A core eating network and its modulations underlie diverse eating phenomena

Brain and Cognition

Volumn 110, Issue , 2016, Pages 20-42

  Chen, Jing ^a   Papies, Esther K ^b   Barsalou, Lawrence W ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Core eating network; Food cues; Grounded cognition; Neuroimaging

Indexed keywords

ANOREXIA NERVOSA; ARTICLE; BINGE EATING DISORDER; BODY MASS; BULIMIA; COGNITION; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CORE EATING NETWORK; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HUNGER; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE FUNCTION; NEUROMODULATION; OBESITY; PALATABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REWARD; WEIGHT REDUCTION; ANIMAL; EATING DISORDER; FOOD; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD; HUMANS; NERVE NET; REWARD;

EID: 84964721800     PISSN: 02782626     EISSN: 10902147     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. Barros-Loscertales, A., Gonzalez, J., Pulvermuller, F., Ventura-Campos, N., Bustamante, J.C., Costumero, V.,.. Avila, C., Reading salt activates gustatory brain regions: fMRI evidence for semantic grounding in a novel sensory modality. Cerebral Cortex 22 (2012), 2554–2563.
2. Barsalou, L.W., Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1999), 577–660.
3. Barsalou, L.W., Situated simulation in the human conceptual system. Language and Cognitive Processes 18 (2003), 513–562.
4. Barsalou, L.W., Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 59 (2008), 617–645.
5. Barsalou, L.W., Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (2009), 1281–1289.
6. Barsalou, L.W., Grounded cognition: Past, present, and future. Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (2010), 716–724.
7. Barsalou, L.W., Situated conceptualization: Theory and application. Coello, Y., Fischer, M.H., (eds.) Foundations of embodied cognition, Volume 1: Perceptual and emotional embodiment, 2016, Psychology Press, East Sussex, 11–37.
8. Batterink, L., Yokum, S., Stice, E., Body mass correlates inversely with inhibitory control in response to food among adolescent girls: An fMRI study. NeuroImage 52 (2010), 1696–1703.
9. Beaver, J.D., Lawrence, A.D., van Ditzhuijzen, J., Davis, M.H., Woods, A., Calder, A.J., Individual differences in reward drive predict neural responses to images of food. Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006), 5160–5166.
10. Blechert, J., Feige, B., Joos, A., Zeeck, A., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Electrocortical processing of food and emotional pictures in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychosomatic Medicine 73 (2011), 415–421.
11. Boehm, I., Geisler, D., King, J.A., Ritschel, F., Seidel, M., Deza Araujo, Y.,.. Ehrlich, S., Increased resting state functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal and default mode network in anorexia nervosa. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 2014, 346.
12. Botvinick, M.M., Cohen, J.D., Carter, C.S., Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: An update. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (2004), 539–546.
13. Bragulat, V., Dzemidzic, M., Bruno, C., Cox, C.A., Talavage, T., Considine, R.V., Kareken, D.A., Food-related odor probes of brain reward circuits during hunger: A pilot fMRI study. Obesity 18 (2010), 1566–1571.
14. Brooks, S.J., Cedernaes, J., Schiöth, H.B., Increased prefrontal and parahippocampal activation with reduced dorsolateral prefrontal and insular cortex activation to food images in obesity: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. PLoS ONE, 8, 2013, e60393.
15. Brooks, S.J., O'Daly, O., Uher, R., Friederich, H.C., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M.,.. Campbell, I.C., Thinking about eating food activates visual cortex with reduced bilateral cerebellar activation in females with anorexia nervosa: An fMRI study. PLoS ONE, 7, 2012, e34000.
16. Brooks, S.J., O′Daly, O.G., Uher, R., Friederich, H.C., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M.,.. Campbell, I.C., Differential neural responses to food images in women with bulimia versus anorexia nervosa. PLoS ONE, 6, 2011, e22259.
17. Brooks, S., Prince, A., Stahl, D., Campbell, I.C., Treasure, J., A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive bias to food stimuli in people with disordered eating behaviour. Clinical Psychology Review 31 (2011), 37–51.
18. Bruce, A.S., Holsen, L.M., Chambers, R.J., Martin, L.E., Brooks, W.M., Zarcone, J.R.,.. Savage, C.R., Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control. International Journal of Obesity 34 (2010), 1494–1500.
19. Burger, K.S., Stice, E., Relation of dietary restraint scores to activation of reward-related brain regions in response to food intake, anticipated intake, and food pictures. NeuroImage 55 (2011), 233–239.
20. Coletta, M., Platek, S., Mohamed, F.B., van Steenburgh, J.J., Green, D., Lowe, M.R., Brain activation in restrained and unrestrained eaters: An fMRI study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 118 (2009), 598–609.
21. Cornier, M.A., Salzberg, A.K., Endly, D.C., Bessesen, D.H., Rojas, D.C., Tregellas, J.R., The effects of overfeeding on the neuronal response to visual food cues in thin and reduced-obese Individuals. PLoS ONE, 4, 2009, e6310.
22. Cornier, M.A., Von Kaenel, S.S., Bessesen, D.H., Tregellas, J.R., Effects of overfeeding on the neuronal response to visual food cues. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86 (2007), 965–971.
23. Culham, J.C., Kanwisher, N.G., Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11 (2001), 157–163.
24. Davids, S., Lauffer, H., Thoms, K., Jagdhuhn, M., Hirschfeld, H., Domin, M.,.. Lotze, M., Increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in obese children during observation of food stimuli. International Journal of Obesity 34 (2010), 94–104.
25. Dimitropoulos, A., Tkach, J., Ho, A., Kennedy, J., Greater corticolimbic activation to high-calorie food cues after eating in obese vs. normal-weight adults. Appetite 58 (2012), 303–312.
26. Eiler, W.J.A., Dzemidzic, M., Case, K.R., Considine, R.V., Kareken, D.A., Correlation between ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation to food aromas and cue-driven eating: An fMRI study. Chemosensory Perception 5 (2012), 27–36.
27. Ely, A.V., Childress, A.R., Jagannathan, K., Lowe, M.R., Differential reward response to palatable food cues in past and current dieters: A fMRI study. Obesity 22 (2014), E38–E45.
28. Frank, G.K., Kaye, W.H., Carter, C.S., Brooks, S., May, C., Fissell, K., Stenger, V.A., The evaluation of brain activity in response to taste stimuli—A pilot study and method for central taste activation as assessed by event-related fMRI. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 131 (2003), 99–105.
29. Führer, D., Zysset, S., Stumvoll, M., Brain activity in hunger and satiety: An exploratory visually stimulated fMRI study. Obesity 16 (2008), 945–950.
30. García-García, I., Horstmann, A., Jurado, M.A., Garolera, M., Chaudhry, S.J., Margulies, D.S.,.. Neumann, J., Reward processing in obesity, substance addiction and non-substance addiction: Obesity, addictions and reward. Obesity Reviews 15 (2014), 853–869.
31. García-García, I., Jurado, M.Á., Garolera, M., Segura, B., Sala-Llonch, R., Marqués-Iturria, I.,.. Junqué, C., Alterations of the salience network in obesity: A resting-state fMRI study: Salience network and obesity. Human Brain Mapping 34 (2013), 2786–2797.
32. García-García, I., Narberhaus, A., Marqués-Iturria, I., Garolera, M., Rădoi, A., Segura, B.,.. Jurado, M.A., Neural responses to visual food cues: Insights from functional magnetic resonance imaging. European Eating Disorders Review 21 (2013), 89–98.
33. Gearhardt, A.N., Yokum, S., Orr, P.T., Stice, E., Corbin, W.R., Brownell, K.D., Neural correlates of food addiction. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 2011, 808.
34. Giel, K.E., Friederich, H.-C., Teufel, M., Hautzinger, M., Enck, P., Zipfel, S., Attentional processing of food pictures in individuals with anorexia nervosa—An eye-tracking study. Biological Psychiatry 69 (2011), 661–667.
35. Giuliani, N.R., Mann, T., Tomiyama, A.J., Berkman, E.T., Neural systems underlying the reappraisal of personally craved foods. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26 (2014), 1390–1402.
36. Goldstone, A.P., Prechtl de Hernandez, C.G., Beaver, J.D., Muhammed, K., Croese, C., Bell, G.,.. Bell, J.D., Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods. European Journal of Neuroscience 30 (2009), 1625–1635.
37. Grosshans, M., Vollmert, C., Vollstädt-Klein, S., Tost, H., Leber, S., Bach, P.,.. Kiefer, F., Association of leptin with food cue-induced activation in human reward pathways. Archives of General Psychiatry 69 (2012), 529–537.
38. Hare, T.A., Malmaud, J., Rangel, A., Focusing attention on the health aspects of foods changes value signals in vmPFC and improves dietary choice. Journal of Neuroscience 31 (2011), 11077–11087.
39. Hege, M.A., Stingl, K.T., Preissl, H., Food meets brain. Magnoencephalography, 2014, 901–920.
40. Holsen, L.M., Zarcone, J.R., Brooks, W.M., Butler, M.G., Thompson, T.I., Ahluwalia, J.S.,.. Savage, C.R., Neural mechanisms underlying hyperphagia in Prader–Willi syndrome. Obesity 14 (2006), 1028–1037.
41. Holsen, L.M., Zarcone, J.R., Thompson, T.I., Brooks, W.M., Anderson, M.F., Ahluwalia, J.S.,.. Savage, C.R., Neural mechanisms underlying food motivation in children and adolescents. NeuroImage 27 (2005), 669–676.
42. Hollmann, M., Hellrung, L., Pleger, B., Schlögl, H., Kabisch, S., Stumvoll, M.,.. Horstmann, A., Neural correlates of the volitional regulation of the desire for food. International Journal of Obesity 36 (2012), 648–655.
43. Hoogeveen, H.R., Dalenberg, J.R., Renken, R.J., ter Horst, G.J., Lorist, M.M., Neural processing of basic tastes in healthy young and older adults—An fMRI study. NeuroImage 119 (2015), 1–12.
44. Jakobsdottir, S., de Ruiter, M., Deijen, J.B., Veltman, D.J., Drent, M.L., Brain activation by visual food-related stimuli and correlations with metabolic and hormonal parameters: A fMRI study. The Open Neuroendocrinology Journal 5 (2012), 5–12.
45. Kaye, W.H., Fudge, J.L., Paulus, M., New insights into symptoms and neurocircuit function of anorexia nervosa. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10 (2009), 573–584.
46. Kaye, W.H., Wagner, A., Frank, G., Bailer, U.F., Wonderlich, S., Mitchell, J.E.,.. Steiger, H., Review of brain imaging in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Annual Review of Eating Disorders: Part 2 (2006), 113–129.
47. Kaye, W.H., Wagner, A., Fudge, J.L., Paulus, M., Neurocircuity of eating disorders. Adan, R.A.H., Kaye, W.H., (eds.) Behavioral neurobiology of eating disorders, Vol. 6, 2010, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 37–57.
48. Kaye, W.H., Wierenga, C.E., Bailer, U.F., Simmons, A.N., Bischoff-Grethe, A., Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels: The neurobiology of anorexia nervosa. Trends in Neurosciences 36 (2013), 110–120.
49. Killgore, W.D.S., Weber, M., Schwab, Z.J., Kipman, M., DelDonno, S.R., Webb, C.A., Rauch, S.L., Cortico-limbic responsiveness to high-calorie food images predicts weight status among women. International Journal of Obesity 37 (2013), 1435–1442.
50. Killgore, W.D., Young, A.D., Femia, L.A., Bogorodzki, P., Rogowska, J., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., Cortical and limbic activation during viewing of high- versus low-calorie foods. NeuroImage 19 (2003), 1381–1394.
51. Killgore, W.D.S., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., Developmental changes in the functional brain responses of adolescents to images of high and low-calorie foods. Developmental Psychobiology 47 (2005), 377–397.
52. Kringelbach, M.L., Food for thought: Hedonic experience beyond homeostasis in the human brain. Neuroscience 126 (2004), 807–819.
53. Kringelbach, M.L., O'Doherty, J., Rolls, E.T., Andrews, C., Activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex to a liquid food stimulus is correlated with its subjective pleasantness. Cerebral Cortex 13 (2003), 1064–1071.
54. Kringelbach, M.L., Stein, A., van Hartevelt, T.J., The functional human neuroanatomy of food pleasure cycles. Physiology & Behavior 106 (2012), 307–316.
55. Kroemer, N.B., Krebs, L., Kobiella, A., Grimm, O., Pilhatsch, M., Bidlingmaier, M.,.. Smolka, M.N., Fasting levels of ghrelin covary with the brain response to food pictures. Addiction Biology 18 (2013), 855–862.
56. LaBar, K.S., Gitelman, D.R., Parrish, T.B., Kim, Y.-H., Nobre, A.C., Mesulam, M.M., Hunger selectively modulates corticolimbic activation to food stimuli in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience 115 (2001), 493–500.
57. Lebois, L.A.M., Wilson-Mendenhall, C.D., Barsalou, L.W., Are automatic conceptual cores the gold standard of semantic processing? The context-dependence of spatial meaning in grounded congruency effects. Cognitive Science 39 (2015), 1764–1801.
58. Lindquist, K.A., Wager, T.D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., Barrett, L.F., The brain basis of emotion: A meta-analytic review. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (2012), 121–143.
59. Malik, S., McGlone, F., Bedrossian, D., Dagher, A., Ghrelin modulates brain activity in areas that control appetitive behavior. Cell Metabolism 7 (2008), 400–409.
60. Marteau, T.M., Hollands, G.J., Fletcher, P.C., Changing human behavior to prevent disease: The importance of targeting automatic processes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 337 (2012), 1492–1495.
61. Martin, A., The representation of object concepts in the brain. Annual Review of Psychology 58 (2007), 25–45.
62. Martin, L.E., Holsen, L.M., Chambers, R.J., Bruce, A.S., Brooks, W.M., Zarcone, J.R.,.. Savage, C.R., Neural mechanisms associated with food motivation in obese and healthy weight adults. Obesity 18 (2010), 254–260.
63. McFadden, K., Tregellas, J., Shott, M., Frank, G., Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 39 (2014), 178–188.
64. Miller, E.K., The prefrontal cortex and cognitive control. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1 (2000), 59–65.
65. Miller, J.L., James, G.A., Goldstone, A.P., Couch, J.A., He, G., Driscoll, D.J., Liu, Y., Enhanced activation of reward mediating prefrontal regions in response to food stimuli in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 78 (2007), 615–619.
66. Mohanty, A., Gitelman, D.R., Small, D.M., Mesulam, M.M., The spatial attention network interacts with limbic and monoaminergic systems to modulate motivation-induced attention shifts. Cerebral Cortex 18 (2008), 2604–2613.
67. Murdaugh, D.L., Cox, J.E., Cook, E.W., Weller, R.E., FMRI reactivity to high-calorie food pictures predicts short- and long-term outcome in a weight-loss program. NeuroImage 59 (2012), 2709–2721.
68. Murray, E.A., O'Doherty, J.P., Schoenbaum, G., What we know and do not know about the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex after 20 years of cross-species studies. Journal of Neuroscience 27 (2007), 8166–8169.
69. O'Doherty, J., Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304 (2004), 452–454.
70. O'Hara, C.B., Campbell, I.C., Schmidt, U., A reward-centred model of anorexia nervosa: A focussed narrative review of the neurological and psychophysiological literature. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 52 (2015), 131–152.
71. Papies, E.K., Tempting food words activate eating simulations. Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013), 1–12.
72. Papies, E.K., Barsalou, L.W., Grounding desire and motivated behavior: A theoretical framework and review of empirical evidence. Hofmann, W., Nordgren, L.F., (eds.) The psychology of desire, 2015, Guilford Press, New York, 36–60.
73. Papies, E.K., Hamstra, P., Goal priming and eating behavior: Enhancing self-regulation by environmental cues. Health Psychology 29 (2010), 384–388.
74. Papies, E.K., Potjes, I., Keesman, M., Schwinghammer, S., van Koningsbruggen, G.M., Using health primes to reduce unhealthy snack purchases among overweight consumers in a grocery store. International Journal of Obesity 38 (2014), 597–602.
75. Papies, E.K., Pronk, T.M., Keesman, M., Barsalou, L.W., The benefits of simply observing: Mindful attention modulates the link between motivation and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108 (2015), 148–170.
76. Papies, E.K., Veling, H., Healthy dining. Subtle diet reminders at the point of purchase increase low-calorie food choices among both chronic and current dieters. Appetite 61 (2013), 1–7.
77. Passamonti, L., Rowe, J.B., Schwarzbauer, C., Ewbank, M.P., von dem Hagen, E., Calder, A.J., Personality predicts the brain's response to viewing appetizing foods: The neural basis of a risk factor for overeating. Journal of Neuroscience 29 (2009), 43–51.
78. Pelchat, M.L., Johnson, A., Chan, R., Valdez, J., Ragland, J.D., Images of desire: Food-craving activation during fMRI. NeuroImage 23 (2004), 1486–1493.
79. Pietrini, F., Castellini, G., Ricca, V., Polito, C., Pupi, A., Faravelli, C., Functional neuroimaging in anorexia nervosa: A clinical approach. European Psychiatry 26 (2011), 176–182.
80. Rothemund, Y., Preuschhof, C., Bohner, G., Bauknecht, H.-C., Klingebiel, R., Flor, H., Klapp, B.F., Differential activation of the dorsal striatum by high-calorie visual food stimuli in obese individuals. NeuroImage 37 (2007), 410–421.
81. Rudebeck, P.H., Murray, E.A., The orbitofrontal oracle: Cortical mechanisms for the prediction and evaluation of specific behavioral outcomes. Neuron 84 (2014), 1143–1156.
82. Sanders, N., Smeets, P.A.M., van Elburg, A.A., Danner, U.N., van Meer, F., Hoek, H.W., Adan, R.A.H., Altered food-cue processing in chronically ill and recovered women with anorexia nervosa. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 2015, 46.
83. Santel, S., Baving, L., Krauel, K., Münte, T.F., Rotte, M., Hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa: fMRI during cognitive processing of food pictures. Brain Research 1114 (2006), 138–148.
84. Scharmüller, W., Übel, S., Ebner, F., Schienle, A., Appetite regulation during food cue exposure: A comparison of normal-weight and obese women. Neuroscience Letters 518 (2012), 106–110.
85. Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., Hermann, A., Vaitl, D., Binge-eating disorder: Reward sensitivity and brain activation to images of food. Biological Psychiatry 65 (2009), 654–661.
86. Schur, E.A., Kleinhans, N.M., Goldberg, J., Buchwald, D., Schwartz, M.W., Maravilla, K., Activation in brain energy regulation and reward centers by food cues varies with choice of visual stimulus. International Journal of Obesity 33 (2009), 653–661.
87. Shafran, R., Lee, M., Cooper, Z., Palmer, R.L., Fairburn, C.G., Attentional bias in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 40 (2007), 369–380.
88. Sherman, J.W., Gawronski, B., Trope, Y., Dual-process theories of the social mind. 2014, The Guilford Press, New York.
89. Siep, N., Roefs, A., Roebroeck, A., Havermans, R., Bonte, M.L., Jansen, A., Hunger is the best spice: An fMRI study of the effects of attention, hunger and calorie content on food reward processing in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Behavioural Brain Research 198 (2009), 149–158.
90. Siep, N., Roefs, A., Roebroeck, A., Havermans, R., Bonte, M., Jansen, A., Fighting food temptations: The modulating effects of short-term cognitive reappraisal, suppression and up-regulation on mesocorticolimbic activity related to appetitive motivation. NeuroImage 60 (2012), 213–220.
91. Simmons, W.K., Martin, A., Barsalou, L.W., Pictures of appetizing foods activate gustatory cortices for taste and reward. Cerebral Cortex 15 (2005), 1602–1608.
92. Simmons, W.K., Rapuano, K.M., Ingeholm, J.E., Avery, J., Kallman, S., Hall, K.D., Martin, A., The ventral pallidum and orbitofrontal cortex support food pleasantness inferences. Brain Structure and Function, 2013.
93. Simmons, W.K., Rapuano, K.M., Kallman, S.J., Ingeholm, J.E., Miller, B., Gotts, S.J.,.. Martin, A., Category-specific integration of homeostatic signals in caudal but not rostral human insula. Nature Neuroscience 16 (2013), 1551–1552.
94. Simon, J.J., Skunde, M., Wu, M., Schnell, K., Herpertz, S.C., Bendszus, M.,.. Friederich, H.C., Neural dissociation of food- and money-related reward processing using an abstract incentive delay task. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2015.
95. Stefano, G.B., Ptáček, R., Kuželová, H., Mantione, K.J., Raboch, J., Papezova, H., Kream, Convergent dysregulation of frontal cortical cognitive and reward systems in eating disorders. Medical Science Monitor 19 (2013), 353–358.
96. Stice, E., Agras, W.S., Predicting onset and cessation of bulimic behaviors during adolescence: A longitudinal grouping analysis. Behavior Therapy 29 (1998), 257–276.
97. Stice, E., Burger, K., Yokum, S., Caloric deprivation increases responsivity of attention and reward brain regions to intake, anticipated intake, and images of palatable foods. NeuroImage 67 (2013), 322–330.
98. Stice, E., Davis, K., Miller, N.P., Marti, C.N., Fasting increases risk for onset of binge eating and bulimic pathology: A 5-year prospective study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 117 (2008), 941–946.
99. Stice, E., Spoor, S., Bohon, C., Veldhuizen, M.G., Small, D.M., Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 117 (2008), 924–935.
100. Stice, E., Spoor, S., Ng, J., Zald, D.H., Relation of obesity to consummatory and anticipatory food reward. Physiology & Behavior 97 (2009), 551–560.
101. Stice, E., Yokum, S., Blum, K., Bohon, C., Weight gain is associated with reduced striatal response to palatable food. Journal of Neuroscience 30 (2010), 13105–13109.
102. Stice, E., Yokum, S., Burger, K.S., Epstein, L.H., Small, D.M., Youth at risk for obesity show greater activation of striatal and somatosensory regions to food. Journal of Neuroscience 31 (2011), 4360–4366.
103. Stice, E., Yokum, S., Burger, K., Rohde, P., Shaw, H., Gau, J.M., A pilot randomized trial of a cognitive reappraisal obesity prevention program. Physiology & Behavior 138 (2015), 124–132.
104. Stockburger, J., Schmälzle, R., Flaisch, T., Bublatzky, F., Schupp, H.T., The impact of hunger on food cue processing: An event-related brain potential study. NeuroImage 47 (2009), 1819–1829.
105. Stockburger, J., Weike, A.I., Hamm, A.O., Schupp, H.T., Deprivation selectively modulates brain potentials to food pictures. Behavioral Neuroscience 122 (2008), 936–942.
106. Stoeckel, L.E., Kim, J., Weller, R.E., Cox, J.E., Cook, E.W., Horwitz, B., Effective connectivity of a reward network in obese women. Brain Research Bulletin 79 (2009), 388–395.
107. Stoeckel, L.E., Weller, R.E., Cook, E.W., Twieg, D.B., Knowlton, R.C., Cox, J.E., Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of high-calorie foods. NeuroImage 41 (2008), 636–647.
108. St-Onge, M.P., Sy, M., Heymsfield, S.B., Hirsch, J., Human cortical specialization for food: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. The Journal of Nutrition 135 (2005), 1014–1018.
109. Suda, M., Uehara, T., Fukuda, M., Sato, T., Kameyama, M., Mikuni, M., Dieting tendency and eating behavior problems in eating disorder correlate with right frontotemporal and left orbitofrontal cortex: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 44 (2010), 547–555.
110. Szalay, C., Aradi, M., Schwarcz, A., Orsi, G., Perlaki, G., Németh, L.,.. Karadi, Z., Gustatory perception alterations in obesity: An fMRI study. Brain Research 1473 (2012), 131–140.
111. Tang, D.W., Fellows, L.K., Small, D.M., Dagher, A., Food and drug cues activate similar brain regions: A meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. Physiology & Behavior 106 (2012), 317–324.
112. Uher, R., Treasure, J., Heining, M., Brammer, M.J., Campbell, I.C., Cerebral processing of food-related stimuli: Effects of fasting and gender. Behavioural Brain Research 169 (2006), 111–119.
113. van den Eynde, F., Treasure, J., Neuroimaging in eating disorders and obesity: Implications for research. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 18 (2009), 95–115.
114. van der Laan, L.N., de Ridder, D.T.D., Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M., The first taste is always with the eyes: A meta-analysis on the neural correlates of processing visual food cues. NeuroImage 55 (2011), 296–303.
115. van Kuyck, K., Gérard, N., Laere, K.V., Casteels, C., Pieters, G., Gabriëls, L., Nuttin, B., Towards a neurocircuitry in anorexia nervosa: Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies. Journal of Psychiatric Research 43 (2009), 1133–1145.
116. Vocks, S., Busch, M., Grönemeyer, D., Schulte, D., Herpertz, S., Suchan, B., Neural correlates of viewing photographs of one's own body and another woman's body in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: An fMRI study. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN, 35, 2010, 163.
117. Vocks, S., Herpertz, S., Rosenberger, C., Senf, W., Gizewski, E.R., Effects of gustatory stimulation on brain activity during hunger and satiety in females with restricting-type anorexia nervosa: An fMRI study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 45 (2011), 395–403.
118. Volkow, N.D., Wang, G.J., Fowler, J.S., Tomasi, D., Baler, R., Food and drug reward: Overlapping circuits in human obesity and addiction. Brain imaging in behavioral neuroscience, 2012, Springer, 1–24.
119. Volkow, N.D., Wang, G.-J., Tomasi, D., Baler, R.D., Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps: Overlaps between drug and food addiction. Obesity Reviews 14 (2013), 2–18.
120. Wadden, T.A., Brownell, K.D., Foster, G.D., Obesity: Responding to the global epidemic. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 (2002), 510–525.
121. Wang, G.J., Volkow, N.D., Logan, J., Pappas, N.R., Wong, C.T., Zhu, W.,.. Fowler, J.S., Brain dopamine and obesity. The Lancet 357 (2001), 354–357.
122. Weygandt, M., Mai, K., Dommes, E., Ritter, K., Leupelt, V., Spranger, J., Haynes, J.D., Impulse control in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex counteracts post-diet weight regain in obesity. NeuroImage, 2015.
123. Weygandt, M., Schaefer, A., Schienle, A., Haynes, J.D., Diagnosing different binge-eating disorders based on reward-related brain activation patterns. Human Brain Mapping 33 (2012), 2135–2146.
124. Wilson-Mendenhall, C.D., Barrett, L.F., Simmons, W.K., Barsalou, L.W., Grounding emotion in situated conceptualization. Neuropsychologia 49 (2011), 1105–1127.
125. Woolley, J.D., Gorno-Tempini, M.L., Seeley, W.W., Rankin, K., Lee, S.S., Matthews, B.R., Miller, B.L., Binge eating is associated with right orbitofrontal-insular-striatal atrophy in frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 69 (2007), 1424–1433.
126. Yokum, S., Ng, J., Stice, E., Attentional bias to food images associated with elevated weight and future weight gain: An fMRI study. Obesity 19 (2011), 1775–1783.
127. Yokum, S., Stice, E., Cognitive regulation of food craving: Effects of three cognitive reappraisal strategies on neural response to palatable foods. International Journal of Obesity 37 (2013), 1565–1570.
128. Zhu, Y., Hu, X., Wang, J., Chen, J., Guo, Q., Li, C., Enck, P., Processing of food, body and emotional stimuli in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. European Eating Disorders Review 20 (2012), 439–450.