메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue , 2016, Pages 9-26

Impact of Urban Cool Island measures on outdoor climate and pedestrian comfort: Simulations for a new district of Toulouse, France

Author keywords

ENVI met; Microclimate mitigation strategies; Outdoor thermal comfort; Physiological equivalent temperature; Urban Cool Islands

Indexed keywords


EID: 84971220437     PISSN: 22106707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2016.05.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (122)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0037210755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfort in urban spaces: Defining the boundaries of outdoor thermal comfort for the tropical urban environments
    • K.S. Ahmed Comfort in urban spaces: defining the boundaries of outdoor thermal comfort for the tropical urban environments Energy and Buildings 35 1 2003 103 110
    • (2003) Energy and Buildings , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-110
    • Ahmed, K.S.1
  • 2
    • 26444614659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and solar orientation on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate
    • F. Ali-Toudert, and H. Mayer Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and solar orientation on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate Building and Environment 41 2006 94 108
    • (2006) Building and Environment , vol.41 , pp. 94-108
    • Ali-Toudert, F.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 3
    • 34248157791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of asymmetry, galleries, overhanging facades and vegetation on thermal comfort in urban street canyons
    • F. Ali-Toudert, and H. Mayer Effects of asymmetry, galleries, overhanging facades and vegetation on thermal comfort in urban street canyons Solar Energy 81 2007 742 754
    • (2007) Solar Energy , vol.81 , pp. 742-754
    • Ali-Toudert, F.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 6
    • 32344433039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial- and whole-body thermal sensation and comfort, Part II: Non-uniform environmental conditions
    • E. Arens, H. Zhang, and C. Huizenga Partial- and whole-body thermal sensation and comfort, Part II: non-uniform environmental conditions Journal of Thermal Biology 31 2006 60 66
    • (2006) Journal of Thermal Biology , vol.31 , pp. 60-66
    • Arens, E.1    Zhang, H.2    Huizenga, C.3
  • 7
    • 0037267157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island
    • A. Arnfield Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island International Journal of Climatology 2003 2003 1 26
    • (2003) International Journal of Climatology , vol.2003 , pp. 1-26
    • Arnfield, A.1
  • 8
    • 84897993328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor thermal condition in urban heat island: Comparison of the artificial neural network and regression methods prediction
    • A. Ashtiani, P.A. Mirzaei, and F. Haghighat Indoor thermal condition in urban heat island: comparison of the artificial neural network and regression methods prediction Energy and Buidings 76 2014 597 604
    • (2014) Energy and Buidings , vol.76 , pp. 597-604
    • Ashtiani, A.1    Mirzaei, P.A.2    Haghighat, F.3
  • 10
    • 0042352582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building cluster and shading in urban canyon for hot dry climate Part 2: Shading simulations
    • F. Bourbia, and H.B. Awbi Building cluster and shading in urban canyon for hot dry climate Part 2: Shading simulations Renewable Energy 29 2 2004 291 301
    • (2004) Renewable Energy , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-301
    • Bourbia, F.1    Awbi, H.B.2
  • 11
    • 84900829539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of the urban climate-A preview on Envi-met 4.0
    • ICUC, Yokohama
    • M. Bruse Numerical modeling of the urban climate-A preview on Envi-met 4.0. 7th international conference on urban climate ICUC, Yokohama 2009
    • (2009) 7th International Conference on Urban Climate
    • Bruse, M.1
  • 12
    • 84870682617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical and thermal characterisation of cool asphalts to mitigate urban temperatures and building cooling demand
    • E. Carnielo, and M. Zinzi Optical and thermal characterisation of cool asphalts to mitigate urban temperatures and building cooling demand Building and Environment 60 2013 56 65
    • (2013) Building and Environment , vol.60 , pp. 56-65
    • Carnielo, E.1    Zinzi, M.2
  • 13
    • 84856432097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade
    • L. Chen, and E. Ng Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: a review of research in the past decade Cities 29 1 2012 118 125
    • (2012) Cities , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 118-125
    • Chen, L.1    Ng, E.2
  • 14
    • 67449123062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on mitigation measures for outdoor thermal environment on present urban blocks in Tokyo using coupled simulation
    • H. Chen, R. Ooka, H. Huang, and T. Tsuchiya Study on mitigation measures for outdoor thermal environment on present urban blocks in Tokyo using coupled simulation Building and Environment 44 11 2009 2290 2299
    • (2009) Building and Environment , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 2290-2299
    • Chen, H.1    Ooka, R.2    Huang, H.3    Tsuchiya, T.4
  • 15
    • 84920187086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of mean radiant temperature from field experiment and modelling: A case study in Freiburg, Germany
    • Y.-C. Chen, T.-P. Lin, and A. Matzarakis Comparison of mean radiant temperature from field experiment and modelling: a case study in Freiburg, Germany Theoretical and Applied Climatology 118 3 2014 535 551
    • (2014) Theoretical and Applied Climatology , vol.118 , Issue.3 , pp. 535-551
    • Chen, Y.-C.1    Lin, T.-P.2    Matzarakis, A.3
  • 16
    • 80052820591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing xeriscaping as a sustainable heat island mitigation approach for a desert city
    • W.T. Chow, and A.J. Brazel Assessing xeriscaping as a sustainable heat island mitigation approach for a desert city Building and Environment 47 2012 170 181
    • (2012) Building and Environment , vol.47 , pp. 170-181
    • Chow, W.T.1    Brazel, A.J.2
  • 17
    • 79951551113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observing and modeling the nocturnal park cool island of an arid city: Horizontal and vertical impacts
    • W.T. Chow, R.L. Pope, and C.A.B.A.J. Martin Observing and modeling the nocturnal park cool island of an arid city: horizontal and vertical impacts Theoretical and Applied Climatology 103 1-2 2011 197 211
    • (2011) Theoretical and Applied Climatology , vol.103 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 197-211
    • Chow, W.T.1    Pope, R.L.2    Martin, C.A.B.A.J.3
  • 19
    • 84971276204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution à l'analyse de la prise en compte du climat urbain dans les différents moyens d'intervention sur la ville
    • Université Paris-Est Paris
    • M. Colombert Contribution à l'analyse de la prise en compte du climat urbain dans les différents moyens d'intervention sur la ville Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia urbana) 2008 Université Paris-Est Paris
    • (2008) Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Urbana)
    • Colombert, M.1
  • 20
    • 0037210534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation in the urban environment: Microclimate analysis and benefits
    • A. Dimoudi, and M. Nikolopoulou Vegetation in the urban environment: microclimate analysis and benefits Energy and Buildings 35 2003 69 76
    • (2003) Energy and Buildings , vol.35 , pp. 69-76
    • Dimoudi, A.1    Nikolopoulou, M.2
  • 21
    • 0034690122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of climate knowledge in urban planning
    • I. Eliasson The use of climate knowledge in urban planning Landscape and Urban Planning 48 2000 31 44
    • (2000) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.48 , pp. 31-44
    • Eliasson, I.1
  • 22
    • 44349095912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban heat islands in humid and arid climates: Role of urban form and thermal properties in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Phoenix
    • R. Emmanuel, and H. Fernando Urban heat islands in humid and arid climates: role of urban form and thermal properties in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Phoenix Climate Research 34 2007 241 251
    • (2007) Climate Research , vol.34 , pp. 241-251
    • Emmanuel, R.1    Fernando, H.2
  • 23
    • 36549090499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban shading-A design option for the tropics? A study in Colombo, Sri Lanka
    • R. Emmanuel, H. Rosenlund, and E. Johansson Urban shading-A design option for the tropics? A study in Colombo, Sri Lanka International Journal of Climatology 27 14 2007 1995 2004
    • (2007) International Journal of Climatology , vol.27 , Issue.14 , pp. 1995-2004
    • Emmanuel, R.1    Rosenlund, H.2    Johansson, E.3
  • 25
    • 84918817458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heat waves
    • E.M. Fischer, and C. Schar Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heat waves Nature Geoscience 2010 1 6
    • (2010) Nature Geoscience , pp. 1-6
    • Fischer, E.M.1    Schar, C.2
  • 26
    • 0015248608 scopus 로고
    • An effective temperature scale based on a simple model of human physiological regulatory response
    • A. Gagge, J. Stolwijk, and Y. Nishi An effective temperature scale based on a simple model of human physiological regulatory response ASHRAE Transactions 77 1 1971 247 262
    • (1971) ASHRAE Transactions , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 247-262
    • Gagge, A.1    Stolwijk, J.2    Nishi, Y.3
  • 28
    • 79955640801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and health in cities: Impacts of heat and air pollution and potential co-benefits from mitigation and adaptation
    • S.L. Harlan, and D.M. Ruddell Climate change and health in cities: impacts of heat and air pollution and potential co-benefits from mitigation and adaptation Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3 3 2011 126 134
    • (2011) Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 126-134
    • Harlan, S.L.1    Ruddell, D.M.2
  • 29
    • 43949165530 scopus 로고
    • Impact of pedestrianisation and traffic calming on retailing: A review of the evidence from Germany
    • C. Hass-Klau Impact of pedestrianisation and traffic calming on retailing: a review of the evidence from Germany Transport Policy 1 1 1993 21 31
    • (1993) Transport Policy , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-31
    • Hass-Klau, C.1
  • 31
    • 84890338085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscale evaluation of the urban heat island in Phoenix, Arizona
    • Arizona State University
    • J. Hedquist Microscale evaluation of the urban heat island in Phoenix, Arizona Dissertation 2010 Arizona State University
    • (2010) Dissertation
    • Hedquist, J.1
  • 32
    • 84155191395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean radiant temperature in idealized urban canyons-examples from Freiburg, Germany
    • J. Herrmann, and A. Matzarakis Mean radiant temperature in idealized urban canyons-examples from Freiburg, Germany International Journal of Biometeorology 56 2012 199 203
    • (2012) International Journal of Biometeorology , vol.56 , pp. 199-203
    • Herrmann, J.1    Matzarakis, A.2
  • 34
    • 84555191286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of street design parameters on humanbiometeorological variables
    • J. Holst, and H. Mayer Impacts of street design parameters on humanbiometeorological variables Meteorologische Zeitschrift 20 5 2011 541 552
    • (2011) Meteorologische Zeitschrift , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 541-552
    • Holst, J.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 35
    • 0012222970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological equivalent temperature-A universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment
    • P. Hoppe The physiological equivalent temperature-A universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment International Journal of Biometeorology 43 1999 71 75
    • (1999) International Journal of Biometeorology , vol.43 , pp. 71-75
    • Hoppe, P.1
  • 36
    • 0036643022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal comfort
    • P. Hoppe Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal comfort Energy and Buildings 34 2002 661 665
    • (2002) Energy and Buildings , vol.34 , pp. 661-665
    • Hoppe, P.1
  • 37
    • 0012034293 scopus 로고
    • Moderate thermal environments- determination of the PMV and PPD indices and the specification of conditions for thermal comfort
    • ISO
    • ISO Moderate thermal environments- determination of the PMV and PPD indices and the specification of conditions for thermal comfort International standard 1994 7730
    • (1994) International Standard , pp. 7730
  • 38
    • 84930636236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effects of facade greening on human bioclimate in a complex urban environment
    • B. Jänicke, F. Meier, and M.-T. Hoelscher Evaluating the effects of facade greening on human bioclimate in a complex urban environment Advances in Meteorology 2015 2015
    • (2015) Advances in Meteorology , vol.2015
    • Jänicke, B.1    Meier, F.2    Hoelscher, M.-T.3
  • 41
    • 33750567767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of urban design on outdoor thermal comfort in the hot, humid city of Colombo, Sri Lanka
    • E. Johansson, and R. Emmanuel The influence of urban design on outdoor thermal comfort in the hot, humid city of Colombo, Sri Lanka International Journal of Biometeorology 51 2 2006 119 133
    • (2006) International Journal of Biometeorology , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-133
    • Johansson, E.1    Emmanuel, R.2
  • 42
    • 84962502050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of urban heat islands (UHI) of Noida City, India using multi-temporal satellite data
    • N. Kikon, P. Singh, S.K. Singh, and A. Vyas Assessment of urban heat islands (UHI) of Noida City, India using multi-temporal satellite data Sustainable Cities and Society 22 2016 19 28
    • (2016) Sustainable Cities and Society , vol.22 , pp. 19-28
    • Kikon, N.1    Singh, P.2    Singh, S.K.3    Vyas, A.4
  • 46
    • 78649447786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort and air quality from field measurements in Curitiba, Brazil
    • E.L. Kruger, F.O. Minella, and F. Rasia Impact of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort and air quality from field measurements in Curitiba, Brazil Buidling and Environment 46 2011 621 634
    • (2011) Buidling and Environment , vol.46 , pp. 621-634
    • Kruger, E.L.1    Minella, F.O.2    Rasia, F.3
  • 47
    • 84971276502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Street Morphology on Microclimate in Residential Areas Following FAR Rule in Dhaka City
    • PLEA Munich Munich
    • S.A.S. Kushol, K.S. Ahmed, M.M. Hossain, and I. Rahman Effect of Street Morphology on Microclimate in Residential Areas Following FAR Rule in Dhaka City Passive and low energy architecture 2013 PLEA Munich Munich
    • (2013) Passive and Low Energy Architecture
    • Kushol, S.A.S.1    Ahmed, K.S.2    Hossain, M.M.3    Rahman, I.4
  • 48
    • 67349130799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal perception, adaptation and attendance in a public square in hot and humid regions
    • T.P. Lin Thermal perception, adaptation and attendance in a public square in hot and humid regions Building and Environment 44 1 2009 2017 2026
    • (2009) Building and Environment , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 2017-2026
    • Lin, T.P.1
  • 49
    • 58049104035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health
    • J. Maas, S.M.E. Van Dillen, R.A. Verheij, and P.P. Groenewegen Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health Health and Place 15 2 2009 586 595
    • (2009) Health and Place , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 586-595
    • Maas, J.1    Van Dillen, S.M.E.2    Verheij, R.A.3    Groenewegen, P.P.4
  • 52
    • 0023500451 scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments
    • H. Mayer, and P. Hoppe Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments Theoretical and Applied Climatology 38 1987 43 49
    • (1987) Theoretical and Applied Climatology , vol.38 , pp. 43-49
    • Mayer, H.1    Hoppe, P.2
  • 56
    • 80052799115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: An experience from Hong Kong
    • E. Ng, L. Chen, Y. Wang, and C. Yuan A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: an experience from Hong Kong Building and Environment 47 2012 256 271
    • (2012) Building and Environment , vol.47 , pp. 256-271
    • Ng, E.1    Chen, L.2    Wang, Y.3    Yuan, C.4
  • 60
    • 35248818737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An initial asessment of the bioclimatic comfort in an outdoor public space in Lisbon
    • S. Oliveira, and H. Andrade An initial asessment of the bioclimatic comfort in an outdoor public space in Lisbon International Journal of Biometeorology 52 1 2007 69 84
    • (2007) International Journal of Biometeorology , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-84
    • Oliveira, S.1    Andrade, H.2
  • 61
    • 84890212940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and evaluation of the envi-met model for environmental design and planning: An experiment on Linear Parks
    • I.E.A. Ozkeresteci Use and evaluation of the envi-met model for environmental design and planning: an experiment on Linear Parks 21st international cartographic conference 2003
    • (2003) 21st International Cartographic Conference
    • Ozkeresteci, I.E.A.1
  • 65
    • 84928750798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How high albedo and traditional buildings' materials and vegetation affect the quality of urban microclimate. A case study
    • F. Salata, I. Golasi, A. de Lieto Vollaro, and R. de Lieto Vollaro How high albedo and traditional buildings' materials and vegetation affect the quality of urban microclimate. A case study Energy and Buildings 99 2015 32 49
    • (2015) Energy and Buildings , vol.99 , pp. 32-49
    • Salata, F.1    Golasi, I.2    De Lieto Vollaro, A.3    De Lieto Vollaro, R.4
  • 66
    • 84892464453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of various heat island mitigation measures
    • S. Saneinejad, P. Moonen, and J. Carmeliet Comparative assessment of various heat island mitigation measures Building and Environment 73 2014 162 170
    • (2014) Building and Environment , vol.73 , pp. 162-170
    • Saneinejad, S.1    Moonen, P.2    Carmeliet, J.3
  • 68
    • 79960921131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using advanced cool materials in the urban built environment to mitigate heat islands and improve thermal comfort conditions
    • M. Santamouris, A. Synnefa, and T. Karlessi Using advanced cool materials in the urban built environment to mitigate heat islands and improve thermal comfort conditions Solar Energy 85 12 2011 3085 3102
    • (2011) Solar Energy , vol.85 , Issue.12 , pp. 3085-3102
    • Santamouris, M.1    Synnefa, A.2    Karlessi, T.3
  • 69
    • 55249118566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing urban spaces and buildings to improve sustainability and quality of life in a warmer world
    • C. Smith, and G. Levermore Designing urban spaces and buildings to improve sustainability and quality of life in a warmer world Energy Policy 36 12 2008 4558 4562
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 4558-4562
    • Smith, C.1    Levermore, G.2
  • 71
    • 0037400604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A field study of thermal comfort and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia
    • J. Spagnolo, and R. de Dear A field study of thermal comfort and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia Building and Environment 38 7 2003 127 141
    • (2003) Building and Environment , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 127-141
    • Spagnolo, J.1    De Dear, R.2
  • 72
    • 77955096612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the influence of vegetation on microclimate and thermal comfort in the city of São Paulo
    • J. Spangenberg, P. Shinzato, E. Johansson, and D. Duarte Simulation of the influence of vegetation on microclimate and thermal comfort in the city of São Paulo Revista SBAU 3 2 2008 1 19
    • (2008) Revista SBAU , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-19
    • Spangenberg, J.1    Shinzato, P.2    Johansson, E.3    Duarte, D.4
  • 73
    • 0036899780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban residential environments and senior citizens' longevity in megacity areas: The importance of walkable green spaces
    • T. Takano, K. Nakamura, and M. Watanabe Urban residential environments and senior citizens' longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 56 2002 913 918
    • (2002) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.56 , pp. 913-918
    • Takano, T.1    Nakamura, K.2    Watanabe, M.3
  • 74
    • 84896858078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat in courtyards: A validated and calibrated parametric study of heat mitigation strategies for urban courtyards in the Netherlands
    • M. Taleghani, M. Tenpierik, A. van den Dobbelsteen, and D.J. Sailor Heat in courtyards: a validated and calibrated parametric study of heat mitigation strategies for urban courtyards in the Netherlands Solar Energy 103 2014 108 124
    • (2014) Solar Energy , vol.103 , pp. 108-124
    • Taleghani, M.1    Tenpierik, M.2    Van Den Dobbelsteen, A.3    Sailor, D.J.4
  • 76
    • 49649097630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Property values, parks, and crime: A hedonic analysis in Baltimore, MD
    • A. Troy, and J.M. Grove Property values, parks, and crime: a hedonic analysis in Baltimore, MD Landscape and Urban Planning 87 2008 233 245
    • (2008) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.87 , pp. 233-245
    • Troy, A.1    Grove, J.M.2
  • 81
    • 12844278811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city
    • N.H. Wong, and Y. Cheng Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city Habitat International 29 3 2005 547 558
    • (2005) Habitat International , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 547-558
    • Wong, N.H.1    Cheng, Y.2
  • 82
    • 84897907573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effects of landscape design parameters on intra-urban air temperature variability: The case of Beijing, China
    • H. Yan, S.H. Fan, C. Guo, F. Wu, N. Zhang, and L. Dong Assessing the effects of landscape design parameters on intra-urban air temperature variability: the case of Beijing, China Building and Environment 76 1 2014 44 53
    • (2014) Building and Environment , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-53
    • Yan, H.1    Fan, S.H.2    Guo, C.3    Wu, F.4    Zhang, N.5    Dong, L.6
  • 83
    • 79958791647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of land cover on air temperatures involved in the development of an intra-urban heat island
    • T. Yokobori, and S. Ohta Effect of land cover on air temperatures involved in the development of an intra-urban heat island Clim. Res. 39 1 2009 61 73
    • (2009) Clim. Res. , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-73
    • Yokobori, T.1    Ohta, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.