Climate change in cities due to global warming and urban effects

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 37, Issue 9, 2010, Pages

  McCarthy, Mark P ^a   Best, Martin J ^a   Betts, Richard A ^a  

^a MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EAST AFRICA; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; LAND SURFACE MODELS; MIDDLE EAST; POPULATION GROWTH; RADIATIVE FORCINGS; URBAN AREAS; URBAN DWELLERS; URBAN EFFECT; URBAN HEAT ISLAND;

GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GASES; HEAT FLUX;

CLIMATE MODELS;

CLIMATE MODELING; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GAS; HEAT ISLAND; LAND SURFACE; RURAL AREA; URBAN AREA; URBANIZATION;

EAST AFRICA; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 77952138067     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010GL042845     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Arnfield, A. J. (2003), Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island, Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1-26, doi:10.1002/joc.859. (Pubitemid 36196164)
2. Best, M. J. (2005), Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 114, 91-109, doi:10.1007/s10546-004-4834-5. (Pubitemid 39615592)
3. Best, M. J., C. S. B. Grimmond, and M. G. Villani (2006), Evaluation of the urban tile inMOSES using surface energy balance observations, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 118, 503-525, doi:10.1007/s10546-005-9025-5. (Pubitemid 44088695)
4. Christensen, J. H., et al. (2007), Regional climate projections, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon et al., pp. 847-940, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
5. Confalonieri, U., et al. (2007), Human health, in Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by M. L. Parry et al., pp. 391-431, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
6. Essery, R. L. H., M. J. Best, R. A. Betts, P. M. Cox, and C. M. Taylor (2003), Explicit representation of subgrid heterogeneity in a GCM land-surface scheme, J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 530-543, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2003)0040530: EROSHI2.0.CO;2.
7. Flanner, M. G. (2009), Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02801, doi:10.1029/2008GL036465.
8. Fujibe, F. (2009), Detection of urban warming in recent temperature trends in Japan, Int. J. Climatol., 29, 1811-1822, doi:10.1002/joc.1822.
9. Grimmond, S. (2007), Urbanization and global environmental change: Local effects of urban warming, Geogr. J., 173, 83-88, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2007. 232-3.x. (Pubitemid 46562824)
10. Grimmond, S., et al. (2010), The International Urban Energy Balance Models Comparison Project: First results from Phase 1, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., doi:10.1175/2010JAMC2354.1, in press.
11. Howard, L. (1833), The Climate of London: Deduced From Meteorological Observations Made in the Metropolis and Various Places Around It, Harvey and Darton, London.
12. Ichinose, T., K. Shimodozono, and K. Hanaki (1999), Impact of anthropogenic heat on urban climate in Tokyo, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3897-3909, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00132-6. (Pubitemid 29322669)
13. International Energy Agency (2008), World Energy Outlook 2008, Int. Energy Agency, Paris. Kanda, M. (2007), Progress in urban meteorology: A review, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 85B, 363-383, doi:10.2151/jmsj.85B.363.
14. Loveland, T. R., B. C. Reed, J. F. Brown, O. Ohlen, Z. Zhu, L. Yang, and J. W. Merchant (2000), Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21, 1303-1330, doi:10.1080/014311600210191. (Pubitemid 30242137)
15. Masson, V. (2006), Urban surface modelling and the meso-scale impact of cities, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 84, 35-45, doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0142-3 (Pubitemid 43348882)
16. Nakicenovic, N., and R. Swart (Eds.) (2000), Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 599 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
17. Oke, T. (1987), Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd ed., 435 pp., Methuen, London.
18. Oleson, K. W., G. B. Bonan, J. Feddema, M. Vertenstein, and C. S. B. Grimmond (2008), An urban parameterization for a global climate model. Part I: Formulation and evaluation for two cities, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 47, 1038-1060, doi:10.1175/2007JAMC1597.1.
19. Oleson, K. W., G. B. Bonan, and J. Feddema (2010), The effects of white roofs on urban temperature in a global climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L03701, doi:10.1029/2009GL042194.
20. Parker, D. E. (2010), Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change, Clim. Change, 1, 123-133, doi:10.1002/wcc.21.
21. Pigeon, G., D. Legain, P. Durand, and V. Masson (2007), Anthropogenic heat release in an old European agglomeration (Toulouse, France), Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1969-1981, doi:10.1002/joc.1530. (Pubitemid 350177170)
22. Pope, V. D., M. L. Gallani, P. R. Rowntree, and R. A. Stratton (2000), The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3, Clim. Dyn., 16, 123-146, doi:10.1007/s003820050009.
23. Sailor, D. J., and L. Lu (2004), A top-down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2737-2748, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.034. (Pubitemid 38507388)
24. Stone, B. (2007), Urban and rural temperature trends in proximity to large US cities: 1951-2000, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1801-1807, doi:10.1002/joc.1555. (Pubitemid 350120178)
25. Tebaldi, C., K. Hayhoe, J. M. Arblaster, and G. A. Meehl (2006), Going to the extremes: An intercomparison of model-simulated historical and future changes in extreme events, Clim. Change, 79, 185-211, doi:10.1007/s10584-006- 9051-4. (Pubitemid 44837142)
26. United Nations (2007), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision, Dep. of Econ. and Soc. Affairs, U. N., New York. (Available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007wup.htm)
27. van Vuuren, D. P., et al. (2007), Downscaling drivers of global environmental change: Enabling use of global SRES scenarios at the national and grid levels, Global Environ. Change, 17, 114-130.