Bactericidal Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy Against Periodontal Pathogens in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 137-149

  Akram, Zohaib ^a   Al Shareef, Saud A Aziz ^b   Daood, Umer ^c   Asiri, Faris Yahya ^d   Shah, Altaf H ^e   Alqahtani, M Ayedh ^f   Vohra, Fahim ^f   Javed, Fawad ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

^b MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Saudi Arabia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^d KING FAISAL UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^e DAR AL ULOOM UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^f KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; DISEASE CONTROL; MICROORGANISMS; PATHOGENS;

BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS; CLINICAL OUTCOME; GOOGLE SCHOLAR; LASER WAVELENGTH; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WEB OF SCIENCE;

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT;

DENTAL SCALING; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; PERIODONTAL DISEASES; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PROCEDURES; ROOT PLANING;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DENTAL SCALING; HUMANS; PERIODONTAL DISEASES; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS; ROOT PLANING;

EID: 84964200227     PISSN: 15495418     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4076     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet 2005;366:1809-1820.
2. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontol 2000 2005;38:135-187.
3. Holt SC, Ebersole JL. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia: the 'red complex', a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2005;38:72-122.
4. Lee SW, Sabet M, Um HS, Yang J, Kim HC, Zhu W. Identification and characterization of the genes encoding a unique surface (S-) layer of Tannerella forsythia. Gene 2006;371:102-111.
5. Socransky S, Haffajee A, Cugini M, Smith C, Kent R. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:134-144.
6. Seymour GJ, Gemmell E. Cytokines in periodontal disease: where to from here? Acta Odontol 2001;59:167-173.
7. Sanz M, Lau L, Herrera D, Morillo JM, Silva A. Methods of detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in periodontal microbiology, with special emphasis on advanced molecular techniques: a review. J Clin Periodontol 2004;31:1034-1047.
8. Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Kilian M. Reclassification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans gen. nov., comb. nov., Aggregatibacter aphrophilus comb. nov. and Aggregatibacter segnis comb. nov., and emended description of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus to include V factor-dependent and V factor-independent isolates. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006;56:2135-2146.
9. Schacher B, Baron F, Roßberg M, Wohlfeil M, Arndt R, Eickholz P. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as indicator for aggressive periodontitis by two analysing strategies. J Clin Periodontol 2007;34:566-573.
10. Lamont RJ, Chan A, Belton CM, Izutsu KT, Vasel D, Weinberg A. Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion of gingival epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1995;63:3878-3885.
11. Sela MN. Role of Treponema denticola in periodontal diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2001;12:399-413.
12. Kesić L, Petrović M, Obradović R, Pej-cić A. The importance of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in etiology of periodontal disease-Mini Review. Acta Medica Medianae 2009;48:35-37.
13. A ° berg CH, Kelk P, Johansson A. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: virulence of its leukotoxin and association with aggressive periodontitis. Virulence 2015;6:188-195.
14. Keestra J, Grosjean I, Coucke W, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Non-surgical periodontal therapy with systemic antibiotics in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2015;50:294-314.
15. Rabelo CC, Feres M, Goncąlves C, et al. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. A systematic review and a Bayesian Network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2015;42:647-657.
16. Cunha BA. Antibiotic side effects. Med Clin North Am 2001;85:149-185.
17. Fleischer HC, Mellonig JT, Brayer WK, Gray JL, Barnett JD. Scaling and root planing efficacy in multirooted teeth. J Periodontol 1989;60:402-409.
18. Adriaens PA, Adriaens LM. Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on hard and soft tissues. Periodontol 2000 2004;36:121-145.
19. Moreira AL, Novaes AB Jr, Grisi MF, et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2015;86:376-386.
20. Kolbe MF, Ribeiro FV, Luchesi VH, et al. Photodynamic therapy during supportive periodontal care: clinical, microbiologic, immunoinflammatory, and patient-centered performance in a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2014;85:e277-e286.
21. Dobson J, Wilson M. Sensitization of oral bacteria in biofilms to killing by light from a low-power laser. Arch Oral Biol 1992;37:883-887.
22. Hamblin MR, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004;3:436-450.
23. Zanin I, Brugnera A Jr. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease (translation). Perionews 2007;1:79-85.
24. Raghavendra M, Koregol A, Bhola S. Photodynamic therapy: a targeted therapy in periodontics. Aust Dent J 2009;54: S102-S109.
25. Rühling A, Fanghänel J, Houshmand M, et al. Photodynamic therapy of persistent pockets in maintenance patients-a clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2010;14:637-644.
26. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:264-269.
27. Carvalho VF, Andrade PV, Rodrigues MF, et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic effect to treat residual pockets in periodontal patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2015;42:440-447.
28. Birang R, Shahaboui M, Kiani S, Shadmehr E, Naghsh N. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with diode laser or photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial. J Lasers Med Sci 2015;6:112-119.
29. Chitsazi MT, Shirmohammadi A, Pourabbas R, et al. Clinical and microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy associated with non-surgical treatment in aggressive periodontitis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2014;8:153.
30. Petelin M, Perki-c K, Seme K, Gas?pirc B. Effect of repeated adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on subgingival periodontal pathogens in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Lasers Med Sci 2014;30:1647-1656.
31. Jung GU, Kim JW, Kim SJ, Pang EK. Effects of adjunctive daily phototherapy on chronic periodontitis: a randomized single-blind controlled trial. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014;44:280-287.
32. Luchesi VH, Pimentel SP, Kolbe MF. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of class II furcation: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40:781-788.
33. Noro Filho GA, Casarin RC, Casati MZ, Giovani EM. PDT in non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in HIV patients: a split-mouth, randomized clinical trial. Lasers Surg Med 2012;44:296-302.
34. Theodoro LH, Silva SP, Pires JR, et al. Clinical and microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy associated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. A 6-month followup. Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:687-693.
35. Novaes AB Jr, Schwartz-Filho HO, de Oliveira RR, FeresM, Sato S, Figueiredo LC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis: microbiological profile. Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:389-395.
36. Cappuyns I, Cionca N, Wick P, Giannopoulou C, Mombelli A. Treatment of residual pockets with photodynamic therapy, diode laser, or deep scaling. A randomized, split-mouth controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:979-986.
37. Chondros P, Nikolidakis D, Christodoulides N, Rossler R, Gutknecht N, Sculean A. Photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients on periodontal maintenance: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2009;24:681-688.
38. Polansky R, Haas M, Heschl A, Wimmer G. Clinical effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36:575-580.
39. Christodoulides N, Nikolidakis D, Chondros P, et al. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2008;79:1638-1644.
40. Sreedhar A, Sarkar I, Rajan P, et al.Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of curcumin gelwith and without photo activation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a split mouth clinical and microbiological study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015;6(Suppl 1):S102.
41. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996;17:1-12.
42. Nitzan Y, Gutterman M, Malik Z, Ehrenberg B. Inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by photosensitized porphyrins. Photochem Photobiol 1992;55:89-96.
43. Konopka K, Goslinski T. Photodynamic therapy in dentistry. J Dent Res 2007;86:694-707.
44. Chan Y, Lai CH. Bactericidal effects of different laser wavelengths on periodontopathic germs in photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2003;18:51-55.
45. Luksiene Z. Photodynamic therapy: mechanism of action and ways to improve the efficiency of treatment. Medicina (Kaunas) 2002;39:1137-1150.
46. Wilson M. Lethal photosensitisation of oral bacteria and its potential application in the photodynamic therapy of oral infections. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004;3:412-418.
47. Thiha K, Takeuchi Y, Umeda M, Huang Y, Ohnishi M, Ishikawa I. Identification of periodontopathic bacteria in gingival tissue of Japanese periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;22:201-207.
48. Keestra JAJ, Grosjean I, Coucke W, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Non-surgical periodontal therapy with systemic antibiotics in patients with untreated aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2015;50:689-706.
49. Bassetti M, Schar D, Wicki B, et al. Anti-infective therapy of peri-implantitis with adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: 12-month outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014;25:279-287. (Focus question not answered)
50. Bhatti M, Nair SP, Macrobert AJ, et al. Identification of photolabile outer membrane proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Curr Microbiol 2001;43:96-99. (Focus question not answered)
51. Boehm TK, Ciancio SG. Diode laser activated indocyanine green selectively kills bacteria. J Int Acad Periodontol 2011;13:58-63. (In vitro)
52. Braham P, Herron C, Street C, Darveau R. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy may promote periodontal healing through multiple mechanisms. J Periodontol 2009;80:1790-1798. (In vitro)
53. Chui C, Aoki A, Takeuchi Y, et al. Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using high-power blue light-emitting diode and red-dye agent on Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodont Res 2013;48:696-705. (In vitro)
54. de Oliveira RR, Novaes AB Jr, Garlet GP, et al. The effect of a single episode of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in the dog mandible. Lasers Med Sci 2011;26:359-367. (Experimental)
55. Dortbudak O, Haas R, Bernhart T, Mailath-Pokorny G. Lethal photosensitization for decontamination of implant surfaces in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12:104-108. (Focus question not answered)
56. Eick S, Markauskaite G, Nietzsche S, Laugisch O, Salvi GE, Sculean A. Effect of photoactivated disinfection with a light-emitting diode on bacterial species and biofilms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013;10:156-167. (In vitro)
57. Fimple JL, Fontana CR, Foschi F, et al. Photodynamic treatment of endodontic polymicrobial infection in vitro. J Endod 2008;34:728-734. (In-vitro)
58. Giannelli M, Pini A, Formigli L, Bani D. Comparative in vitro study among the effects of different laser and LED irradiation protocols and conventional chlorhexidine treatment for deactivation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide adherent to titanium surface. Photomed Laser Surg 2011;29: 573-580. (In-vitro)
59. Haag PA, Steiger-Ronay V, Schmidlin PR. The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of PDT against periodontopathogenic bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:27327-27338. (Review)
60. Habiboallah G, Mahdi Z, Mahbobeh NN, Mina ZJ, Sina F, Majid Z. Bactericidal effect of visible light in the presence of erythrosine on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared with diode laser, an in vitro study. Laser Ther 2014;23:263-271. (In vitro)
61. Hayek RR, Araujo NS, Gioso MA, et al. Comparative study between the effects of photodynamic therapy and conventional therapy on microbial reduction in ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs. J Periodontol 2005;76:1275-1281. (Experimental)
62. Henry CA, Judy M, Dyer B, Wagner M, Matthews JL. Sensitivity of Porphyromonas and Prevotella species in liquid media to argon laser. PhotochemPhotobiol 1995;61:410-413. (In vitro)
63. Hope CK, Hindley JA, Khan Z, de Jong Ede J, Higham SM. Lethal photosensitization of Porphyromonas gingivalis by their endogenous porphyrins under anaerobic conditions: an in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013;10:677-682. (In vitro)
64. Javed F, Romanos GE. Does photodynamic therapy enhance standard antibacterial therapy in dentistry? Photomed Laser Surg 2013;31:512-518. (Review)
65. Ko A, Yee M, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Duzgunes N. Photodynamic therapy of Porphyromonas gingivalis via liposomeencapsulated sensitizers. J Calif Dent Assoc 2013;41:827-830. (In vitro)
66. Komerik N, Nakanishi H, MacRobert AJ, Henderson B, Speight P, Wilson M. In vivo killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in an animal model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47: 932-940. (In vivo)
67. Konig K, Teschke M, Sigusch B, Glockmann E, Eick S, Pfister W. Red light kills bacteria via photodynamic action. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 2000;46:1297-1303. (In vitro)
68. Kranz S, Huebsch M, Guellmar A, Voelpel A, Tonndorf-Martini S, Sigusch BW. Antibacterial photodynamic treatment of periodontopathogenic bacteria with indocyanine green and near-infrared laser light enhanced by Trolox( TM). Lasers Surg Med 2015;47:350-360. (In vitro)
69. Mahdi Z, Habiboallh G, Mahbobeh NN, Mina ZJ, Majid Z, Nooshin A. Lethal effect of blue light-activated hydrogen peroxide, curcumin and erythrosine as potential oral photosensitizers on the viability of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Laser Ther 2015;24:103-111. (In vitro)
70. Matevski D, Weersink R, Tenenbaum HC, Wilson B, Ellen RP, Lepine G. Lethal photosensitization of periodontal pathogens by a red-filtered Xenon lamp in vitro. J Periodont Res 2003;38:428-435. (In vitro)
71. MuhammadOH, Chevalier M, Rocca JP, Brulat-BouchardN, MedioniE.Photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic irrigation: interaction with endodontic microbial biofilm, an ex vivo study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014;11:171-181. (ex vivo)
72. Nagahara A, Mitani A, Fukuda M, et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a diode laser with a potential new photosensitizer, indocyanine green-loaded nanospheres, may be effective for the clearance of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodont Res 2013;48:591-599. (In vitro)
73. Nastri L, Donnarumma G, Porzio C, et al. Effects of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on periopathogens and periodontal biofilm: in vitro evaluation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010;23:1125-1132. (In vitro)
74. Neugebauer J. Using photodynamic therapy to treat periimplantitis. Interview. Dent Implantol Update 2005;16:9-16. (Interview)
75. Oruba Z, Labuz P, Macyk W, Gajewska MC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy-a discovery originating from the pre-antibiotic era in a novel periodontal therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015;12:612-618. (Review)
76. Packer S, Bhatti M, Burns T, Wilson M. Inactivation of proteolytic enzymes from Porphyromonas gingivalis using light-activated agents. Lasers Med Sci 2000;15:24-30. (In vitro)
77. Papastamou V, Nietzsch T, Staudte H, Orellana G, Sigusch BW. Photoinactivation of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis using the ruthenium-based RD3 sensitizer and a conventional halogen lamp. Arch Oral Biol 2011;56:264-268. (In vitro)
78. Pfitzner A, Sigusch BW, Albrecht V, Glockmann E. Killing of periodontopathogenic bacteria by photodynamic therapy. J Periodontol 2004;75:1343-1349. (In vitro)
79. Romanos GE, Brink B. Photodynamic therapy in periodontal therapy: microbiological observations from a private practice. Gen Dent 2010;58:e68-e73. (Focus question not answered)
80. Rovaldi CR, Pievsky A, Sole NA, Friden PM, Rothstein DM, Spacciapoli P. Photoactive porphyrin derivative with broadspectrum activity against oral pathogens In vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:3364-3367. (In vitro)
81. Sigusch BW, Engelbrecht M, Volpel A, Holletschke A, Pfister W, Schutze J. Full-mouth antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2010;81:975-981. (Focus question not answered)
82. Sigusch BW, Pfitzner A, Albrecht V, Glockmann E. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy on inflammatory signs and two selected periodontopathogenic species in a beagle dog model. J Periodontol 2005;76:1100-1105. (Experimental)
83. Soukos NS, Chen PS, Morris JT, et al. Photodynamic therapy for endodontic disinfection. J Endod 2006;32:979-984. (Focus question not answered)
84. Soukos NS, Mulholland SE, Socransky SS, Doukas AG. Photodestruction of human dental plaque bacteria: enhancement of the photodynamic effect by photomechanical waves in an oral biofilm model. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 33:161-168. (Ex vivo)
85. Soukos NS, Ximenez-Fyvie LA, Hamblin MR, Socransky SS, Hasan T. Targeted antimicrobial photochemotherapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:2595-2601. (In vitro)
86. Street CN, Pedigo LA, Loebel NG. Energy dose parameters affect antimicrobial photodynamic therapy-mediated eradication of periopathogenic biofilm and planktonic cultures. Photomed Laser Surg 2010;28 Suppl 1:S61-S66. (Ex vivo)
87. Theodoro LH, Pires JR, Fernandes LA, et al. Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontally infected tooth sockets in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2015;30:677-683. (Experimental)
88. Thierbach R, Eger T. Clinical outcome of a nonsurgical and surgical treatment protocol in different types of periimplantitis: a case series. Quintessence Int (Berlin, Germany: 1985) 2013;44:137-148. (Focus question not answered)
89. Umeda M, Tsuno A, Okagami Y, Tsuchiya F, Izumi Y, Ishikawa I. Bactericidal effects of a high-power, red lightemitting diode on two periodontopathic bacteria in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in vitro. J Investig Clin Dent 2011;2:268-274. (In vitro)
90. Voos AC, Kranz S, Tonndorf-Martini S, et al. Photodynamic antimicrobial effect of safranine O on an ex vivo periodontal biofilm. Lasers Surg Med 2014;46:235-243.(Ex vivo)