Heat in courtyards: A validated and calibrated parametric study of heat mitigation strategies for urban courtyards in the Netherlands

Solar Energy

Volumn 103, Issue , 2014, Pages 108-124

  Taleghani, Mohammad ^a   Tenpierik, Martin ^a   van den Dobbelsteen, Andy ^a   Sailor, David J ^b  

^a DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b Portland State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate change; Heat island mitigation strategies; Urban courtyard blocks; Urban microclimate

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; FACADES; SOLAR RADIATION; VEGETATION;

HEAT ISLAND; HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION STRATEGY; MITIGATION STRATEGY; NETHERLANDS; OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT; PARAMETRIC STUDY; URBAN COURTYARD BLOCK; URBAN MICROCLIMATE; URBAN SPACES; URBAN VEGETATION;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ALBEDO; CALIBRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; GEOMETRY; HEAT BALANCE; HEAT ISLAND; MICROCLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; URBAN AREA;

NETHERLANDS;

EID: 84896858078     PISSN: 0038092X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2014.01.033     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Akbari H., Konopacki S. Energy effects of heat-island reduction strategies in Toronto, Canada. Energy 2004, 29:191-210.
2. Akbari H., Matthews H.D. Global cooling updates: reflective roofs and pavements. Energy Build. 2012, 55:2-6.
3. H. Akbari, U.S.E.P.A.C.C. Division, L.B. Laboratory, U.S.D.o. Energy, Cooling our communities: a guidebook on tree planting and light-colored surfacing, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Analysis, Climate Change Division, 1992.
4. Baker M.C., Canada N.R.C.o. Roofs: Design, Application, and Maintenance 1980, Multiscience Publications.
5. Berkovic S., Yezioro A., Bitan A. Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate. Sol. Energy 2012, 86:1173-1186.
6. Bonan G.B. The microclimates of a suburban Colorado (USA) landscape and implications for planning and design. Landscape Urban Plan. 2000, 49:97-114.
7. Bretz, S., Akbari, H., Rosenfeld, A.H., Taha, H., 1992. Implementation of solar reflective surfaces: materials and utility programs. In: LBL Report 32467. University of California, Berkeley.
8. Bruse, M., 2013. ENVI-Met Website.
9. Bruse M., Fleer H. Simulating surface-plant-air interactions inside urban environments with a three dimensional numerical model. Environ. Model. Softw. 1998, 13:373-384.
10. Carter T., Keeler A. Life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of extensive vegetated roof systems. J. Environ. Manage. 2008, 87:350-363.
11. Castleton H.F., Stovin V., Beck S.B.M., Davison J.B. Green roofs; building energy savings and the potential for retrofit. Energy Build 2010, 42:1582-1591.
12. Chang C.R., Li M.H., Chang S.D. A preliminary study on the local cool-island intensity of Taipei city parks. Landscape Urban Plan. 2007, 80:386-395.
13. Change, I.P.o.C., 2007. Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge.
14. Coutts A.M., Tapper N.J., Beringer J., Loughnan M., Demuzere M. Watering our cities: the capacity for water sensitive urban design to support urban cooling and improve human thermal comfort in the Australian context. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2013, 37:2-28.
15. Dimoudi A., Nikolopoulou M. Vegetation in the urban environment: microclimatic analysis and benefits. Energy Build 2003, 35:69-76.
16. Doulos L., Santamouris M., Livada I. Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces. The role of materials. Sol. Energy 2004, 77:231-249.
17. FiBRE, 2007. Can greenery make commercial buildings more green? In: Findings in Built and Rural Environments. Cambridge University.
18. Gentle A.R., Aguilar J.L.C., Smith G.B. Optimized cool roofs: integrating albedo and thermal emittance with R-value. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2011, 95:3207-3215.
19. Givoni B. Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design 1998, Wiley.
20. Grimmond C.S.B., Roth M., Oke T.R., Au Y.C., Best M., Betts R., Carmichael G., Cleugh H., Dabberdt W., Emmanuel R., Freitas E., Fortuniak K., Hanna S., Klein P., Kalkstein L.S., Liu C.H., Nickson A., Pearlmutter D., Sailor D., Voogt J. Climate and more sustainable cities: climate information for improved planning and management of cities (producers/capabilities perspective). Procedia Environ. Sci. 2010, 1:247-274.
21. Herrmann J., Matzarakis A. Mean radiant temperature in idealised urban canyons-examples from Freiburg, Germany. Int. J. Biometeorol. 2012, 56:199-203.
22. Holmes M.J., Hacker J.N. Climate change, thermal comfort and energy: meeting the design challenges of the 21st century. Energy Build. 2007, 39:802-814.
23. Howard L. The Climate of London, Deduced from Meteorological Observations made in the Metropolis and Various Places Around It 1833, Harvey and Darton, London.
24. Hoyano A. Climatological uses of plants for solar control and the effects on the thermal environment of a building. Energy Build. 1988, 11:181-199.
25. Huttner, S., Bruse, M., Dostal, P., 2008. Using ENVI-met to simulate the impact of global warming on the microclimate in central European cities. In: Mayer, H., Matzarakis, A. (Eds.), 5th Japanese-German Meeting on Urban Climatology. Meteorologischen Instituts der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, pp. 307-312.
26. Hwang R.L., Lin T.P., Matzarakis A. Seasonal effects of urban street shading on long-term outdoor thermal comfort. Build. Environ. 2011, 46:863-870.
27. IPCC, 2007. Climate change, 2007. In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor Miller, M.H.L. (Eds.), The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of the Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge.
28. ISO7726, 1998. International Standard 7726. In: Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment - Instrument for Measuring Physical Quantities, ISO Geneva.
29. Jaffal I., Ouldboukhitine S.-E., Belarbi R. A comprehensive study of the impact of green roofs on building energy performance. Renew. Energy 2012, 43:157-164.
30. Karlsson J., Wadsö L., Öberg M. A conceptual model that simulates the influence of thermal inertia in building structures. Energy Build. 2013, 60:146-151.
31. Kikegawa Y., Genchi Y., Kondo H., Hanaki K. Impacts of city-block-scale countermeasures against urban heat-island phenomena upon a building's energy-consumption for air-conditioning. Appl. Energy 2006, 83:649-668.
32. KNMI, 2006. In: Climate Change Scenarios 2006 for The Netherlands. KNMI Publication: WR-2006-01.
33. KNMI, 2012. In: KNMI Klimaatscenarios. Transformatie tijdreeksen, KNMI, De Bilt.
34. Kolokotroni M., Ren X., Davies M., Mavrogianni A. London's urban heat island: impact on current and future energy consumption in office buildings. Energy Build. 2012, 47:302-311.
35. Kottek M., Grieser J., Beck C., Rudolf B., Rubel F. World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z. 2006, 15.
36. Lambert-Habib, M.L., Hidalgo, J., Fedele, C., Lemonsu, A., Bernard, C., 2013. How is Climatic Adaptation taken into Account by Legal Tools? Introduction of Water and Vegetation by French Town Planning Documents, Urban Climate.
37. Lau S.S.Y., Yang F. Introducing healing gardens into a compact university campus: design natural space to create healthy and sustainable campuses. Landscape Res. 2009, 34:55-81.
38. Lay, O.B., Tiong, L.G., Yu, C., 2000. A survey of the thermal effect of plants on the vertical sides of tall buildings in Singapore. In: PLEA 2000. Cambridge, UK, pp. 495-500.
39. Lin T.-P., Matzarakis A., Hwang R.-L. Shading effect on long-term outdoor thermal comfort. Build. Environ. 2010, 45:213-221.
40. Mahammadzadeh, M., 2009. Klimaschutz und Anpassung an die Klimafolgen: Strategien, Maßnahmen und Anwendungsbeispiele, IW-Medien.
41. Matzarakis A., Endler C. Climate change and thermal bioclimate in cities: impacts and options for adaptation in Freiburg, Germany. Int. J. Biometeorol. 2010, 54:479-483.
42. McPherson E.G., Rowntree A.R., Wagar J.A. Energy-efficient landscapes. Urban Forest Landscapes - Integrating Multidisciplinary Perspectives 1994, University of Washington Press, Seattle/London. G. Bradley (Ed.).
43. Moffat A., Schiller M. Landscape Design that Saves Energy 1981, William Morrow and Company, New York.
44. Montgomery D.A. Landscaping as a passive solar strategy. Passive Sol. J. 1987, 4:79-108.
45. Moody S.S., Sailor D.J. Development and application of a building energy performance metric for green roof systems. Energy Build. 2013, 60:262-269.
46. Nakayama T., Fujita T. Cooling effect of water-holding pavements made of new materials on water and heat budgets in urban areas. Landscape Urban Plan. 2010, 96:57-67.
47. NEN-5060, 2008. Hygrothermische Eigenschappen van Gebouwen Referentieklimaatgegevens, Nederlands Normalisatie-Instituut (NNI).
48. Nichol J. Remote sensing of urban heat islands by day and night. Photogramm. Eng. Rem. Sens. 2005, 71:613-621.
49. Oke T.R. The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1982, 108:1-24.
50. Oke T.R. Boundary Layer Climates 1987, Routledge, New York.
51. Oke T.R., Crowther J.M., McNaughton K.G., Monteith J.L., Gardiner B. The micrometeorology of the urban forest [and discussion]. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. B, Biol. Sci. 1989, 324:335-349.
52. Olgyay V. Design with Climate 1963, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
53. Pantavou K., Theoharatos G., Mavrakis A., Santamouris M. Evaluating thermal comfort conditions and health responses during an extremely hot summer in Athens. Build. Environ. 2011, 46:339-344.
54. Papadopoulos A.M. The influence of street canyons on the cooling loads of buildings and the performance of air conditioning systems. Energy Build 2001, 33:601-607.
55. Parker J.H. Use of Landscaping for Energy Conversion. Department of Physical Sciences 1981, Florida International University, Miami, FL.
56. Pereira L., Perrier A., Allen R., Alves I. Evapotranspiration: concepts and future trends. J. Irrigation Drain. Eng. 1999, 125:45-51.
57. Radhi H., Fikry F., Sharples S. Impacts of urbanisation on the thermal behaviour of new built up environments: a scoping study of the urban heat island in Bahrain. Landscape Urban Plan. 2013, 113:47-61.
58. Reynolds, J.S., Carrasco, V., 1996. Shade water and mass: passive cooling in Andalucia. In: National Passive Solar Conference. American Solar Energy Society, Boulder, CO.
59. Robitu M., Musy M., Inard C., Groleau D. Modeling the influence of vegetation and water pond on urban microclimate. Sol. Energy 2006, 80:435-447.
60. Rosenfeld A.H., Akbari H., Bretz S., Fishman B.L., Kurn D.M., Sailor D., Taha H. Mitigation of urban heat islands: materials, utility programs, updates. Energy Build 1995, 22:255-265.
61. Roth M., Oke T.R., Emery W.J. Satellite-derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban climatology. Int. J. Rem. Sens. 1989, 10:1699-1720.
62. Sailor D.J. A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and moisture emissions in the urban environment. Int. J. Climatol. 2011, 31:189-199.
63. Santamouris M. Environmental Design of Urban Buildings: An Integrated Approach 2012, Taylor & Francis.
64. Santamouris M. Cooling the cities - a review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments. Sol. Energy 2013.
65. Santamouris M. Environmental Design of Urban Buildings: An Integrated Approach 2013, Taylor & Francis.
66. Shashua-Bar L., Pearlmutter D., Erell E. The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate. Landscape Urban Plan. 2009, 92:179-186.
67. Spronken-Smith R.A., Oke T.R. Scale modelling of nocturnal cooling in urban parks. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol. 1999, 93:287-312.
68. Steemers K., Baker N., Crowther D., Dubiel J., Nikolopoulou M.H., Ratti C. City texture and microclimate. Urban Des. Stud. 1997, 3:25-50.
69. Taha, H., Sailor, D., Ritschard, R., Huang, B., 1992. Database on albedo, surface moisture, and roughness length for meteorological simulations of the South Coast Air Basin. In: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Report No. 33051.
70. Taha H., Douglas S., Haney J. Mesoscale meteorological and air quality impacts of increased urban albedo and vegetation. Energy Build. 1997, 25:169-177.
71. Taleb D., Abu-Hijleh B. Urban heat islands: potential effect of organic and structured urban configurations on temperature variations in Dubai, UAE. Renew. Energy 2013, 50:747-762.
72. Taleghani M., Tenpierik M., Kurvers S., van den Dobbelsteen A. A review into thermal comfort in buildings. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 26:201-215.
73. Taleghani M., Tenpierik M., van den Dobbelsteen A., de Dear R. Energy use impact of and thermal comfort in different urban block types in the Netherlands. Energy Build. 2013, 67:166-175.
74. Taleghani M., Sailor D.J., Tenpierik M., van den Dobbelsteen A. Thermal assessment of heat mitigation strategies: the case of Portland State University, Oregon, USA. Build. Environ. 2014, 73:138-150.
75. Taleghani M., Tenpierik M., van den Dobbelsteen A. Energy performance and thermal comfort of courtyard/atrium dwellings in the Netherlands in the light of climate change. Renew. Energy 2014, 63:486-497.
76. van Esch M.M.E., Looman R.H.J., de Bruin-Hordijk G.J. The effects of urban and building design parameters on solar access to the urban canyon and the potential for direct passive solar heating strategies. Energy Build. 2012, 47:189-200.
77. Wang B.-L., Takigawa T., Yamasaki Y., Sakano N., Wang D.-H., Ogino K. Symptom definitions for SBS (sick building syndrome) in residential dwellings. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2008, 211:114-120.
78. Wilcox S., Marion W. User's Manual for TMY3 Data Sets, NREL/TP-581-43156, Golden 2008, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado.
79. Wong N.H., Tay S.F., Wong R., Ong C.L., Sia A. Life cycle cost analysis of rooftop gardens in Singapore. Build. Environ. 2003, 38:499-509.
80. Wong N.H., Kardinal Jusuf S., Aung La Win A., Kyaw Thu H., Syatia Negara T., Xuchao W. Environmental study of the impact of greenery in an institutional campus in the tropics. Build. Environ. 2007, 42:2949-2970.
81. Yang F., Lau S.S.Y., Qian F. Thermal comfort effects of urban design strategies in high-rise urban environments in a sub-tropical climate. Archit. Sci. Rev. 2011, 54:285-304.
82. Yezioro A., Capeluto I.G., Shaviv E. Design guidelines for appropriate insolation of urban squares. Renew. Energy 2006, 31:1011-1023.