Dynamics and Mechanisms of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Sublimation

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2016, Pages 1667-1674

  Fortin Deschênes, Matthieu ^a   Levesque, Pierre L ^b   Martel, Richard ^b   Moutanabbir, Oussama ^a  

^a ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONS; MONTE CARLO METHODS; PHOSPHORUS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY;

ATOMISTIC LEVELS; DEVICE PROCESSING; ESSENTIAL FEATURES; KINETIC MONTE CARLO; LOW ENERGY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; REAL TIME OBSERVATION; TEMPERATURE WINDOW; THERMALLY ACTIVATED PROCESS;

SUBLIMATION;

EID: 84968739563     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00584     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Liu, H.; Du, Y.; Deng, Y.; Ye, p. D. Semiconducting black phosphorus: synthesis, transport properties and electronic applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 2732-2743 10.1039/C4CS00257A
2. Liu, H.; Neal, A. T.; Zhu, Z.; Luo, Z.; Xu, X.; Tománek, D.; Ye, P. D. Phosphorene: An Unexplored 2D Semiconductor with a High Hole Mobility ACS Nano 2014, 8, 4033-4041 10.1021/nn501226z
3. Qiao, J.; Kong, X.; Hu, Z.-X.; Yang, F.; Ji, W. High-mobility transport anisotropy and linear dichroism in few-layer black phosphorus Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4475 10.1038/ncomms5475
4. Li, L.; Yu, Y.; Ye, G. J.; Ge, Q.; Ou, X.; Wu, H.; Feng, D.; Chen, X. H.; Zhang, Y. Black phosphorus field-effect transistors Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 372-377 10.1038/nnano.2014.35
5. Qin, G.; Yan, Q.-B.; Qin, Z.; Yue, S.-Y.; Hu, M.; Su, G. Anisotropic intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of phosphorene from first principles Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 4854-4858 10.1039/C4CP04858J
6. Wang, X.; Jones, A. M.; Seyler, K. L.; Tran, V.; Jia, Y.; Zhao, H.; Wang, H.; Yang, L.; Xu, X.; Xia, F. Highly anisotropic and robust excitons in monolayer black phosphorus Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 517-521 10.1038/nnano.2015.71
7. Butler, S. Z.; Hollen, S. M.; Cao, L.; Cui, Y.; Gupta, J. A.; Gutiérrez, H. R.; Heinz, T. F.; Hong, S. S.; Huang, J.; Ismach, A. F. et al. Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene ACS Nano 2013, 7, 2898-2926 10.1021/nn400280c
8. Favron, A.; Gaufrès, E.; Fossard, F.; Phaneuf-L'Heureux, A.-L.; Tang, N. Y.; Lévesque, P. L.; Loiseau, A.; Leonelli, R.; Francoeur, S.; Martel, R. Photooxidation and quantum confinement effects in exfoliated black phosphorus Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 826-832 10.1038/nmat4299
9. Kim, J.-S.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, W.; Kim, S.; Wu, D.; Tao, L.; Dodabalapur, A.; Lai, K.; Akinwande, D. Toward air-stable multilayer phosphorene thin-films and transistors Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 8989 10.1038/srep08989
10. Wood, J. D.; Wells, S. A.; Jariwala, D.; Chen, K.-S.; Cho, E.; Sangwan, V. K.; Liu, X.; Lauhon, L. J.; Marks, T. J.; Hersam, M. C. Effective passivation of exfoliated black phosphorus transistors against ambient degradation Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6964-6970 10.1021/nl5032293
11. Barreiro, A.; Börrnert, F.; Rümmeli, M. H.; Büchner, B.; Vandersypen, L. M. K. Graphene at High Bias: Cracking, Layer by Layer Sublimation, and Fusing Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1873-1878 10.1021/nl204236u
12. Huang, J. Y.; Qi, L.; Li, J. In situ imaging of layer-by-layer sublimation of suspended graphene Nano Res. 2010, 3, 43-50 10.1007/s12274-010-1006-4
13. Huang, J. Y.; Ding, F.; Yakobson, B. I.; Lu, P.; Qi, L.; Li, J. In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106, 10103-10108 10.1073/pnas.0905193106
14. Jia, X.; Hofmann, M.; Meunier, V.; Sumpter, B. G.; Campos-Delgado, J.; Romo-Herrera, J. M.; Son, H.; Hsieh, Y.-P.; Reina, A.; Kong, J. et al. Controlled formation of sharp zigzag and armchair edges in graphitic nanoribbons Science 2009, 323, 1701-1705 10.1126/science.1166862
15. Jacobs, R. B. Phosphorus at High Temperatures and Pressures J. Chem. Phys. 1937, 5, 945-953 10.1063/1.1749968
16. Bridgman, P. W. Two New Phenomena at Very High Pressure Phys. Rev. 1934, 45, 844-845 10.1103/PhysRev.45.844.2
17. Beck, R. P.; Meyer, G.; Smits, A. On Black Phosphorus. I Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings Series B Physical Sciences 1915, 18, 992-1007
18. Liu, X.; Wood, J. D.; Chen, K.-S.; Cho, E.; Hersam, M. C. In Situ Thermal Decomposition of Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 773-778 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00043
19. Ramasubramaniam, A.; Muniz, A. R. Ab initio studies of thermodynamic and electronic properties of phosphorene nanoribbons Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2014, 90, 085424 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.085424
20. Liang, L.; Wang, J.; Lin, W.; Sumpter, B. G.; Meunier, V.; Pan, M. Electronic Bandgap and Edge Reconstruction in Phosphorene Materials Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6400-6406 10.1021/nl502892t
21. Li, W.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, Y.-W. Electronic Properties of Edge-Hydrogenated Phosphorene Nanoribbons: A First-Principles Study J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 22368-22372 10.1021/jp506996a
22. Zhu, Z.; Li, C.; Yu, W.; Chang, D.; Sun, Q.; Jia, Y. Magnetism of zigzag edge phosphorene nanoribbons Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 113105 10.1063/1.4895924
23. Carvalho, A.; Rodin, A. S.; Neto, A. H. C. Phosphorene nanoribbons EPL 2014, 108, 47005 10.1209/0295-5075/108/47005
24. Xu, L.-C.; Song, X.-J.; Yang, Z.; Cao, L.; Liu, R.-P.; Li, X.-Y. Phosphorene nanoribbons: Passivation effect on bandgap and effective mass Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 324, 640-644 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.10.166
25. Guo, H.; Lu, N.; Dai, J.; Wu, X.; Zeng, X. C. Phosphorene Nanoribbons, Phosphorus Nanotubes, and van der Waals Multilayers J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 14051-14059 10.1021/jp505257g
26. Du, Y.; Liu, H.; Xu, B.; Sheng, L.; Yin, J.; Duan, C.-G.; Wan, X. Unexpected Magnetic Semiconductor Behavior in Zigzag Phosphorene Nanoribbons Driven by Half-Filled One Dimensional Band Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 8921 10.1038/srep08921
27. Kittel, C. Introduction to solid state physics, 8 th ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2004; Ch. 3, pp 49-88.
28. Kaptay, G. The Gibbs equation versus the Kelvin and the Gibbs-Thomson equations to describe nucleation and equilibrium of nano-materials J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2012, 12, 2625-2633 10.1166/jnn.2012.5774
29. Buffat, P.; Borel, J. P. Size effect on the melting temperature of gold particles Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 1976, 13, 2287 10.1103/PhysRevA.13.2287
30. Shulenburger, L.; Baczewski, A. D.; Zhu, Z.; Guan, J.; Tománek, D. The Nature of the Interlayer Interaction in Bulk and Few-Layer Phosphorus Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 8170-8175 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03615
31. Giannozzi, P.; Baroni, S.; Bonini, N.; Calandra, M.; Car, R.; Cavazzoni, C.; Ceresoli, D.; Chiarotti, G. L.; Cococcioni, M.; Dabo, I. et al. QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2009, 21 (39) 395502 10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502
32. Blöchl, P. E. Projector augmented-wave method Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1994, 50, 17953-17979 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953
33. Perdew, J. P.; Burke, K.; Ernzerhof, M. Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 3865-3868 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865
34. Monkhorst, H. J.; Pack, J. D. Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations Phys. Rev. B 1976, 13, 5188-5192 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188
35. Zhu, Z.; Tománek, D. Semiconducting Layered Blue Phosphorus: A Computational Study Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 112, 176802 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.176802