Nondegradable synthetic polymers for medical devices and implants

Biosynthetic Polymers for Medical Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 33-62

  Gunatillake, P A ^a   Adhikari, R ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Biostability and compatibility; Medical implants; Nondegradable; Synthesis and properties; Synthetic polymers

Indexed keywords

BIOCOMPATIBILITY; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; POLYMERIC IMPLANTS;

BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; BIOSTABILITY; MEDICAL IMPLANTS; MOLECULAR LEVELS; NONDEGRADABLE; SYNTHETIC POLYMERS;

FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS;

EID: 84960810831     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-78242-105-4.00002-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (116)

1. Adrian M., Zaharescu T., Jipa S., Silva L.E., Oros C. The assessment of thermal and radiation stability of UHMWPE. J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 2008, 10:826-829.
2. Affatato S., Bordini B., Fagnano C., Taddei P., Tinti A., Toni A. Effects of the sterilisation method on the wear of UHMWPE acetabular cups tested in a hip joint simulator. Biomaterials 2002, 23:1439-1446.
3. Affatato S., Bracco P., Costa L., Villa T., Quaglini V., Toni A. In vitro wear performance of standard, crosslinked, and vitamin-E-blended UHMWPE. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2012, 100A:554-560.
4. Anderson J.M., Rodriguez A., Chang D.T. Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Semin. Immunol. 2008, 20:86-100.
5. Bellon J.M. Role of the new lightweight prostheses in improving hernia repair. Cir. Esp. 2009, 85:268-273.
6. Berry D.J., Currier B.H., Mayor M.B., Collier J.P. Gamma-irradiation sterilization in an inert environment: a partial solution. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2012, 470:1805-1813.
7. Besong A.A., Tipper J.L., Ingham E., Al E. Quantitative comparison of wear debries from UHMWPE that has and has not been sterilized by gamma irradiation. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1998, 80:340-344.
8. Bracco P., Del Prever E.M.B., Cannas M., Luda M.P., Costa L. Oxidation behaviour in prosthetic UHMWPE components sterilised with high energy radiation in a low-oxygen environment. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91:2030-2038.
9. Bracco P., Oral E. Vitamin E-stabilized UHMWPE for total joint implants: a review. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2011, 469:2286-2293.
10. Brandon H.J., Jerina K.L., Wolf C.J., Young V.L. Biodurability of retrieved silicone get breast implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003, 11.
11. Brook M.A. Platinum in silicone breast implants. Biomaterials 2006, 27:3274-3286.
12. Brown S.A., Hastings R.S., Mason J.J., Moet A. Characterisation of short-fibre reinforced thermoplastics for fracture fixation devices. Biomaterials 1990, 11:541-547.
13. Carpentieri I., Brunella V., Bracco P., Paganini M.C., Del Prever E.M.B., Luda M.P., Bonomi S., Costa L. Post-irradiation oxidation of different polyethylenes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2011, 96:624-629.
14. Charnley J. Bone cements and fillers: a review. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 1960, 42-B:28.
15. Choi T., Weksler J., Padsalgikar A., Hernandez R., Runt J. Polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethanes: phase-separated morphology and in vitro oxidative biostability. Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62:794-798.
16. Christenson E.M., Anderson J.M., Hittner A. Biodegradation mechanisms of polyurethane elastomers. Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 2007, 42:312-323.
17. Christenson E.M., Dadsetan M., Wiggins M., Anderson J.M., Hiltner A. Poly(carbonate urethane) and poly(ether urethane) biodegradation: in vivo studies. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2004, 69A:407-416.
18. Contreras-Garcia A., Bucio E., Concheiro A., Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Surface functionalization of polypropylene devices with hemocompatible DMAAm and NIPAAm grafts for norfloxacin sustained release. J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. 2011, 26:405-419.
19. Coote C.F., Hamilton J.V., Mcgimpsey W.G., Thompson R.W. Oxidation of gamma-irradiated ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2000, 77:2525-2542.
20. Costa L., Bracco P., Brach E.M., Luda M.P. Oxidation in prosthetic UHMWPE. Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 224:U507.
21. Costa L., Carpentieri I., Bracco P. Post electron-beam irradiation oxidation of orthopaedic UHMWPE. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93:1695-1703.
22. Costa L., Luda M.P., Trossarelli L., Del Prever E.M.B., Crova M., Gallinaro P. Oxidation in orthopaedic UHMWPE sterilized by gamma-radiation and ethylene oxide. Biomaterials 1998, 19:659-668.
23. Curtis J., Colas A. Medical Applications of Silicones 2004, Academic Press.
24. Curtis J., Colas A. Silicone Biomaterials: History and Chemistry & Medical Applications of Silicones 2004, Academic Press.
25. Curtis J.M., Peters Y.A., Swarthout D.E., Kennan J.J., Vandyke M.E. Mechanical and chemical analysis of retrieved breast implants demonstrate material durability. Transactions of the Sixth World Biomaterials Congress 2000.
26. Del Prever E.M.B., Bistolfi A., Bracco P., Costa L. UHMWPE for arthroplasty: past or future. J. Orthop. Traumatol. 2009, 10:1-8.
27. De Nicola R.R. Permanent artificial (silicone) urethra. J. Urol. 1950, 63:168-172.
28. Desai S.M., Solanky S.S., Mandale A.B., Rathore K., Singh R.P. Controlled grafting of N-isopropyl acrylamide brushes onto self-standing isotactic polypropylene thin films: surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Polymer 2003, 44:7645-7649.
29. DiMaio F.R. The science of bone cement: a historical review. Orthopedics 2002, 25:1399-1407.
30. Friedman R.M. Silicon Breast Implants 2010, [Online]. Available:. http://www.plasticsurgerydallas.com/blog/which-should-i-choose-saline-breast-implants-or-silicone-gel-breast-implants/.
31. Gautam R., Singh R.D., Sharma V.P., Siddhartha R., Chand P., Kumar R. Biocompatibility of polymethylmethacrylate resins used in dentistry. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 2012, 100B:1444-1450.
32. Gomathi N., Rajasekar R., Babu R.R., Mishra D., Neogi S. Development of bio/blood compatible polypropylene through low pressure nitrogen plasma surface modification. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2012, 32:1767-1778.
33. Grant D.N., Benson J., Cozad M.J., Whelove O.E., Bachman S.L., Ramshaw B.J., Grant D.A., Grant S.A. Conjugation of gold nanoparticles to polypropylene mesh for enhanced biocompatibility. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2011, 22:2803-2812.
34. Gunatillake P.A., Martin D.J., Meijs G.F., Mccarthy S.J., Adhikari R. Designing biostable polyurethane elastomers for biomedical implants. Aust. J. Chem. 2003, 56:545-557.
35. Gupta B., Saxena S., Ray A. Plasma induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polypropylene monofilament. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 107:324-330.
36. Hamdan S., Swallowe G.M. Strain rate and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of polyetherketone polyetheretherketone. J. Mater. Sci. 1996, 31:1415-1423.
37. ChemTec Publishing 2012, 482. Handbook of Polymer, Copyright.
38. Hazer D.B., Kilicay E., Hazer B. Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s: diversification and biomedical applications. A state of the art review. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2012, 32:637-647.
39. Hendel G., Garti A., Al E. Fracture of the central polyethylene tibial spine in posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty 2003, 15:672-674.
40. Hunter A., Archer C.W., Walker P.S., Blunn G.W. Attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on biomaterials for orthopedic use. Biomaterials 1995, 16:635-646.
41. Jaeblon T. Polymethylmethacrylate: properties and contemporary uses in orthopaedics. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 2010, 18:297-305.
42. Kaneeda T., Utsumi M., Watanabe E., Aspe Effects of gamma irradiation and accelerated aging on wear properties of UHMWPE artificial joint. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Precision Engineering 1999, 167-170.
43. Kenny S.M., Buggy M. Bone cements and fillers: a review. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2003, 14:923-938.
44. Klosterhalfen B., Junge K., Klinge U. The lightweight and large porous mesh concept for hernia repair. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 2005, 2:103-117.
45. Kuehn K.D., Ege W., Gopp U. Acrylic bone cements: composition and properties. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 2005, 36:17-28.
46. Kuhn K.-D. Bone Cements 2000, Springer Valley, Heidelberg, Germany.
47. Kumakura T., Puppulin L., Yamamoto K., Takahashi Y., Pezzotti G. In-depth oxidation and strain profiles in UHMWPE acetabular cups non-destructively studied by confocal Raman microprobe spectroscopy. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2009, 20:1809-1822.
48. Kurtz S.M. Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylenes (UHMWPE) 2004, Academic Press, London.
49. Kurtz S., Muratoglu O., Mark E., Al E. Advances in the processing, sterilization, and crosslinking of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for total joint arthroplasty. Biomaterials 1999, 20:1659-1688.
50. Kurtz S., Van Ooij A., Al E. Polyethylene wear and rim fracture in total disc arthroplasty. Spine J. 2006, 7:12-21.
51. Kurtz S.M. UHDMWPE Biomaterials Handbook, Chapter2 2009, 7-19. Academic Press, London, UK.
52. Kurtz S.M. PEEK Biomaterials Handbook 2012, William Andrew Publication, Oxford, UK.
53. Kurtz S.M., Devine J.N. PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants. Biomaterials 2007, 28:4845-4869.
54. Kurtz S.M., Hozack W.J., Purtill J.J., Marcolongo M., Kraay M.J., Goldberg V.M., Sharkey P.F., Parvizi J., Rimnac C.M., Edidin A.A. 2006 Otto Aufranc Award paper - significance of in vivo degradation for polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2006, 47-57.
55. Kurtz S.M., Muratoglu O.K., Evans M., Edidin A.A. Advances in the processing, sterilization, and crosslinking of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for total joint arthroplasty. Biomaterials 1999, 20:1659-1688.
56. Kwarteng K.B., Starck C. Carbon fibre reinforced PEEK (APC-2/AS-4) composites for orthopaedic implants. SAMPE Q. 1990, 10-14.
57. Lafay H. A father's last chance invention saves his son 1957, Reader's Digest.
58. Lamba K., Woodhouse K., Coper S.L. Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications 1998, CRC Press, New York.
59. Laredo J.D., Hamze B. Complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and their prevention. Skeletal Radiol. 2004, 33:493-505.
60. Lewis G. Properties of crosslinked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. Biomaterials 2001, 22:371-401.
61. Lewis G. Viscoelastic properties of injectable bone cements for orthopaedic applications: state-of-the-art review. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 2011, 98B:171-191.
62. Li H.M., Fouracre R.A., Given M.J., Banforn H.M., Wysocki S., Karolczak S. Effects on polyetheretherketone and polyether sulfone of electron and gamma irradiation. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. IEEE Trans. 1999, 6:295-303.
63. Lieberman I., Dudeney S., Reinhardt M.-K., Bell G. Initial outcome and efficacy of 'kyphoplasty" in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Spine 2002, 26:1631-1638.
64. Liu Q.Y., Jiang L., Shi R., Zhang L.Q. Synthesis, preparation, in vitro degradation, and application of novel degradable bioelastomers-a review. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012, 37:715-765.
65. Livermore C., Voldman J. Design and Fabrication of Microelectromechanical Devices Material Property Database, 2004 2004, [cit 14.05.2013].
66. Majercik S., Tsikitis V., Iannitti D.A. Strength and tissue attachment to mesh after ventral hernia repair with synthetic composite mesh in a porcine model. Surg. Endosc. 2006, 20:1671-1674.
67. Mariconda M., Lotti G., Al E. Fracture of posterior-stabilized tibial insert in a genesis knee prosthesis. J. Arthroplasty 2000, 15:529-530.
68. Martina M., Hutmacher D.W. Biodegradable polymers applied in tissue engineering research: a review. Polym. Int. 2007, 56:145-157.
69. Mata A., Fleischman A.J., Roy S. Biomed. Microdevices 2005, 7:281-293.
70. Mckellop H., Shen F.W., Lu B., Campbell P., Salovey R. Effect of sterilization method and other modifications on the wear resistance of acetabular cups made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene - a hip-simulator study. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 2000, Vol. 82A:1708-1725.
71. Mcmillin C.R. Biomedical applications of rubbers and elastomers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2006, 79:500-519.
72. Medel F.J., Garcia-Alvarez F., Gomez-Barrena E., Puertolas J.A. Microstructure changes of extruded ultra high molecular weight polyethylene after gamma irradiation and shelf-aging. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2005, 88:435-443.
73. Mehmood M.S., Hafeez U., Jahan M.S., Mishra S., Walters B.M., Ikram M. The effect of high dose of gamma-irradiation on residual radicals concentration in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in the presence of vitamin E. Polym. Sci. Ser. A 2012, 54:343-348.
74. Meintjes J., Yan S., Zhou L., Zheng S.S., Zheng M.H. Synthetic, biological and composite scaffolds for abdominal wall reconstruction. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 2011, 8:275-288.
75. Nair L.S., Laurencin C.T. Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2007, 32:762-798.
76. Nayak R., Kyratzis I.L., Truong Y.B., Padhye R., Arnold L., Peeters G., Nichols L., O'shea M. Fabrication and characterisation of nanofibres by meltblowing and melt electrospinning. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Pts 1-4 2012, W.Z. Chen, X.P. Xu, P.Q. Dai, Y.L. Chen (Eds.).
77. Noll W. Chemistry and Technology of Silicones 1968, New York.
78. Ojha U., Kulkarni P., Faust R. Syntheses and characterization of novel biostable polyisobutylene based thermoplastic polyurethanes. Polymer 2009, 50:3448-3457.
79. Ortel G. Polyurethane Handbook 1994, Hanser Gardner, Berlin.
80. Petillo O., Peluso G., Ambrosio L., Nicolais L., Kao W.J., Anderson J.M. In vivo induction of macrophage Ia antigen (MHC Class II) expression by biomedical polymers in the cage implant system. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1994, 28:635-646.
81. Pinchuk L. A review of the biostability and carcinogenicity of polyurethanes in medicine and the new generation of biostable polyurethanes. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 1995, 6:225-267.
82. Place E.S., George J.H., Williams C.K., Stevens M.M. Synthetic polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38:1139-1151.
83. Pruitt L.A. Deformation, yielding, fracture and fatigue behavior of conventional and highly cross-linked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Biomaterials 2005, 26:905-915.
84. Rae P.J., Brown E.N., Orler E.B. The mechanical properties of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) with emphasis on the large compressive strain response. Polymer 2007, 48:598-615.
85. Sanders D.L., Kingsnorth A.N. Prosthetic mesh materials used in hernia surgery. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 2012, 9:159-179.
86. Santerre J.P., Woodhouse K., Laroche G., Labow R.S. Understanding the biodegradation of polyurethanes: from classical implants to tissue engineering materials. Biomaterials 2005, 26:7457-7470.
87. Santerre P., Duguay D., Labow R., Brash J. Interaction of hydrolytic enzymes at an aqueous-polyurethane interface. Proteins at interfaces II. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 352-370.
88. Saxena S., Ray A.R., Kapil A., Pavon-Djavid G., Letourneur D., Gupta B., Meddahi-Pelle A. Development of a new polypropylene-based suture: plasma grafting, surface treatment, characterization, and biocompatibility studies. Macromol. Biosci. 2011, 11:373-382.
89. Scotchford C.A., Garle M.J., Batchelor J., Bradley J., Grant D.M. Use of a novel carbon fibre composite material for the femoral stem component of a THR system: in vitro biological assessment. Biomaterials 2003, 24:4871-4879.
90. Shibata N., Tomita N. The anti-oxidative properties of alpha-tocopherol in gamma-irradiated UHMWPE with respect to fatigue and oxidation resistance. Biomaterials 2005, 26:5755-5762.
91. Simmons A., Hyvarinen J., Poole-Warren L. The effect of sterilisation on a poly(dimethylsiloxane)/poly(hexamethylene oxide) mixed macrodiol-based polyurethane elastomer. Biomaterials 2006, 27:4484-4497.
92. Skinner H.B. Composite technology for total hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1988, 235:224-236.
93. Sobieraj M.C., Rimnac C.M. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene: mechanics, morphology, and clinical behavior. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2009, 2:433-443.
94. Song L.J., Zhao J., Yang H.W., Jin J., Li X.M., Stagnaro P., Yin J.H. Biocompatibility of polypropylene non-woven fabric membrane via UV-induced graft polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011, 258:425-430.
95. Speckhard T., Ver Strate G., Gibson P., Sl C. Properties of polyisobutylene-polyurethane block copolymers: I. Macroglycols from ozonolysis of isobutylene copolymer. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1983, 23:337-349.
96. Stokes K., Mcvennes R. Polyurethane elastomer biostability. J. Biomater. Appl. 1995, 9:321-335.
97. Sugano N., Saito A., Yamamoto T., Nishii T., Yau S.S., Wang A. Analysis of a retrieved UHMWPE acetabular cup crosslinked in air with 1000 kGy of gamma radiation. J. Orthop. Res. 2004, 22:828-831.
98. Szycher M., Reed A.M., Soc Plast Engineers, I.N.C. Medical-grade polyurethanes: a critical review. Antec '96: Plastics - Racing into the Future, Vols I-III: Vol I: Processing; Vol II: Materials; Vol III: Spacial Areas 1996, 42:2758-2766.
99. Takahara A., Coury A., Hergenrother R., Cooper S. Effect of soft segment chemistry on the biostability of segmented polyurethanes. I. In vitro oxidation. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1991, 25:341-356.
100. Toth J.M. Biocompatibility of Polyaryletheretherketone Polymers 2012, Elsevier Inc.
101. Ulery B.D., Nair L.S., Laurencin C.T. Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 2011, 49:832-864.
102. Vallittu P.K., Ruyter I.E., Buykuilmaz S. Effect of polymerization temperature and time on the residual monomer content of denture base polymers. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 1998, 106:588-593.
103. Ward R., Anderson J., Mcvenes R., Stokes K. In vivo biostability of polysiloxane polyether polyurethanes: resistance to biologic oxidation and stress cracking. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2006, 77A:580-589.
104. Ward R., Anderson J., Mcvenes R., Stokes K. In vivo biostability of shore 55D polyether polyurethanes with and without fluoropolymer surface modifying endgroups. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2006, 79A:836-845.
105. Wenz L.M., Merritt K., Brown S.A., Moet A., Steffe A.D. In vitro biocompatibility of polyetheretherketone and polysulfone composites. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1990, 24:207-215.
106. Wheatley D.J., Bernacca G.M., Tolland M.M., O'connor B., Fisher J., Williams D.F. Hydrodynamic function of a biostable polyurethane flexible heart valve after six months in sheep. Int. J. Artif. Organs 2001, 24:95-101.
107. Wheatley D.J., Raco L., Bernacca G.M., Sim I., Belcher P.R., Boyd J.S. Polyurethane: material for the next generation of heart valve prostheses?. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2000, 17:440-447.
108. Williams D.F. Revisiting the definition of biocompatibility. Med. Device Technol. 2003, 14:10-13.
109. Williams D.F., Mcnmara A., Turner R.M. Potential of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and carbon-fibre-reinforced PEEK in medical applications. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 1987, 6:188-190.
110. Wolf C., Maninger J., Lederer K., Fruhwirth-Smounig H., Gamse T., Marr R. Stabilisation of crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE)-acetabular components with alpha-tocopherol. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2006, 17:1323-1331.
111. Xiong D., Ma R., Lin J., Wang N., Jin Z.M. Tribological properties and structure of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene after gamma irradiation. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol. 2007, 221:315-320.
112. Xiong L., Xiong D.S. The influence of irradiation dose on mechanical properties and wear resistance of molded and extruded ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2012, 9:73-82.
113. Yang Q., Xu Z.K., Dai Z.W., Wang J.L., Ulbricht M. Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membranes with a novel glycopolymer. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17:3050-3058.
114. 3 redox system. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2012, 32:1785-1789.
115. Zhao J., Shi Q.A., Luan S.F., Song L.J., Yang H.W., Shi H.C., Jin J., Li X.L., Yin J.H., Stagnaro P. Improved biocompatibility and antifouling property of polypropylene non-woven fabric membrane by surface grafting zwitterionic polymer. J. Membr. Sci. 2011, 369:5-12.
116. Zimmer Vitamin E Containing UHMWPE in Continuum Acetabular Shell System (Vivacit) 2012, Zimmer, Inc. http://www.zimmer.com/content/pdf/en-US/zimmer_continuum_acetabular_system_with_vivacit-e_surgical_technique.pdf.