A Literature Review of Renal Surgical Anatomy and Surgical Strategies for Partial Nephrectomy

European Urology

Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 980-992

  Klatte, Tobias ^a   Ficarra, Vincenzo ^b   Gratzke, Christian ^c   Kaouk, Jihad ^d   Kutikov, Alexander ^e   Macchi, Veronica ^f   Mottrie, Alexandre ^g   Porpiglia, Francesco ^h   Porter, James ⁱ   Rogers, Craig G ^j   Russo, Paul ^k   Thompson, R Houston ^l   Uzzo, Robert G ^e   Wood, Christopher G ^m   Gill, Inderbir S ⁿ  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

^c LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^g OLV HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^h UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

ⁱ Swedish Urology Group   (United States)

^j HENRY FORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

^k MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^l MAYO CLINIC COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Anatomy; Artery; Complications; Imaging; Ischemia; Nephrometry; Partial nephrectomy; Renal function; Vein

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL AORTA ANEURYSM; AGE; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER SIZE; CANCER SURGERY; CENTRALITY INDEX; COLD ISCHEMIA; COLLATERAL CIRCULATION; COMORBIDITY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTACT SURFACE AREA; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DUAL ENERGY COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; GENDER; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; KIDNEY; KIDNEY ARTERY; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY HEMANGIOMYOLIPOMA; KIDNEY HEMORRHAGE; KIDNEY INFARCTION; KIDNEY ISCHEMIA; KIDNEY PARENCHYMA; KIDNEY PELVIS; KIDNEY QUALITY; KIDNEY TUMOR; KIDNEY VEIN; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ONCOCYTOMA; OPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS; PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE; PREOPERATIVE ASPECTS AND DIMENSTIONS USED FOR AN ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; REMNANT QUANTITY; RENAL NEPHROMETRY SCORE; RENAL SURGICAL ANATOMY; RENAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SURGICAL ANATOMY; URINARY TRACT DISEASE ASSESSMENT; URINE INCONTINENCE; VEIN OCCLUSION; VENOUS CIRCULATION; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; NEPHRECTOMY; PROCEDURES; SURGERY;

HUMANS; KIDNEY; NEPHRECTOMY;

EID: 84983154384     PISSN: 03022838     EISSN: 18737560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.04.010     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. B. Ljungberg, S.C. Campbell, H.Y. Choi, and et al. The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma Eur Urol 60 2011 615 621
2. C.J. Kane, K. Mallin, J. Ritchey, M.R. Cooperberg, and P.R. Carroll Renal cell cancer stage migration: analysis of the National Cancer Data Base Cancer 113 2008 78 83
3. B. Ljungberg, N.C. Cowan, D.C. Hanbury, and et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: the 2010 update Eur Urol 58 2010 398 406
4. M.B. Patil, D.J. Lee, and I.S. Gill Eliminating global renal ischemia during partial nephrectomy: an anatomical approach Curr Opin Urol 22 2012 83 87
5. O. Ukimura, M. Nakamoto, and I.S. Gill Three-dimensional reconstruction of renovascular-tumor anatomy to facilitate zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 61 2012 211 217
6. G.T. MacLennan Kidney, ureter, and adrenal glands G.T. MacLennan, Hinman's atlas of urosurgical anatomy ed 2. 2012 Elsevier Saunders Philadelphia, PA 153 210
7. K.W. Kaye, and M.E. Goldberg Applied anatomy of the kidney and ureter Urol Clin North Am 9 1982 3 13
8. F.J. Sampaio Renal anatomy. Endourologic considerations Urol Clin North Am 27 2000 585 607
9. F. Rocco, and G. Cozzi Renal anatomy, physiology and its clinical relevance to partial nephrectomy V.R. Patel, Robotic urologic surgery 2012 Springer London 277 286
10. F.T. Graves The anatomy of the intrarenal arteries and its application to segmental resection of the kidney Br J Surg 42 1954 132 139
11. R.A. Azhar, A.L. de Castro Abreu, E. Broxham, and et al. Histological analysis of the kidney tumor-parenchyma interface J Urol 193 2015 415 422
12. American College of Radiology Practice guideline: CT abdomen and pelvis 2011 ACR Reston, VA
13. G.M. Israel, and M.A. Bosniak An update of the Bosniak renal cyst classification system Urology 66 2005 484 488
14. S.K. Kang, and H. Chandarana Contemporary imaging of the renal mass Urol Clin North Am 39 2012 161 170
15. D.M. Coll, R.G. Uzzo, B.R. Herts, W.J. Davros, S.L. Wirth, and A.C. Novick 3-Dimensional volume rendered computerized tomography for preoperative evaluation and intraoperative treatment of patients undergoing nephron sparing surgery J Urol 161 1999 1097 1102
16. H. Wunderlich, O. Reichelt, R. Schubert, D.H. Zermann, and J. Schubert Preoperative simulation of partial nephrectomy with three-dimensional computed tomography BJU Int 86 2000 777 781
17. H. Chandarana, A.J. Megibow, B.A. Cohen, and et al. Iodine quantification with dual-energy CT: phantom study and preliminary experience with renal masses Am J Roentgenol 196 2011 W693 W700
18. S. Choudhary, A. Rajesh, N.J. Mayer, K.A. Mulcahy, and A. Haroon Renal oncocytoma: CT features cannot reliably distinguish oncocytoma from other renal neoplasms Clin Radiol 64 2009 517 522
19. R. Vikram, C.S. Ng, P. Tamboli, and et al. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation and spectrum of disease Radiographics 29 2009 741 754
20. J. Zhang, R.A. Lefkowitz, N.M. Ishill, and et al. Solid renal cortical tumors: differentiation with CT Radiology 244 2007 494 504
21. M. Kathrins, S. Caesar, P. Mucksavage, and T. Guzzo Renal mass size: concordance between pathology and radiology Curr Opin Urol 23 2013 389 393
22. D.M. Coll, and R.C. Smith Update on radiological imaging of renal cell carcinoma BJU Int 99 2007 1217 1222
23. A.G. Gilet, S.K. Kang, D. Kim, and H. Chandarana Advanced renal mass imaging: diffusion and perfusion MRI Curr Urol Rep 13 2012 93 98
24. S.K. Kang, D. Kim, and H. Chandarana Contemporary imaging of the renal mass Curr Urol Rep 12 2011 11 17
25. P.R. Bhosale, W. Wei, R.D. Ernst, and et al. Intraoperative sonography during open partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer: does it alter surgical management? Am J Roentgenol 203 2014 822 827
26. G. Lieser, and M.N. Simmons Developments in kidney tumor nephrometry Postgrad Med 123 2011 35 42
27. D. Canter, A. Kutikov, B. Manley, and et al. Utility of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scoring system in objectifying treatment decision-making of the enhancing renal mass Urology 78 2011 1089 1094
28. A. Kutikov, and R.G. Uzzo The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score: a comprehensive standardized system for quantitating renal tumor size, location and depth J Urol 182 2009 844 853
29. V. Ficarra, G. Novara, S. Secco, and et al. Preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) classification of renal tumours in patients who are candidates for nephron-sparing surgery Eur Urol 56 2009 786 793
30. M.N. Simmons, C.B. Ching, M.K. Samplaski, C.H. Park, and I.S. Gill Kidney tumor location measurement using the C index method J Urol 183 2010 1708 1713
31. S. Leslie, I.S. Gill, A.L. de Castro Abreu, and et al. Renal tumor contact surface area: a novel parameter for predicting complexity and outcomes of partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 66 2014 884 893
32. J.R. Bylund, D. Gayheart, T. Fleming, and et al. Association of tumor size, location, R.E.N.A.L., PADUA and centrality index score with perioperative outcomes and postoperative renal function J Urol 188 2012 1684 1689
33. M.N. Hew, B. Baseskioglu, K. Barwari, and et al. Critical appraisal of the PADUA classification and assessment of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy J Urol 186 2011 42 46
34. Z. Okhunov, S. Rais-Bahrami, A.K. George, and et al. The comparison of three renal tumor scoring systems: C-Index, P.A.D.U.A., and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores J Endourol 25 2011 1921 1924
35. L.T. Lavallée, D. Desantis, F. Kamal, and et al. The association between renal tumour scoring systems and ischemia time during open partial nephrectomy Can Urol Assoc J 7 2013 E207 E214
36. K.S. Png, C.D. Bahler, D.P. Milgrom, S.M. Lucas, and C. Sundaram The role of R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score in the era of robot assisted partial nephrectomy J Endourol 27 2013 304 308
37. C.J. Weight, T.D. Atwell, R.T. Fazzio, and et al. A multidisciplinary evaluation of inter-reviewer agreement of the nephrometry score and the prediction of long-term outcomes J Urol 186 2011 1223 1228
38. M.N. Simmons, S.P. Hillyer, B.H. Lee, A.F. Fergany, J. Kaouk, and S.C. Campbell Nephrometry score is associated with volume loss and functional recovery after partial nephrectomy J Urol 188 2012 39 44
39. A. Kutikov, M.C. Smaldone, B.L. Egleston, and et al. Anatomic features of enhancing renal masses predict malignant and high-grade pathology: a preoperative nomogram using the RENAL nephrometry score Eur Urol 60 2011 241 248
40. H.K. Wang, Y. Zhu, X.D. Yao, and et al. External validation of a nomogram using RENAL nephrometry score to predict high grade renal cell carcinoma J Urol 187 2012 1555 1560
41. P. Satasivam, S. Sengupta, N. Rajarubendra, P.H. Chia, A. Munshey, and D. Bolton Renal lesions with low R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score are associated with more indolent renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) or benign histology: findings in an Australian cohort BJU Int 109 Suppl 3 2012 44 47
42. J.K. Mullins, J.H. Kaouk, S. Bhayani, and et al. Tumor complexity predicts malignant disease for small renal masses J Urol 188 2012 2072 2076
43. B.R. Lane, D.C. Babineau, E.D. Poggio, and et al. Factors predicting renal functional outcome after partial nephrectomy J Urol 180 2008 2363 2368
44. B.R. Lane, P. Russo, R.G. Uzzo, and et al. Comparison of cold and warm ischemia during partial nephrectomy in 660 solitary kidneys reveals predominant role of nonmodifiable factors in determining ultimate renal function J Urol 185 2011 421 427
45. M.N. Simmons, S.P. Hillyer, B.H. Lee, A.F. Fergany, J. Kaouk, and S.C. Campbell Functional recovery after partial nephrectomy: effects of volume loss and ischemic injury J Urol 187 2012 1667 1673
46. G. Simone, R. Papalia, S. Guaglianone, and M. Gallucci "Zero ischaemia", sutureless laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumours with a low nephrometry score BJU Int 110 2012 124 130
47. M.N. Simmons, A.F. Fergany, and S.C. Campbell Effect of parenchymal volume preservation on kidney function after partial nephrectomy J Urol 186 2011 405 410
48. C.M. Tobert, B. Boelkins, S. Culver, L. Mammen, R.J. Kahnoski, and B.R. Lane Surgeon assessment of renal preservation with partial nephrectomy provides information comparable to measurement of volume preservation with 3-dimensional image analysis J Urol 191 2014 1218 1224
49. A.R. Patel, and S.E. Eggener Warm ischemia less than 30 minutes is not necessarily safe during partial nephrectomy: every minute matters Urol Oncol 29 2011 826 828
50. J.D. Choi, J.W. Park, S.Y. Lee, and et al. Does prolonged warm ischemia after partial nephrectomy under pneumoperitoneum cause irreversible damage to the affected kidney? J Urol 187 2012 802 806
51. G. Godoy, V. Ramanathan, J.A. Kanofsky, and et al. Effect of warm ischemia time during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy on early postoperative glomerular filtration rate J Urol 181 2009 2438 2443
52. B.R. Lane, A.C. Novick, D. Babineau, A.F. Fergany, J.H. Kaouk, and I.S. Gill Comparison of laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy for tumor in a solitary kidney J Urol 179 2008 847 851
53. R.H. Thompson, B.R. Lane, C.M. Lohse, and et al. Every minute counts when the renal hilum is clamped during partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 58 2010 340 345
54. B.R. Lane, S.C. Campbell, S. Demirjian, and A.F. Fergany Surgically induced chronic kidney disease may be associated with a lower risk of progression and mortality than medical chronic kidney disease J Urol 189 2013 1649 1655
55. A.C. Novick Renal hypothermia: in vivo and ex vivo Urol Clin North Am 10 1983 637 644
56. P. Russo Partial nephrectomy for renal cancer (part II): the impact of renal ischaemia, patient preparation, surgical approaches, management of complications and utilization BJU Int 105 2010 1494 1507
57. U. Boylu, B.R. Lee, and R. Thomas Renal anatomy, physiology and its clinical relevance to nephrectomy V.R. Patel, Robotic urologic surgery 2012 Springer London 269 276
58. N.E. Power, A.C. Maschino, C. Savage, and et al. Intraoperative mannitol use does not improve long-term renal function outcomes after minimally invasive partial nephrectomy Urology 79 2012 821 825
59. K. Omae, T. Kondo, T. Takagi, and et al. Mannitol has no impact on renal function after open partial nephrectomy in solitary kidneys Int J Urol 21 2014 200 203
60. T. Abe, A. Sazawa, T. Harabayashi, and et al. Renal hypothermia with ice slush in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: the outcome of renal function J Endourol 26 2012 1483 1488
61. C.G. Rogers, K.R. Ghani, R.K. Kumar, W. Jeong, and M. Menon Robotic partial nephrectomy with cold ischemia and on-clamp tumor extraction: recapitulating the open approach Eur Urol 63 2013 573 578
62. M.M. Nguyen, and I.S. Gill Halving ischemia time during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy J Urol 179 2008 627 632
63. S.B. Williams, R. Kacker, M. Alemozaffar, I.S. Francisco, J. Mechaber, and A.A. Wagner Robotic partial nephrectomy versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a single laparoscopic trained surgeon's experience in the development of a robotic partial nephrectomy program World J Urol 31 2013 793 798
64. B.M. Benway, G. Baca, S.B. Bhayani, and et al. Selective versus nonselective arterial clamping during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: impact upon renal function in the setting of a solitary kidney in a porcine model J Endourol 23 2009 1127 1133
65. T. Nohara, H. Fujita, K. Yamamoto, Y. Kitagawa, T. Gabata, and M. Namiki Modified anatrophic partial nephrectomy with selective renal segmental artery clamping to preserve renal function: a preliminary report Int J Urol 15 2008 961 966
66. I.S. Gill, M.S. Eisenberg, M. Aron, and et al. "Zero ischemia" partial nephrectomy: novel laparoscopic and robotic technique Eur Urol 59 2011 128 134
67. P. Shao, C. Qin, C. Yin, and et al. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with segmental renal artery clamping: technique and clinical outcomes Eur Urol 59 2011 849 855
68. M.M. Desai, A.L. de Castro Abreu, S. Leslie, and et al. Robotic partial nephrectomy with superselective versus main artery clamping: a retrospective comparison Eur Urol 66 2014 713 719
69. A.L. Abreu, I.S. Gill, and M.M. Desai Zero-ischaemia robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for hilar tumours BJU Int 108 2011 948 954
70. C.K. Ng, I.S. Gill, M.B. Patil, and et al. Anatomic renal artery branch microdissection to facilitate zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 61 2012 67 74
71. M.S. Holzer, S.L. Best, N. Jackson, and et al. Assessment of renal oxygenation during partial nephrectomy using hyperspectral imaging J Urol 186 2011 400 404
72. E.O. Olweny, S. Faddegon, S.L. Best, and et al. Renal oxygenation during robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: characterization using laparoscopic digital light processing hyperspectral imaging J Endourol 27 2013 265 269
73. S. Tobis, J.K. Knopf, C. Silvers, and et al. Robot-assisted and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with near infrared fluorescence imaging J Endourol 26 2012 797 802
74. I.S. Gill, M.B. Patil, A.L. Abreu, and et al. Zero ischemia anatomical partial nephrectomy: a novel approach J Urol 187 2012 807 814
75. R.H. Thompson, I. Frank, C.M. Lohse, and et al. The impact of ischemia time during open nephron sparing surgery on solitary kidneys: a multi-institutional study J Urol 177 2007 471 476
76. B. Guillonneau, H. Bermudez, S. Gholami, and et al. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor: single center experience comparing clamping and no clamping techniques of the renal vasculature J Urol 169 2003 483 486
77. G.L. Smith, P.A. Kenney, Y. Lee, and J.A. Libertino Non-clamped partial nephrectomy: techniques and surgical outcomes BJU Int 107 2011 1054 1058
78. B.F. Kaczmarek, Y.S. Tanagho, S.P. Hillyer, and et al. Off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy preserves renal function: a multi-institutional propensity score analysis Eur Urol 64 2013 988 993
79. G. Simone, R. Papalia, S. Guaglianone, L. Carpanese, and M. Gallucci Zero ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy after superselective transarterial tumor embolization for tumors with moderate nephrometry score: long-term results of a single-center experience J Endourol 25 2011 1443 1446
80. G. Simone, R. Papalia, S. Guaglianone, E. Forestiere, and M. Gallucci Preoperative superselective transarterial embolization in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: technique, oncologic, and functional outcomes J Endourol 23 2009 1473 1478
81. S.D. Wu, D.P. Viprakasit, J. Cashy, N.D. Smith, K.T. Perry, and R.B. Nadler Radiofrequency ablation-assisted robotic laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without renal hilar vessel clamping versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a comparison of perioperative outcomes J Endourol 24 2010 385 391
82. D.P. Viprakasit, I. Derweesh, C. Wong, and et al. Selective renal parenchymal clamping in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a multi-institutional experience J Endourol 25 2011 1487 1491
83. C.J. Weight, B.R. Lane, and I.S. Gill Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for selected central tumours: omitting the bolster BJU Int 100 2007 375 378
84. A.J. Hung, J. Cai, M.N. Simmons, and I.S. Gill "Trifecta" in partial nephrectomy J Urol 189 2013 36 42
85. A. Breda, S.V. Stepanian, J. Liao, and et al. Positive margins in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in 855 cases: a multi-institutional survey from the United States and Europe J Urol 178 2007 47 50
86. R.G. Uzzo, and A.C. Novick Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors: indications, techniques and outcomes J Urol 166 2001 6 18
87. S.E. Sutherland, M.I. Resnick, G.T. Maclennan, and H.B. Goldman Does the size of the surgical margin in partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer really matter? J Urol 167 2002 61 64
88. V. Sundaram, R.S. Figenshau, T.M. Roytman, and et al. Positive margin during partial nephrectomy: does cancer remain in the renal remnant? Urology 77 2011 1400 1403
89. M. Duvdevani, M. Laufer, A. Kastin, and et al. Is frozen section analysis in nephron sparing surgery necessary? A clinicopathological study of 301 cases J Urol 173 2005 385 387
90. N.A. Laryngakis, and T.J. Guzzo Tumor enucleation for small renal masses Curr Opin Urol 22 2012 365 371
91. A. Minervini, S. Serni, A. Tuccio, and et al. Simple enucleation versus radical nephrectomy in the treatment of pT1a and pT1b renal cell carcinoma Ann Surg Oncol 19 2012 694 700
92. Q.L. Li, H.W. Guan, Q.P. Zhang, L.Z. Zhang, F.P. Wang, and Y.J. Liu Optimal margin in nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma 4 cm or less Eur Urol 44 2003 448 451
93. A. Minervini, C. di Cristofano, A. Lapini, and et al. Histopathologic analysis of peritumoral pseudocapsule and surgical margin status after tumor enucleation for renal cell carcinoma Eur Urol 55 2009 1410 1418
94. V. Ficarra, S. Bhayani, J. Porter, and et al. Predictors of warm ischemia time and perioperative complications in a multicenter, international series of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 61 2012 395 402
95. Z.W. Liu, E.O. Olweny, G. Yin, and et al. Prediction of perioperative outcomes following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: role of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score World J Urol 31 2013 1183 1189
96. J. Simhan, M.C. Smaldone, K.J. Tsai, and et al. Objective measures of renal mass anatomic complexity predict rates of major complications following partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 60 2011 724 730
97. H. Van Poppel, L. Da Pozzo, W. Albrecht, and et al. A prospective randomized EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the complications of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low-stage renal cell carcinoma Eur Urol 51 2007 1606 1615
98. J.J. Patard, A.J. Pantuck, M. Crepel, and et al. Morbidity and clinical outcome of nephron-sparing surgery in relation to tumour size and indication Eur Urol 52 2007 148 154
99. L. Richstone, S. Montag, M.C. Ost, and et al. Predictors of hemorrhage after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy Urology 77 2011 88 91
100. I.S. Gill, L.R. Kavoussi, B.R. Lane, and et al. Comparison of 1,800 laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomies for single renal tumors J Urol 178 2007 41 46
101. Y.S. Tanagho, J.H. Kaouk, M.E. Allaf, and et al. Perioperative complications of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: analysis of 886 patients at 5 United States centers Urology 81 2013 573 580
102. A. Breda, S.V. Stepanian, J.S. Lam, and et al. Use of haemostatic agents and glues during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a multi-institutional survey from the United States and Europe of 1347 cases Eur Urol 52 2007 798 803
103. I.S. Gill, A.P. Ramani, M. Spaliviero, and et al. Improved hemostasis during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using gelatin matrix thrombin sealant Urology 65 2005 463 466
104. F. Richter, D. Schnorr, S. Deger, and et al. Improvement of hemostasis in open and laparoscopically performed partial nephrectomy using a gelatin matrix-thrombin tissue sealant (FloSeal) Urology 61 2003 73 77
105. C. Jeldres, K. Bensalah, U. Capitanio, and et al. Baseline renal function, ischaemia time and blood loss predict the rate of renal failure after partial nephrectomy BJU Int 103 2009 1632 1635
106. S.P. Stroup, K. Palazzi, R.P. Kopp, and et al. RENAL nephrometry score is associated with operative approach for partial nephrectomy and urine leak Urology 80 2012 151 156
107. P. Bove, S.B. Bhayani, K.H. Rha, M.E. Allaf, T.W. Jarrett, and L.R. Kavoussi Necessity of ureteral catheter during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy J Urol 172 2004 458 460
108. J.J. Tomaszewski, B. Cung, M.C. Smaldone, and et al. Renal pelvic anatomy is associated with incidence, grade, and need for intervention for urine leak following partial nephrectomy Eur Urol 66 2014 949 955
109. J.J. Tomaszewski, M.C. Smaldone, B. Cung, and et al. Internal validation of the renal pelvic score: a novel marker of renal pelvic anatomy that predicts urine leak after partial nephrectomy Urology 84 2014 351 357
110. N. Buffi, G. Lista, A. Larcher, and et al. Re: "Trifecta" in partial nephrectomy: A.J. Hung, J. Cai, M.N. Simmons and I.S. Gill. J Urol 2013;189:36-42 J Urol 190 2013 810 811
111. A. Khalifeh, R. Autorino, S.P. Hillyer, and et al. Comparative outcomes and assessment of trifecta in 500 robotic and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy cases: a single surgeon experience J Urol 189 2013 1236 1242
112. M.H. Hayn, T. Schwaab, W. Underwood, and H.L. Kim RENAL nephrometry score predicts surgical outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy BJU Int 108 2011 876 881
113. S. Kruck, A.G. Anastasiadis, U. Walcher, A. Stenzl, T.R. Herrmann, and U. Nagele Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: risk stratification according to patient and tumor characteristics World J Urol 30 2012 639 646
114. J.A. Long, V. Arnoux, G. Fiard, and et al. External validation of the RENAL nephrometry score in renal tumours treated by partial nephrectomy BJU Int 111 2013 233 239
115. W.A. Mayer, G. Godoy, J.M. Choi, A.C. Goh, S.X. Bian, and R.E. Link Higher RENAL Nephrometry Score is predictive of longer warm ischemia time and collecting system entry during laparoscopic and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy Urology 79 2012 1052 1056
116. F. Altunrende, H. Laydner, A.V. Hernandez, and et al. Correlation of the RENAL nephrometry score with warm ischemia time after robotic partial nephrectomy World J Urol 31 2013 1165 1169
117. P.W. Mufarrij, L.S. Krane, S. Rajamahanty, and A.K. Hemal Does nephrometry scoring of renal tumors predict outcomes in patients selected for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy? J Endourol 25 2011 1649 1653
118. B. Bruner, R.H. Breau, C.M. Lohse, B.C. Leibovich, and M.L. Blute Renal nephrometry score is associated with urine leak after partial nephrectomy BJU Int 108 2011 67 72
119. M. Waldert, S. Waalkes, T. Klatte, and et al. External validation of the preoperative anatomical classification for prediction of complications related to nephron-sparing surgery World J Urol 28 2010 531 535
120. W. Kong, J. Zhang, B. Dong, and et al. Application of a standardized anatomical classification in a Chinese partial nephrectomy series Int J Urol 19 2012 551 558
121. A. Mottrie, P. Schatteman, P. De Wil, B. De Troyer, G. Novara, and V. Ficarra Validation of the preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) score in a robot-assisted partial nephrectomy series World J Urol 31 2013 799 804
122. S.I. Tyritzis, S. Papadoukakis, I. Katafigiotis, and et al. Implementation and external validation of Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) score for predicting complications in 74 consecutive partial nephrectomies BJU Int 109 2012 1813 1818
123. A. Minervini, G. Vittori, M. Salvi, and et al. analysis of surgical complications of renal tumor enucleation with standardized instruments and external validation of PADUA classification Ann Surg Oncol 20 2013 1729 1736