Neural correlates of food addiction

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 68, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 808-816

  Gearhardt, Ashley N ^a   Yokum, Sonja ^b   Orr, Patrick T ^a   Stice, Eric ^b   Corbin, William R ^c   Brownell, Kelly D ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADDICTION; ADULT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; ANTICIPATION; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CACAO; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EATING DISORDER; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NERVE CONDUCTION; NORMAL HUMAN; ORBITAL CORTEX; PALATABILITY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; STIMULUS RESPONSE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

BEHAVIOR, ADDICTIVE; BODY MASS INDEX; BRAIN MAPPING; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OBESITY; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79957633261     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.32     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Yach D, Stuckler D, Brownell KD. Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Nat Med. 2006;12(1):62-66. (Pubitemid 43050076)
2. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004;291(10):1238-1245. (Pubitemid 38541668)
3. Wadden TA, Butryn ML, Byrne KJ. Efficacy of lifestyle modification for longterm weight control. Obes Res. 2004;12(suppl):151S-162S.
4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
5. Volkow ND, O'Brien CP. Issues for DSM-V: should obesity be included as a brain disorder? Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(5):708-710. (Pubitemid 46808521)
6. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Telang F. Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008;363(1507):3191-3200.
7. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Jayne M, Franceschi D, Wong C, Gatley SJ, Gifford AN, Ding Y-S, Pappas N. "Nonhedonic" food motivation in humans involves dopamine in the dorsal striatum and methylphenidate amplifies this effect. Synapse. 2002;44(3):175-180. (Pubitemid 34303915)
8. McBride D, Barrett SP, Kelly JT, Aw A, Dagher A. Effects of expectancy and abstinence on the neural response to smoking cues in cigarette smokers: an fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31(12):2728-2738. (Pubitemid 44764169)
9. Franklin TR, Wang Z, Wang J, Sciortino N, Harper D, Li Y, Ehrman R, Kampman K, O'Brien CP, Detre JA, Childress AR. Limbic activation to cigarette smoking cues independent of nicotine withdrawal: a perfusion fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32(11):2301-2309. (Pubitemid 47587682)
10. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Logan J, Childress AR, Jayne M, Ma Y, Wong C. Cocaine cues and dopamine in dorsal striatum: mechanism of craving in cocaine addiction. J Neurosci. 2006;26(24):6583-6588. (Pubitemid 44318339)
11. Rothemund Y, Preuschhof C, Bohner G, Bauknecht HC, Klingebiel R, Flor H, Klapp BF. Differential activation of the dorsal striatum by high-calorie visual food stimuli in obese individuals. Neuroimage. 2007;37(2):410-421. (Pubitemid 47444263)
12. Stoeckel LE, Weller RE, Cook EW III, Twieg DB, Knowlton RC, Cox JE. Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of highcalorie foods. Neuroimage. 2008;41(2):636-647.
13. Stice E, Spoor S, Ng J, Zald DH. Relation of obesity to consummatory and anticipatory food reward. Physiol Behav. 2009;97(5):551-560.
14. Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, Small DM. Relation between obesity and blunted striatal response to food is moderated by TaqIA A1 allele. Science. 2008;322(5900): 449-452.
15. Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008;117(4):924-935.
16. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Gatley SJ, Hitzemann R, Chen AD, Dewey SL, Pappas N. Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects. Nature. 1997;386(6627):830-833. (Pubitemid 27181256)
17. Volkow ND, Wang G-J, Telang F, Fowler JS, Logan J, Jayne M, Ma Y, Pradhan K, Wong C. Profound decreases in dopamine release in striatum in detoxified alcoholics: possible orbitofrontal involvement. J Neurosci. 2007;27(46):12700- 12706. (Pubitemid 350127825)
18. Martinez D, Gil R, Slifstein M, Hwang DR, Huang YY, Perez A, Kegeles L, Talbot P, Evans S, Krystal J, Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A. Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58(10):779-786. (Pubitemid 41677416)
19. Martinez D, Narendran R, Foltin RW, Slifstein M, Hwang D-R, Broft A, Huang Y, Cooper TB, Fischman MW, Kleber HD, Laruelle M. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release: markedly blunted in cocaine dependence and predictive of the choice to self-administer cocaine. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(4):622-629. (Pubitemid 46650194)
20. Wang G-J, Volkow ND, Logan J, Pappas NR, Wong CT, Zhu W, Netusil N, Fowler JS. Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet. 2001;357(9253):354-357. (Pubitemid 32128542)
21. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang G-J, Swanson JM. Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications. Mol Psychiatry. 2004;9(6):557-569. (Pubitemid 38850435)
22. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Thanos PK, Logan J, Alexoff D, Ding YS, Wong C, Ma Y, Pradhan K. Low dopamine striatal D2 receptors are associated with prefrontal metabolism in obese subjects: possible contributing factors. Neuroimage. 2008;42(4):1537-1543.
23. Marcus MD, Wildes JE. Obesity: is it a mental disorder? Int J Eat Disord. 2009; 42(8):739-753.
24. O'Malley PM, Johnston LD. Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2002;14(14):23-39. (Pubitemid 34441590)
25. Knight JR, Wechsler H, Kuo M, Seibring M, Weitzman ER, Schuckit MA. Alcohol abuse and dependence among US college students. J Stud Alcohol. 2002;63 (3):263-270. (Pubitemid 34651262)
26. Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Appetite. 2009;52(2):430-436.
27. Stice E, Yokum S, Blum K, Bohon C. Weight gain is associated with reduced striatal response to palatable food. J Neurosci. 2010;30(39):13105-13109.
28. Zald DH, Pardo JV. Cortical activation induced by intraoral stimulation with water in humans. Chem Senses. 2000;25(3):267-275. (Pubitemid 30364852)
29. MATLAB [computer program]. Sherborn, MA: Mathworks Inc.
30. SPM5 [computer program]. London, England: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging; 2005.
31. Worsley KJ, Marrett S, Neelin P, Vandal AC, Friston KJ, Evans AC. A unified statistical approach for determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation. Hum Brain Mapp. 1996;4(1):58-73. (Pubitemid 26195721)
32. O'Doherty JP, Deichmann R, Critchley HD, Dolan RJ. Neural responses during anticipation of a primary taste reward. Neuron. 2002;33(5):815-826. (Pubitemid 34219251)
33. Henson RN, Price CJ, Rugg MD, Turner R, Friston KJ. Detecting latency differences in event-related BOLD responses: application to words versus nonwords and initial versus repeated face presentations. Neuroimage. 2002;15(1):83-97. (Pubitemid 34852207)
34. Gilman JM, Ramchandani VA, Davis MB, Bjork JM, Hommer DW. Why we like to drink: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the rewarding and anxiolytic effects of alcohol. J Neurosci. 2008;28(18):4583-4591.
35. Risinger RC, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Amen SL, Sanfilipo M, Hoffmann RG, Bloom AS, Garavan H, Stein EA. Neural correlates of high and craving during cocaine self-administration using BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage. 2005;26(4):1097-1108. (Pubitemid 40806488)
36. Small DM, Zatorre RJ, Dagher A, Evans AC, Jones-Gotman M. Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate: from pleasure to aversion. Brain. 2001; 124(pt 9):1720-1733. (Pubitemid 32845434)
37. Friston KJ, Buechel C, Fink GR, Morris J, Rolls E, Dolan RJ. Psychophysiological and modulatory interactions in neuroimaging. Neuroimage. 1997;6(3):218-229. (Pubitemid 27488453)
38. Dreher JC, Schmidt PJ, Kohn P, Furman D, Rubinow D, Berman KF. Menstrual cycle phase modulates reward-related neural function in women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(7):2465-2470. (Pubitemid 46391419)
39. Van Strien T, Frijters JER, Van Staveren WA, Defares PB, Deurenberg P. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for assessment of restrained, emotional and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 1986;5(2):295-315. doi:10.1002/1098-108X (198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T.
40. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.
41. Rolls ET. The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Cereb Cortex. 2000;10(3):284-294. (Pubitemid 30159295)
42. De Araujo IET, Rolls ET. Representation in the human brain of food texture and oral fat. J Neurosci. 2004;24(12):3086-3093. (Pubitemid 38405756)
43. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang G-J, Swanson JM, Telang F. Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results of imaging studies and treatment implications. Arch Neurol. 2007;64(11):1575-1579. (Pubitemid 350106758)
44. Heinz A, Siessmeier T, Wrase J, Hermann D, Klein S, Grüsser SM, Flor H, Braus DF, Buchholz HG, Gründer G, Schreckenberger M, Smolka MN, Rösch F, Mann K, Bartenstein P. Correlation between dopamine D(2) receptors in the ventral striatum and central processing of alcohol cues and craving [published correction appears in Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(12):234]. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161 (10):1783-1789. (Pubitemid 39314671)
45. Grüsser SM, Wrase J, Klein S, Hermann D, Smolka MN, Ruf M, Weber-Fahr W, Flor H, Mann K, Braus DF, Heinz A. Cue-induced activation of the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex is associated with subsequent relapse in abstinent alcoholics. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004;175(3):296-302. (Pubitemid 39361918)
46. Goldstein RZ, Tomasi D, Alia-Klein N, Cottone LA, Zhang L, Telang F, Volkow ND. Subjective sensitivity to monetary gradients is associated with frontolimbic activation to reward in cocaine abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;87(2-3): 233-240. (Pubitemid 46215930)
47. Arana FS, Parkinson JA, Hinton E, Holland AJ, Owen AM, Roberts AC. Dissociable contributions of the human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex to incentive motivation and goal selection. J Neurosci. 2003;23(29):9632-9638. (Pubitemid 37352063)
48. Petrides M. Frontal lobes and working memory: evidence from investigations of the effects of cortical excisions innonhumanprimates. In: Boller F,GrafmanJ, eds.Handbook of Neuropsychology. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier; 1994:59-82.
49. Heller W. Emotion. In: Banich MT, ed. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co; 2004:393-428.
50. Hare TA, Camerer CF, Rangel A. Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system. Science. 2009;324(5927):646-648.
51. Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Hikosaka O. Reward-predicting activity of dopamine and caudate neurons: a possible mechanism of motivational control of saccadic eye movement. J Neurophysiol. 2004;91(2):1013-1024. (Pubitemid 38168868)
52. Delgado MR, Stenger VA, Fiez JA. Motivation-dependent responses in the human caudate nucleus. Cereb Cortex. 2004;14(9):1022-1030. (Pubitemid 39121363)
53. Garavan H, Pankiewicz J, Bloom A, Cho JK, Sperry L, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Risinger R, Kelley D, Stein EA. Cue-induced cocaine craving: neuroanatomical specificity for drug users and drug stimuli. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(11): 1789-1798.
54. Grant S, London ED, Newlin DB, Villemagne VL, Liu X, Contoreggi C, Phillips RL, Kimes AS, Margolin A. Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(21):12040-12045. (Pubitemid 26347245)
55. Wang G-J, Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Cervany P, Hitzemann RJ, Pappas NR, Wong CT, Felder C. Regional brain metabolic activation during craving elicited by recall of previous drug experiences. Life Sci. 1999;64(9):775-784. (Pubitemid 29098972)
56. Wilson SJ, Sayette MA, Fiez JA. Prefrontal responses to drug cues: a neurocognitive analysis. Nat Neurosci. 2004;7(3):211-214. (Pubitemid 38280441)
57. Childress AR, Mozley PD, McElgin W, Fitzgerald J, Reivich M, O'Brien CP. Limbic activation during cue-induced cocaine craving. Am J Psychiatry. 1999; 156(1):11-18. (Pubitemid 29034874)
58. Pelchat ML, Johnson A, Chan R, Valdez J, Ragland JD. Images of desire: food-craving activation during fMRI. Neuroimage. 2004;23(4):1486-1493. (Pubitemid 40260371)
59. Modell JG, Mountz JM. Focal cerebral blood flow change during craving for alcohol measured by SPECT. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;7(1):15-22.
60. Berridge KC, Kringelbach ML. Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008;199(3):457-480.
61. Boettiger CA, Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Robertson M, Joslyn G, D'Esposito M, Fields HL. Immediate reward bias in humans: fronto-parietal networks and a role for the catechol-O-methyltransferase 158(Val/Val) genotype. J Neurosci. 2007; 27(52):14383-14391.
62. Elliott R, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. Dissociable functions in the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from human neuroimaging studies. Cereb Cortex. 2000;10(3):308-317. (Pubitemid 30159297)
63. Chiamulera C.Cuereactivity in nicotine and tobacco dependence: a "multiple-action" model of nicotine as a primary reinforcement and as an enhancer of the effects of smoking-associated stimuli. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005;48(1):74-97. (Pubitemid 40220337)
64. Shalev U, Grimm JW, Shaham Y. Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: a review. Pharmacol Rev. 2002;54(1):1-42. (Pubitemid 34208828)
65. Robinson TE, Berridge KC. Incentive-sensitization and addiction. Addiction. 2001; 96(1):103-114. (Pubitemid 32099343)
66. Robinson TE, Berridge KC. The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive-sensitization view. Addiction. 2000;95(suppl 2):S91-S117. (Pubitemid 30650375)
67. Fillmore MI, Rush CR. Alcohol effects on inhibitory and activational response strategies in the acquisition of alcohol and other reinforcers: priming the motivation to drink. J Stud Alcohol. 2001;62(5):646-656. (Pubitemid 33021404)
68. Fillmore MT. Cognitive preoccupation with alcohol and binge drinking in college students: alcohol-induced priming of the motivation to drink. Psychol Addict Behav. 2001;15(4):325-332. (Pubitemid 33123502)
69. Fedoroff IC, Polivy J, Herman CP. The effect of pre-exposure to food cues on the eating behavior of restrained and unrestrained eaters. Appetite. 1997;28(1):33-47. (Pubitemid 27192365)
70. Jansen A, van den Hout M. On being led into temptation: "counterregulation" of dieters after smelling a "preload". Addict Behav. 1991;16(5):247-253.
71. Rogers PJ, Hill AJ. Breakdown of dietary restraint following mere exposure to food stimuli: interrelationships between restraint, hunger, salivation, and food intake. Addict Behav. 1989;14(4):387-397. (Pubitemid 19208699)
72. Führer D, Zysset S, StumvollM. Brain activity in hunger and satiety: an exploratory visually stimulated FMRI study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(5):945-950. (Pubitemid 351620475)
73. Siep N, Roefs A, Roebroeck A, Havermans R, Bonte ML, Jansen A. Hunger is the best spice: an fMRI study of the effects of attention, hunger and calorie content on food reward processing in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res. 2009;198(1):149-158.
74. Berridge KC, Ho C-Y, Richard JM, DiFeliceantonio AG. The tempted brain eats: pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders. Brain Res. 2010; 1350:43-64.