메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 633-644

A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, methylphenidate, and physical activity on EEG power spectra in children with ADHD

Author keywords

ADHD; EEG; methylphenidate; neurofeedback; physical activity; RCT

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; METHYLPHENIDATE;

EID: 84963808479     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: 14697610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12517     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 34548442524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: A meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm
    • Alderson, R., Rapport, M., &, Kofler, M., (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: A meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 745-758.
    • (2007) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 745-758
    • Alderson, R.1    Rapport, M.2    Kofler, M.3
  • 2
    • 84878444524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade of EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Research in ADHD: A meta-analysis
    • Arns, M., Conners, C.K., &, Kraemer, H.C., (2013). A decade of EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Research in ADHD: A meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17, 374-383.
    • (2013) Journal of Attention Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 374-383
    • Arns, M.1    Conners, C.K.2    Kraemer, H.C.3
  • 3
    • 68549132409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Neurofeedback Treatment in ADHD: The Effects on Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity: A Meta-Analysis
    • Arns, M., de Ridder, S., &, Strehl, U., (2009). Efficacy of Neurofeedback Treatment in ADHD: The Effects on Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 40, 180-189.
    • (2009) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience , vol.40 , pp. 180-189
    • Arns, M.1    De Ridder, S.2    Strehl, U.3
  • 4
    • 84892524732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of neurofeedback in ADHD: The long and winding road
    • Elsevier B.V
    • Arns, M., Heinrich, H., &, Strehl, U., (2014). Evaluation of neurofeedback in ADHD: The long and winding road. Biological Psychology, 95, 108-115. Elsevier B.V.
    • (2014) Biological Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 108-115
    • Arns, M.1    Heinrich, H.2    Strehl, U.3
  • 5
    • 33750215813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulants: Therapeutic actions in ADHD
    • Arnsten, A.F.T., (2006). Stimulants: Therapeutic actions in ADHD. Neuropsychopharmacology, 31, 2376-2383.
    • (2006) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 2376-2383
    • Arnsten, A.F.T.1
  • 6
    • 0030638716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD
    • Barkley, R.A., (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
    • (1997) Psychological Bulletin , vol.121 , pp. 65-94
    • Barkley, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 67651026870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalogram theta/beta ratio and arousal in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence of independent processes
    • Society of Biological Psychiatry
    • Barry, R.J., Clarke, A.R., Johnstone, S.J., McCarthy, R., &, Selikowitz, M., (2009). Electroencephalogram theta/beta ratio and arousal in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence of independent processes. Biological Psychiatry, 66, 398-401. Society of Biological Psychiatry.
    • (2009) Biological Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 398-401
    • Barry, R.J.1    Clarke, A.R.2    Johnstone, S.J.3    McCarthy, R.4    Selikowitz, M.5
  • 11
    • 20444402618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective overview
    • (June 1)
    • Biederman, J., (2005 June 1). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective overview. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1215-1220.
    • (2005) Biological Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1215-1220
    • Biederman, J.1
  • 12
    • 84940723804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of neurofeedback in adolescents with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial
    • Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    • Bink, M., van Nieuwenhuizen, C., Popma, A., Bongers, I.L., &, van Boxtel, G.J.M., (2015). Behavioral effects of neurofeedback in adolescents with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 1035-1048. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
    • (2015) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 1035-1048
    • Bink, M.1    Van Nieuwenhuizen, C.2    Popma, A.3    Bongers, I.L.4    Van Boxtel, G.J.M.5
  • 13
    • 0036430298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of stimulant medications on the EEG of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Clarke, A.R., Barry, R.J., Bond, D., McCarthy, R., &, Selikowitz, M., (2002). Effects of stimulant medications on the EEG of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 164, 277-284.
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.164 , pp. 277-284
    • Clarke, A.R.1    Barry, R.J.2    Bond, D.3    McCarthy, R.4    Selikowitz, M.5
  • 15
    • 0036175486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG differences between good and poor responders to methylphenidate and dexamphetamine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Clarke, A.R., Barry, R.J., McCarthy, R., &, Selikowitz, M., (2002). EEG differences between good and poor responders to methylphenidate and dexamphetamine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neurophysiology, 113, 194-205.
    • (2002) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.113 , pp. 194-205
    • Clarke, A.R.1    Barry, R.J.2    McCarthy, R.3    Selikowitz, M.4
  • 16
    • 0037310915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of stimulant medications on the EEG of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive type
    • Clarke, A.R., Barry, R.J., McCarthy, R., Selikowitz, M., Brown, C.R., &, Croft, R.J., (2003). Effects of stimulant medications on the EEG of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive type. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 47, 129-137.
    • (2003) International Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.47 , pp. 129-137
    • Clarke, A.R.1    Barry, R.J.2    McCarthy, R.3    Selikowitz, M.4    Brown, C.R.5    Croft, R.J.6
  • 19
    • 84864818162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurofeedback for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: A randomized and controlled clinical trial using parental reports
    • (January)
    • Duric, N.S., Assmus, J., Gundersen, D., &, Elgen, I.B., (2012 January). Neurofeedback for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: A randomized and controlled clinical trial using parental reports. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 1-8.
    • (2012) BMC Psychiatry , vol.12 , pp. 1-8
    • Duric, N.S.1    Assmus, J.2    Gundersen, D.3    Elgen, I.B.4
  • 20
    • 77950862209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis
    • Faraone, S.V., &, Buitelaar, J., (2010). Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 353-364.
    • (2010) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 353-364
    • Faraone, S.V.1    Buitelaar, J.2
  • 21
    • 34547145165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral and biomedical sciences
    • Faul, F., Erdefelder, E., Lang, A.G., &, Bunchner, A., (2007). G power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191.
    • (2007) Behavior Research Methods , vol.39 , pp. 175-191
    • Faul, F.1    Erdefelder, E.2    Lang, A.G.3    Bunchner, A.4
  • 22
    • 84963875071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An RCT into the behavioural effects of neurofeedback compared to methylphenidate and physical activity in children with ADHD
    • (in press)
    • Geladé, K., Janssen, T.W.P., Bink, M., van Mourik, R., Maras, A., &, Oosterlaan, J., (in press). An RCT into the behavioural effects of neurofeedback compared to methylphenidate and physical activity in children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
    • Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
    • Geladé, K.1    Janssen, T.W.P.2    Bink, M.3    Van Mourik, R.4    Maras, A.5    Oosterlaan, J.6
  • 26
    • 0041423684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMG contamination of EEG: Spectral and topographical characteristics
    • Goncharova, I., McFarland, D., Vaughan, T., &, Wolpaw, J., (2003). EMG contamination of EEG: Spectral and topographical characteristics. Clinical Neurophysiology, 114, 1580-1593.
    • (2003) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.114 , pp. 1580-1593
    • Goncharova, I.1    McFarland, D.2    Vaughan, T.3    Wolpaw, J.4
  • 27
    • 39349108186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of pharmacotherapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Epidemiology, prevention and management
    • Graham, J., &, Coghill, D., (2008). Adverse effects of pharmacotherapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Epidemiology, prevention and management. CNS Drugs, 22, 213-237.
    • (2008) CNS Drugs , vol.22 , pp. 213-237
    • Graham, J.1    Coghill, D.2
  • 32
    • 39449135873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous recording of EEG and BOLD responses: A historical perspective
    • Herrmann, C.S., &, Debener, S., (2008). Simultaneous recording of EEG and BOLD responses: A historical perspective. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 67, 161-168.
    • (2008) International Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.67 , pp. 161-168
    • Herrmann, C.S.1    Debener, S.2
  • 33
  • 34
    • 84963912644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, methylphenidate and physical activity on event-related potentials in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • (in press)
    • Janssen, T.W.P., Bink, M., Gelade, K., Mourik, R., Maras, A., &, Oosterlaan, J., (in press). A randomized controlled trial into the effects of neurofeedback, methylphenidate and physical activity on event-related potentials in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology.
    • Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
    • Janssen, T.W.P.1    Bink, M.2    Gelade, K.3    Mourik, R.4    Maras, A.5    Oosterlaan, J.6
  • 35
    • 84958013221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the ventral attention network during the stop-signal task in children with ADHD: An event-related potential source imaging study
    • Advanced online publication
    • Janssen, T.W.P., Heslenfeld, D.J., van Mourik, R., Gelade, K., Maras, A., &, Oosterlaan, J., (2015). Alterations in the ventral attention network during the stop-signal task in children With ADHD: An event-related potential source imaging study. Journal of Attention Disorders. Advanced online publication. doi: 10.1177/1087054715580847.
    • (2015) Journal of Attention Disorders
    • Janssen, T.W.P.1    Heslenfeld, D.J.2    Van Mourik, R.3    Gelade, K.4    Maras, A.5    Oosterlaan, J.6
  • 36
    • 34548478345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in EEG spectrograms, event-related potentials and event-related desynchronization induced by relative beta training in ADHD children
    • Kropotov, J.D., Grin-Yatsenko, V.A., Ponomarev, V.A., Chutko, L.S., Yakovenko, E.A., &, Nikishena, I.S., (2007). Changes in EEG spectrograms, event-related potentials and event-related desynchronization induced by relative beta training in ADHD children. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11, 3-11.
    • (2007) Journal of Neurotherapy , vol.11 , pp. 3-11
    • Kropotov, J.D.1    Grin-Yatsenko, V.A.2    Ponomarev, V.A.3    Chutko, L.S.4    Yakovenko, E.A.5    Nikishena, I.S.6
  • 37
    • 18644380833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control?
    • Lijffijt, M., Kenemans, J.L., Verbaten, M.N., &, van Engeland, H., (2005). A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 216-222.
    • (2005) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.114 , pp. 216-222
    • Lijffijt, M.1    Kenemans, J.L.2    Verbaten, M.N.3    Van Engeland, H.4
  • 38
    • 24344504274 scopus 로고
    • On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A theory of an act of control
    • Logan, G., &, Cowan, W., (1984). On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A theory of an act of control. Psychological Review, 91, 295-327.
    • (1984) Psychological Review , vol.91 , pp. 295-327
    • Logan, G.1    Cowan, W.2
  • 39
    • 22444445731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of EEG in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Loo, S.K., &, Barkley, R.A., (2005). Clinical utility of EEG in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied Neuropsy-chology, 12, 64-76.
    • (2005) Applied Neuropsy-chology , vol.12 , pp. 64-76
    • Loo, S.K.1    Barkley, R.A.2
  • 40
    • 84878428956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the theta to beta ratio in ADHD: Identifying potential sources of heterogeneity
    • Loo, S.K., Cho, A., Hale, T.S., McGough, J., McCracken, J., &, Smalley, S.L., (2013). Characterization of the theta to beta ratio in ADHD: Identifying potential sources of heterogeneity. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17, 384-392.
    • (2013) Journal of Attention Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 384-392
    • Loo, S.K.1    Cho, A.2    Hale, T.S.3    McGough, J.4    McCracken, J.5    Smalley, S.L.6
  • 41
    • 11344278630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG correlates of methylphenidate response in ADHD: Association with cognitive and behavioral measures
    • Loo, S.K., Hopfer, C., Teale, P.D., &, Reite, M.L., (2004). EEG correlates of methylphenidate response in ADHD: Association with cognitive and behavioral measures. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 21, 457-464.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.21 , pp. 457-464
    • Loo, S.K.1    Hopfer, C.2    Teale, P.D.3    Reite, M.L.4
  • 43
    • 0033564796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG correlates of psychostimulant effects among children with ADHD: A preliminary report
    • Loo, S.K., Teale, P., &, Reite, M., (1999). EEG correlates of psychostimulant effects among children with ADHD: A preliminary report. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1657-1660.
    • (1999) Biological Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 1657-1660
    • Loo, S.K.1    Teale, P.2    Reite, M.3
  • 44
    • 0026230609 scopus 로고
    • Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorders
    • Lubar, J.F., (1991). Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorders. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 16, 201-225.
    • (1991) Biofeedback and Self-Regulation , vol.16 , pp. 201-225
    • Lubar, J.F.1
  • 45
    • 77957958257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyogenic artifacts and electroencephalographic inferences revisited
    • Elsevier Inc
    • McMenamin, B.W., Shackman, A.J., Greischar, L.L., &, Davidson, R.J., (2011). Electromyogenic artifacts and electroencephalographic inferences revisited. NeuroImage, 54, 4-9. Elsevier Inc.
    • (2011) NeuroImage , vol.54 , pp. 4-9
    • McMenamin, B.W.1    Shackman, A.J.2    Greischar, L.L.3    Davidson, R.J.4
  • 46
    • 84878359659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
    • Elsevier B.V
    • Meisel, V., Servera, M., Garcia-Banda, G., Cardo, E., &, Moreno, I., (2013). Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up. Biological Psychology, 94, 12-21. Elsevier B.V.
    • (2013) Biological Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 12-21
    • Meisel, V.1    Servera, M.2    Garcia-Banda, G.3    Cardo, E.4    Moreno, I.5
  • 47
    • 0036917320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Monastra, V.J., Monastra, D.M., &, George, S., (2002). The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27, 231-249.
    • (2002) Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback , vol.27 , pp. 231-249
    • Monastra, V.J.1    Monastra, D.M.2    George, S.3
  • 48
    • 84884513092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of neurofeedback versus stimulant medication in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized pilot study
    • Ogrim, G., &, Hestad, K.A., (2013). Effects of neurofeedback versus stimulant medication in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized pilot study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23, 448-457.
    • (2013) Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology , vol.23 , pp. 448-457
    • Ogrim, G.1    Hestad, K.A.2
  • 49
    • 84893530212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the clinical outcome of stimulant medication in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a go/no-go test
    • Ogrim, G., Kropotov, J., Brunner, J.F., Candrian, G., Sandvik, L., &, Hestad, K.A., (2014). Predicting the clinical outcome of stimulant medication in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a go/no-go test. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 231-242.
    • (2014) Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment , vol.10 , pp. 231-242
    • Ogrim, G.1    Kropotov, J.2    Brunner, J.F.3    Candrian, G.4    Sandvik, L.5    Hestad, K.A.6
  • 52
  • 53
    • 0033973304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive-energetic model: An empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Sergeant, J., (2000). The cognitive-energetic model: An empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 7-12.
    • (2000) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.24 , pp. 7-12
    • Sergeant, J.1
  • 54
    • 33749420610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of quantitative EEG power associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Snyder, S.M., &, Hall, J.R., (2006). A meta-analysis of quantitative EEG power associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 23, 440-455.
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.23 , pp. 440-455
    • Snyder, S.M.1    Hall, J.R.2
  • 55
    • 84926518700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of an EEG biomarker with a clinician's ADHD evaluation
    • Snyder, S.M., Rugino, T.A., Hornig, M., &, Stein, M.A., (2015). Integration of an EEG biomarker with a clinician's ADHD evaluation. Brain and Behavior, 5, 1-17.
    • (2015) Brain and Behavior , vol.5 , pp. 1-17
    • Snyder, S.M.1    Rugino, T.A.2    Hornig, M.3    Stein, M.A.4
  • 56
    • 14944362634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of methylphenidate on quantitative EEG of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in continuous performance test
    • Song, D.H., Shin, D.W., Jon, D.I., &, Ha, E.H., (2005). Effects of methylphenidate on quantitative EEG of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in continuous performance test. Yonsei Medical Journal, 46, 34-41.
    • (2005) Yonsei Medical Journal , vol.46 , pp. 34-41
    • Song, D.H.1    Shin, D.W.2    Jon, D.I.3    Ha, E.H.4
  • 57
    • 77949658571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the dual pathway model: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Elsevier Inc
    • Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Bitsakou, P., &, Thompson, M., (2010). Beyond the dual pathway model: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 345-355. Elsevier Inc.
    • (2010) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 345-355
    • Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S.1    Bitsakou, P.2    Thompson, M.3
  • 58
    • 84873621070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpharmacological Interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments
    • European ADHD Guidelines Group
    • Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Brandeis, D., Cortese, S., Daley, D., Ferrin, M., Holtmann, M.,... & European ADHD Guidelines Group. (2013). Nonpharmacological Interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 275-289.
    • (2013) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.170 , pp. 275-289
    • Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S.1    Brandeis, D.2    Cortese, S.3    Daley, D.4    Ferrin, M.5    Holtmann, M.6
  • 62
    • 0023183119 scopus 로고
    • The continuing problem of false positives in repeated measures ANOVA in psy-chophysiology: A multivariate solution
    • Vasey, M.W., &, Thayer, J.F., (1987). The continuing problem of false positives in repeated measures ANOVA in psy-chophysiology: A multivariate solution. Psychophysiology, 24, 479-486.
    • (1987) Psychophysiology , vol.24 , pp. 479-486
    • Vasey, M.W.1    Thayer, J.F.2
  • 66
    • 0020854373 scopus 로고
    • Optimal stimulation: A model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children
    • Zentall, S., &, Zentall, T., (1983). Optimal stimulation: A model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 446-471.
    • (1983) Psychological Bulletin , vol.94 , pp. 446-471
    • Zentall, S.1    Zentall, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.