메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 241-251

Urban heat islands in humid and arid climates: Role of urban form and thermal properties in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Phoenix, USA

Author keywords

Climate sensitive urban design; Desert climate; ENVI met; Tropical climate

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; THERMAL COMFORT; THERMAL GRADIENTS;

EID: 44349095912     PISSN: 0936577X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/cr00694     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (159)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 44349088166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ahmed KS (1994) A comparative analysis of the outdoor thermal environment of the urban vernacular and the contemporary development: case studies in Dhaka. In: Etzion Y, Erell E, Meir IA, Pearlmutter D (eds) Architecture of the extremes. Proc 11th Passive and Low-Energy Architecture (PLEA) Int Conf Dead Sea, 3-8 July 1994. The Desert Architecture Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel, p 341-348
    • Ahmed KS (1994) A comparative analysis of the outdoor thermal environment of the urban vernacular and the contemporary development: case studies in Dhaka. In: Etzion Y, Erell E, Meir IA, Pearlmutter D (eds) Architecture of the extremes. Proc 11th Passive and Low-Energy Architecture (PLEA) Int Conf Dead Sea, 3-8 July 1994. The Desert Architecture Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel, p 341-348
  • 2
    • 0037210755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfort in urban spaces: Defining the boundaries of outdoor thermal comfort for the tropical urban environments
    • Ahmed KS (2003) Comfort in urban spaces: defining the boundaries of outdoor thermal comfort for the tropical urban environments. Energy Build 35:103-110
    • (2003) Energy Build , vol.35 , pp. 103-110
    • Ahmed, K.S.1
  • 3
    • 0003255715 scopus 로고
    • Cool construction materials offer energy savings and help reduce smog
    • Nov
    • Akbari H (1995) Cool construction materials offer energy savings and help reduce smog. ASTM (Am Soc Test Mater) Standard News, Nov. 1995, p 32-37
    • (1995) ASTM (Am Soc Test Mater) Standard News , pp. 32-37
    • Akbari, H.1
  • 4
    • 26444614659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate
    • Ali-Toudert F, Mayer H (2006) Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate. Build Environ 41:94-108
    • (2006) Build Environ , vol.41 , pp. 94-108
    • Ali-Toudert, F.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 5
    • 20844457943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria
    • Ali-Toudert F, Djenane M, Bensalem R, Mayer H (2005) Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria. Clim Res 28:243-256
    • (2005) Clim Res , vol.28 , pp. 243-256
    • Ali-Toudert, F.1    Djenane, M.2    Bensalem, R.3    Mayer, H.4
  • 6
    • 0025590317 scopus 로고
    • Canyon geometry, the urban fabric and nocturnal cooling: A simulation approach
    • Arnfield AJ (1990) Canyon geometry, the urban fabric and nocturnal cooling: a simulation approach. Phys Geogr 11:220-239
    • (1990) Phys Geogr , vol.11 , pp. 220-239
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 7
    • 0037267157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island
    • Arnfield AJ (2003) Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. Int J Clim 23:1-26
    • (2003) Int J Clim , vol.23 , pp. 1-26
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 8
    • 27144535399 scopus 로고
    • ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA
    • ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) (1995). Addendum to Standard 55: thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA
    • (1995) Addendum to Standard 55: Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy
  • 11
    • 44349138790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bruse M (2004) ENVI-met 3.0: updated model overview. University of Bochum. Available at: www.envi-met.com
    • Bruse M (2004) ENVI-met 3.0: updated model overview. University of Bochum. Available at: www.envi-met.com
  • 14
    • 0033041353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of impact of urbanization on climate: An application of bio-climatic index
    • Deosthali V (1999) Assessment of impact of urbanization on climate: an application of bio-climatic index. Atmos Environ 33:4125-4133
    • (1999) Atmos Environ , vol.33 , pp. 4125-4133
    • Deosthali, V.1
  • 15
    • 0032287239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable urban development: Design guidelines for warm humid cities
    • de Schiller S, Evans JM (1998) Sustainable urban development: design guidelines for warm humid cities. Urban Design Int 3(4):165-184
    • (1998) Urban Design Int , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 165-184
    • de Schiller, S.1    Evans, J.M.2
  • 16
    • 23144433069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort implications of urbanization in a warm-humid city: The Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR), Sri Lanka
    • Emmanuel R (2005) Thermal comfort implications of urbanization in a warm-humid city: the Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR), Sri Lanka. Build Environ 40:1591-1601
    • (2005) Build Environ , vol.40 , pp. 1591-1601
    • Emmanuel, R.1
  • 17
    • 33646796347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of urban morphology and sea breeze on hot humid microclimate: The case of Colombo, Sri Lanka
    • Emmanuel R, Johansson E (2006) Influence of urban morphology and sea breeze on hot humid microclimate: the case of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Clirn Res 30:189-200
    • (2006) Clirn Res , vol.30 , pp. 189-200
    • Emmanuel, R.1    Johansson, E.2
  • 19
    • 0034930357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of mean radiant temperature and thermal comfort
    • Gan G (2001) Analysis of mean radiant temperature and thermal comfort. Build Serv Eng Res 22(2):95-101
    • (2001) Build Serv Eng Res , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-101
    • Gan, G.1
  • 20
    • 0030432766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of summer air masses in the eastern United States and an application to human mortality
    • Greene JS, Kalkstein LS (1996) Quantitative analysis of summer air masses in the eastern United States and an application to human mortality. Clim Res 7:43-53
    • (1996) Clim Res , vol.7 , pp. 43-53
    • Greene, J.S.1    Kalkstein, L.S.2
  • 22
    • 44349192661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-faceted approach to assessing human responses to extreme heat, poor air quality and public advisories
    • Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I eds, University of Göteborg, p
    • Hart M, Bontempo B, George L, Sailor D, Semenza J (2006) A multi-faceted approach to assessing human responses to extreme heat, poor air quality and public advisories. In: Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I (eds) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim (ICUC-6). University of Göteborg, p 108-111
    • (2006) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim (ICUC-6) , pp. 108-111
    • Hart, M.1    Bontempo, B.2    George, L.3    Sailor, D.4    Semenza, J.5
  • 23
    • 0012222970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological equivalent temperature: A universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment
    • Höppe P (1999) The physiological equivalent temperature: a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. Int J Biometeorol 43:71-75
    • (1999) Int J Biometeorol , vol.43 , pp. 71-75
    • Höppe, P.1
  • 24
    • 0036643022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal comfort
    • Höppe P (2002) Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal comfort. Energy Build 34:661-665
    • (2002) Energy Build , vol.34 , pp. 661-665
    • Höppe, P.1
  • 25
    • 44349180864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO (International Organization for Standards) 7730 (1994) Moderate thermal environments: determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort, 2nd edn. 1994-12-15, Ref no. ISO 7730:1994(E)
    • ISO (International Organization for Standards) 7730 (1994) Moderate thermal environments: determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort, 2nd edn. 1994-12-15, Ref no. ISO 7730:1994(E)
  • 26
    • 0019658613 scopus 로고
    • A model analyzing the urban thermal environment in physiologically significant terms
    • Jendritzky G, Nübler W (1981) A model analyzing the urban thermal environment in physiologically significant terms. Arch Meteorol Geophys Biochm Ser B 29:313-326
    • (1981) Arch Meteorol Geophys Biochm Ser , vol.B 29 , pp. 313-326
    • Jendritzky, G.1    Nübler, W.2
  • 27
    • 33747187218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate: A study in Fez, Morocco
    • Johansson E (2006) Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate: a study in Fez, Morocco. Build Environ 41:1326-1338
    • (2006) Build Environ , vol.41 , pp. 1326-1338
    • Johansson, E.1
  • 28
    • 33750567767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of urban design on the outdoor thermal comfort in the hot, humid city of Colombo, Sri Lanka
    • Johansson EJ, Emmanuel R, (2006) The influence of urban design on the outdoor thermal comfort in the hot, humid city of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Int J Biometeorol 51(2): 119-133
    • (2006) Int J Biometeorol , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-133
    • Johansson, E.J.1    Emmanuel, R.2
  • 29
    • 0024426308 scopus 로고
    • Weather and human mortality: An evaluation of demographic and interregional responses in the United States
    • Kalkstein LS, Davis RE (1989) Weather and human mortality: An evaluation of demographic and interregional responses in the United States. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 79:44-64
    • (1989) Ann Assoc Am Geogr , vol.79 , pp. 44-64
    • Kalkstein, L.S.1    Davis, R.E.2
  • 30
    • 0022835576 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of summer discomfort in the United States using a relative climatological index
    • Kalkstein LS, Valimont KM (1986) An evaluation of summer discomfort in the United States using a relative climatological index. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 67(7):842-848
    • (1986) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 842-848
    • Kalkstein, L.S.1    Valimont, K.M.2
  • 32
    • 33846849490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability
    • Kennedy D (2007) Sustainability. Science 315(5812):573
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , Issue.5812 , pp. 573
    • Kennedy, D.1
  • 33
    • 37049056966 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between air temperature and mean radiant temperature in thermal comfort
    • Koch W (1962) Relationship between air temperature and mean radiant temperature in thermal comfort. Nature 196:587
    • (1962) Nature , vol.196 , pp. 587
    • Koch, W.1
  • 34
    • 0041877386 scopus 로고
    • Summer and winter patterns of human thermal stress in Hong Kong
    • Kyle WJ, Chang CP eds, World Scientific, Hong Kong, p
    • Kyle WJ (1992) Summer and winter patterns of human thermal stress in Hong Kong. In: Kyle WJ, Chang CP (eds) Proc 2nd Int Conf E Asia W Pac Meteorol Clim. World Scientific, Hong Kong, p 575-583
    • (1992) Proc 2nd Int Conf E Asia W Pac Meteorol Clim , pp. 575-583
    • Kyle, W.J.1
  • 35
    • 4444280675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of mesoscale meteorological models, MM5 and HOTMAC, using PAFEX-1 data
    • Lee SM, Fernando HJS (2004) Evaluation of mesoscale meteorological models, MM5 and HOTMAC, using PAFEX-1 data. J Appl Meteorol 43:1133-1148
    • (2004) J Appl Meteorol , vol.43 , pp. 1133-1148
    • Lee, S.M.1    Fernando, H.J.S.2
  • 36
    • 0033210060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature
    • Matzarakis A, Mayer H, Iziomon MG (1999) Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature. Int J Biometeorol 43:76-84
    • (1999) Int J Biometeorol , vol.43 , pp. 76-84
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Mayer, H.2    Iziomon, M.G.3
  • 37
    • 0023500451 scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments
    • Mayer H, Höppe P (1987) Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theor Appl Climatol 38:43-49
    • (1987) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.38 , pp. 43-49
    • Mayer, H.1    Höppe, P.2
  • 38
    • 0037210644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces
    • Nikolopoulou M, Steemers K (2003) Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy Build 35(1):95-101
    • (2003) Energy Build , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-101
    • Nikolopoulou, M.1    Steemers, K.2
  • 40
    • 84987081464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oke TR (t982) The energetic basis of urban heat island. Q J R Meteorol Soc 108(455):1-24
    • Oke TR (t982) The energetic basis of urban heat island. Q J R Meteorol Soc 108(455):1-24
  • 42
    • 0024188824 scopus 로고
    • The urban energy balance
    • Oke TR (1988) The urban energy balance. Prog Phys Geogr 12:471-508
    • (1988) Prog Phys Geogr , vol.12 , pp. 471-508
    • Oke, T.R.1
  • 43
    • 0344060224 scopus 로고
    • Climate of cities
    • Baer F, Canfield NL, Mitchell JM eds, Landsberg. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p
    • Oke TR (1991) Climate of cities. In: Baer F, Canfield NL, Mitchell JM (eds) Climate from a human perspective: a tribute to Helmut E. Landsberg. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 61-75
    • (1991) Climate from a human perspective: A tribute to Helmut E , pp. 61-75
    • Oke, T.R.1
  • 44
    • 0032136438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cool communities': Strategies of urban heat island mitigation and smog reduction
    • Rosenfeld AHR, Akbari H, Romm JJ, Pomerantz H (1998) 'Cool communities': strategies of urban heat island mitigation and smog reduction. Energ Tech 28:51-62
    • (1998) Energ Tech , vol.28 , pp. 51-62
    • Rosenfeld, A.H.R.1    Akbari, H.2    Romm, J.J.3    Pomerantz, H.4
  • 45
    • 36549052046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UHI and buildings: Effect of urban heating on the energy use in commercial buildings in a warm humid city
    • Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I eds, University of Göteborg, p
    • Rosenlund H, Johansson E, Emmanuel R (2006) UHI and buildings: effect of urban heating on the energy use in commercial buildings in a warm humid city. In: Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I (eds) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim. (ICUC-6) University of Göteborg, p 528-531
    • (2006) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim. (ICUC-6) , pp. 528-531
    • Rosenlund, H.1    Johansson, E.2    Emmanuel, R.3
  • 46
    • 84864144423 scopus 로고
    • Urban warming in Tokyo metro area and counter-plan to improve future environment
    • Saitoh TS, Hoshi H (1993) Urban warming in Tokyo metro area and counter-plan to improve future environment. IEEE Transactions 9338-6:2. 887-2.892
    • (1993) IEEE Transactions 9338-6:2. 887-2.892
    • Saitoh, T.S.1    Hoshi, H.2
  • 47
    • 0037400604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney, Australia
    • Spagnolo J, de Dear R (2003) A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney, Australia. Build Env 38(5):721-738
    • (2003) Build Env , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 721-738
    • Spagnolo, J.1    de Dear, R.2
  • 48
    • 0025631910 scopus 로고
    • Microclimatic variations attributable to urban-canyon asymmetry and orientation
    • Todhunter PE (1990) Microclimatic variations attributable to urban-canyon asymmetry and orientation. Phys Geog 11(2):131-141
    • (1990) Phys Geog , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-141
    • Todhunter, P.E.1
  • 49
    • 44349125111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal and geometric controls on the rate of near-surface air temperature changes in a medium-size, mid-latitude city
    • Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I eds, University of Göteborg, p
    • Tomita T, Kusaka H, Akiyoshi R, Imasato Y (2006) Thermal and geometric controls on the rate of near-surface air temperature changes in a medium-size, mid-latitude city. In: Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I (eds) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim. (ICUC-6) University of Göteborg, p 338-341
    • (2006) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim. (ICUC-6) , pp. 338-341
    • Tomita, T.1    Kusaka, H.2    Akiyoshi, R.3    Imasato, Y.4
  • 50
    • 44349181446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple variable model for estimating the maximum UHI using 2 and 3 dimensional surface parameters
    • Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I eds, University of Göteborg, p
    • Unger J, Balazs B, Sumeghy Z, Gal T (2006) Multiple variable model for estimating the maximum UHI using 2 and 3 dimensional surface parameters. In: Lindqvist S, Grimmond CSB, Eliasson I (eds) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim. (ICUC-6) University of Göteborg, p 346-349
    • (2006) Proc 6th Int Conf Urban Clim. (ICUC-6) , pp. 346-349
    • Unger, J.1    Balazs, B.2    Sumeghy, Z.3    Gal, T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.