메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 230-241

Beyond Tsetse - Implications for Research and Control of Human African Trypanosomiasis Epidemics

Author keywords

Epidemics; Epigenetics; Famine; HAT; Sleeping sickness; Tsetse

Indexed keywords

PENTAMIDINE;

EID: 84960081288     PISSN: 14714922     EISSN: 14715007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 40349116310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the duration of the early and late stage of gambiense sleeping sickness
    • Checchi F., et al. Estimates of the duration of the early and late stage of gambiense sleeping sickness. BMC Infect. Dis. 2008, 8:16.
    • (2008) BMC Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 16
    • Checchi, F.1
  • 2
    • 0031395065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of symptoms and case fatality of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Tororo, Uganda
    • Odiit M., et al. Duration of symptoms and case fatality of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Tororo, Uganda. East Afr. Med. J. 1997, 74:792-795.
    • (1997) East Afr. Med. J. , vol.74 , pp. 792-795
    • Odiit, M.1
  • 3
    • 84869068830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness
    • Simarro P.P., et al. Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6:e1859.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. e1859
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 4
    • 0035204402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness: a tale of two diseases
    • Welburn S.C., et al. Sleeping sickness: a tale of two diseases. Trends Parasitol. 2001, 17:19-24.
    • (2001) Trends Parasitol. , vol.17 , pp. 19-24
    • Welburn, S.C.1
  • 5
    • 84905650910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Franco J.R., et al. Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis. Clin. Epidemiol. 2014, 6:257-275.
    • (2014) Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.6 , pp. 257-275
    • Franco, J.R.1
  • 6
    • 79952459914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human African trypanosomiasis control and surveillance programme of the World Health Organization 2000-2009: the way forward
    • Simarro P.P., et al. The human African trypanosomiasis control and surveillance programme of the World Health Organization 2000-2009: the way forward. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2011, 5:e1007.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5 , pp. e1007
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 7
    • 84930479460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for human African trypanosomiasis, Central Africa, 2000-2009
    • Simarro P.P., et al. Risk for human African trypanosomiasis, Central Africa, 2000-2009. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011, 17:2322-2324.
    • (2011) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.17 , pp. 2322-2324
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 8
    • 84934764381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis
    • Simarro P.P., et al. Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9:e0003785.
    • (2015) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. e0003785
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 10
    • 77958530651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: a contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases
    • Simarro P.P., et al. The atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: a contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases. Int. J. Health. Geogr. 2010, 9:57.
    • (2010) Int. J. Health. Geogr. , vol.9 , pp. 57
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 11
    • 78650697136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian geostatistical analysis and prediction of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis
    • Wardrop N., et al. Bayesian geostatistical analysis and prediction of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2010, 4:e914.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.4 , pp. e914
    • Wardrop, N.1
  • 12
    • 41849139960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness in West Africa (1906-2006): changes in spatial repartition and lessons from the past
    • Courtin F., et al. Sleeping sickness in West Africa (1906-2006): changes in spatial repartition and lessons from the past. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2008, 13:334-344.
    • (2008) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.13 , pp. 334-344
    • Courtin, F.1
  • 13
    • 57549104676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsetse flies: genetics, evolution, and role as vectors
    • Krafsur E.S. Tsetse flies: genetics, evolution, and role as vectors. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2009, 9:124-141.
    • (2009) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 124-141
    • Krafsur, E.S.1
  • 14
    • 84922956091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving the world's most dangerous animal
    • Weetman D., Clarkson C.S. Evolving the world's most dangerous animal. Trends Parasitol. 2015, 31:39-40.
    • (2015) Trends Parasitol. , vol.31 , pp. 39-40
    • Weetman, D.1    Clarkson, C.S.2
  • 15
    • 0028167943 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological relationships of Trypanosoma brucei stocks from southeast Uganda: evidence for different population structures in human infective and non-human infective isolates
    • Hide G., et al. Epidemiological relationships of Trypanosoma brucei stocks from southeast Uganda: evidence for different population structures in human infective and non-human infective isolates. Parasitology 1994, 109:95-111.
    • (1994) Parasitology , vol.109 , pp. 95-111
    • Hide, G.1
  • 16
    • 0022635779 scopus 로고
    • Extrachromosomal inheritance of susceptibility to trypanosome infection in tsetse flies. II. Susceptibility of selected lines of Glossina morsitans morsitans to different stocks and species of trypanosome
    • Maudlin I., et al. Extrachromosomal inheritance of susceptibility to trypanosome infection in tsetse flies. II. Susceptibility of selected lines of Glossina morsitans morsitans to different stocks and species of trypanosome. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 1986, 80:97-105.
    • (1986) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.80 , pp. 97-105
    • Maudlin, I.1
  • 17
    • 70450223342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the pleomorphism of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates in mouse: impact on its transmissibility to Glossina palpalis gambiensis
    • Janelle J., et al. Monitoring the pleomorphism of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates in mouse: impact on its transmissibility to Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2009, 9:1260-1264.
    • (2009) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 1260-1264
    • Janelle, J.1
  • 18
    • 33751509633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclical transmission of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Glossina palpalis gambiensis displays great differences among field isolates
    • Ravel S., et al. Cyclical transmission of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Glossina palpalis gambiensis displays great differences among field isolates. Acta Trop. 2006, 100:151-155.
    • (2006) Acta Trop. , vol.100 , pp. 151-155
    • Ravel, S.1
  • 19
    • 84862651759 scopus 로고
    • On the transmissibility by Glossina of Trypanosoma brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense with special reference to old laboratory strains
    • Duke H.L. On the transmissibility by Glossina of Trypanosoma brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense with special reference to old laboratory strains. Parasitology 1934, 26:153-162.
    • (1934) Parasitology , vol.26 , pp. 153-162
    • Duke, H.L.1
  • 20
    • 84873798562 scopus 로고
    • Observations on trypanosomiasis in the Belgian Congo
    • Van Hoof L.M.J.J. Observations on trypanosomiasis in the Belgian Congo. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1947, 40:727-761.
    • (1947) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.40 , pp. 727-761
    • Van Hoof, L.M.J.J.1
  • 21
    • 84959725342 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosome infection rates in Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newst. in Northern Nigeria
    • Jordan A.M. Trypanosome infection rates in Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newst. in Northern Nigeria. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1964, 55:219-231.
    • (1964) Bull. Entomol. Res. , vol.55 , pp. 219-231
    • Jordan, A.M.1
  • 22
    • 79952471835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography and taxonomy of Trypanosoma brucei
    • Balmer O., et al. Phylogeography and taxonomy of Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2011, 5:e961.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5 , pp. e961
    • Balmer, O.1
  • 23
    • 10644270853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed infections of trypanosomes in tsetse and pigs and their epidemiological significance in a sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire
    • Jamonneau V., et al. Mixed infections of trypanosomes in tsetse and pigs and their epidemiological significance in a sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. Parasitology 2004, 129:693-702.
    • (2004) Parasitology , vol.129 , pp. 693-702
    • Jamonneau, V.1
  • 24
    • 77955272289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsetse fly blood meal modification and trypanosome identification in two sleeping sickness foci in the forest of southern Cameroon
    • Farikou O., et al. Tsetse fly blood meal modification and trypanosome identification in two sleeping sickness foci in the forest of southern Cameroon. Acta Trop. 2010, 116:81-88.
    • (2010) Acta Trop. , vol.116 , pp. 81-88
    • Farikou, O.1
  • 25
    • 79955974636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological aspects of the transmission of the parasites causing human African trypanosomiasis in Angola
    • Truc P., et al. Epidemiological aspects of the transmission of the parasites causing human African trypanosomiasis in Angola. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 2011, 105:261-265.
    • (2011) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.105 , pp. 261-265
    • Truc, P.1
  • 26
    • 84872024284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of sleeping sickness in Boffa (Guinea): where are the trypanosomes?
    • Kagbadouno M.S., et al. Epidemiology of sleeping sickness in Boffa (Guinea): where are the trypanosomes?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6:e1949.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. e1949
    • Kagbadouno, M.S.1
  • 27
    • 84883728096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a suburban sleeping sickness in Libreville?
    • Tongué K.L., et al. Is there a suburban sleeping sickness in Libreville?. Afr. Health Sci. 2013, 13:266-269.
    • (2013) Afr. Health Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 266-269
    • Tongué, K.L.1
  • 28
    • 84946045201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetics and reproductive strategies of African trypanosomes: revisiting available published data
    • Koffi M., et al. Population genetics and reproductive strategies of African trypanosomes: revisiting available published data. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9:e0003985.
    • (2015) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. e0003985
    • Koffi, M.1
  • 29
    • 0006799868 scopus 로고
    • Further report on sleeping sickness in Uganda
    • Bruce D., et al. Further report on sleeping sickness in Uganda. Rep. Sleep Sickness Comm. R. Soc. 1903, 4:1-87.
    • (1903) Rep. Sleep Sickness Comm. R. Soc. , vol.4 , pp. 1-87
    • Bruce, D.1
  • 30
    • 0010652785 scopus 로고
    • Note on a Trypanosoma occurring in the blood of man
    • Dutton J.E. Note on a Trypanosoma occurring in the blood of man. BMJ 1902, ii:881-884.
    • (1902) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 881-884
    • Dutton, J.E.1
  • 31
    • 1842536772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda
    • Fèvre E.M., et al. Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004, 10:567-573.
    • (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 567-573
    • Fèvre, E.M.1
  • 32
    • 39849096916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating human African trypanosomiasis: where do we stand and what comes next?
    • Simarro P.P., et al. Eliminating human African trypanosomiasis: where do we stand and what comes next?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2008, 5:e55.
    • (2008) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5 , pp. e55
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 33
    • 2442646334 scopus 로고
    • A survey of sleeping sickness in Northern Nigeria from the earliest times to the present day
    • Duggan A.J. A survey of sleeping sickness in Northern Nigeria from the earliest times to the present day. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1962, 56:439-480.
    • (1962) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.56 , pp. 439-480
    • Duggan, A.J.1
  • 35
    • 33644988037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'impact de la guerre sur l'evolution de la THA dans le centre-ouest de la Cote d'Ivoire
    • Kaba D., et al. L'impact de la guerre sur l'evolution de la THA dans le centre-ouest de la Cote d'Ivoire. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2006, 11:136-143.
    • (2006) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.11 , pp. 136-143
    • Kaba, D.1
  • 36
    • 62949237246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Civil conflict and sleeping sickness in Africa in general and Uganda in particular
    • Berrang Ford L. Civil conflict and sleeping sickness in Africa in general and Uganda in particular. Confl. Health 2007, 1:6.
    • (2007) Confl. Health , vol.1 , pp. 6
    • Berrang Ford, L.1
  • 37
    • 79953015791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict and human African trypanosomiasis
    • Berrang-Ford L., et al. Conflict and human African trypanosomiasis. Soc. Sci. Med. 2011, 72:398-407.
    • (2011) Soc. Sci. Med. , vol.72 , pp. 398-407
    • Berrang-Ford, L.1
  • 38
    • 0034993250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan
    • Moore A., Richer M. Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2001, 6:342-347.
    • (2001) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.6 , pp. 342-347
    • Moore, A.1    Richer, M.2
  • 39
    • 0029016473 scopus 로고
    • The 1901 Uganda sleeping sickness epidemic revisited - a case of mistaken identity?
    • Koerner T., et al. The 1901 Uganda sleeping sickness epidemic revisited - a case of mistaken identity?. Parasit. Today 1995, 11:303-306.
    • (1995) Parasit. Today , vol.11 , pp. 303-306
    • Koerner, T.1
  • 40
    • 84873519819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying transmission cycles at the human-animal interface: the role of animal reservoirs in maintaining Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis
    • Funk S., et al. Identifying transmission cycles at the human-animal interface: the role of animal reservoirs in maintaining Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2013, 9:e1002855.
    • (2013) PLoS Comput. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. e1002855
    • Funk, S.1
  • 41
    • 84863643254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untreated human infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are not 100% fatal
    • Jamonneau V., et al. Untreated human infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are not 100% fatal. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6:e1691.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. e1691
    • Jamonneau, V.1
  • 42
    • 50349120813 scopus 로고
    • The control of sleeping sickness in Nigeria
    • McLetchie J.L. The control of sleeping sickness in Nigeria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1948, 41:445-480.
    • (1948) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.41 , pp. 445-480
    • McLetchie, J.L.1
  • 43
    • 33748711947 scopus 로고
    • Planning the control of sleeping sickness
    • Morris K.R.S. Planning the control of sleeping sickness. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1949, 43:165-198.
    • (1949) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.43 , pp. 165-198
    • Morris, K.R.S.1
  • 44
    • 28244443007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness in Uganda: a thin line between two fatal diseases
    • Picozzi K., et al. Sleeping sickness in Uganda: a thin line between two fatal diseases. BMJ 2005, 331:1238-1241.
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.331 , pp. 1238-1241
    • Picozzi, K.1
  • 45
    • 79960408016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human host determinants influencing the outcome of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections
    • Bucheton B., et al. Human host determinants influencing the outcome of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections. Parasite Immunol. 2011, 33:438-447.
    • (2011) Parasite Immunol. , vol.33 , pp. 438-447
    • Bucheton, B.1
  • 46
    • 84876739629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-G 3' UTR-2 haplotype is associated with human African trypanosomiasis susceptibility
    • Courtin D., et al. HLA-G 3' UTR-2 haplotype is associated with human African trypanosomiasis susceptibility. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2013, 17:1-7.
    • (2013) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1-7
    • Courtin, D.1
  • 47
    • 0035653671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of susceptibility to human infectious diseases
    • Cooke G.S., Hill A.V.S. Genetics of susceptibility to human infectious diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2001, 2:967-977.
    • (2001) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 967-977
    • Cooke, G.S.1    Hill, A.V.S.2
  • 48
    • 34247856166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genetic diversity and the epidemiology of parasitic and other transmissible diseases
    • Tibayrenc M. Human genetic diversity and the epidemiology of parasitic and other transmissible diseases. Adv. Parasitol. 2007, 64:377-422.
    • (2007) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.64 , pp. 377-422
    • Tibayrenc, M.1
  • 49
    • 79960428263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First evidence that parasite infecting apparent aparasitemic serological suspects in human African trypanosomiasis are Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and are similar to those found in patients
    • Kaboré J., et al. First evidence that parasite infecting apparent aparasitemic serological suspects in human African trypanosomiasis are Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and are similar to those found in patients. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2011, 11:1250-1255.
    • (2011) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 1250-1255
    • Kaboré, J.1
  • 50
    • 84855644493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latent Trypanosoma brucei gambiense foci in Uganda: a silent epidemic in children and adults?
    • Wastling S.L., et al. Latent Trypanosoma brucei gambiense foci in Uganda: a silent epidemic in children and adults?. Parasitology 2011, 138:1480-1487.
    • (2011) Parasitology , vol.138 , pp. 1480-1487
    • Wastling, S.L.1
  • 51
    • 58549098971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the agent of sleeping sickness in Western Africa
    • Koffi M., et al. Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the agent of sleeping sickness in Western Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:209-214.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.106 , pp. 209-214
    • Koffi, M.1
  • 53
    • 84928227088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis presenting at least 29 years after infection - what can this teach us about the pathogenesis and control of this neglected tropical disease?
    • Sudarshi D., et al. Human African trypanosomiasis presenting at least 29 years after infection - what can this teach us about the pathogenesis and control of this neglected tropical disease?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 8:e3349.
    • (2014) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. e3349
    • Sudarshi, D.1
  • 54
    • 0034007310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with Trypanosoma brucei brucei
    • Stoppini L., et al. Infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2000, 290:105-113.
    • (2000) Int. J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.290 , pp. 105-113
    • Stoppini, L.1
  • 55
    • 84863836794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic populations and travellers
    • Blum J.A., et al. Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic populations and travellers. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2012, 31:905-913.
    • (2012) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.31 , pp. 905-913
    • Blum, J.A.1
  • 56
    • 84896791433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis among patients from nonendemic countries - 1902-2012
    • Neuberger A., et al. The changing epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis among patients from nonendemic countries - 1902-2012. PLoS ONE 2014, 9:e88647.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e88647
    • Neuberger, A.1
  • 57
    • 1642452723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible cases of sexual and congenital transmission of sleeping sickness
    • Rocha G., et al. Possible cases of sexual and congenital transmission of sleeping sickness. Lancet 2004, 363:247.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 247
    • Rocha, G.1
  • 58
    • 9244247322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of human African trypanosomiasis in East Africa is associated with geographic location, parasite genotype, and host inflammatory cytokine response profile
    • MacLean L., et al. Severity of human African trypanosomiasis in East Africa is associated with geographic location, parasite genotype, and host inflammatory cytokine response profile. Infect. Immun. 2004, 72:7040-7044.
    • (2004) Infect. Immun. , vol.72 , pp. 7040-7044
    • MacLean, L.1
  • 59
    • 84922662477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A co-evolutionary arms race: trypanosomes shaping the human genome, humans shaping the trypanosome genome
    • Capewell P., et al. A co-evolutionary arms race: trypanosomes shaping the human genome, humans shaping the trypanosome genome. Parasitology 2015, 142(Suppl. 1):S108-S119.
    • (2015) Parasitology , vol.142 , pp. S108-S119
    • Capewell, P.1
  • 60
    • 42649136530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host genetics in African trypanosomiasis
    • Courtin D., et al. Host genetics in African trypanosomiasis. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2008, 8:229-238.
    • (2008) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 229-238
    • Courtin, D.1
  • 61
    • 84884402440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense resistance to human serum
    • Uzureau P., et al. Mechanism of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense resistance to human serum. Nature 2013, 501:430-434.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.501 , pp. 430-434
    • Uzureau, P.1
  • 62
    • 77955646179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans
    • Genovese G., et al. Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans. Science 2010, 329:841-845.
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 841-845
    • Genovese, G.1
  • 63
    • 65249152410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic forcing of persistent drought in West Africa
    • Shanahan T.M., et al. Atlantic forcing of persistent drought in West Africa. Science 2009, 324:377-380.
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 377-380
    • Shanahan, T.M.1
  • 65
    • 77957251147 scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness
    • Christy C. Sleeping sickness. J. R. Afr. Soc. 1903, 3:1-11.
    • (1903) J. R. Afr. Soc. , vol.3 , pp. 1-11
    • Christy, C.1
  • 66
    • 0022276160 scopus 로고
    • From 'Death Camps' to cordon sanitaire: the development of sleeping sickness policy in the Uele District of the Belgian Congo, 1903-1914
    • Lyons M. From 'Death Camps' to cordon sanitaire: the development of sleeping sickness policy in the Uele District of the Belgian Congo, 1903-1914. J. Afr. Hist. 1985, 26:69-91.
    • (1985) J. Afr. Hist. , vol.26 , pp. 69-91
    • Lyons, M.1
  • 67
    • 1442302894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict and kala-azar: determinants of adverse outcomes of kala-azar among patients in southern Sudan
    • Collin S., et al. Conflict and kala-azar: determinants of adverse outcomes of kala-azar among patients in southern Sudan. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2004, 38:612-619.
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.38 , pp. 612-619
    • Collin, S.1
  • 68
    • 84891526596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural phylogeography of the Bantu languages of sub-Saharan Africa
    • Currie T.E., et al. Cultural phylogeography of the Bantu languages of sub-Saharan Africa. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2013, 280:20130695.
    • (2013) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.280 , pp. 20130695
    • Currie, T.E.1
  • 69
    • 33645567296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cladistic analysis of Bantu languages: a new tree based on combined lexical and grammatical data
    • Rexová K., et al. Cladistic analysis of Bantu languages: a new tree based on combined lexical and grammatical data. Naturwissenschaften 2006, 93:189-194.
    • (2006) Naturwissenschaften , vol.93 , pp. 189-194
    • Rexová, K.1
  • 70
    • 79952171953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y-Chromosomal variation in sub-Saharan Africa: insights into the history of Niger-Congo groups
    • De Filippo C., et al. Y-Chromosomal variation in sub-Saharan Africa: insights into the history of Niger-Congo groups. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2011, 28:1255-1269.
    • (2011) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.28 , pp. 1255-1269
    • De Filippo, C.1
  • 71
    • 84875053260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from Y-chromosome analysis for a late exclusively eastern expansion of the Bantu-speaking people
    • Ansari Pour N., et al. Evidence from Y-chromosome analysis for a late exclusively eastern expansion of the Bantu-speaking people. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2013, 21:423-429.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 423-429
    • Ansari Pour, N.1
  • 72
    • 84896125378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis with 7-year incubation period: clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging findings
    • Wengert O., et al. Human African trypanosomiasis with 7-year incubation period: clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging findings. Parasitol. Int. 2014, 63:557-560.
    • (2014) Parasitol. Int. , vol.63 , pp. 557-560
    • Wengert, O.1
  • 73
    • 78650697335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unknown risk of vertical transmission in sleeping sickness - a literature review
    • Lindner A.K., Priotto G. The unknown risk of vertical transmission in sleeping sickness - a literature review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2010, 4:e783.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.4 , pp. e783
    • Lindner, A.K.1    Priotto, G.2
  • 74
    • 33846848122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation and treatment outcome of sleeping sickness in Sudanese pre-school children
    • Eperon G., et al. Clinical presentation and treatment outcome of sleeping sickness in Sudanese pre-school children. Acta Trop. 2007, 101:31-39.
    • (2007) Acta Trop. , vol.101 , pp. 31-39
    • Eperon, G.1
  • 75
    • 0020058357 scopus 로고
    • A 'healthy' carrier of African trypanosomiasis
    • Woodruff A.W., et al. A 'healthy' carrier of African trypanosomiasis. J. Infect. 1982, 5:89-92.
    • (1982) J. Infect. , vol.5 , pp. 89-92
    • Woodruff, A.W.1
  • 76
    • 84863655777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in South Sudan: how can we prevent a new epidemic?
    • Ruiz-Postigo J.A., et al. Human African trypanosomiasis in South Sudan: how can we prevent a new epidemic?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012, 6:e1541.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. e1541
    • Ruiz-Postigo, J.A.1
  • 78
    • 55949137722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans
    • Heijmans B.T., et al. Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105:17046-17049.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.105 , pp. 17046-17049
    • Heijmans, B.T.1
  • 79
    • 84901939496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition, epigenetics, and diseases
    • Jang H., Serra C. Nutrition, epigenetics, and diseases. Clin. Nutr. Res. 2014, 3:1-8.
    • (2014) Clin. Nutr. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 1-8
    • Jang, H.1    Serra, C.2
  • 80
    • 49649092218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life
    • Painter R.C., et al. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life. BJOG 2008, 115:1243-1249.
    • (2008) BJOG , vol.115 , pp. 1243-1249
    • Painter, R.C.1
  • 81
    • 33748424293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early onset of coronary artery disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine
    • Painter R.C., et al. Early onset of coronary artery disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 84:322-327.
    • (2006) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.84 , pp. 322-327
    • Painter, R.C.1
  • 82
    • 33746911576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dutch famine and its long-term consequences for adult health
    • Roseboom T., et al. The Dutch famine and its long-term consequences for adult health. Early Hum. Dev. 2006, 82:485-491.
    • (2006) Early Hum. Dev. , vol.82 , pp. 485-491
    • Roseboom, T.1
  • 83
    • 0029188838 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosomiasis from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the center of north-west Uganda. Evaluation of 5 years of control (1987-1991)
    • Paquet C., et al. Trypanosomiasis from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the center of north-west Uganda. Evaluation of 5 years of control (1987-1991). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 1995, 88:38-41.
    • (1995) Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. , vol.88 , pp. 38-41
    • Paquet, C.1
  • 84
    • 0033730116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gambiense sleeping sickness: re-emerging and soon untreatable?
    • van Nieuwenhove S. Gambiense sleeping sickness: re-emerging and soon untreatable?. Bull. World Health Org. 2000, 78:1283.
    • (2000) Bull. World Health Org. , vol.78 , pp. 1283
    • van Nieuwenhove, S.1
  • 85
    • 0034990047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The situation of sleeping sickness in Angola: a calamity
    • Stanghellini A., Josenando T. The situation of sleeping sickness in Angola: a calamity. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2001, 6:330-334.
    • (2001) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.6 , pp. 330-334
    • Stanghellini, A.1    Josenando, T.2
  • 87
    • 33646271844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in the focus of Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
    • Simarro P.P., et al. The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in the focus of Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2006, 11:36-46.
    • (2006) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.11 , pp. 36-46
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 88
    • 33344467125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crisis, what crisis? Control of Rhodesian sleeping sickness
    • Welburn S.C., et al. Crisis, what crisis? Control of Rhodesian sleeping sickness. Trends Parasitol. 2006, 22:123-128.
    • (2006) Trends Parasitol. , vol.22 , pp. 123-128
    • Welburn, S.C.1
  • 89
    • 33751046852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of aerial spraying to eliminate tsetse from the Okavango Delta of Botswana
    • Kgori P.M., et al. The use of aerial spraying to eliminate tsetse from the Okavango Delta of Botswana. Acta Trop. 2006, 99:184-199.
    • (2006) Acta Trop. , vol.99 , pp. 184-199
    • Kgori, P.M.1
  • 90
    • 0035949118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda
    • Fèvre E.M., et al. The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda. Lancet 2001, 358:625-628.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 625-628
    • Fèvre, E.M.1
  • 91
    • 74549193912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial predictions of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) prevalence in Kaberamaido and Dokolo, two newly affected districts of Uganda
    • Batchelor N.A., et al. Spatial predictions of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) prevalence in Kaberamaido and Dokolo, two newly affected districts of Uganda. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2009, 3:e563.
    • (2009) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.3 , pp. e563
    • Batchelor, N.A.1
  • 92
    • 84888263042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of human African trypanosomiasis epidemiological settings requires fine-tuning control strategies to facilitate disease elimination
    • Simarro P.P., et al. Diversity of human African trypanosomiasis epidemiological settings requires fine-tuning control strategies to facilitate disease elimination. Res. Rep. Trop. Med. 2013, 4:1-6.
    • (2013) Res. Rep. Trop. Med. , vol.4 , pp. 1-6
    • Simarro, P.P.1
  • 93
    • 33947311686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less is more: restricted application of insecticide to cattle to improve the cost and efficacy of tsetse control
    • Torr S.J., et al. Less is more: restricted application of insecticide to cattle to improve the cost and efficacy of tsetse control. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2007, 21:53-64.
    • (2007) Med. Vet. Entomol. , vol.21 , pp. 53-64
    • Torr, S.J.1
  • 94
    • 84920531796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements on restricted insecticide application protocol for control of human and animal African trypanosomiasis in eastern Uganda
    • Muhanguzi D., et al. Improvements on restricted insecticide application protocol for control of human and animal African trypanosomiasis in eastern Uganda. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 8:e3284.
    • (2014) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. e3284
    • Muhanguzi, D.1
  • 95
    • 84960181478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rival armies battle over town shattered by South Sudan war
    • 30 September
    • McConnell T. Rival armies battle over town shattered by South Sudan war. The Times 2014, 30 September.
    • (2014) The Times
    • McConnell, T.1
  • 96
    • 84884960912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination of sleeping sickness hindered by difficult diagnosis
    • Lejon V., et al. Elimination of sleeping sickness hindered by difficult diagnosis. Bull. World Health Organ. 2013, 91:718.
    • (2013) Bull. World Health Organ. , vol.91 , pp. 718
    • Lejon, V.1
  • 97
    • 24744463858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal syphilis screening in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons learned from Tanzania
    • Watson-Jones D., et al. Antenatal syphilis screening in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons learned from Tanzania. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2005, 10:934-943.
    • (2005) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.10 , pp. 934-943
    • Watson-Jones, D.1
  • 98
    • 84930615414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enabling the development and deployment of next generation point-of-care diagnostics
    • Derda R., et al. Enabling the development and deployment of next generation point-of-care diagnostics. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9:e0003676.
    • (2015) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. e0003676
    • Derda, R.1
  • 99
    • 77952523277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular diagnostics for sleeping sickness: what is the benefit for the patient?
    • Deborggraeve S., Büscher P. Molecular diagnostics for sleeping sickness: what is the benefit for the patient?. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2010, 10:433-439.
    • (2010) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 433-439
    • Deborggraeve, S.1    Büscher, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.