메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 269-282

Disturbances catalyze the adaptation of forest ecosystems to changing climate conditions

Author keywords

climate change adaptation; forest dynamics; forest ecosystem management; Kalkalpen National Park; natural disturbance; novel ecosystems; species turnover; succession

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE CONDITIONS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SUCCESSION;

EID: 84990848468     PISSN: 13541013     EISSN: 13652486     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13506     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (112)

References (75)
  • 2
    • 84964416198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Geological survey, (accessed 8 July 2016)
    • Alder JR, Hostetler SW (2013) CMIP5 Global Climate Change Viewer. US Geological survey. Available at: http://regclim.coas.oregonstate.edu/gccv/index.html (accessed 8 July 2016). doi: 10.5066/F72J68W0.
    • (2013) CMIP5 Global Climate Change Viewer
    • Alder, J.R.1    Hostetler, S.W.2
  • 3
    • 77956415058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects
    • Bentz BJ, Régnière J, Fettig CJ et al. (2010) Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. BioScience, 60, 602–613.
    • (2010) BioScience , vol.60 , pp. 602-613
    • Bentz, B.J.1    Régnière, J.2    Fettig, C.J.3
  • 4
    • 81255179824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much and at what scale? Multiscale analyses as decision support for conservation of saproxylic oak beetles
    • Bergman K-O, Jansson N, Claesson K, Palmer MW, Milberg P (2012) How much and at what scale? Multiscale analyses as decision support for conservation of saproxylic oak beetles. Forest Ecology and Management, 265, 133–141.
    • (2012) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.265 , pp. 133-141
    • Bergman, K.-O.1    Jansson, N.2    Claesson, K.3    Palmer, M.W.4    Milberg, P.5
  • 5
    • 81855170241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests
    • Bertrand R, Lenoir J, Piedallu C et al. (2011) Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests. Nature, 479, 517–520.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.479 , pp. 517-520
    • Bertrand, R.1    Lenoir, J.2    Piedallu, C.3
  • 6
    • 80051873100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming
    • Chen I, Hill JK, Ohlemuller R, Roy DB, Thomas CD (2011) Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science, 333, 1024–1026.
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1024-1026
    • Chen, I.1    Hill, J.K.2    Ohlemuller, R.3    Roy, D.B.4    Thomas, C.D.5
  • 9
    • 0031471885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the southwest
    • Covington W, Fule P, Moore M et al. (1997) Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the southwest. Journal of Forestry, 95, 23–29.
    • (1997) Journal of Forestry , vol.95 , pp. 23-29
    • Covington, W.1    Fule, P.2    Moore, M.3
  • 10
    • 0034800416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change and Forest Disturbances
    • Dale VH, Joyce LA, Mcnulty S et al. (2001) Climate Change and Forest Disturbances. BioScience, 51, 723.
    • (2001) BioScience , vol.51 , pp. 723
    • Dale, V.H.1    Joyce, L.A.2    Mcnulty, S.3
  • 11
    • 69449100342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of historical and nonhistorical disturbances maintains native plant communities
    • Davies KW, Svejcar TJ, Bates JD (2009) Interaction of historical and nonhistorical disturbances maintains native plant communities. Ecological Applications, 19, 1536–1545.
    • (2009) Ecological Applications , vol.19 , pp. 1536-1545
    • Davies, K.W.1    Svejcar, T.J.2    Bates, J.D.3
  • 12
    • 34247621364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes over France in an anthropogenic scenario: model results and statistical correction according to observed values
    • Déqué M (2007) Frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes over France in an anthropogenic scenario: model results and statistical correction according to observed values. Global and Planetary Change, 57, 16–26.
    • (2007) Global and Planetary Change , vol.57 , pp. 16-26
    • Déqué, M.1
  • 13
    • 11144337127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking forest structure and composition: avian diversity in successional forests of Chiloé Island, Chile
    • Díaz I, Armesto J, Reid S, Sieving K, Willson M (2005) Linking forest structure and composition: avian diversity in successional forests of Chiloé Island, Chile. Biological Conservation, 123, 91–101.
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.123 , pp. 91-101
    • Díaz, I.1    Armesto, J.2    Reid, S.3    Sieving, K.4    Willson, M.5
  • 14
    • 73949141293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species distribution models: ecological explanation and prediction across space and time
    • Elith J, Leathwick JR (2009) Species distribution models: ecological explanation and prediction across space and time. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40, 677–697.
    • (2009) Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics , vol.40 , pp. 677-697
    • Elith, J.1    Leathwick, J.R.2
  • 15
    • 0031971387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversing borealization as a means to restore biodiversity in Central-European mountain forests – an example from the Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic
    • Emmer IM, Fanta J, Kobus AT, Kooijman A, Sevink J (1998) Reversing borealization as a means to restore biodiversity in Central-European mountain forests – an example from the Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7, 229–247.
    • (1998) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.7 , pp. 229-247
    • Emmer, I.M.1    Fanta, J.2    Kobus, A.T.3    Kooijman, A.4    Sevink, J.5
  • 16
    • 84969522918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution-based approach needed for the conservation and silviculture of peripheral forest tree populations
    • Fady B, Aravanopoulos FA, Alizoti P et al. (2016) Evolution-based approach needed for the conservation and silviculture of peripheral forest tree populations. Forest Ecology and Management, 375, 66–75.
    • (2016) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.375 , pp. 66-75
    • Fady, B.1    Aravanopoulos, F.A.2    Alizoti, P.3
  • 18
    • 79956303228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The integrated nowcasting through comprehensive analysis (INCA) system and its validation over the Eastern Alpine region
    • Haiden T, Kann A, Wittmann C, Pistotnik G, Bica B, Gruber C (2011) The integrated nowcasting through comprehensive analysis (INCA) system and its validation over the Eastern Alpine region. Weather and Forecasting, 26, 166–183.
    • (2011) Weather and Forecasting , vol.26 , pp. 166-183
    • Haiden, T.1    Kann, A.2    Wittmann, C.3    Pistotnik, G.4    Bica, B.5    Gruber, C.6
  • 20
    • 0034670159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought disturbance from climate change: response of United States forests
    • Hanson PJ, Weltzin JF (2000) Drought disturbance from climate change: response of United States forests. Science of the Total Environment, 262, 205–220.
    • (2000) Science of the Total Environment , vol.262 , pp. 205-220
    • Hanson, P.J.1    Weltzin, J.F.2
  • 23
    • 0035533832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note to the simulation of the annual and inter-annual variability of the water budget over the Baltic Sea drainage basin
    • Jacob D (2001) A note to the simulation of the annual and inter-annual variability of the water budget over the Baltic Sea drainage basin. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 77, 61–73.
    • (2001) Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics , vol.77 , pp. 61-73
    • Jacob, D.1
  • 24
    • 84994885714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The historical disturbance regime of mountain Norway spruce forests in the Western Carpathians and its influence on current forest structure and composition
    • Janda P, Trotsiuk V, Mikolas M et al. (2016) The historical disturbance regime of mountain Norway spruce forests in the Western Carpathians and its influence on current forest structure and composition. Forest Ecology and Management, doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.014.
    • (2016) Forest Ecology and Management
    • Janda, P.1    Trotsiuk, V.2    Mikolas, M.3
  • 26
    • 84939237096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting extinction debt from community patterns
    • Kitzes J, Harte J (2015) Predicting extinction debt from community patterns. Ecology, 96, 2127–2136.
    • (2015) Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 2127-2136
    • Kitzes, J.1    Harte, J.2
  • 27
    • 18744394453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed forests reconsidered: a forest economics contribution on an ecological concept
    • Knoke T, Stimm B, Ammer C, Moog M (2005) Mixed forests reconsidered: a forest economics contribution on an ecological concept. Forest Ecology and Management, 213, 102–116.
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.213 , pp. 102-116
    • Knoke, T.1    Stimm, B.2    Ammer, C.3    Moog, M.4
  • 29
    • 0030767089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency carbon balance and partitioning
    • Landsberg JJ, Waring RH (1997) A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency carbon balance and partitioning. Forest Ecology and Management, 95, 209–228.
    • (1997) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.95 , pp. 209-228
    • Landsberg, J.J.1    Waring, R.H.2
  • 30
    • 84917688815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological mechanisms underpinning climate adaptation services
    • Lavorel S, Colloff MJ, Mcintyre S et al. (2015) Ecological mechanisms underpinning climate adaptation services. Global Change Biology, 21, 12–31.
    • (2015) Global Change Biology , vol.21 , pp. 12-31
    • Lavorel, S.1    Colloff, M.J.2    Mcintyre, S.3
  • 31
    • 46449109356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century
    • Lenoir J, Gegout JC, Marquet PA, de Ruffray P, Brisse H (2008) A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science, 320, 1768–1771.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1768-1771
    • Lenoir, J.1    Gegout, J.C.2    Marquet, P.A.3    de Ruffray, P.4    Brisse, H.5
  • 32
    • 84904681525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of climate change and its uncertainty on carbon storage in Switzerland
    • Manusch C, Bugmann H, Wolf A (2014) The impact of climate change and its uncertainty on carbon storage in Switzerland. Regional Environmental Change, 14, 1437–1450.
    • (2014) Regional Environmental Change , vol.14 , pp. 1437-1450
    • Manusch, C.1    Bugmann, H.2    Wolf, A.3
  • 33
    • 23644459339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular indicators of tree migration capacity under rapid climate change
    • McLachlan JS, Clark JS, Manos PS (2005) Molecular indicators of tree migration capacity under rapid climate change. Ecology, 86, 2088–2098.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 2088-2098
    • McLachlan, J.S.1    Clark, J.S.2    Manos, P.S.3
  • 34
    • 84855532440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate, competition and connectivity affect future migration and ranges of European trees
    • Meier ES, Lischke H, Schmatz DR, Zimmermann NE (2012) Climate, competition and connectivity affect future migration and ranges of European trees. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 164–178.
    • (2012) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.21 , pp. 164-178
    • Meier, E.S.1    Lischke, H.2    Schmatz, D.R.3    Zimmermann, N.E.4
  • 35
    • 84939832208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance
    • Millar CI, Stephenson NL (2015) Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance. Science, 349, 823–826.
    • (2015) Science , vol.349 , pp. 823-826
    • Millar, C.I.1    Stephenson, N.L.2
  • 36
    • 39349090781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty
    • Millar CI, Stephenson NL, Stephens SL (2007) Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications, 17, 2145–2151.
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Millar, C.I.1    Stephenson, N.L.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 37
    • 0036092476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating climate change impacts on fire frequency and vegetation dynamics in a Mediterranean ecosystem
    • Mouillot F, Rambal S, Joffre R (2002) Simulating climate change impacts on fire frequency and vegetation dynamics in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 8, 423–437.
    • (2002) Global Change Biology , vol.8 , pp. 423-437
    • Mouillot, F.1    Rambal, S.2    Joffre, R.3
  • 39
    • 34547667580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate modeling for the developing world: the ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET
    • Pal JS, Giorgi F, Bi X et al. (2007) Regional climate modeling for the developing world: the ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 88, 1395–1409.
    • (2007) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.88 , pp. 1395-1409
    • Pal, J.S.1    Giorgi, F.2    Bi, X.3
  • 40
    • 0024525994 scopus 로고
    • The ecological concept of disturbance and its expression at various hierarchical levels
    • Pickett STA, Kolasa J, Armesto JJ, Collins SL (1989) The ecological concept of disturbance and its expression at various hierarchical levels. Oikos, 54, 129–136.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.54 , pp. 129-136
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Kolasa, J.2    Armesto, J.J.3    Collins, S.L.4
  • 41
    • 84953791811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory
    • Pulsford SA, Lindenmayer DB, Driscoll DA (2016) A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory. Biological Reviews, 91, 148–167.
    • (2016) Biological Reviews , vol.91 , pp. 148-167
    • Pulsford, S.A.1    Lindenmayer, D.B.2    Driscoll, D.A.3
  • 42
    • 77955459311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe
    • Pysek P, Jarosik V, Hulme PE et al. (2010) Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 12157–12162.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.107 , pp. 12157-12162
    • Pysek, P.1    Jarosik, V.2    Hulme, P.E.3
  • 44
    • 52949149421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral nudging in a spectral regional climate model
    • Radu R, Déqué M, Somot S (2008) Spectral nudging in a spectral regional climate model. Tellus A, 60, 898–910.
    • (2008) Tellus A , vol.60 , pp. 898-910
    • Radu, R.1    Déqué, M.2    Somot, S.3
  • 45
    • 84946569680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling human and natural systems: simulating adaptive management agents in dynamically changing forest landscapes
    • Rammer W, Seidl R (2015) Coupling human and natural systems: simulating adaptive management agents in dynamically changing forest landscapes. Global Environmental Change, 35, 475–485.
    • (2015) Global Environmental Change , vol.35 , pp. 475-485
    • Rammer, W.1    Seidl, R.2
  • 47
    • 84871928027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management under climatic and social uncertainty: trade-offs between reducing climate change impacts and fostering adaptive capacity
    • Seidl R, Lexer MJ (2013) Forest management under climatic and social uncertainty: trade-offs between reducing climate change impacts and fostering adaptive capacity. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 461–469.
    • (2013) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.114 , pp. 461-469
    • Seidl, R.1    Lexer, M.J.2
  • 48
    • 84969821558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change amplifies the interactions between wind and bark beetle disturbance in forest landscapes
    • Seidl R, Rammer W (2016) Climate change amplifies the interactions between wind and bark beetle disturbance in forest landscapes. Landscape Ecology, doi: 10.1007/s10980-016-0396-4.
    • (2016) Landscape Ecology
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2
  • 49
    • 62549122060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schätzung von Bodenmerkmalen und Modellparametern für die Waldökosystemsimulation auf Basis einer Großrauminventur
    • Seidl R, Rammer W, Lexer MJ (2009) Schätzung von Bodenmerkmalen und Modellparametern für die Waldökosystemsimulation auf Basis einer Großrauminventur. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung, 180, 35–44.
    • (2009) Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung , vol.180 , pp. 35-44
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Lexer, M.J.3
  • 50
    • 79953902583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation options to reduce climate change vulnerability of sustainable forest management in the Austrian Alps
    • Seidl R, Rammer W, Lexer MJ (2011) Adaptation options to reduce climate change vulnerability of sustainable forest management in the Austrian Alps. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41, 694–706.
    • (2011) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.41 , pp. 694-706
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Lexer, M.J.3
  • 51
    • 84858218534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An individual-based process model to simulate landscape-scale forest ecosystem dynamics
    • Seidl R, Rammer W, Scheller RM, Spies TA (2012a) An individual-based process model to simulate landscape-scale forest ecosystem dynamics. Ecological Modelling, 231, 87–100.
    • (2012) Ecological Modelling , vol.231 , pp. 87-100
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Scheller, R.M.3    Spies, T.A.4
  • 52
    • 84870616843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-scale drivers of spatial variation in old-growth forest carbon density disentangled with Lidar and an individual-based landscape model
    • Seidl R, Spies TA, Rammer W, Steel EA, Pabst RJ, Olsen K (2012b) Multi-scale drivers of spatial variation in old-growth forest carbon density disentangled with Lidar and an individual-based landscape model. Ecosystems, 15, 1321–1335.
    • (2012) Ecosystems , vol.15 , pp. 1321-1335
    • Seidl, R.1    Spies, T.A.2    Rammer, W.3    Steel, E.A.4    Pabst, R.J.5    Olsen, K.6
  • 53
    • 84906850632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage
    • Seidl R, Schelhaas M-J, Rammer W, Verkerk PJ (2014a) Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage. Nature Climate Change, 4, 806–810.
    • (2014) Nature Climate Change , vol.4 , pp. 806-810
    • Seidl, R.1    Schelhaas, M.-J.2    Rammer, W.3    Verkerk, P.J.4
  • 54
    • 84919382008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance legacies increase the resilience of forest ecosystem structure, composition, and functioning
    • Seidl R, Rammer W, Spies TA (2014b) Disturbance legacies increase the resilience of forest ecosystem structure, composition, and functioning. Ecological Applications, 24, 2063–2077.
    • (2014) Ecological Applications , vol.24 , pp. 2063-2077
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Spies, T.A.3
  • 55
    • 84885908030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating wind disturbance impacts on forest landscapes: tree-level heterogeneity matters
    • Seidl R, Rammer W, Blennow K (2014c) Simulating wind disturbance impacts on forest landscapes: tree-level heterogeneity matters. Environmental Modelling & Software, 51, 1–11.
    • (2014) Environmental Modelling & Software , vol.51 , pp. 1-11
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Blennow, K.3
  • 56
    • 84953837346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for resilience: addressing the impacts of changing disturbance regimes on forest ecosystem services
    • Seidl R, Spies TA, Peterson DL, Stephens SL, Hicke JA (2016) Searching for resilience: addressing the impacts of changing disturbance regimes on forest ecosystem services. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53, 120–129.
    • (2016) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 120-129
    • Seidl, R.1    Spies, T.A.2    Peterson, D.L.3    Stephens, S.L.4    Hicke, J.A.5
  • 57
    • 84930273143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and climate microrefugia mediate tree range shifts during climate change
    • Serra-Diaz JM, Scheller RM, Syphard AD, Franklin J (2015) Disturbance and climate microrefugia mediate tree range shifts during climate change. Landscape Ecology, 30, 1039–1053.
    • (2015) Landscape Ecology , vol.30 , pp. 1039-1053
    • Serra-Diaz, J.M.1    Scheller, R.M.2    Syphard, A.D.3    Franklin, J.4
  • 58
    • 84925538568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree species diversity mitigates disturbance impacts on the forest carbon cycle
    • Silva Pedro M, Rammer W, Seidl R (2015) Tree species diversity mitigates disturbance impacts on the forest carbon cycle. Oecologia, 177, 619–630.
    • (2015) Oecologia , vol.177 , pp. 619-630
    • Silva Pedro, M.1    Rammer, W.2    Seidl, R.3
  • 59
    • 84949645538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A disturbance-induced increase in tree species diversity facilitates forest productivity
    • Silva Pedro M, Rammer W, Seidl R (2016) A disturbance-induced increase in tree species diversity facilitates forest productivity. Landscape Ecology, 31, 989–1004.
    • (2016) Landscape Ecology , vol.31 , pp. 989-1004
    • Silva Pedro, M.1    Rammer, W.2    Seidl, R.3
  • 62
    • 79955424830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forgotten stage of forest succession: early-successional ecosystems on forest sites
    • Swanson ME, Franklin JF, Beschta RL et al. (2011) The forgotten stage of forest succession: early-successional ecosystems on forest sites. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9, 117–125.
    • (2011) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.9 , pp. 117-125
    • Swanson, M.E.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Beschta, R.L.3
  • 63
    • 84871215744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive management for competing forest goods and services under climate change
    • Temperli C, Bugmann H, Elkin C (2012) Adaptive management for competing forest goods and services under climate change. Ecological Applications, 22, 2065–2077.
    • (2012) Ecological Applications , vol.22 , pp. 2065-2077
    • Temperli, C.1    Bugmann, H.2    Elkin, C.3
  • 64
    • 84882250866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach
    • Temperli C, Bugmann H, Elkin C (2013) Cross-scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach. Ecological Monographs, 83, 383–402.
    • (2013) Ecological Monographs , vol.83 , pp. 383-402
    • Temperli, C.1    Bugmann, H.2    Elkin, C.3
  • 65
    • 84881650792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow and fast drivers of the natural disturbance regime in Central European forest ecosystems
    • Thom D, Seidl R, Steyrer G, Krehan H, Formayer H (2013) Slow and fast drivers of the natural disturbance regime in Central European forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management, 307, 293–302.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.307 , pp. 293-302
    • Thom, D.1    Seidl, R.2    Steyrer, G.3    Krehan, H.4    Formayer, H.5
  • 66
    • 84961687393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape
    • Thom D, Rammer W, Dirnböck T et al. (2016) The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape. Journal of Applied Ecology, doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12644.
    • (2016) Journal of Applied Ecology
    • Thom, D.1    Rammer, W.2    Dirnböck, T.3
  • 69
    • 77957740234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world
    • Turner MG (2010) Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world. Ecology, 91, 2833–2849.
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 2833-2849
    • Turner, M.G.1
  • 70
    • 0001032574 scopus 로고
    • A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes
    • Turner MG, Romme W, Gardner RH, O'Neill R, Kratz T (1993) A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 8, 213–227.
    • (1993) Landscape Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 213-227
    • Turner, M.G.1    Romme, W.2    Gardner, R.H.3    O'Neill, R.4    Kratz, T.5
  • 71
    • 0024874986 scopus 로고
    • Ecological field theory: the concept and field tests
    • Walker J, Sharpe PJH, Penridge LK, Wu H (1989) Ecological field theory: the concept and field tests. Vegetatio, 83, 81–95.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.83 , pp. 81-95
    • Walker, J.1    Sharpe, P.J.H.2    Penridge, L.K.3    Wu, H.4
  • 72
    • 0000422464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for generality in studies of disturbance and ecosystem dynamics
    • White PS, Jentsch A (2001) The search for generality in studies of disturbance and ecosystem dynamics. Progress in Botany, 62, 399–450.
    • (2001) Progress in Botany , vol.62 , pp. 399-450
    • White, P.S.1    Jentsch, A.2
  • 74
    • 0037102676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of natural broad-leaved woodland in Central Europe on sites with coniferous forest plantations
    • Zerbe S (2002) Restoration of natural broad-leaved woodland in Central Europe on sites with coniferous forest plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 167, 27–42.
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.167 , pp. 27-42
    • Zerbe, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.