Nature as a commercial setting: the case of nature-based tourism providers in Sweden

Current Issues in Tourism

Volumn 21, Issue 16, 2018, Pages 1893-1911

  Margaryan, Lusine ^a  

^a MID SWEDEN UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

commercial setting; experiencescape; nature based tourism; Sweden; tourism supply

Indexed keywords

COMMERCIALIZATION; DATA INTERPRETATION; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; NATURAL RESOURCE; RESEARCH; SERVICE PROVISION; SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; TOURISM;

SWEDEN;

EID: 84988369888     PISSN: 13683500     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1232378     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Amaro, S., Duarte, P., & Henriques, C., (2016). Travelers’ use of social media: A clustering approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.007
2. Amelund, B., Nicholls, S., & Viner, D., (2007). Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 285–296. doi: 10.1177/0047287506295937
3. Ardley, B., Taylor, N., Mclintock, E., Martin, E., & Leonard, G., (2012). Marketing a memory of the world: Magna Carta and the experiential servicescape. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 30(6), 653–665. doi: 10.1108/02634501211262618
4. Arnould, E. J., Price, L. L., & Tierney, P., (1998). Communicative staging of the wilderness servicescape. The Service Industries Journal, 18(3), 90–115. doi: 10.1080/02642069800000034
5. Balmford, A., Beresford, J., Green, J., Naidoo, R., Walpole, M., Manica, A., (2009). A global perspective on trends in NBT. PLoS Biology, 7(6), e1000144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000144
6. Bernes, C., & Lundgren, L. J., (2009). Use and misuse of nature’s resources: An environmental history of Sweden. Stockholm: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
7. Bitner, J., (1999). The Servicescape. In T. A., Swartz & D., Iacobucci (Eds.), Handbook of services marketing & management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8. Bitner, M. J., (1992). Servicescape: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing, 56, 57–71. doi: 10.2307/1252042
9. Bostedt, G., & Mattson, L., (1995). The value of forests for tourism in Sweden. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), 671–680. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(95)00007-S
10. Bostedt, G., & Mattsson, L., (2006). A note on benefits and costs of adjusting forestry to meet recreational demands. Journal of Forest Economics, 12(1), 75–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jfe.2005.12.002
11. Breiby, M., (2014). Exploring aesthetic dimensions in a nature-based tourism context. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 20(2), 163–173. doi: 10.1177/1356766713514243
12. Brouder, P., & Eriksson, R., (2013). Staying power: What influences micro-firm survival in tourism? Tourism Geographies, 15(1), 125–144. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2011.647326
13. Bruwer, J., Pratt, M., Saliba, M., & Hirche, M., (2014). Regional destination image perception of tourists within a winescape context. Current Issues in Tourism, 1368–1400. doi:10.1080/13683500.2014.904846
14. Buckley, R., (2011). Tourism and environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, 397–416. doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-041210-132637
15. Buckley, R., & Coghlan, A., (2012). Nature-based tourism in breadth and depth. In T. V., Singh (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism (Vol. 57, pp. 304–307). Bristol: Channel View.
16. Carmichael, B., & McClinchey, K., (2009). Conceptualizing rural tourism hospitalityscapes in the commercial home. Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA). Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://www.ttracanada.ca/proceedings/2009-guelph?order=title&sort=desc&page=6.
17. Castree, N., (2013). Making sense of nature. Abingdon: Routledge.
18. Chang, L., (2014). The relationship between nature-based tourism and autonomic nervous system function among older adults. Journal of Travel Medicine, 21(3), 159–162. doi: 10.1111/jtm.12108
19. Chui, C., Rahim Rahim, F. A., Hassan, F. H., Musa, R., Yusof, J., & Hashim, R. H., (2010). Exploring tourist experiencescape and servicescape at Taman Negara (National Park Malaysia). International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 1(1), 28–31. doi: 10.7763/IJTEF.2010.V1.5
20. Clarke, I., & Schmidt, R. A., (1995). Beyond the servicescape–the experience of place. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2(3), 149–162. doi: 10.1016/0969-6989(95)00055-0
21. Cronon, W., (Ed.). (1995). Uncommon ground. Toward reinventing nature. New York, NY: Norton.
22. DiStefano, Ch., Zhu, M., & Mîndrilă, D., (2009). Understanding and using factor scores: Considerations for the applied researcher. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 14(20), 1–11.
23. Driver, B. L., Brown, P. J., Stankey, G. H., & Gregoire, T. G., (1987). The ROS planning system: Evolution, basic concepts, and research needed. Leisure Sciences, 9(3), 201–212. doi: 10.1080/01490408709512160
24. Duffy, R., (2015). Nature-based tourism and neoliberalism: Concealing contradictions. Tourism Geographies, 17(4), 529–543. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2015.1053972
25. van der Duim, R., (2007). Tourismscapes. An actor-network perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(4), 961–976. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.05.008
26. Egan, D., Hjerpe, E. E., & Abrams, J., (2011). Human dimensions of ecological restoration: Integrating science, nature, and culture. Washington, DC: Island Press.
27. Elsasser, H., & Bürki, R., (2002). Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps. Climate Research, 20, 253–257. doi: 10.3354/cr020253
28. Ezeh, C., & Harris, L. C., (2007). Servicescape research: A review and a research agenda. The Marketing Review, 7(1), 59–78.
29. Franklin, A., (2004). Tourism as an ordering towards a new ontology of tourism. Tourist Studies, 4(3), 277–301. doi: 10.1177/1468797604057328
30. Frantál, B., & Kunc, J., (2011). Wind turbines in tourism landscapes: Czech experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 499–519. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2010.10.007
31. Fredman, P., Gössling, S., & Hultman, J., (2006). Sweden: Where holidays come naturally. In S., Gössling & J., Hultman (Eds.), Ecotourism in Scandinavia: Lessons in theory and practice (pp. 23–37). Wallingford, CT: CAB International.
32. Fredman, P., Stenseke, M., & Sandell, K., (2014). Friluftsliv i förändring. Studier från svenska upplevelselandskap. Stockholm: Carlsson bokförlag.
33. Fredman, P., & Tyrväinen, L., (2010). Frontiers in nature-based tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(3), 177–189. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2010.502365
34. Fredman, P., Wall-Reinius, S., & Grundén, A., (2012). The nature of nature in nature-based tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 12(4), 289–309. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2012.752893
35. Fredman, P., Wall Reinius, S., & Lundberg, C., (2009). Turism i natur. Definitioner, omfattning, statistik (Rapport 23). Östersund: ETOUR, Mittuniversitetet.
36. Fuchs, M., & Pikkemaat, B., (2004). Destination image analysis: A cross-cultural segmentation approach. In Tourism: State of the Art II (pp. 127–148), June 27–30 2004, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
37. Ger, G., & Belk, R. W., (1996). I’d like to buy the world a coke: Consumptionscapes of the ‘less affluent world’. Journal of Consumer Policy, 19(3), 271–304. doi: 10.1007/BF00411411
38. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E., (2014). Multivariate data analysis. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
39. Hale, J., Crispin, S. H., White, R. D., & Hanson, D. J., (2001). Birds in flight: Reconceptualising servicescapes in ecotourism. Bridging Marketing Theory and Practice, 1–5 December, Auckland, New Zealand [Refereed Conference Paper].
40. Hall, C. M., & Boyd, S. W., (2005). Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas: Development or disaster? Clevedon: Channel View.
41. Hall, C. M., Müller, D., & Saarinen, J., (2009). Nordic tourism. Issues and Cases. Salisbury: MPG Books.
42. Hall, C. M., Sharples, L., Mitchell, R., Macionis, N., & Cambourne, B., (2003). Food tourism around the world. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
43. Hall, M. C., (2008). Servicescapes, designscapes, branding, and the creation of place identity: South of Litchfield, Christchurch. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 25(3–4), 233–250. doi: 10.1080/10548400802508101
44. Ham, S. H., (1992). Environmental interpretation: A practical guide for people with big ideas and small budgets. Golden, CO: North American Press.
45. Healy, R., (1994). The common pool problem in tourism landscapes. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 596–611. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(94)90122-8
46. Heerde van, C., Botha, Y., & Durieux, E., (2009). The relationship between atmospherics, servicescape and destination attractiveness of a holiday destination. Innovative Marketing, 5(1), 55–65.
47. Herzberg, F., (1974). Motivation-hygiene profiles: Pinpointing what ails the organization. Organizational Dynamics, 3(2), 18–29. doi: 10.1016/0090-2616(74)90007-2
48. Hintz, J., (2005). Pragmatism and the politics of rewilding nature: The case of grizzly bear reintroduction in Idaho (Doctoral dissertation). University Of Kentucky, Paper 357.
49. Hultman, J., & Andersson Cerderholm, E., (2006). The role of nature in Swedish ecotourism. In S., Gössling & J., Hultman (Eds.), Ecotourism in Scandinavia: Lessons in theory and practice (pp. 76–89). Wallingford: CAB International.
50. Hultman, J., & Gössling, S., (2008). Nature and the environment as trans-boundary business strategies. In T., Coles & C. M., Hall (Eds.), International business and tourism: Global issues, contemporary interactions (pp. 70–85). London: Routledge.
51. Kaltenborn, B., Haaland, H., & Sandell, K., (2001). The Public right of access. Some challenges to sustainable tourism development in Scandinavia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(5), 417–433. doi: 10.1080/09669580108667412
52. Keul, A., (2014). Tourism neoliberalism and the swamp as enterprise. Area, 46(3), 235–241. doi: 10.1111/area.12106
53. Kim, S.-O., & Shelby, B., (2011). Effects of soundscapes on perceived crowding and encounter norms. Environmental Management, 48, 89–97. doi: 10.1007/s00267-011-9680-x
54. Kotler, P., (1973). Atmospherics as a marketing tool. Journal of Retailing, 49, 48–65.
55. Laarman, J. G., & Durst, P. B., (1987). Nature travel in the tropics. Journal of Forestry, 85(5), 43–46.
56. Lundberg, C., Fredman, P., & Wall Reinius, S., (2014). Going for the green? The role of money among nature-based tourism entrepreneurs. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4), 373–380. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2012.746292
57. Lundmark, L., & Müller, D. K., (2010). The supply of nature-based tourism activities in Sweden. Tourism, 58(4), 379–393.
58. Lundmark, L., & Stjernström, O., (2009). Environmental protection: An instrument for regional development? National ambitions versus local realities in the case of tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9(4), 387–405. doi: 10.1080/15022250903273780
59. Manfredo, M. J., Driver, B. L., & Brown, P. J., (1983). A test of concepts inherent in experience based setting management for outdoor recreation areas. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 263–283. doi: 10.1080/00222216.1983.11969562
60. Manning, R., (1998). Studies in outdoor recreation. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
61. Manning, R., (2003). What to do about crowding and solitude in parks and wilderness? A reply to Stewart and Cole. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(1), 107–118. doi: 10.18666/jlr-2003-v35-i1-612
62. Manning, R., (2010). Studies in outdoor recreation (3rd ed.). Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
63. Manning, R., Valliere, W. A., & Wang, B., (1999). Crowding norms: Alternative measurement approaches. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 21(2), 97–115. doi: 10.1080/014904099273174
64. Matilainen, A., & Lähdesmäki, M., (2014). Nature-based tourism in private forests: Stakeholder management balancing the interests of entrepreneurs and forest owners? Journal of Rural Studies, 35, 70–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.04.007
65. Mehmetoglu, M., (2007). Typologising nature-based tourists by activity–Theoretical and practical implications. Tourism Management, 28(3), 651–660. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2006.02.006
66. Minteer, B., (2003). Reconstructing conservation: Finding common ground. Washington: Island Press.
67. Mollard, A., & Vollet, D., (2015). What contribution do environmental amenities make to territorial development? In J.-C., Dissart, J., Dehez, & J.-B., Marsat (Eds.), Tourism, recreation and regional development: Perspectives from France and abroad (pp. 189–209). Burlington: Ashgate.
68. Moscardo, G., (2010). The shaping of tourist experiences: The importance of stories and themes. In M., Morgan, P., Lugosi, & J. R. B., Ritchie (Eds.), The tourism and leisure experience: Consumer and managerial perspectives (pp. 43–59). Buffalo, NY: Channel View.
69. Mossberg, L., (2007). A marketing approach to the tourist experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 59–74. doi: 10.1080/15022250701231915
70. Naturvardsverket. (2014). The right of public access–this is allowed. Retrieved January 16, 2015, from http://www.Naturvardsverket.Se/En/Enjoying-Nature/The-Right-Of-Public-Access/This-Is-Allowed/
71. Newman, A. J., (2002). Uncovering dimensionality in the servicescape: Towards legibility. The Service Industries Journal, 27(1), 15–28. doi: 10.1080/02642060601038601
72. Newsome, D., Moore, S., & Dowling, R., (2013). Natural area tourism: Ecology, impacts and management, second edition. Bristol: Channel View.
73. O’Dell, T., & Billing, P., (2005). Experiencescapes: Tourism, culture and economy. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.
74. O’Neill, M., Riscinto-Kozub, K., & van Hyfte, M., (2010). Defining visitor satisfaction in the context of camping oriented nature-based tourism–The driving force of quality! Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16(2), 141–156. doi: 10.1177/1356766710364541
75. Park, J., Jorgensen, A., Swanwick, C., & Seman, P., (2008). Perceived landscape impacts of mobile telecommunications development in the Peak District National Park. England Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 51(5), 679–699. doi: 10.1080/09640560802218529
76. Pearce, D., (1989). Tourist development. Harlow: Wiley.
77. Prebensen, N., Chen, J., & Uysal, M., (2014). Co-Creation of tourist experiences: Scope, definition and structure. In N. K., Prebensen (Ed.), Creating experience value in tourism (pp. 1–11). Boston, MA: CAB International.
78. Priskin, J., (2001). Assessment of natural resources for nature-based tourism: The case of the central coast region of Western Australia. Tourism Management, 22(6), 637–648. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00039-5
79. Rosenbaum, M. S., (2005). The symbolic servicescape: Your kind is welcomed. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4(4), 257–267. doi: 10.1002/cb.9
80. Rosenbaum, M. S., & Massiah, C., (2011). An expanded servicescape perspective. Journal of Service Management, 22(4), 471–490. doi: 10.1108/09564231111155088
81. Rosenbaum, M. S., & Wong, I. A., (2007). The darker side of the servicescape: Investigating the Bali syndrome. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(2), 161–174. doi: 10.1108/17506180710751696
82. Saarinen, J., (2014). Nordic perspectives on tourism and climate change issues. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 14(1), 1–5. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2014.886098
83. Sæ***órsdóttir, A. D., (2004). Adapting to change: Maintaining a wilderness experience in a popular tourist destination. Tourism Today, 4, 52–65.
84. Sæ***órsdóttir, A. D., (2013). Managing popularity: Changes in tourist attitudes in a wilderness destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 7, 47–58. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2013.04.005
85. Sandell, K., & Fredman, P., (2010). The right of public access: Opportunity or obstacle for nature tourism in Sweden? Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(3), 291–309. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2010.502366
86. Sandell, K., & Sörlin, S., (2008). Friluftshistoria-från härdande friluftslif’till ekoturism och miljöpedagogik. Stockholm: Carlssons.
87. Stokowski, P., (2003). Community values in conservation. In B., Minteer (Ed.), Reconstructing conservation: Finding common ground (pp. 279–297). Washington, DC: Island Press.
88. Tillväxtverket. (2013). Resultat från den nationella gränsundersökningen IBIS 2012, Inkommande Besökare I Sverige. Rapport 0157 Rev A.
89. Tillväxtverket. (2015). Promoting women’s entrepreneurship– the programme. Stockholm: Ordförrådet.
90. Tombs, A., & Mckool-Kennedy, J., (2003). Social-servicescape conceptual model. Marketing Theory, 3(4), 447–475. doi: 10.1177/1470593103040785
91. Tyrväinen, L., Uusitalo, M., Silvennoinen, H., & Hasu, E., (2014). Towards sustainable growth in nature-based tourism destinations: Clients’ views of land use options in Finnish Lapland. Landscape and Urban Planning, 122, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.003
92. Valentine, P. S., (1992). Review. Nature-based tourism. In B., Weiler & C. M., Hall (Eds.), Special interest tourism (pp. 105–127). London: Behlaven Press.
93. Vaske, J., Needham, M. D., & Cline Jr., R. C., (2007). Clarifying interpersonal and social values conflict among recreationists. Journal of Leisure Research, 39, 182–195. doi: 10.1080/00222216.2007.11950103
94. Vespestad, M. K., & Lindberg, F., (2011). Understanding nature-based tourist experiences: An ontological analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(6), 563–580. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2010.513730
95. Virden, R. J., & Knopf, R. C., (1989). Activities, experiences, and environmental settings: A case study of recreation opportunity spectrum relationships. Leisure Sciences, 11(3), 159–176. doi: 10.1080/01490408909512217
96. Wakefield, K. L., & Blodgett, J. G., (1994). The importance of servicescapes in leisure service settings. Journal of Services Marketing, 8(3), 66–76. doi: 10.1108/08876049410065624
97. Wakefield, K. L., & Blodgett, J. G., (1996). The effect of the servicescape on customers behavioral intentions in leisure service settings. Journal of Services Marketing, 10(6), 45–61. doi: 10.1108/08876049610148594
98. Wall-Reinius, S., (2012). Wilderness and culture: Tourist views and experiences in the Laponian World Heritage area. Society & Natural Resources, 25(7), 621–632. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2011.627911
99. Wall-Reinius, S., & Bäck, L., (2011). Changes in visitor demand: Inter-year comparisons of Swedish hikers’ characteristics, preferences and experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 11(suppl. 1), 38–53. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2011.638207
100. Weiler, B., & Black, R., (2015). Tour guiding research: Insights, issues and implications. Bristol: Channel View.
101. Weiler, B., & Davis, D., (1993). An exploratory investigation into the roles of the nature-based tour leader. Tourism Management, 14(2), 91–98. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(93)90041-I
102. Whisman, S. A., & Hollenhorst, S. J., (1998). A path model of whitewater boating satisfaction on the Cheat River of West Virginia. Environmental Management, 22(1), 109–117. doi: 10.1007/s002679900088
103. Wong, J.-Y., & Wang, C.-H., (2009). Emotional labor of the tour leaders: An exploratory study. Tourism Management, 30(2), 249–259. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.005