Non-pathogenic neisseria: Members of an abundant, multi-habitat, diverse genus

Microbiology (United Kingdom)

Volumn 161, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1297-1312

  Liu, Guangyu ^a   Tang, Christoph M ^a   Exley, Rachel M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

BACTEREMIA; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BITE; COMMENSAL; CONJUNCTIVITIS; DIARRHEA; GENUS; HOST; HUMAN; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; MOUTH FLORA; NEISSERIA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPTICEMIA; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; ANIMAL; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HETEROZYGOTE; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; OROPHARYNX; PHYSIOLOGY; SYMBIOSIS;

COCCOIDEA; NEGIBACTERIA; NEISSERIA; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS;

ANIMALS; CARRIER STATE; ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; NEISSERIA; OROPHARYNX; SYMBIOSIS;

EID: 84979828704     PISSN: 13500872     EISSN: 14652080     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000086     Document Type: Review

References (173)

1. Abandeh, F. I., Balada-Llasat, J. M., Pancholi, P., Risaliti, C. M., Maher, W. E. & Bazan, J. A. (2012). A rare case of Neisseria bacilliformis native valve endocarditis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 73, 378–379
2. Abrahamian, F. M. & Goldstein, E. J. (2011). Microbiology of animal bite wound infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 24, 231–246
3. Allison, K. & Clarridge, J. E. III (2005). Long-term respiratory tract infection with canine-associated Pasteurella dagmatis and Neisseria canis in a patient with chronic bronchiectasis. J Clin Microbiol 43, 4272–4274
4. Andersen, B. M., Steigerwalt, A. G., O’Connor, S. P., Hollis, D. G., Weyant, R. S., Weaver, R. E. & Brenner, D. J. (1993). Neisseria weaveri sp. nov., formerly CDC group M-5, a gram-negative bacterium associated with dog bite wounds. J Clin Microbiol 31, 2456–2466
5. Andreotti, R., Pérez de León, A. A., Dowd, S. E., Guerrero, F. D., Bendele, K. G. & Scoles, G. A. (2011). Assessment of bacterial diversity in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus through tag-encoded pyrosequencing. BMC Microbiol 11, 6
6. Bailie, W. E., Stowe, E. C. & Schmitt, A. M. (1978). Aerobic bacterial flora of oral and nasal fluids of canines with reference to bacteria associated with bites. J Clin Microbiol 7, 223–231
7. Baral, R. M., Catt, M. J., Soon, L., Martin, P., Bosward, K. L., Chen, S. C. & Malik, R. (2007). Successful treatment of a localised CDC Group EF-4a infection in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 9, 67–71
8. Barrett, S. J., Schlater, L. K., Montali, R. J. & Sneath, P. H. A. (1994). A new species of Neisseria from iguanid lizards, Neisseria iguanae sp. nov. Lett Appl Microbiol 18, 200–202
9. Benes, J., Dzupova, O., Krizova, P. & Rozsypal, H. (2003). Tricuspid valve endocarditis due to Neisseria cinerea. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22, 106–107
10. Bennett, J. S., Griffiths, D. T., McCarthy, N. D., Sleeman, K. L., Jolley, K. A., Crook, D. W. & Maiden, M. C. (2005). Genetic diversity and carriage dynamics of Neisseria lactamica in infants. Infect Immun 73, 2424–2432
11. Bennett, J. S., Jolley, K. A., Earle, S. G., Corton, C., Bentley, S. D., Parkhill, J. & Maiden, M. C. (2012). A genomic approach to bacterial taxonomy: an examination and proposed reclassification of species within the genus Neisseria. Microbiology 158, 1570–1580
12. Bennett, J. S., Jolley, K. A. & Maiden, M. C. J. (2013). Genome sequence analyses show that Neisseria oralis is the same species as ‘Neisseria mucosa var. heidelbergensis’. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 3920–3926
13. Bennett, J. S., Watkins, E. R., Jolley, K. A., Harrison, O. B. & Maiden, M. C. J. (2014). Identifying Neisseria species by use of the 50S ribosomal protein L6 (rplF) gene. J Clin Microbiol 52, 1375–1381
14. Benson, H., Brennwasser, R. & D’Andrea, D. (1928). Neisseria Subflava (Bergey) meningitis in an infant. J Infect Dis 43, 516–524
15. Berger, U. (1960). Neisseria animalis nov. spec. Z Hyg Infektionskr 147, 158–161
16. Berger, U. (1962). U¨ ber das Vorkommen von Neisserien bei einigen Tieren. Z Hyg Infektionskr 148, 445–457
17. Bogaert, D., Keijser, B., Huse, S., Rossen, J., Veenhoven, R. & van Gils, E. (2011). Variability and diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children: a metagenomic analysis. PLoS One 6, e17035
18. Boissière, A., Tchioffo, M. T., Bachar, D., Abate, L., Marie, A., Nsango, S. E., Shahbazkia, H. R., Awono-Ambene, P. H. & Levashina, E. A. (2012). Midgut microbiota of the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae and interactions with Plasmodium falciparum infection. PLoS Pathog 8, e1002742
19. Borin, S., Marzorati, M., Brusetti, L., Zilli, M., Cherif, H., Hassen, A., Converti, A., Sorlini, C. & Daffonchio, D. (2006). Microbial succession in a compost-packed biofilter treating benzenecontaminated air. Biodegradation 17, 181–191
20. Bourbeau, P., Holla, V. & Piemontese, S. (1990). Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Neisseria cinerea. J Clin Microbiol 28, 1640–1641
21. Bovre, K. & Holten, E. (1970). Neisseria elongata sp. nov., a rodshaped member of the genus Neisseria. Re-evaluation of cell shape as criterion in classification. J Gen Microbiol 60, 67–75
22. Bowers, L. C., Purcell, J. E., Plauché, G. B., Denoel, P. A., Lobet, Y. & Philipp, M. T. (2002). Assessment of the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of rhesus macaques: moraxella, Neisseria, haemophilus, and other genera. J Clin Microbiol 40, 4340–4342
23. Boyce, J. M., Taylor, M. R., Mitchell, E. B. Jr & Knapp, J. S. (1985). Nosocomial pneumonia caused by a glucose-metabolizing strain of Neisseria cinerea. J Clin Microbiol 21, 1–3
24. Bozzola, J. J. (2007). Conventional specimen preparation techniques for scanning electron microscopy of biological specimens. Methods Mol Biol 369, 449–466
25. Branham, S. E. (1930). A new meningococcus-like organism (Neisseria flavescens n. sp.) from epidemic meningitis. Public Health Reports (1896–1970) 45, 845–849
26. Brennan, R., Patel, M. & Hope, A. (1989). Gonococcal conjunctivitis in Central Australia. Med J Aust 150, 48–49
27. Cantas, H., Pekarkova, M., Kippenes, H. S., Brudal, E. & Sorum, H. (2011). First reported isolation of Neisseria canis from a deep facial wound infection in a dog. J Clin Microbiol 49, 2043–2046
28. Carlson, P., Kontiainen, S., Anttila, P. & Eerola, E. (1997). Septicemia caused by Neisseria weaveri. Clin Infect Dis 24, 739
29. Carrier, C. A., Elliott, T. B. & Ledney, G. D. (2009). Resident bacteria in a mixed population of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) monkeys: a prevalence study. J Med Primatol 38, 397–403
30. Carrillo-Pé rez, E., Ruiz-Manríquez, A. & Yeomans-Reina, H. (2004). Isolation, identification and evaluation of a mixed culture of micro-organisms for degradation of DDT. Revista Internacional de Contaminacio´n Ambiental 20, 69–75
31. Carter, J. E., Mizell, K. N. & Evans, T. N. (2007). Neisseria sicca meningitis following intracranial hemorrhage and ventriculostomy tube placement. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 109, 918–921
32. Cartwright, K. A. V., Stuart, J. M., Jones, D. M. & Noah, N. D. (1987). The Stonehouse survey: nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococci and Neisseria lactamica. Epidemiol Infect 99, 591–601
33. Cephas, K. D., Kim, J., Mathai, R. A., Barry, K. A., Dowd, S. E., Meline, B. S. & Swanson, K. S. (2011). Comparative analysis of salivary bacterial microbiome diversity in edentulous infants and their mothers or primary care givers using pyrosequencing. PLoS One 6, e23503
34. Claesson, M. J., Wang, Q., O’Sullivan, O., Greene-Diniz, R., Cole, J. R., Ross, R. P. & O’Toole, P. W. (2010). Comparison of two nextgeneration sequencing technologies for resolving highly complex microbiota composition using tandem variable 16S rRNA gene regions. Nucleic Acids Res 38, e200
35. Clapper, W. E. & Meade, G. H. (1963). Normal flora of the nose, throat, and lower intestine of dogs. J Bacteriol 85, 643–648
36. Contreras, M., Costello, E. K., Hidalgo, G., Magris, M., Knight, R. & Dominguez-Bello, M. G. (2010). The bacterial microbiota in the oral mucosa of rural Amerindians. Microbiology 156, 3282–3287
37. Corboz, L., Ossent, P. & Gruber, H. (1993). Isolation and characterization of group EF-4 bacteria from various lesions in cat, dog and badger. Zentralbl Bakteriol 279, 140–145
38. Crielaard, W., Zaura, E., Schuller, A. A., Huse, S. M., Montijn, R. C. & Keijser, B. J. (2011). Exploring the oral microbiota of children at various developmental stages of their dentition in the relation to their oral health. BMC Med Genomics 4, 22
39. Curtis, M. A., Zenobia, C. & Darveau, R. P. (2011). The relationship of the oral microbiotia to periodontal health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 10, 302–306
40. De Carvalho, L. R., Farias, L. M., Nicoli, J. R., Silva, M. C. F., Corsino, A. T. S. M., Lima, L. A., Redondo, R. A. F., Peregrino Ferreira, P. C. & Margutti Pinto, M. E. B. (2003). Dominant culturable bacterial microbiota in the digestive tract of the American black vulture (Coragyps atratus Bechstein 1793) and search for antagonistic substances. Braz J Microbiol 34, 218–224
41. Dent, V. E. & Marsh, P. D. (1981). Evidence for a basic plaque microbial community on the tooth surface in animals. Arch Oral Biol 26, 171–179
42. Dewar, M. L., Arnould, J. P., Dann, P., Trathan, P., Groscolas, R. & Smith, S. (2013). Interspecific variations in the gastrointestinal microbiota in penguins. MicrobiologyOpen 2, 195–204
43. Dewar, M. L., Arnould, J. P., Krause, L., Trathan, P., Dann, P. & Smith, S. C. (2014). Influence of fasting during moult on the faecal microbiota of penguins. PLoS One 9, e99996
44. Dillon, R. J. & Dillon, V. M. (2004). The gut bacteria of insects: nonpathogenic interactions. Annu Rev Entomol 49, 71–92
45. Dolieslager, S. M., Riggio, M. P., Lennon, A., Lappin, D. F., Johnston, N., Taylor, D. & Bennett, D. (2011). Identification of bacteria associated with feline chronic gingivostomatitis using culturedependent and culture-independent methods. Vet Microbiol 148, 93–98
46. Dong, Y., Manfredini, F. & Dimopoulos, G. (2009). Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000423
47. Dossett, J. H., Appelbaum, P. C., Knapp, J. S. & Totten, P. A. (1985). Proctitis associated with Neisseria cinerea misidentified as Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a child. J Clin Microbiol 21, 575–577
48. Downie, A. W. (1940). Survival of meningococci on swabs and blood agar. Lancet 236, 36–37
49. Ege, M. J., Mayer, M., Schwaiger, K., Mattes, J., Pershagen, G., van Hage, M., Scheynius, A., Bauer, J. & von Mutius, E. (2012). Environmental bacteria and childhood asthma. Allergy 67, 1565–1571
50. Elliott, D. R., Wilson, M., Buckley, C. M. & Spratt, D. A. (2005). Cultivable oral microbiota of domestic dogs. J Clin Microbiol 43, 5470–5476
51. Eser, I., Akcali, A., Tatman-Otkun, M. & Taskiran-Comez, A. (2014). Conjunctivitis due to Neisseria sicca: a case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 62, 350–352
52. Evans, C. M., Pratt, C. B., Matheson, M., Vaughan, T. E., Findlow, J., Borrow, R., Gorringe, A. R. & Read, R. C. (2011). Nasopharyngeal colonization by Neisseria lactamica and induction of protective immunity against Neisseria meningitidis. Clin Infect Dis 52, 70–77
53. Everts, R. J., Speers, D., George, S. T., Ansell, B. J., Karunajeewa, H. & Ramos, R. D. (2010). Neisseria lactamica arthritis and septicemia complicating myeloma. J Clin Microbiol 48, 2318
54. Farrell, J. J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Chia, D., Elashoff, D., Akin, D., Paster, B. J., Joshipura, K. & Wong, D. T. (2012). Variations of oral microbiota are associated with pancreatic diseases including pancreatic cancer. Gut 61, 582–588
55. Feazel, L. M., Baumgartner, L. K., Peterson, K. L., Frank, D. N., Harris, J. K. & Pace, N. R. (2009). Opportunistic pathogens enriched in showerhead biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 16393–16399
56. Fenwick, B. W., Jang, S. S. & Gillespie, D. S. (1983). Pneumonia caused by a eugonic fermenting bacterium in an African lion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 183, 1315–1317
57. Filkins, L. M., Hampton, T. H., Gifford, A. H., Gross, M. J., Hogan, D. A., Sogin, M. L., Morrison, H. G., Paster, B. J. & O’Toole, G. A. (2012). Prevalence of streptococci and increased polymicrobial diversity associated with cystic fibrosis patient stability. J Bacteriol 194, 4709–4717
58. Förster, M., Klimpel, S., Mehlhorn, H., Sievert, K., Messler, S. & Pfeffer, K. (2007). Pilot study on synanthropic flies (e.g. Musca, Sarcophaga, Calliphora, Fannia, Lucilia, Stomoxys) as vectors of pathogenic micro-organisms. Parasitol Res 101, 243–246
59. Ganière, J. P., Escande, F., André -Fontaine, G., Larrat, M. & Filloneau, C. (1995). Characterization of group EF-4 bacteria from the oral cavity of dogs. Vet Microbiol 44, 1–9
60. Garner, J. & Briant, R. H. (1986). Osteomyelitis caused by a bacterium known as M6. J Infect 13, 298–300
61. Gold, R., Goldschneider, I., Lepow, M. L., Draper, T. F. & Randolph, M. (1978). Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in infants and children. J Infect Dis 137, 112–121
62. Gorringe, A. R., Taylor, S., Brookes, C., Matheson, M., Finney, M., Kerr, M., Hudson, M., Findlow, J. & Borrow, R. (2009). Phase I safety and immunogenicity study of a candidate meningococcal disease vaccine based on Neisseria lactamica outer membrane vesicles. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16, 1113–1120
63. Grob, J. J., Bollet, C., Richard, M. A., De Micco, P. & Bonerandi, J. J. (1989). Extensive skin ulceration due to EF-4 bacterial infection in a patient with AIDS. Br J Dermatol 121, 507–510
64. Guibourdenche, M., Lambert, T. & Riou, J. Y. (1989). Isolation of Neisseria canis in mixed culture from a patient after a cat bite. J Clin Microbiol 27, 1673–1674
65. Haddow, L. J., Mulgrew, C., Ansari, A., Miell, J., Jackson, G., Malnick, H. & Rao, G. G. (2003). Neisseria elongata endocarditis: case report and literature review. Clin Microbiol Infect 9, 426–430
66. Han, X. Y., Hong, T. & Falsen, E. (2006). Neisseria bacilliformis sp. nov. isolated from human infections. J Clin Microbiol 44, 474–479
67. Hernández-Castro, R., Martínez-Chavarría, L., Díaz-Avelar, A., Romero-Osorio, A., Godínez-Reyes, C., Zavala-González, A. & Verdugo-Rodríguez, A. (2005). Aerobic bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in Gulf of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups. Vet J 170, 359–363
68. Hofstad, T., Hope, O. & Falsen, E. (1998). Septicaemia with Neisseria elongata ssp. nitroreducens in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathia. Scand J Infect Dis 30, 200–201
69. Holcombe, L. J., Patel, N., Colyer, A., Deusch, O., O’Flynn, C. & Harris, S. (2014). Early canine plaque biofilms: characterization of key bacterial interactions involved in initial colonization of enamel. PLoS One 9, e113744
70. Hollis, D. G., Wiggins, G. L. & Weaver, R. E. (1969). Neisseria lactamicus sp. n., a lactose-fermenting species resembling Neisseria meningitidis. Appl Microbiol 17, 71–77
71. Holmes, B., Costas, M. & Wood, A. C. (1990). Numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of Group EF-4 bacteria, predominantly from dog-bite wounds of humans. J Appl Bacteriol 68, 81–91
72. Huang, L., Ma, L., Fan, K., Li, Y., Xie, L., Xia, W., Gu, B. & Liu, G. (2014). Necrotizing pneumonia and empyema caused by Neisseria flavescens infection. J Thorac Dis 6, 553–557
73. Hujoel, P. P., Drangsholt, M., Spiekerman, C. & Weiss, N. S. (2003). An exploration of the periodontitis-cancer association. Ann Epidemiol 13, 312–316
74. Jannatabadi, A. A., Mohammadi, G. R., Rad, M. & Maleki, M. (2008). Molecular identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in nasal swabs samples from horses suffering respiratory infections in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 11, 468–471
75. Jeyaprakash, A., Hoy, M. A. & Allsopp, M. H. (2003). Bacterial diversity in worker adults of Apis mellifera capensis and Apis mellifera scutellata (Insecta: Hymenoptera) assessed using 16S rRNA sequences. J Invertebr Pathol 84, 96–103
76. Jiang, C., Caccamo, P. D. & Brun, Y. V. (2015). Mechanisms of bacterial morphogenesis: Evolutionary cell biology approaches provide new insights. BioEssays 37, 413–425
77. Kayalvizhi, N., Anthony, T. & Gunasekaran, P. (2008). Characterization of the predominant bacteria associated with sheep and goat skin. Journal of American Leather Chemists Association 103, 182–187
78. Keijser, B. J. F., Zaura, E., Huse, S. M., van der Vossen, J. M. B. M., Schuren, F. H. J., Montijn, R. C., ten Cate, J. M. & Crielaard, W. (2008). Pyrosequencing analysis of the oral microflora of healthy adults. J Dent Res 87, 1016–1020
79. Kirchgesner, V., Plesiat, P., Dupont, M. J., Estavoyer, J.-M., Guibourdenche, M., Riou, J.-Y. & Michel-Briand, Y. (1995). Meningitis and septicemia due to Neisseria cinerea. Clin Infect Dis 21, 1351
80. Knapp, J. S., Totten, P. A., Mulks, M. H. & Minshew, B. H. (1984). Characterization of Neisseria cinerea, a nonpathogenic species isolated on Martin-Lewis medium selective for pathogenic Neisseria spp. J Clin Microbiol 19, 63–67
81. Kocyigit, I., Unal, A., Sipahioglu, M., Tokgoz, B., Oymak, O. & Utas, C. (2010). Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to Neisseria weaveri: the first case report. Perit Dial Int 30, 116–117
82. Konya, T., Koster, B., Maughan, H., Escobar, M., Azad, M. B., Guttman, D. S., Sears, M. R., Becker, A. B. & Brook, J. R. (2014). Associations between bacterial communities of house dust and infant gut. Environ Res 131, 25–30
83. Koren, O., Spor, A., Felin, J., Fåk, F., Stombaugh, J., Tremaroli, V., Behre, C. J., Knight, R. & Fagerberg, B. (2011). Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 (Suppl 1), 4592–4598
84. Kostanjsˇ ek, R., Sˇ trus, J. & Avgusˇ tin, G. (2002). Genetic diversity of bacteria associated with the hindgut of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 40, 171–179
85. Lee, M. Y., Park, E. G., Choi, J. Y., Cheong, H. S., Chung, D. R., Peck, K. R., Song, J. H. & Ko, K. S. (2010). ‘Neisseria skkuensis’ sp. nov., isolated from the blood of a diabetic patient with a foot ulcer. J Med Microbiol 59, 856–859
86. Lewin, R. A. & Hughes, W. T. (1966). Neisseria subflava as a cause of meningitis and septicemia in children. Report of five cases. JAMA 195, 821–823
87. Li, G., Lai, R., Duan, G., Lyu, L. B., Zhang, Z. Y., Liu, H. & Xiang, X. (2014). Isolation and identification of symbiotic bacteria from the skin, mouth, and rectum of wild and captive tree shrews. Dongwuxue Yanjiu 35, 492–499
88. Ling, Z., Kong, J., Jia, P., Wei, C., Wang, Y., Pan, Z., Huang, W., Li, L., Chen, H. & Xiang, C. (2010). Analysis of oral microbiota in children with dental caries by PCR-DGGE and barcoded pyrosequencing. Microb Ecol 60, 677–690
89. Ling, Z., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Li, L. & Xiang, C. (2013). Pyrosequencing analysis of the salivary microbiota of healthy Chinese children and adults. Microb Ecol 65, 487–495
90. Lloyd, J. & Allen, J. G. (1980). The isolation of group EF-4 bacteria from a case of granulomatous pneumonia in a tiger cub. Aust Vet J 56, 399–400
91. Locy, C. J. (1995). Neisseria mucosa septicemia. Clin Microbiol Newsl 17, 72
92. Mak, D. B., Smith, D. W., Harnett, G. B. & Plant, A. J. (2001). A large outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by a single genotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae distinct from those causing genital tract infections. Epidemiol Infect 126, 373–378
93. Martiny, N. & Chiapello, I. (2013). Assessments for the impact of mineral dust on the meningitis incidence in West Africa. Atmos Environ 70, 245–253
94. Masliah-Planchon, J., Breton, G., Jarlier, V., Simon, A., Benveniste, O., Herson, S. & Drieux, L. (2009). Endocarditis due to Neisseria bacilliformis in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve. J Clin Microbiol 47, 1973–1975
95. Matters, R., Wong, I. & Mak, D. (1998). An outbreak of non-sexually transmitted gonococcal conjunctivitis in Central Australia and the Kimberley region. Commun Dis Intell 22, 52–56.discussion 57–58
96. McCarthy, C., Snyder, M. L. & Parker, R. B. (1965). The indigenous oral flora of man. I The newborn to the 1-year-old infant. Arch Oral Biol 10, 61–70
97. McParland, P. J., O’Hagan, J., Pearson, G. R. & Neill, S. D. (1982). Pathological changes associated with group EF-4 bacteria in the lungs of a dog and a cat. Vet Rec 111, 336–338
98. Mechergui, A., Achour, W. & Hassen, A. B. (2014). Laboratory identification methods of nonpathogenic Neisseria species. Rev Med Microbiol 25, 85–92
99. Merianos, A., Condon, R. J., Tapsall, J. W., Jayathissa, S., Mulvey, G., Lane, J. M., Patel, M. S. & Rouse, I. (1995). Epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis in central Australia. Med J Aust 162, 178–181
100. Merz, A. J. & So, M. (2000). Interactions of pathogenic Neisseriae with epithelial cell membranes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16, 423–457
101. Michaud, D. S., Joshipura, K., Giovannucci, E. & Fuchs, C. S. (2007). A prospective study of periodontal disease and pancreatic cancer in US male health professionals. J Natl Cancer Inst 99, 171–175
102. Molesworth, A. M., Cuevas, L. E., Connor, S. J., Morse, A. P. & Thomson, M. C. (2003). Environmental risk and meningitis epidemics in Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 9, 1287–1293
103. Molina, F., Durán, M. T., Llinares, P. & Diz-Lois, F. (2000). Endocarditis due to Neisseria subflava with negative blood cultures. Clin Microbiol Newsl 22, 158–159
104. Mugisha, L., Köndgen, S., Kaddu-Mulindwa, D., Gaffikin, L. & Leendertz, F. H. (2014). Nasopharyngeal colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria found in healthy semi-captive wild-born chimpanzees in Uganda. Am J Primatol 76, 103–110
105. Murphy, J., Devane, M. L., Robson, B. & Gilpin, B. J. (2005). Genotypic characterization of bacteria cultured from duck faeces. J Appl Microbiol 99, 301–309
106. Nakamura, M., Matsui, H., Serizawa, H., Murayama, S. Y., Yamaguchi, T., Takahashi, T., Matsumoto, T., Yamada, H., Hibi, T. & Tsuchimoto, K. (2006). Coinfection of Helicobacter pylori and Neisseria subflava is closely associated with lymph follicle formation in human stomach. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 24, 207–213
107. Nasidze, I., Li, J., Quinque, D., Tang, K. & Stoneking, M. (2009). Global diversity in the human salivary microbiome. Genome Res 19, 636–643
108. Neisser, A. (1879). Über eine der Gonorrhoe eigenthu¨mliche Micrococcusform. Centralblatt fu¨r medizinische Wissenschaft 17, 497–500
109. Panagea, S., Bijoux, R., Corkill, J. E., Al Rashidi, F. & Hart, C. A. (2002). A case of lower respiratory tract infection caused by Neisseria weaveri and review of the literature. J Infect 44, 96–98
110. Park, S. Y., Kang, S. J., Joo, E. J., Ha, Y. E., Baek, J. Y., Wi, Y. M., Kang, C. I., Chung, D. R. & Peck, K. R. (2012). Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Neisseria skkuensis, a novel Neisseria species. J Clin Microbiol 50, 2820–2822
111. Pérez García-Pando, C., Stanton, M. C., Diggle, P. J., Trzaska, S., Miller, R. L., Perlwitz, J. P., Baldasano, J. M., Cuevas, E. & Ceccato, P. (2014). Soil dust aerosols and wind as predictors of seasonal meningitis incidence in Niger. Environ Health Perspect 122, 679–686
112. Perry, A. W. & Schlingman, D. W. (1988). Pneumonia associated with eugonic fermenter-4 bacteria in two Chinese leopard cats. Can Vet J 29, 921–922
113. Pilmis, B., Lefort, A., Lecuit, M., Join-Lambert, O., Nassif, X., Lortholary, O. & Charlier, C. (2014). Endocarditis due to Neisseria mucosa: case report and review of 21 cases: a rare and severe cause of endocarditis. J Infect 68, 601–604
114. Plowman, C. A., Montali, R. J., Phillips, L. G., Schlater, L. K. & Lowenstine, L. J. (1987). Septicemia and chronic abscesses in iguanas (Cyclura cornuta and Iguana iguana) associated with a Neisseria species. Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 18, 86–93
115. Ramos, G., Fernandez-Berger, M. A., Morales, S., Duran, E. & Rubio, M. C. (1998). Neisseria subflava bacteremia in a transplant patient. Clin Microbiol Newsl 20, 131–132
116. Riou, J. & Guibourdenche, M. (1987). Neisseria polysaccharea sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43, 490–499
117. Roebuck, J. D. & Morris, J. T. (1999). Chronic otitis media due to EF-4 bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 29, 1343–1344
118. Ronaghi, M., Uhlé n, M. & Nyré n, P. (1998). A sequencing method based on real-time pyrophosphate. Science 281, 363–365
119. Ryu, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, H. Y., Bai, J. Y., Nam, Y. D., Bae, J. W., Lee, D. G., Shin, S. C., Ha, E. M. & Lee, W. J. (2008). Innate immune homeostasis by the homeobox gene caudal and commensal-gut mutualism in Drosophila. Science 319, 777–782
120. Safton, S., Cooper, G., Harrison, M., Wright, L. & Walsh, P. (1999). Neisseria canis infection: a case report. Commun Dis Intell 23, 221
121. Said, H. S., Suda, W., Nakagome, S., Chinen, H., Oshima, K., Kim, S., Kimura, R., Iraha, A. & Ishida, H. (2014). Dysbiosis of salivary microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease and its association with oral immunological biomarkers. DNA Res 21, 15–25
122. Sakai, K., Yamauchi, T., Nakasu, F. & Ohe, T. (1996). Biodegradation of cellulose acetate by Neisseria sicca. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60, 1617–1622
123. Schook, P. O., Stohl, E. A., Criss, A. K. & Seifert, H. S. (2011). The DNA-binding activity of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae LexA orthologue NG1427 is modulated by oxidation. Mol Microbiol 79, 846–860
124. Sharma, P., Sharma, S., Maurya, R. K., Das De, T., Thomas, T., Lata, S., Singh, N., Pandey, K. C., Valecha, N. & Dixit, R. (2014). Salivary glands harbor more diverse microbial communities than gut in Anopheles culicifacies. Parasit Vectors 7, 235
125. Shaw, F. W. (1932). The pathogenicity of Neisseria Sicca. Science 75, 488
126. Sinave, C. P. & Ratzan, K. R. (1987). Infective endocarditis caused by Neisseria flavescens. Am J Med 82, 163–164
127. Sneath, P. H. A. & Barrett, S. J. (1996). A new species of Neisseria from the dental plaque of the domestic cow. Neisseria dentiae sp. nov. Lett Appl Microbiol 23, 355–358
128. Sommerstein, R., Ramsay, D., Dubuis, O., Waser, S., Aebersold, F. & Vogt, M. (2013). Fatal Neisseria sicca endocarditis. Infection 41, 747–749
129. Southern, P. M. Jr & Kutscher, A. E. (1987). Bacteremia due to Neisseria cinerea: report of two cases. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 7, 143–147
130. Spanò, S. & Galán, J. E. (2012). A Rab32-dependent pathway contributes to Salmonella typhi host restriction. Science 338, 960–963
131. Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z., Dodd, K. W., Blaser, M. J., Virtamo, J., Taylor, P. R. & Albanes, D. (2003). Tooth loss, pancreatic cancer, and Helicobacter pylori. Am J Clin Nutr 78, 176–181
132. Stotka, J. L., Rupp, M. E., Meier, F. A. & Markowitz, S. M. (1991). Meningitis due to Neisseria mucosa: case report and review. Rev Infect Dis 13, 837–841
133. Sturgeon, A., Stull, J. W., Costa, M. C. & Weese, J. S. (2013). Metagenomic analysis of the canine oral cavity as revealed by highthroughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Vet Microbiol 162, 891–898
134. Sturgeon, A., Pinder, S. L., Costa, M. C. & Weese, J. S. (2014). Characterization of the oral microbiota of healthy cats using nextgeneration sequencing. Vet J 201, 223–229
135. Su, H., McKelvey, J., Rollins, D., Zhang, M., Brightsmith, D. J., Derr, J. & Zhang, S. (2014). Cultivable bacterial microbiota of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): a new reservoir of antimicrobial resistance? PLoS One 9, e99826
136. Sultan, B., Labadi, K., Guégan, J. F. & Janicot, S. (2005). Climate drives the meningitis epidemics onset in west Africa. PLoS Med 2, e6
137. Swain, C. L. & Martin, D. R. (2007). Survival of meningococci outside of the host: implications for acquisition. Epidemiol Infect 135, 315–320
138. Taegtmeyer, M., Saxena, R., Corkill, J. E., Anijeet, H. & Parry, C. M. (2006). Ciprofloxacin treatment of bacterial peritonitis associated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis caused by Neisseria cinerea. J Clin Microbiol 44, 3040–3041
139. Thavasi, R., Aparnadevi, K., Jayalakshmi, S. & Balasubramanian, T. (2007). Plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria. J Environ Biol 28, 617–621
140. Tzeng, Y. L., Martin, L. E. & Stephens, D. S. (2014). Environmental survival of Neisseria meningitidis. Epidemiol Infect 142, 187–190
141. Umeda, K., Hatakeyama, R., Abe, T., Takakura, K., Wada, T., Ogasawara, J., Sanada, S. & Hase, A. (2014). Distribution of Capnocytophaga canimorsus in dogs and cats with genetic characterization of isolates. Vet Microbiol 171, 153–159
142. Valiente Moro, C., Tran, F. H., Raharimalala, F. N., Ravelonandro, P. & Mavingui, P. (2013). Diversity of culturable bacteria including Pantoea in wild mosquito Aedes albopictus. BMC Microbiol 13, 70
143. Vandamme, P., Holmes, B., Bercovier, H. & Coenye, T. (2006). Classification of Centers for Disease Control Group Eugonic Fermenter (EF)-4a and EF-4b as Neisseria animaloris sp. nov. and Neisseria zoodegmatis sp. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1801–1805
144. Vaughan, T. E., Skipp, P. J., O’Connor, C. D., Hudson, M. J., Vipond, R., Elmore, M. J. & Gorringe, A. R. (2006). Proteomic analysis of Neisseria lactamica and N eisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicle vaccine antigens. Vaccine 24, 5277–5293
145. Vedros, N. A., Johnston, D. G. & Warren, P. I. (1973). Neisseria species isolated from dolphins. J Wildl Dis 9, 241–244
146. Vedros, N. A., Hoke, C. & Chun, P. (1983). Neisseria macacae sp. nov., a new Neisseria species isolated from the oropharynges of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Int J Syst Bacteriol 33, 515–520
147. Veloso, F. T. (2011). Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: do they influence treatment and outcome? World J Gastroenterol 17, 2702–2707
148. Verhaert, L. & Van Wetter, C. (2004). Survey of oral diseases in cats in flanders. Vlaams diergeneeskundig tijdschrift 73, 331–340
149. Veron, M., Thibault, P. & Second, L. (1959). Neisseria mucosa (Diplococcus mucosus Lingelsheim). I. Bacteriological description and study of its pathogenicity. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 97, 497–510.
150. von Bubnoff, A. (2008). Next-generation sequencing: the race is on. Cell 132, 721–723.
151. von Bumm, E. (1885). Der Mikro-organismus der gonorrhoischen Schleimhauterkrankungen, Gonococcus-Neisser. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 11, 508–509.
152. von Lingelsheim, W. (1906). Die bakteriologischen Arbeiten der Kgl hygienischen Station zu Beuthen O. Sch. wahrend der Genickstarreepidemie in Oberschlesien im Winter 1904/05 Klin Jahrb 15, 373–489
153. Walther, B. A. & Ewald, P. W. (2004). Pathogen survival in the external environment and the evolution of virulence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 79, 849–869
154. Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, W., Yang, Y., Zhu, J., Shao, H.-j., Zhang, B.-b., Han, T. & Liu, X. (2011). Characterization of a new species of Neisseria isolated from the liver of the gaoyou sheldrake. Afr J Microbiol Res 5, 5102–5106
155. Wang, C. Y., Chuang, Y. M., Teng, L. J., Lee, L. N., Yang, P. C., Kuo, S. H. & Hsueh, P. R. (2006). Bacteraemic pneumonia caused by Neisseria lactamica with reduced susceptibility to penicillin and ciprofloxacin in an adult with liver cirrhosis. J Med Microbiol 55, 1151–1152
156. Wang, H., Chen, Z., Wang, X., Li, N., Wei, J., Sun, P., Wang, G. & Liu, G. (2014). Isolation and characterization of a Neisseria strain from the liver of a Chinese Peking duck. Infect Genet Evol 25, 1–3
157. Warinner, C., Rodrigues, J. F., Vyas, R., Trachsel, C., Shved, N., Grossmann, J., Radini, A., Hancock, Y. & Tito, R. Y. (2014). Pathogens and host immunity in the ancient human oral cavity. Nat Genet 46, 336–344
158. Washburn, R. G., Bryan, C. S., DiSalvo, A. F., Macher, A. M. & Gallin, J. I. (1985). Visceral botryomycosis caused by Neisseria mucosa in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. J Infect Dis 151, 563–564
159. Wei, T., Hu, J., Miyanaga, K. & Tanji, Y. (2013). Comparative analysis of bacterial community and antibiotic-resistant strains in different developmental stages of the housefly (Musca domestica). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97, 1775–1783
160. Weichselbaum, A. (1887). Ueber die Aetiologie der akuten Meningitis cerebrospinalis. Fortschr Med 5, 573–583
161. Weinstein, P. (1991). The Australian bushfly (Musca vetustissima Walker) as a vector of Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis. Med J Aust 155, 717
162. Wertlake, P. T. & Williams, T. W. Jr (1968). Septicaemia caused by Neisseria flavescens. J Clin Pathol 21, 437–439
163. Weyand, N. J., Wertheimer, A. M., Hobbs, T. R., Sisko, J. L., Taku, N. A., Gregston, L. D., Clary, S., Higashi, D. L. & Biais, N. (2013). Neisseria infection of rhesus macaques as a model to study colonization, transmission, persistence, and horizontal gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, 3059–3064
164. Wolfgang, W. J., Carpenter, A. N., Cole, J. A., Gronow, S., Habura, A., Jose, S., Nazarian, E. J., Kohlerschmidt, D. J. & Limberger, R. (2011). Neisseria wadsworthii sp. nov. and Neisseria shayeganii sp. nov., isolated from clinical specimens. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 91–98
165. Wolfgang, W. J., Passaretti, T. V., Jose, R., Cole, J., Coorevits, A., Carpenter, A. N., Jose, S., Van Landschoot, A. & Izard, J. (2013). Neisseria oralis sp. nov., isolated from healthy gingival plaque and clinical samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 1323–1328
166. Xi, Z., Ramirez, J. L. & Dimopoulos, G. (2008). The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection. PLoS Pathog 4, e1000098
167. Xu, J., Deng, H., Huang, T. & Song, S. (2014). Enhanced biodegradation of crude oil in contaminated soil by inoculation of hydrocarbon-degraders. Desalination Water Treat 52, 5126–5135
168. Yadav, M., Stanley, N. F. & Waring, H. (1972). The microbial flora of the gut of the pouch-young and the pouch of a marsupial, Setonix brachyurus. J Gen Microbiol 70, 437–442
169. Yazdankhah, S. P. & Caugant, D. A. (2004). Neisseria meningitidis: an overview of the carriage state. J Med Microbiol 53, 821–832
170. Zaura, E., Keijser, B. J., Huse, S. M. & Crielaard, W. (2009). Defining the healthy ‘‘core microbiome’’ of oral microbial communities. BMC Microbiol 9, 259
171. Zavascki, A. P., Fritscher, L., Superti, S., Dias, C., Kroth, L., Traesel, M. A., Antonello, I. C. & Saitovitch, D. (2006). First case report of Neisseria lactamica causing cavitary lung disease in an adult organ transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol 44, 2666–2668
172. Zeigler, C. C., Persson, G. R., Wondimu, B., Marcus, C., Sobko, T. & Modé er, T. (2012). Microbiota in the oral subgingival biofilm is associated with obesity in adolescence. Obesity (Silver Spring) 20, 157–164
173. Zhou, Y., Lin, P., Li, Q., Han, L., Zheng, H., Wei, Y., Cui, Z., Ni, Y. & Guo, X. (2010). Analysis of the microbiota of sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42, 754–761.