메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 427-439

Molecular Evaluation of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Current Practice and Emerging Concepts

Author keywords

Colorectal cancer; EGFR pathway; Immune checkpoint blockade; Lynch syndrome; Microsatellite instability; Mismatch repair; PD L1; Targeted therapy

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN MLH1; PROTEIN MSH2; PROTEIN MSH6; B RAF KINASE;

EID: 84981225792     PISSN: 18759181     EISSN: 18759157     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2016.04.007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (48)
  • 2
    • 0025312728 scopus 로고
    • A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis
    • 2 Fearon, E.R., Vogelstein, B., A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61:5 (1990), 759–767.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 759-767
    • Fearon, E.R.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 3
    • 0023748414 scopus 로고
    • Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development
    • 3 Vogelstein, B., Fearon, E.R., Hamilton, S.R., et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med 319:9 (1988), 525–532.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , Issue.9 , pp. 525-532
    • Vogelstein, B.1    Fearon, E.R.2    Hamilton, S.R.3
  • 4
    • 84863922124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
    • 4 Cancer Genome Atlas Network, Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature 487:7407 (2012), 330–337.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.487 , Issue.7407 , pp. 330-337
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Network1
  • 5
    • 84939995217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and its potential application to colorectal cancer screening
    • 5 Grady, W.M., Markowitz, S.D., The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and its potential application to colorectal cancer screening. Dig Dis Sci 60:3 (2015), 762–772.
    • (2015) Dig Dis Sci , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 762-772
    • Grady, W.M.1    Markowitz, S.D.2
  • 6
    • 84905595139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on genetic evaluation and management of Lynch syndrome: a consensus statement by the US Multi-society Task Force on colorectal cancer
    • 6 Giardiello, F.M., Allen, J.I., Axilbund, J.E., et al. Guidelines on genetic evaluation and management of Lynch syndrome: a consensus statement by the US Multi-society Task Force on colorectal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 109:8 (2014), 1159–1179.
    • (2014) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.109 , Issue.8 , pp. 1159-1179
    • Giardiello, F.M.1    Allen, J.I.2    Axilbund, J.E.3
  • 7
    • 84960325478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lynch syndrome in the 21st century: clinical perspectives
    • 7 Tiwari, A.K., Roy, H.K., Lynch, H.T., Lynch syndrome in the 21st century: clinical perspectives. QJM 109:3 (2016), 151–158.
    • (2016) QJM , vol.109 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-158
    • Tiwari, A.K.1    Roy, H.K.2    Lynch, H.T.3
  • 8
    • 50649111364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency syndrome: have we so far seen only the tip of an iceberg?
    • 8 Wimmer, K., Etzler, J., Constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency syndrome: have we so far seen only the tip of an iceberg?. Hum Genet 124:2 (2008), 105–122.
    • (2008) Hum Genet , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-122
    • Wimmer, K.1    Etzler, J.2
  • 9
    • 78149280797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gastrointestinal phenotype of germline biallelic mismatch repair gene mutations
    • 9 Durno, C.A., Holter, S., Sherman, P.M., et al. The gastrointestinal phenotype of germline biallelic mismatch repair gene mutations. Am J Gastroenterol 105:11 (2010), 2449–2456.
    • (2010) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.105 , Issue.11 , pp. 2449-2456
    • Durno, C.A.1    Holter, S.2    Sherman, P.M.3
  • 10
    • 0033063711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC
    • 10 Vasen, H.F., Watson, P., Mecklin, J.P., et al. New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC. Gastroenterology 116:6 (1999), 1453–1456.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , Issue.6 , pp. 1453-1456
    • Vasen, H.F.1    Watson, P.2    Mecklin, J.P.3
  • 11
    • 10744233937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability
    • 11 Umar, A., Boland, C.R., Terdiman, J.P., et al. Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:4 (2004), 261–268.
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 261-268
    • Umar, A.1    Boland, C.R.2    Terdiman, J.P.3
  • 12
    • 59849108362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations from the EGAPP Working Group: genetic testing strategies in newly diagnosed individuals with colorectal cancer aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from Lynch syndrome in relatives
    • 12 Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Working Group. Recommendations from the EGAPP Working Group: genetic testing strategies in newly diagnosed individuals with colorectal cancer aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from Lynch syndrome in relatives. Genet Med 11:1 (2009), 35–41.
    • (2009) Genet Med , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-41
  • 13
    • 79954605264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality assessment and correlation of microsatellite instability and immunohistochemical markers among population- and clinic-based colorectal tumors results from the Colon Cancer Family Registry
    • 13 Cicek, M.S., Lindor, N.M., Gallinger, S., et al. Quality assessment and correlation of microsatellite instability and immunohistochemical markers among population- and clinic-based colorectal tumors results from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. J Mol Diagn 13:3 (2011), 271–281.
    • (2011) J Mol Diagn , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-281
    • Cicek, M.S.1    Lindor, N.M.2    Gallinger, S.3
  • 14
    • 33745977120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the microsatellite instability analysis system and the Bethesda panel for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancers
    • 14 Murphy, K.M., Zhang, S., Geiger, T., et al. Comparison of the microsatellite instability analysis system and the Bethesda panel for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancers. J Mol Diagn 8:3 (2006), 305–311.
    • (2006) J Mol Diagn , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-311
    • Murphy, K.M.1    Zhang, S.2    Geiger, T.3
  • 15
    • 33745541234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer
    • 15 Weisenberger, D.J., Siegmund, K.D., Campan, M., et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 38:7 (2006), 787–793.
    • (2006) Nat Genet , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 787-793
    • Weisenberger, D.J.1    Siegmund, K.D.2    Campan, M.3
  • 16
    • 1642535480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutation is frequently present in sporadic colorectal cancer with methylated hMLH1, but not in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
    • 16 Deng, G., Bell, I., Crawley, S., et al. BRAF mutation is frequently present in sporadic colorectal cancer with methylated hMLH1, but not in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10:1 Pt 1 (2004), 191–195.
    • (2004) Clin Cancer Res , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 191-195
    • Deng, G.1    Bell, I.2    Crawley, S.3
  • 17
    • 84861573997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability and DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency in Lynch syndrome colorectal polyps
    • 17 Yurgelun, M.B., Goel, A., Hornick, J.L., et al. Microsatellite instability and DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency in Lynch syndrome colorectal polyps. Cancer Prev Res 5:4 (2012), 574–582.
    • (2012) Cancer Prev Res , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 574-582
    • Yurgelun, M.B.1    Goel, A.2    Hornick, J.L.3
  • 18
    • 0034642605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer
    • 18 Gryfe, R., Kim, H., Hsieh, E.T., et al. Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 342:2 (2000), 69–77.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-77
    • Gryfe, R.1    Kim, H.2    Hsieh, E.T.3
  • 19
    • 77957197346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability as a marker of prognosis and response to therapy: a meta-analysis of colorectal cancer survival data
    • 19 Guastadisegni, C., Colafranceschi, M., Ottini, L., et al. Microsatellite instability as a marker of prognosis and response to therapy: a meta-analysis of colorectal cancer survival data. Eur J Cancer 46:15 (2010), 2788–2798.
    • (2010) Eur J Cancer , vol.46 , Issue.15 , pp. 2788-2798
    • Guastadisegni, C.1    Colafranceschi, M.2    Ottini, L.3
  • 20
    • 77954748953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective mismatch repair as a predictive marker for lack of efficacy of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy in colon cancer
    • 20 Sargent, D.J., Marsoni, S., Monges, G., et al. Defective mismatch repair as a predictive marker for lack of efficacy of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy in colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 28:20 (2010), 3219–3226.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol , vol.28 , Issue.20 , pp. 3219-3226
    • Sargent, D.J.1    Marsoni, S.2    Monges, G.3
  • 21
    • 0038002279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer
    • 21 Ribic, C.M., Sargent, D.J., Moore, M.J., et al. Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 349:3 (2003), 247–257.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-257
    • Ribic, C.M.1    Sargent, D.J.2    Moore, M.J.3
  • 22
    • 84962419838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory networks underlying colorectal cancer
    • 22 Lasry, A., Zinger, A., Ben-Neriah, Y., Inflammatory networks underlying colorectal cancer. Nat Immunol 17:3 (2016), 230–240.
    • (2016) Nat Immunol , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 230-240
    • Lasry, A.1    Zinger, A.2    Ben-Neriah, Y.3
  • 23
    • 84932628341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency
    • 23 Le, D.T., Uram, J.N., Wang, H., et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med 372:26 (2015), 2509–2520.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , Issue.26 , pp. 2509-2520
    • Le, D.T.1    Uram, J.N.2    Wang, H.3
  • 24
    • 84920956735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients
    • 24 Herbst, R.S., Soria, J.C., Kowanetz, M., et al. Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients. Nature 515:7528 (2014), 563–567.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.515 , Issue.7528 , pp. 563-567
    • Herbst, R.S.1    Soria, J.C.2    Kowanetz, M.3
  • 25
    • 84904024273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy
    • 25 Taube, J.M., Klein, A., Brahmer, J.R., et al. Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Clin Cancer Res 20:19 (2014), 5064–5074.
    • (2014) Clin Cancer Res , vol.20 , Issue.19 , pp. 5064-5074
    • Taube, J.M.1    Klein, A.2    Brahmer, J.R.3
  • 26
    • 33748146468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of usefulness of epidermal growth factor receptor expression determination for cetuximab therapy in patients with colorectal cancer
    • 26 Hebbar, M., Wacrenier, A., Desauw, C., et al. Lack of usefulness of epidermal growth factor receptor expression determination for cetuximab therapy in patients with colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 17:7 (2006), 855–857.
    • (2006) Anticancer Drugs , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 855-857
    • Hebbar, M.1    Wacrenier, A.2    Desauw, C.3
  • 27
    • 63849088630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
    • 27 Van Cutsem, E., Kohne, C.H., Hitre, E., et al. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 360:14 (2009), 1408–1417.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.14 , pp. 1408-1417
    • Van Cutsem, E.1    Kohne, C.H.2    Hitre, E.3
  • 28
    • 59749091477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer
    • 28 Tol, J., Koopman, M., Cats, A., et al. Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 360:6 (2009), 563–572.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.6 , pp. 563-572
    • Tol, J.1    Koopman, M.2    Cats, A.3
  • 29
    • 84903301924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictive value of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN for anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 29 Therkildsen, C., Bergmann, T.K., Henrichsen-Schnack, T., et al. The predictive value of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN for anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 53:7 (2014), 852–864.
    • (2014) Acta Oncol , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 852-864
    • Therkildsen, C.1    Bergmann, T.K.2    Henrichsen-Schnack, T.3
  • 30
    • 77955277111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis
    • 30 De Roock, W., Claes, B., Bernasconi, D., et al. Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis. Lancet 11:8 (2010), 753–762.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 753-762
    • De Roock, W.1    Claes, B.2    Bernasconi, D.3
  • 31
    • 84925105975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive role of BRAF mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab and panitumumab: a meta-analysis
    • 31 Pietrantonio, F., Petrelli, F., Coinu, A., et al. Predictive role of BRAF mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab and panitumumab: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 51:5 (2015), 587–594.
    • (2015) Eur J Cancer , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 587-594
    • Pietrantonio, F.1    Petrelli, F.2    Coinu, A.3
  • 32
    • 84862026304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy as first-line treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS randomised clinical trials
    • 32 Bokemeyer, C., Van Cutsem, E., Rougier, P., et al. Addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy as first-line treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS randomised clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 48:10 (2012), 1466–1475.
    • (2012) Eur J Cancer , vol.48 , Issue.10 , pp. 1466-1475
    • Bokemeyer, C.1    Van Cutsem, E.2    Rougier, P.3
  • 33
    • 84930872726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of BRAF mutation as a predictive biomarker of benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer
    • 33 Rowland, A., Dias, M.M., Wiese, M.D., et al. Meta-analysis of BRAF mutation as a predictive biomarker of benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 112:12 (2015), 1888–1894.
    • (2015) Br J Cancer , vol.112 , Issue.12 , pp. 1888-1894
    • Rowland, A.1    Dias, M.M.2    Wiese, M.D.3
  • 34
    • 84881640407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation testing in colorectal cancer prognostication
    • 34 Lochhead, P., Kuchiba, A., Imamura, Y., et al. Microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation testing in colorectal cancer prognostication. J Natl Cancer Inst 105:15 (2013), 1151–1156.
    • (2013) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.105 , Issue.15 , pp. 1151-1156
    • Lochhead, P.1    Kuchiba, A.2    Imamura, Y.3
  • 35
    • 84899918816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis and clinical correlation of metastatic colorectal cancer
    • 35 Russo, A.L., Borger, D.R., Szymonifka, J., et al. Mutational analysis and clinical correlation of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 120:10 (2014), 1482–1490.
    • (2014) Cancer , vol.120 , Issue.10 , pp. 1482-1490
    • Russo, A.L.1    Borger, D.R.2    Szymonifka, J.3
  • 36
    • 84928503445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-type proto-oncogene-mutated tumors of colon cancer: promising therapeutic approaches
    • 36 Temraz, S., Alameddine, R., Shamseddine, A., B-type proto-oncogene-mutated tumors of colon cancer: promising therapeutic approaches. Curr Opin Oncol 27:3 (2015), 276–281.
    • (2015) Curr Opin Oncol , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 276-281
    • Temraz, S.1    Alameddine, R.2    Shamseddine, A.3
  • 37
    • 84859865072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer: cohort study and literature review
    • 37 Liao, X., Morikawa, T., Lochhead, P., et al. Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer: cohort study and literature review. Clin Cancer Res 18:8 (2012), 2257–2268.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 2257-2268
    • Liao, X.1    Morikawa, T.2    Lochhead, P.3
  • 38
    • 84860634396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PIK3CA exon 20 mutations as a potential biomarker for resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 38 Mao, C., Yang, Z.Y., Hu, X.F., et al. PIK3CA exon 20 mutations as a potential biomarker for resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 23:6 (2012), 1518–1525.
    • (2012) Ann Oncol , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 1518-1525
    • Mao, C.1    Yang, Z.Y.2    Hu, X.F.3
  • 39
    • 84950112625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PIK3CA mutation, aspirin use after diagnosis and survival of colorectal cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
    • 39 Paleari, L., Puntoni, M., Clavarezza, M., et al. PIK3CA mutation, aspirin use after diagnosis and survival of colorectal cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Clin Oncol 28:5 (2016), 317–326.
    • (2016) Clin Oncol , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 317-326
    • Paleari, L.1    Puntoni, M.2    Clavarezza, M.3
  • 40
    • 84867817838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation, and colorectal-cancer survival
    • 40 Liao, X., Lochhead, P., Nishihara, R., et al. Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation, and colorectal-cancer survival. N Engl J Med 367:17 (2012), 1596–1606.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , Issue.17 , pp. 1596-1606
    • Liao, X.1    Lochhead, P.2    Nishihara, R.3
  • 41
    • 84929583828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive analysis of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss in colorectal cancer
    • 41 Lin, P.C., Lin, J.K., Lin, H.H., et al. A comprehensive analysis of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss in colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 13, 2015, 186.
    • (2015) World J Surg Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 186
    • Lin, P.C.1    Lin, J.K.2    Lin, H.H.3
  • 42
    • 73449138781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological significance of nuclear PTEN expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma
    • 42 Jang, K.S., Song, Y.S., Jang, S.H., et al. Clinicopathological significance of nuclear PTEN expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 56:2 (2010), 229–239.
    • (2010) Histopathology , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-239
    • Jang, K.S.1    Song, Y.S.2    Jang, S.H.3
  • 43
    • 84896856425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciliation of classification systems defining molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer: interrelationships and clinical implications
    • 43 Sadanandam, A., Wang, X., de Sousa, E.M.F., et al. Reconciliation of classification systems defining molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer: interrelationships and clinical implications. Cell Cycle 13:3 (2014), 353–357.
    • (2014) Cell Cycle , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-357
    • Sadanandam, A.1    Wang, X.2    de Sousa, E.M.F.3
  • 44
    • 79851511414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field
    • 44 Ogino, S., Chan, A.T., Fuchs, C.S., et al. Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field. Gut 60:3 (2011), 397–411.
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-411
    • Ogino, S.1    Chan, A.T.2    Fuchs, C.S.3
  • 45
    • 84865744415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13, and patient prognosis in 1075 BRAF wild-type colorectal cancers
    • 45 Imamura, Y., Morikawa, T., Liao, X., et al. Specific mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13, and patient prognosis in 1075 BRAF wild-type colorectal cancers. Clin Cancer Res 18:17 (2012), 4753–4763.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , Issue.17 , pp. 4753-4763
    • Imamura, Y.1    Morikawa, T.2    Liao, X.3
  • 46
    • 84928698324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KRAS discordance between primary and metastatic tumor in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma
    • 46 Siyar Ekinci, A., Demirci, U., Cakmak Oksuzoglu, B., et al. KRAS discordance between primary and metastatic tumor in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J BUON 20:1 (2015), 128–135.
    • (2015) J BUON , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 128-135
    • Siyar Ekinci, A.1    Demirci, U.2    Cakmak Oksuzoglu, B.3
  • 47
    • 84873509424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low percentage of KRAS mutations revealed by locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction: implications for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
    • 47 Dono, M., Massucco, C., Chiara, S., et al. Low percentage of KRAS mutations revealed by locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction: implications for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Mol Med 18 (2012), 1519–1526.
    • (2012) Mol Med , vol.18 , pp. 1519-1526
    • Dono, M.1    Massucco, C.2    Chiara, S.3
  • 48
    • 77952092674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KRAS and BRAF mutational status in primary colorectal tumors and related metastatic sites: biological and clinical implications
    • 48 Italiano, A., Hostein, I., Soubeyran, I., et al. KRAS and BRAF mutational status in primary colorectal tumors and related metastatic sites: biological and clinical implications. Ann Surg Oncol 17:5 (2010), 1429–1434.
    • (2010) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 1429-1434
    • Italiano, A.1    Hostein, I.2    Soubeyran, I.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.