Adjunctive nutraceuticals for depression: A systematic review and meta-analyses

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 173, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 575-587

  Sarris, Jerome ^a   Murphy, Jenifer ^a   Mischoulon, David ^a   Papakostas, George I ^a   Fava, Maurizio ^a   Berk, Michael ^a   Ng, Chee H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN; AMINO ACID; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; COLECALCIFEROL; CREATININE; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FOLIC ACID; FOLINIC ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INOSITOL; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PYRIDOXINE; S ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; TRYPTOPHAN; VITAMIN D; ZINC;

BLOOD VESSEL CALCIFICATION; CONSTIPATION; COPPER DEFICIENCY; DEPRESSION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; META ANALYSIS; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STOMACH DISEASE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; ADVERSE EFFECTS; COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY; DIET THERAPY; DIETARY SUPPLEMENT;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; DEPRESSION; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS;

EID: 84973345512     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: 15357228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Shelton RC: What are the comparative benefits and harms of augmentation treatments in major depression? J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:e531-e533
2. Pietrzak RH, Kinley J, Afifi TO, et al: Subsyndromal depressioninthe United States: prevalence, course, and risk for incident psychiatric outcomes. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1401-1414
3. Papakostas GI, Ionescu DF: Towards new mechanisms: anupdateon therapeutics for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1142-1150
4. Zhou X, Ravindran AV, Qin B, et al: Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and to lerability of augmentationa gent sintreat ment-resistant depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:e487-e498
5. Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Byrne G: Adjuvant use of nutritional and herbal medicines with antidepressants, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:32-41
6. Maes M, Leonard B, Fernandez A, et al: (Neuro)inflammation and neuroprogression as new pathways and drug targets in depression: from antioxidantstokinase inhibitors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:659-663
7. Sarris J, Stough C, Bousman C, et al: An adjunctive antidepressant nutraceutical combination in treating major depression: study protocol, and clinical considerations. Adv Integr Med 2015; 2:49-55
8. Belmaker RH, Agam G: Major depressive disorder. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:55-68
9. Berk M, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, et al: So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from? BMC Med 2013; 11:200
10. Sarris J, Logan AC, Akbaraly TN, et al: Nutritional medicine as mainstream in psychiatry. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:271-274
11. Higgins JP, Thompson SG: Quantifying heterogeneity in a metaanalysis. Stat Med 2002; 21:1539-1558
12. Alpert JE, Papakostas G, Mischoulon D, et al: S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) as an adjunct for resistant major depressive disorder: an open trial following partial or nonresponse to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004; 24:661-664
13. Bambling M, Parham SC, Coulson S, et al: S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and magnesium orotate as adjunctives to SSRIs in suboptimal treatment response of depression in adults: a pilot study. Adv Integr Med 2015; 2:56-62
14. De Berardis D, Marini S, Serroni N, et al: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine augmentation in patients with stage II treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: an open label, fixed dose, single-blind study. Scientific World Journal 2013; 2013:204649
15. Papakostas GI, Mischoulon D, Shyu I, et al: S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for antidepressant nonresponders with major depressive disorder: a doubleblind, randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:942-948
16. Coppen A, Bailey J: Enhancement of the antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: a randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2000; 60:121-130
17. Resler G, Lavie R, Campos J, et al: Effect of folic acid combined with fluoxetine in patients with major depression on plasma homocysteine and vitamin B12, and serotonin levels in lymphocytes. Neuroimmunomodulation 2008; 15:145-152
18. Basoglu C, Ates MA, Algul A, et al: Adjuvant folate with escitalopram treatment and homocystein, folate, vitamin B-12 levelsinpatients with major depressive disorder. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul. 2009; 19:135-142
19. Venkatasubramanian R, Kumar CN, Pandey RS: A randomized double-blind comparison of fluoxetine augmentation by high and low dosage folic acid in patients with depressive episodes. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:644-648
20. Bedson E, Bell D, Carr D, et al: Folate augmentation of treatment-evaluation for depression (FolATED): randomised trial and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment. 2014; 18(48):vii-viii
21. Almeida OP, Ford AH, Hirani V, et al: B vitamins to enhance treatment response to antidepressants in middle-aged and older adults: results from the B-VITAGE randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:450-457
22. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, et al: Enhancement ofrecovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 1990; 336:392-395
23. Alpert JE, Mischoulon D, Rubenstein GE, et al: Folinic acid (Leucovorin) as an adjunctive treatment for SSRI-refractory depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2002; 14:33-38
24. Papakostas GI, Shelton RC, Zajecka JM, et al: L-methylfolate as adjunctive therapy for SSRI-resistant major depression: results of two randomized, double-blind, parallel-sequential trials. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:1267-1274
25. Syed EU, Wasay M, Awan S: Vitamin B 12 supplementation in treating major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Open Neurol J 2013; 7:44-48
26. Su K-P, Huang S-Y, Chiu C-C, et al: Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2003; 13:267-271
27. Carney RM, Freedland KE, Rubin EH, et al: Omega-3 augmentation of sertraline in treatment of depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009; 302:1651-1657
28. Gertsik L, Poland RE, Bresee C, et al: Omega-3 fatty acid augmentation of citalopram treatment for patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 32:61-64
29. Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Yassini-Ardakani M, Karamati M, et al: Eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid in mild-to-moderate depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:636-644
30. Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH: Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:477-479
31. Peet M, Horrobin DF: A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyleicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59:913-919
32. Jazayeri S, Tehrani-Doost M, Keshavarz SA, et al: Comparison of therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid and fluoxetine, separately and in combination, in major depressive disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2008; 42:192-198
33. Bot M, Pouwer F, Assies J, et al: Eicosapentaenoic acid as an add-on to antidepressant medication for co-morbid major depression in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study. J Affect Disord 2010; 126:282-286
34. Levitan RD, Shen JH, Jindal R, et al: Preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of tryptophan combined with fluoxetine to treat major depressive disorder: antidepressant and hypnotic effects. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2000; 25:337-346
35. Shaw DM, Macsweeney DA, Hewland R, et al: Tricyclic antidepressants and tryptophan in unipolar depression. Psychol Med 1975; 5:276-278
36. Thomson J, Rankin H, Ashcroft GW, et al: The treatment of depression in general practice: a comparison of L-tryptophan, amitriptyline, and a combination of L-tryptophan and amitriptyline with placebo. Psychol Med 1982; 12:741-751
37. Glassman AH, Platman SR: Potentiation of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor by tryptophan. J Psychiatr Res 1969; 7:83-88
38. Ayuso Gutierrez JL, Aliño JJ: Tryptophan and an MAOI (nialamide) in the treatment of depression: a double-blind study. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 1971; 6:92-97
39. Walinder J, Skott A, Carlsson A, et al: Potentiation of the antidepressant action of clomipramine by tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33:1384-1389
40. Wålinder J, Carlsson A, Persson R: 5-HT reuptake inhibitors plus tryptophan in endogenous depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1981; 290:179-190
41. Nardini M, De Stefano R, Iannuccelli M, et al: Treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan combined with chlorimipramine, a double-blind study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1983; 3:239-250
42. Siwek M, Dudek D, Paul IA, et al: Zinc supplementation augments efficacy of imipramine in treatment resistant patients: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord 2009; 118:187-195
43. Ranjbar E, Kasaei MS, Mohammad-Shirazi M, et al: Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with major depression: a randomized clinical trial. Iran J Psychiatry 2013; 8:73-79
44. Amr M, El-Mogy A, Shams T, et al: Efficacy of vitamin C as an adjunct to fluoxetine therapy in pediatric major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Nutr J 2013; 12:31
45. Sahraian A, Ghanizadeh A, Kazemeini F: Vitamin C as an adjuvant for treating major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior, a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2015; 16:94
46. Khoraminya N, Tehrani-Doost M, Jazayeri S, et al: Therapeutic effects of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy to fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013; 47:271-275
47. Zanetidou S, Belvederi Murri M, Buffa A, et al: Vitamin D supplements in geriatric major depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 26: 1209-1210
48. Levine J, Mishori A, Susnosky M, et al: Combination of inositol and serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:270-273
49. Nemets B, Mishory A, Levine J, Belmaker RH: Inositol addition does not improve depression in SSRI treatment failures. J Neur Transm 1999; 106:795-798
50. Ille R, Spona J, Zickl M, et al: "Add-on"-therapy with an individualized preparation consisting of free amino acids for patients with a major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257:222-229
51. Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Kim TS, et al: A randomized, double-blind placebocontrolled trial of oral creatine monohydrate augmentation for enhanced response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in women with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:937-945
52. Sanders KM, Stuart AL, Williamson EJ, et al: Annual high-dose vitamin D3 and mental well-being: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2011; 198:357-364
53. Wang R, Zheng Y, Huang JY, et al: Folate intake, serum folate levels, and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1326
54. Tio M, Andrici J, Cox MR, et al: Folate intake and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:213-219
55. Qin X, Cui Y, Shen L, et al: Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1033-1041
56. Baggott JE, Oster RA, Tamura T: Meta-analysis of cancer riskin folic acid supplementation trials. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:78-81
57. European Food Safety Authority: ESCO Report on Analysis of Risks and Benefits of Fortification of Food With Folic Acid 2009. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/3e
58. Fu YQ, Zheng JS, Yang B, et al: Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and doseresponse meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiology 2015; 25:261-274
59. European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies: Scientific opinionon the tolerable upper intake level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). EFSA Journal 2012; 10:2815
60. Carney MW, Martin R, Bottiglieri T, et al: Switch mechanism in affective illness and S-adenosylmethionine. Lancet 1983; 1:820-821
61. Lipinski JF, Cohen BM, Frankenburg F, et al: Open trial of S-adenosylmethionine for treatment of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1984; 141:448-450
62. Murphy BL, Babb SM, Ravichandran C, et al: Oral SAMeinpersistent treatment-refractory bipolar depression: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2014; 34:413-416
63. Ciprian-Ollivier J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Albin J, et al: SSRI, L-tryptophan and serotonin syndrome: experience with 75 patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1996; 6(6, suppl 3):143-143
64. European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies: Scientific opinionon the tolerable upper intake level of vitamin D. EFSA Journal 2012; 10:2813
65. European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies: Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for zinc. EFSA Journal 2014; 12:3844
66. Ferraro PM, Curhan GC, Gambaro G, et al: Total, dietary, and supplemental vitamin C intake and risk of incident kidney stones. Am J Kidney Dis (Epub ahead of print, Oct 10, 2015)
67. Mukai T, Kishi T, Matsuda Y, et al: A meta-analysis of inositol for depression and anxiety disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:55-63
68. Levine J, Barak Y, Gonzalves M, et al: Double-blind, controlled trial of inositol treatment of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:792-794
69. Lin PY, Mischoulon D, Freeman MP, et al: Are omega-3 fatty acids antidepressants or just mood-improving agents? The effect depends upon diagnosis, supplement preparation, and severity of depression (letter). Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1161-1163; author reply 1163-1167
70. Perlis RH, Perlis CS, Wu Y, et al: Industry sponsorship and financial conflict of interest inthe reporting of clinical trials in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:1957-1960
71. King WD, Ho V, Dodds L, et al: Relationships among biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7805-7812
72. Papakostas GI: Evidence for S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70(SUPPL. 5):18-22
73. Smesny S, Milleit B, Schaefer MR, et al: Effects of omega-3 PUFA on the vitamin E and glutathione antioxidant defense system in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:15-21
74. Sarris J, Mischoulon D, Schweitzer I: Omega-3 for bipolar disorder: meta-analyses of use in mania and bipolar depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2012; 73:81-86
75. Pfalzer AC, Choi SW, Tammen SA, et al: S-adenosylmethionine mediates inhibition of inflammatory response and changes in DNA methylation in human macrophages. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:617-623
76. Tsunoda F, Lamon-Fava S, Asztalos BF, et al: Effects of oral eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:400-408
77. Honda KL, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, et al: EPAand DHAexposure alters the inflammatory response but not the surface expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in macrophages. Lipids 2015; 50:121-129
78. Rapaport MH, Nierenberg AA, Schettler PJ, et al: Inflammation as a predictive biomarker for response to omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:71-79
79. Szewczyk B, Kubera M, Nowak G: The role of zinc in neurode generative inflammatory pathways in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:693-701
80. Swardfager W, Herrmann N, McIntyre RS, et al: Potential roles of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:911-929
81. Byerley WF, Judd LL, Reimherr FW, et al: 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7:127-137
82. Kim H, McGrath BM, Silverstone PH: A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidyl in ositol second messenger system (PI-cycle) to psychiatric disorders - focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies. Hum Psychopharmacol 2005; 20: 309-326
83. Fisher SK, Heacock AM, Agranoff BW: Inositol lipids and signal transduction in the nervous system: an update. J Neurochem 1992; 58:18-38
84. Einat H, Belmaker RH: The effects of inositol treatment in animal models of psychiatric disorders. J Affect Disord 2001; 62: 113-121
85. Palatnik A, Frolov K, Fux M, et al: Double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of inositol versus fluvoxamine for the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21:335-339
86. Bertone-Johnson ER: Vitamin D and the occurrence of depression: causal association or circumstantial evidence? Nutr Rev 2009; 67: 481-492
87. Cass WA, Smith MP, Peters LE: Calcitriol protects against the dopamine- and serotonin-depleting effects of neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1074:261-271
88. Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Shukla KK, et al: Vitamin C in disease prevention and cure: an overview. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 28: 314-328
89. Binfaré RW, Rosa AO, Lobato KR, et al: Ascorbic acid administration produces an antidepressant-like effect: evidence for the involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmission. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:530-540
90. Sarris J, Logan AC, Akbaraly TN, et al: International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research consensus position statement: nutritional medicine in modern psychiatry. World Psychiatry 2015; 14:370-371