Heat stress and public health: A critical review

Annual Review of Public Health

Volumn 29, Issue , 2008, Pages 41-55

  Kovats, R Sari ^a   Hajat, Shakoor ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Early warning; Heat waves; Mortality

Indexed keywords

AGING; AIR CONDITIONING; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONFERENCE PAPER; ELDERLY CARE; HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEAT STRESS; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; THERMAL EXPOSURE;

AGE FACTORS; AIR CONDITIONING; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HEAT; HEAT STRESS DISORDERS; HOUSING; HUMANS; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; PUBLIC HEALTH; RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 41049114461     PISSN: 01637525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090843     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (101)

1. Abenheim L. 2005. Lessons from the heat wave epidemic in France (Summer 2003). See Ref. 45, pp. 161-66
2. Armstrong B. 2003. Fixed factors that modify the effects of time-varying factors: applying the case only approach. Epidemiology 14:467-72
3. Armstrong B. 2006. Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality. Epidemiology 17:624-31
4. Basu R, Dominici F, Samet JM. 2005. Temperature and mortality among the elderly in the United States: a comparison of epidemiological methods. Epidemiology 16:58-66
5. Belmin J, Auffray J-C, Berbezier C, Boirin P, Mercier S, et al. 2007. Level of dependency: a simple marker associated with mortality during the 2003 heatwave among French dependent elderly people living in the community or in institutions. Age Ageing 36:298-303
6. Borrell C, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Rodríguez-Sans M, Garcia-Olalla P, Caylà JA, et al. 2006. Socio-economic position and excess mortality during the heat wave of 2003 in Barcelona. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 21:633-40
7. Braga ALF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. 2001. The time course of weather-related deaths. Epidemiology 12:662-67
8. Braga ALF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. 2002. The effect of weather on respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 12 US cities. Environ. Health Perspect. 110:859-63
9. Burse RL. 1979. Sex differences in human thermoregulatory response to heat and cold stress. Hum. Factors 21:687-99
10. Cajoto VI, Peromingo JA, Vicdeo GV, Leira JS, Frojan S. 2005. Health impact of 2003 heat wave at Hospital de Riveira (A Corun̄a). An. Med. Int. 22:15-20
11. Canoui-Poitrine F, Cadot E, Spira A, Groupe Rég. Canicule. 2006. Excess deaths during the August 2003 heatwave in Paris, France. Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique 54:127-35
12. Carson C, Hajat S, Armstrong B, Wilkinson P. 2006. Declining vulnerability to temperature-related mortality in London over the twentieth century. Am. J. Epidemiol. 164:77-84
13. Cent. Dis. Control (CDC). 2006. Heat-related deaths - United States, 1999-2003. MMWR 55:769-98
14. Curriero FC, Heiner KS, Samet JM, Zeger SL, Strug L, Patz JA. 2002. Temperature and mortality in 11 cities of the Eastern United States. Am. J. Epidemiol. 155:80-87
15. Delarozière JC, Sanmarco JL. 2004. Excess mortality in people over 65 years old during summer heat waves in Marseille. Comparison before and after preventive campaign. Presse Med. 33:13-16
16. Dematte JE, O'Mara K, Buescher J, Whitney CG, Forsythe S, et al. 1998. Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago. Ann. Intern. Med. 129:173-81
17. Dixit SN, Bushara KO, Brooks BR. 1997. Epidemic heat stroke in a midwest community: risk factors, neurological complications and sequelae. Wis. Med. J. 96:39-41
18. Donaldson GC, Keatinge WR, Nayha S. 2003. Changes in summer temperature and heat-related mortality since 1971 in North Carolina, South Finland, and Southeast England. Environ. Res. 91:1-7
19. Ellis F. 1976. Heat wave deaths and drugs affecting temperature regulation. Br. Med. J. 2:474
20. Emerg. Manag. Aust. (EMA). 2002. EMA Disaster Events Data Tracking System (EMA-Track) http://www.ema.gov.au/
21. Empereur-Bissonnet P, Salines G, Bérat B, Caillère N, Josseran L. 2006. Heatwave in France, July 2006: 112 excess deaths so far attributed to the heat. Eurosurveillance 11:E060803.3
22. Farrington CP, Whitaker HJ. 2006. Semiparametric analysis of case series data. Appl. Stat. 55:553-94
23. Flynn A, McGreevy C, Mulkerrin EC. 2005. Why do older patients die in a heatwave? QJM 98:227-29
24. Fouillet A, Rey G, Laurent F, Pavillon G, Bellec S, et al. 2006. Excess mortality related to the August 2003 heatwave in France. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 80:16-24
25. Garcia AC, Nogueira PJ, Falcao JM. 1999. Onda de calor de Junho de 1981 em Portugal: efeitos na mortalidade. Rev. Port. Saude Pública 1:67-77
26. Gouveia N, Hajat S, Armstrong B. 2003. Socio-economic differentials in the temperature-mortality relationship in São Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Epidemiol. 32:390-97
27. Gremy I, Lefranc A, Pepin P. 2004. Consequences sanitaire de la canicule d'aout 2003 en Ile-de-France [Impact of the August 2003 heat wave: sanitary consequences in Ile-de-France]. Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique 52:93-98
28. Grundy E. 2006. Ageing and vulnerable elderly people: European perspectives. Ageing Soc. 26:105-34
29. Hajat S, Armstrong B, Baccini M, Biggeri A, Bisanti L, et al. 2006. Impact of high temperatures on mortality: Is there an added "heat wave" effect? Epidemiology 17:632-38
30. Hajat S, Armstrong B, Gouveia N, Wilkinson P. 2005. Mortality displacement of heat-related deaths: a comparison of Delhi, São Paulo and London. Epidemiology 16:613-20
31. Hajat S, Kovats RS, Lachowycz K. 2007. Heat-related and cold-related deaths in England and Wales: Who is at risk? Occup. Environ. Med. 64:93-100
32. Havenith G. 2005. Temperature, heat balance, and climatic stress. See Ref. 45, pp. 70-80
33. Hémon D, Jougla E. 2004. La canicule du mois d'aout 2003 en France. Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique 52:3-5
34. Holstein J, Canoui-Poitrine F, Neumann A, Lepage E, Spira A. 2005. Were less disabled patients the most affected by 2003 heatwave in nursing homes in Paris, France? J. Public Health 27:359-65
35. Intergov. Panel CKm. Change (IPCC). 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK/New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
36. Johnson H, Kovats RS, McGregor GR, Stedman JR, Gibbs M, et al. 2005. The impact of the 2003 heatwave on mortality and hospital admissions in England. Health Stat. Q. 2005:6-11
37. Kaiser R, Le Tertre A, Schwartz J, Gotway C, Daley R, Rubin CH. 2007. The effect of the 1995 heatwave in Chicago on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Am. J. Public Health 97:S158-62
38. Kosatsky T, Litvak E, Analitis A, Katsouyanni K, Menne B, Penteli X. 2007. The independent and synergistic short-term effects of temperature and air pollution on health: review of the evidence. In Preparedness and Response to Heat-Waves in Europe: From Evidence to Action, ed. B Menne, F Matthies. Copenhagen: World Health Org. In press
39. Katsouyanni K, Trichopoulos D, Zavitsanos X, Touloumi G. 1988. The 1987 Athens heatwave. Lancet 2:573
40. Katsouyanni K, Zmirou D, Spix C, Sunyer J, Schouten JP, et al. 1995. Short-term effects of air pollution on health: a European approach using epidemiological time-series data. The APHEA project: background, objectives, design. Eur. Respir. J. 8:1030-38
41. Keatinge WR, Donaldson GC, Cordioli E, Martinelli M, Kunst AE, et al. 2000. Heat-related mortality in warm and cold regions of Europe: an observational study. Br. Med. J. 321:670-73
42. Kilbourne EM. 1997. Heatwaves and hot environments. In The Public Health Consequences of Disasters, ed. E Noji, pp. 245-69. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
43. Kilbourne EM. 1992. Illness due to thermal extremes. In Public Health and Preventative Medicine, ed. JM Last, RB Wallace, pp. 491-501. Norwalk, CT Appleton Lang
44. Kilbourne EM, Choi K, Jones TS, Thacker SB. 1982. Risk factors for heatstroke. A case-control study. JAMA 247:3332-36
45. Kirch W, Menne B, Bertollini R, eds. 2005. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
46. Klinenberg E. 2002. Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
47. Koppe C, Jendritzky G, Kovats RS, Menne B. 2003. Heatwaves: Impacts and Responses. Copenhagen: WHO
48. Kosatsky T. 2005. The 2003 European heatwaves. Eurosurveillance 10:148-49
49. Kosatsky T, King N, Henry B. 2005. How Toronto and Montreal (Canada) respond to heat. See Ref. 45, pp. 167-71
50. Kovats RS, Ebi KL. 2006. Heatwaves and public health in Europe. Eur. J. Public Health 16:592-99
51. Kovats RS, Hajat S, Wilkinson P. 2004. Contrasting patterns of mortality and hospital admissions during heatwaves in London, UK. Occup. Environ. Med. 61:893-98
52. Kovats RS, Jendritzky G. 2005. Heat waves and human health. In Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, ed. B Menne, KL Ebi, pp. 63-98. Darmstadt: Steinkopff Verlag
53. Kunkel KE, Changnon SA, Reinke BC, Arritt RW. 1996. The July 1995 heatwave in the midwest: a climatic perspective of critical weather factors. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77:1507-18
54. Lecomte D, de Penanster D. 2004. People living in Paris, dead during the August 2003 heatwave and examined in Medicolegal Institute. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 188:459-69
55. Leonardi G, Hajat S, Kovats RS, Smith GE, Cooper D, Gerard E. 2006. Syndromic surveillance use to detect the early effects of heat-waves: an analysis of NHS Direct data in England. Prev. Med. 51:194-201
56. Le Tertre A, Lefranc A, Eilstein D, Declercq C, Medina S, et al. 2006. Impact of 2003 heat wave on all cause mortality in 9 French cities. Epidemiology 17:75-79
57. Levy D, Lumley T, Sheppard L, Kaufman J, Checkoway H. 2001. Referent selection in case-crossover analyses of acute health effects of air pollution. Epidemiology 12:186-92
58. Lumley T, Levy D. 2000. Bias in the case-crossover design: implications for studies of air pollution. Environmetrics 11:689-704
59. Luterbacher J, Dietrich D, Xoplaki E, Grosjean M, Wanner H. 2004. European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends and extremes since 1500. Microb. Ecol. 303:1499-503
60. MacFarlane A, Waller RE. 1976. Short-term increases in mortality during heatwaves. Nature 264:434-36
61. Martínez-Navarro F, Simón-Soria F, López-Abente G. 2004. Valoracion del impacto de la ola de calor del verano de 2003 sobre la mortalidad. Evaluation of the impact of the heatwave in the summer of 2003 on mortality. Gac-Sanit. 18:250-58
62. McMichael A, Wilkinson P, Kovats RS, Pattenden S, Hajat S, et al. 2007. International study of temperature, heat and urban mortality: the 'Isothurm' Project. Int. J. Epidemiol. Manuscript submitted
63. Michelon T, Magne P, Simon-Delaville F. 2005. Lessons of the 2003 heatwave in France and action taken to limit the effects of future heat waves. See Ref. 45, pp. 131-40
64. Michelozzi P, de Donato F, Bisanti L, Russo A, Cadum E, et al. 2005. The impact of the summer 2003 heatwaves on mortality in four Italian cities. Eurosurveillance 10:161-65
65. Michelozzi P, DeSario M, Accetta G, DeDonato F, Kirchmayer U, et al. 2006. Temperature and summer mortality: geographical and temporal variations in four Italian cities. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 60:417-23
66. Michelozzi P, Kirchmayer U, Katsouyanni K, Biggeri A, McGregor GR, et al. 2007. Assessment and prevention of acute health effects of weather conditions in Europe, the PHEWE project: background, objectives, design. Environ. Health. In press, doi:10.1186/1476-069X-6-12
67. Mirchandani HG, McDonald G, Hood IC, Fonseca C. 1996. Heat-related deaths in Philadelphia - 1993. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 17:106-8
68. Naughton MP, Henderson A, Mirabelli M, Kaiser R, Wilhelm JL, et al. 2002. Heat related mortality during a 1999 heatwave in Chicago. Am. J. Prev. Med. 22:221-27
69. O'Connor M, Cardinal M-E, Shaykewich J, Kosatsky T. 2007. Heat Health Warning Workshop Rep., Oct. 5-6, 2006, Montréal, Québec, Can. Agence de la sante et de services sociaux de Montréal
70. Oke TR. 1995. Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen
71. Oke TR. 1973. City size and the urban heat island. Atmos. Environ. 7:769-79
72. O'Neill M. 2003. Air conditioning and heat-related health effects. Appl. Environ. Sci. Public Health 1:9-12
73. O'Neill M, Hajat S, Zanobetti A, Ramirez AM, Schwartz J. 2005. Impact of control for air pollution and respiratory epidemics on the estimated associations of temperature and daily mortality. Int. J. Biometeorol. 50:121-29
74. Paixao E, Nogueira PJ. 2002. Estudio de onda de la calor deo Julho de 1991 em. Portugal: efeitos na mortalidade. Lisbon: Obs. Nac. Saudé (ONSA)
75. Palecki MA, Changnon SA, Kunkel KE. 2001. The nature and impacts of the July 1999 heatwave in the midwestern United States: learning from the lessons of 1995. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 82:1353-67
76. Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohou C, Pitsavos C. 2004. Climatological variations in daily hospital admissions for acute coronary syndromes. Int. J. Cardiol. 94:229-33
77. Parsons KC. 2003. Human Thermal Environments: The Effects of Hot, Moderate, and Cold Environments on Human Health, Comfort, and Performance. London: Taylor & Francis
78. Pascal L, Nicolau J, Ledrans M. 2005. Evaluation de l'Impact de la Vague de Chaleur de l'Été sur la Morbidité Hospitalière Infantile. Rapport d'étude. Paris: Inst. Veille Sanitaire
79. Quayle R, Doehring F. 1981. Heat stress: a comparison of indices. Weatherwise 34:120-24
80. Roaf S, Crichton D, Nicol F. 2005. Adapting Buildings and Cities to Climate Change. London: Archit. Press
81. Samet JM, Dominici F, Zeger SL, Schwartz J, Dockery DW. 2000. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part I: Methods and methodologic issues. Res. Rep. Health Eff. Inst. Rep. 94: 5-14
82. Schwartz J. 2005. Who is sensitive to extremes of temperature? A case-only analysis. Epidemiology 16:67-72
83. Schwartz J, Samet JM, Patz JA. 2004. The effects of temperature and humidity on hospital admissions for heart disease. Epidemiology 15:755-61
84. Semenza JC, McCullough JE, Flanders WD, McGeehin MA, Lumpkin JR. 1999. Excess hospital admissions during July 1995 heatwave in Chicago. Am. J. Prev. Med. 16:269-77
85. Semenza JC, Rubin CH, Falter KH, Selanikio JD, Flanders WD, et al. 1996. Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago. N. Engl. J. Med. 335:84-90
86. Sénat. 2004. La France et les Francais face a la canicule: les lecons d'une crise. Rapport d'information no. 195 (2003-2004) de Mme Letard, MM Flandre, S Lepeltier, fait au nom de la mission commune d'information du Senat, depose le 3 Fevrier 2004. Paris, Fr.
87. Sheridan S. 2003. Heat, mortality and level of urbanisation. Clim. Res. 24:255-65
88. Smoyer-Tomic KE, Rainham DGC. 2001. Beating the heat: development and evaluation of a Canadian Hot Weather Health Response plan. Environ. Health Perspect. 109:1241-47
89. Stafoggia M, Forastiere F, Agostini D, Biggeri A, Bisanti L, et al. 2006. Vulnerability to heat-related mortality: a multi-city population based case-crossover analysis. Epidemiology 17:315-23
90. Steadman RG. 1984. A universal scale of apparent temperature. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 23:1674-87
91. Stott PA, Stone DA, Allen MR. 2004. Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003. Nature 432:610-14
92. Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, Lumish RM, Smith EW, Howell JT, Bregman DJ, et al. 1979. Hyperpyrexia due to air-conditioning failure in a nursing home. Public Health Rep. 94:466-70
93. Thomas ND, Soliman H. 2002. Preventable tragedies - heat disaster and the elderly. J. Gerontol. Soc. Work 38:53-66
94. Vandentorren S, Bretin P, Zeghnoun A, Mandereau-Bruno L, Croisier A, et al. 2006. August 2003 heat wave in France: risk factors for death of elderly people living at home. Eur. J. Public Health 16:583-91
95. Vandentorren S, Suzan F, Medina S, Pascal M, Maulpoix A, et al. 2004. Mortality in 13 French cities during the August 2003 heat wave. Am. J. Public Health 94:1518-20
96. Vanhems P, Gambotti L, Fabry J. 2003. Excess rate of in-hospital death in Lyons, France, during the August 2003 heat wave. N. Engl J. Med. 348:2077-78
97. Wallace RF, Kriebel D, Punnett L, Wegmann DH, Amoroso PJ. 2007. Prior heat illness hospitalization and risk of early death. Environ. Res. 104:290-95
98. Watkins R, Palmer J, Kolkotroni M, Littlefair P. 2002. The London Heat Island - surface and air temperature measurements in a park and street gorges. ASHRAE Trans. 108:419-27
99. Welty LJ, Zeger S. 2005. Are the acute effects of particulate matter on mortality in the National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution Study the result of inadequate control for weather and season? A sensitivity analysis using flexible distributed lag models. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162:80-88
100. Whitman S, Good G, Donoghue ER, Benbow N, Shou W, Mou S. 1997. Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave. Am. J. Public Health 87:1515-18
101. Zeger S, Irizarry R, Peng RD. 2006. On time series analysis of public health and biomedical data. Annu. Rev. Public Health 27:57-79