F.J., The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients’ relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain 17 (1983), 33–44.
180. 180 Salomons, T.V., Johnstone, T., Backonja, M.M., Davidson, R.J., Perceived controllability modulates the neural response to pain. J Neurosci 24 (2004), 7199–7203.
181. 181 Salomons, T.V., Johnstone, T., Backonja, M.M., Shackman, A.J., Davidson, R.J., Individual differences in the effects of perceived controllability on pain perception: critical role of the prefrontal cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 19 (2007), 993–1003.
182. 182 Sarda, J. Jr., Nicholas, M.K., Asghari, A., Pimenta, C.A., The contribution of self-efficacy and depression to disability and work status in chronic pain patients: a comparison between Australian and Brazilian samples. Eur J Pain 13 (2009), 189–195.
183. 183 Schiffman, E., Ohrbach, R., Truelove, E., Look, J., Anderson, G., Goulet, J.P., List, T., Svensson, P., Gonzalez, Y., Lobbezoo, F., Michelotti, A., Brooks, S.L., Ceusters, W., Drangsholt, M., Ettlin, D., Gaul, C., Goldberg, L.J., Haythornthwaite, J.A., Hollender, L., Jensen, R., John, M.T., De Laat, A., de Leeuw, R., Maixner, W., van der Meulen, M., Murray, G.M., Nixdorf, D.R., Palla, S., Petersson, A., Pionchon, P., Smith, B., Visscher, C.M., Zakrzewska, J., Dworkin, S.F., Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 28 (2014), 6–27.
184. 184 Seminowicz, D.A., Davis, K.D., Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing. Pain 120 (2006), 297–306.
185. 185 Severeijns, R., Vlaeyen, J.W., Van den Hout, M.A., Weber, W.E., Pain catastrophizing predicts pain intensity, disability, and psychological distress independent of the level of physical impairment. Clin J Pain 17 (2001), 165–172.
186. 186 Shaver, J.L., Sleep disturbed by chronic pain in fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and chronic pelvic pain syndromes. Sleep Med Clin 3 (2008), 47–60.
187. 187 Sheikh, J.L., Yesavage, J.A., Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin Gerontol 5 (1986), 163–173.
188. 188 Shelby, R.A., Somers, T.J., Keefe, F.J., Silva, S.G., McKee, D.C., She, L., Waters, S.J., Varia, I., Riordan, Y.B., Knowles, V.M., Blazing, M., Blumenthal, J.A., Johnson, P., Pain catastrophizing in patients with noncardiac chest pain: relationships with pain, anxiety, and disability. Psychosom Med 71 (2009), 861–868.
189. 189 Shrout, P.E., Yager, T.J., Reliability and validity of screening scales: effect of reducing scale length. J Clin Epidemiol 42 (1989), 69–78.
190. 190 Sivertsen, B., Krokstad, S., Overland, S., Mykletun, A., The epidemiology of insomnia: associations with physical and mental health. The HUNT-2 study. J Psychosom Res 67 (2009), 109–116.
191. 191 Smeets, R.J., Wittink, H., Hidding, A., Knottnerus, J.A., Do patients with chronic low back pain have a lower level of aerobic fitness than healthy controls? Are pain, disability, fear of injury, work status, or level of leisure time activity associated with the difference in aerobic fitness level?. Spine 31 (2006), 90–98.
192. 192 Smith, W.B., Gracely, R.H., Safer, M.A., The meaning of pain: cancer patients’ rating and recall of pain intensity and affect. Pain 78 (1998), 123–129.
193. 193 Smith, M.T., Haythornthwaite, J.A., How do sleep disturbance and chronic pain inter-relate? Insights from the longitudinal and cognitive-behavioral clinical trials literature. Sleep Med Rev 8 (2004), 119–132.
194. 194 Smith, T.W., O'Keeffe, J.L., Christensen, A.J., Cognitive distortion and depression in chronic pain: association with diagnosed disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 62 (1994), 195–198.
195. 195 Smith, M.T., Wegener, S.T., Measures of sleep. Arthritis Care Res 49 (2003), S184–S196.
196. 196 Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., Jacobs, G.A., Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. 1983, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
197. 197 Spitzer, K., Hays, R., MOS Sleep Scale: A Manual for Use and Scoring, Version 10. Accessed June 15, 2015, Rand Health, Los Angeles, CA Available at: http://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_sleep.html.
198. 198 Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B., Lowe, B., A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 166 (2006), 1092–1097.
199. 199 Stewart, M.W., Knight, R.G., Coping strategies and affect in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Relationship to pain and disability. Arthritis Care Res 4 (1991), 116–122.
200. 200 Stone, A.A., Shiffman, S., Capturing momentary, self-report data: a proposal for reporting guidelines. Ann Behav Med 24 (2002), 236–243.
201. 201 Stone, A.A., Shiffman, S., Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in behavioral medicine. Ann Behav Med 16 (1994), 199–202.
202. 202 Stone, A.A., Shiffman, S., Schwartz, J.E., Broderick, J., Hufford, M.R., Patient compliance with paper and electronic diaries. Control Clin Trials 24 (2003), 182–199.
203. 203 Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S., Pivik, J., The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess 7 (1995), 524–532.
204. 204 Sullivan, M.J., D'Eon, J.L., Relation between catastrophizing and depression in chronic pain patients. J Abnorm Psychol 99 (1990), 260–263.
205. 205 Sullivan, M.J., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J.A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L.A., Lefebvre, J.C., Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clin J Pain 17 (2001), 52–64.
206. 206 Tang, K., Beaton, D.E., Boonen, A., Gignac, M.A., Bombardier, C., Measures of work disability and productivity. Rheumatoid Arthritis Specific Work Productivity Survey (WPS-RA), Workplace Activity Limitation Scale (WALS), Work Instability Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA-WIS), Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI). Arthritis Care Res 63 (2011), S337–S349.
207. 207 Tang, N.K., McBeth, J., Jordan, K.P., Impact of musculoskeletal pain on insomnia onset: a prospective cohort study. Rheumatology 54 (2015), 248–256.
208. 208 Tang, N.K., Wright, K.J., Salkovskis, P.M., Prevalence and correlates of clinical insomnia co- occurring with chronic back pain. J Sleep Res 16 (2007), 85–95.
209. 209 Taylor, D.J., Mallory, L.J., Lichstein, K.L., Durrence, H.H., Riedel, B.W., Bush, A.J., Comorbidity of chronic insomnia with medical problems. Sleep 30 (2007), 213–218.
210. 210 Thomas, E., Silman, A.J., Croft, P.R., Papageorgiou, A.C., Jayson, M.I.V., Macfarlane, G.J., Predicting who develops chronic low back pain in primary care: a prospective study. BMJ 318 (1999), 1662–1667.
211. 211 Toomey, T.C., Mann, J.D., Abashian, S.W., Barnrike, C.L. Jr., Hernandez, J.T., Pain locus of control scores in chronic pain patients and medical clinic patients with and without pain. Clin J Pain 9 (1993), 242–247.
212. 212 Tripp, D.A., VandenKerkhof, E.G., McAlister, M., Prevalence and determinants of pain and pain-related disability in urban and rural settings in southeastern Ontario. Pain Res Manag 11 (2006), 225–233.
213. 213 Trippolini, M.A., Dijkstra, P.U., Jansen, B., Oesch, P., Geertzen, J.H., Reneman, M.F., Reliability of clinician rated physical effort determination during functional capacity evaluation in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Occup Rehabil 24 (2014), 361–369.
214. 214 Trippolini, M.A., Reneman, M.F., Jansen, B., Dijkstra, P.U., Geertzen, J.H., Reliability and safety of functional capacity evaluation in patients with whiplash associated disorders. J Occup Rehabil 23 (2013), 381–390.
215. 215 Trull, T.J., Ebner-Priemer, U., Ambulatory assessment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 9 (2013), 151–176.
216. 216 Turk, D.C., Dworkin, R.H., Allen, R.R., Bellamy, N., Brandenburg, N., Carr, D.B., Cleeland, C., Dionne, R., Farrar, J.T., Galer, B.S., Hewitt, D.J., Jadad, A.R., Katz, N.P., Kramer, L.D., Manning, D.C., McCormick, C.G., McDermott, M.P., McGrath, P., Quessy, S., Rappaport, B.A., Robinson, J.P., Royal, M.A., Simon, L., Stauffer, J.W., Stein, W., Tollett, J., Witter, J., Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain 106 (2003), 337–345.
217. 217 Turk, D.C., Dworkin, R.H., Burke, L., Gershon, R., Rothman, M., Scott, J., Allen, R.R., Atkinson, J.H., Chandler, J., Cleeland, C., Cowan, P., Dimitrova, R., Dionne, R., Farrar, J.T., Haythornthwaite, J.A., Hertz, S., Jadad, A.R., Jensen, M.P., Kellstein, D., Kerns, R.D., Manning, D.C., Martin, S., Max, M.B., McDermott, M.P., McGrath, P., Moulin, D.E., Nurmikko, T., Quessy, S., Raja, S., Rappaport, B.A., Rauschkolb, C., Robinson, J.P., Royal, M.A., Simon, L., Stauffer, J.W., Stucki, G., Tollett, J., von Stein, T., Wallace, M.S., Wernicke, J., White, R.E., Williams, A.C., Witter, J., Wyrwich, K.T., Developing patient-reported outcome measures for pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain 125 (2006), 208–215.
218. 218 Turk, D.C., Kerns, R.D., Rosenberg, R., Effects of marital interaction on chronic pain and disability: examining the down-side of social support. Rehabil Psychol 37 (1992), 257–272.
219. 219 Turk, D.C., Melzack, R., Handbook of Pain Assessment. 3rd ed., 2011, Guilford Press, New York.
220. 220 Turner, J.A., Jensen, M.P., Romano, J.M., Do beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing independently predict functioning in patients with chronic pain?. Pain 85 (2000), 115–125.
221. 221 Turner, J.A., Jensen, M.P., Warms, C.A., Cardenas, D.D., Catastrophizing is associated with pain intensity, psychological distress, and pain-related disability among individuals with chronic pain after spinal cord injury. Pain 98 (2002), 127–134.
222. 222 United States Food and Drug Administration: Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff. Mobile Medical Application. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM263366.pdf. Accessed January 31, 2016.
223. 223 Ustun, T.B., Chatterji, S., Kostanjsek, N., Rehm, J., Kennedy, C., Epping-Jordan, J., Developing the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Bull World Health Organ 88 (2010), 797–876.
224. 224 Van Weering, M.G., Vollenbroek-Hutten, M.M., Hermens, H.J., The relationship between objectively and subjectively measured activity levels in people with chronic low back pain. Clin Rehabil 25 (2011), 256–263.
225. 225 Van Weering, M., Vollenbroek-Hutten, M.M., Kotte, E.M., Hermens, H.J., Daily physical activities of patients with chronic pain or fatigue versus asymptomatic controls. A systematic review. Clin Rehabil 21 (2007), 1007–1023.
226. 226 Vernon, H., Mior, S., The Neck Disability Index: A study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 14 (1991), 409–415.
227. 227 Vincent, A., Hoskin, T.L., Whipple, M.O., Clauw, D.J., Barton, D.L., Benzo, R.P., Williams, D.A., OMERACT-based fibromyalgia symptom subgroups: an exploratory cluster analysis. Arthritis Res Ther, 16, 2014, 463.
228. 228 Vlaeyen, J.W., Linton, S.J., Fear-avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 Years on. Pain 153 (2012), 1144–1147.
229. 229 Waddell, G., Newton, M., Henderson, I., Somerville, D., Main, C.J., A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain 52 (1993), 157–168.
230. 230 Wang, D., Teichtahl, H., Goodman, C., Drummer, O., Grunstein, R.R., Kronborg, I., Subjective daytime sleepiness and daytime function in patients on stable methadone maintenance treatment: possible mechanisms. J Clin Sleep Med 4 (2008), 557–562.
231. 231 Ware, J.E., Kosinski, M., Keller, S.D., A 12-item short form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 34 (1996), 220–233.
232. 232 Ware, J.E. Jr., Sherbourne, C.D., The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30 (1992), 473–483.
233. 233 Weissman-Fogel, I., Sprecher, E., Pud, D., Effects of catastrophizing on pain perception and pain modulation. Exp Brain Res 186 (2008), 79–85.
234. 234 White, D.K., Wilson, J.C., Keysor, J.J., Measures of adult general functional status. SF-36 Physical Functioning Subscale (PF-10), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Osteoarthritis Function-Computer Adaptive Test (OA-Function-CAT). Arthritis Care Res 63 (2011), S297–S307.
235. 235 Widerström-Noga, E., Biering-Sørensen, F., Bryce, T.N., Cardenas, D.D., Finnerup, N.B., Jensen, M.P., Richards, J.S., Siddall, P.J., The International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set (version 2.0). Spinal Cord 52 (2014), 282–286.
236. 236 Wilkie, R., Jordan, J.L., Muller, S., Nicholls, E., Healey, E.L., Van der Windt, D.A., Measures of social function and participation in musculoskeletal populations. Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA), Keele Assessment of Participation (KAP), Participation Measure for Post-Acute Care (PM-PAC), Participation Objective, Participation Subjective (POPS), Rating of Perceived Participation (ROPP), and the Participation Scale. Arthritis Care Res 63 (2011), S325–S336.
237. 237 Wilkie, R., Peat, G., Thomas, E., Hooper, H., Croft, P.R., The Keele Assessment of Participation: A new instrument to measure participation restriction in population studies: combined qualitative and quantitative examination of its psychometric properties. Qual Life Res 4 (2005), 1889–1899.
238. 238 Williams, D., Thorn, B., An empirical assessment of pain beliefs. Pain 36 (1989), 185–190.
239. 239 Wilson, A.C., Palermo, T.M., Physical activity and function in adolescents with chronic pain: A controlled study using actigraphy. J Pain 13 (2012), 121–130.
240. 240 Wilson, K.G., Watson, S.T., Currie, S.R., Daily diary and ambulatory activity monitoring of sleep in patients with insomnia associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain 75 (1998), 75–84.
241. 241 Wright, C.E., Bovbjerg, D.H., Montgomery, G.H., Weltz, C., Goldfarb, A., Pace, B., Silverstein, J.H., Disrupted sleep the night before breast surgery is associated with increased postoperative pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 37 (2009), 352–362.
242. 242 Yellen, S.B., Cella, D.F., Webster, K., Biendowski, C., Kaplan, E., Measuring fatigue and other anemia- related symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) measurement system. J Pain Symptom Manage 13 (1997), 63–74.
243. 243 Yesavage, J.A., Bring, T.L., Rose, T.L., Lum, D., Huang, V., Adey, M., Leirer, V.O., Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 17 (1983), 37–59.
244. 244 Yu, L., Buysse, D.J., Germain, A., Moul, D.E., Stover, A., Dodds, N.E., Johnston, K.L., Pilkonis, P.A., Development of short forms from the PROMIS sleep disturbance and Sleep Related Impairment item banks. Behav Sleep Med 10 (2012), 6–24.
245. 245 Zigmond, A.S., Snaith, R.P., The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67 (1983), 361–370.