메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 257-275

Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis

Author keywords

HAT; Human African trypanosomiasis; Sleeping sickness; Trypanosoma brucei gambiense; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Indexed keywords

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONGO; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GLOSSINA; GLOSSINIDAE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; NONHUMAN; PATHOGEN LOAD; REVIEW; RURAL AREA; SOCIAL ASPECT; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI; TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE; TRYPANOSOMA RHODESIENSE; ZOONOSIS;

EID: 84905650910     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11791349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S39728     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (341)

References (160)
  • 2
    • 73449135758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis
    • Brun R, Blum J, Chappuis F, Burri C. Human African trypanosomiasis. Lancet. 2010; 375(9709): 148-159.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9709 , pp. 148-159
    • Brun, R.1    Blum, J.2    Chappuis, F.3    Burri, C.4
  • 3
    • 0029016473 scopus 로고
    • The 1901 Uganda sleeping sickness epidemic revisited: A case of mistaken identity?
    • Koerner T, De Raadt P, Maudlin I. The 1901 Uganda sleeping sickness epidemic revisited: a case of mistaken identity? Parasitol Today. 1995; 11(8): 303-306.
    • (1995) Parasitol Today , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 303-306
    • Koerner, T.1    De Raadt, P.2    Maudlin, I.3
  • 4
    • 1842536772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda
    • Fèvre EM, Coleman PG, Welburn SC, Maudlin I. Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10(4): 567-573.
    • (2004) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 567-573
    • Fèvre, E.M.1    Coleman, P.G.2    Welburn, S.C.3    Maudlin, I.4
  • 5
    • 0032948929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of sleeping sickness in East Africa
    • Hide G. History of sleeping sickness in East Africa. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12(1): 112-125.
    • (1999) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-125
    • Hide, G.1
  • 6
    • 28244443007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness in Uganda: A thin line between two fatal diseases
    • Picozzi K, Fèvre EM, Odiit M, etal. Sleeping sickness in Uganda: a thin line between two fatal diseases. BMJ. 2005; 331(7527): 1238-1241.
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.331 , Issue.7527 , pp. 1238-1241
    • Picozzi, K.1    Fèvre, E.M.2    Odiit, M.3
  • 7
    • 84863643254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untreated human infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are not 100% fatal
    • Jamonneau V, Ilboudo H, Kaboré J, etal. Untreated human infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are not 100% fatal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(6): e1691.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.6
    • Jamonneau, V.1    Ilboudo, H.2    Kaboré, J.3
  • 8
    • 0031395065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of symptoms and case fatality of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Tororo, Uganda
    • Odiit M, Kansiime F, Enyaru JC. Duration of symptoms and case fatality of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Tororo, Uganda. East Afr Med J. 1997; 74(12): 792-795.
    • (1997) East Afr Med J , vol.74 , Issue.12 , pp. 792-795
    • Odiit, M.1    Kansiime, F.2    Enyaru, J.C.3
  • 11
    • 84855502685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in non-endemic countries (2000-2010)
    • Simarro PP, Franco JR, Cecchi G, etal. Human African trypanosomiasis in non-endemic countries (2000-2010). J Travel Med. 2012; 19(1): 44-53.
    • (2012) J Travel Med , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-53
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Franco, J.R.2    Cecchi, G.3
  • 14
    • 0036912987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The serum resistance-associated gene as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
    • Radwanska M, Chamekh M, Vanhamme L, etal. The serum resistance-associated gene as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002; 67(6): 684-690.
    • (2002) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 684-690
    • Radwanska, M.1    Chamekh, M.2    Vanhamme, L.3
  • 15
    • 0035091543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor-like flagellar pocket glycoprotein specific to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
    • Berberof M, Pérez-Morga D, Pays E. A receptor-like flagellar pocket glycoprotein specific to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2001; 113(1): 127-138.
    • (2001) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-138
    • Berberof, M.1    Pérez-Morga, D.2    Pays, E.3
  • 16
    • 58549098971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the agent of sleeping sickness in Western Africa
    • Koffi M, De Meeûs T, Bucheton B, etal. Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the agent of sleeping sickness in Western Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106(1): 209-214.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 209-214
    • Koffi, M.1    De Meeûs, T.2    Bucheton, B.3
  • 17
    • 0021877040 scopus 로고
    • Developmental cycles and biology of pathogenic trypanosomes
    • Vickerman K. Developmental cycles and biology of pathogenic trypanosomes. Br Med Bull. 1985; 41(2): 105-114.
    • (1985) Br Med Bull , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-114
    • Vickerman, K.1
  • 18
    • 0023790727 scopus 로고
    • Biology of African trypanosomes in the tsetse fly
    • Vickerman K, Tetley L, Hendry KA, Turner CM. Biology of African trypanosomes in the tsetse fly. Biol Cell. 1988; 64(2): 109-119.
    • (1988) Biol Cell , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-119
    • Vickerman, K.1    Tetley, L.2    Hendry, K.A.3    Turner, C.M.4
  • 19
    • 70350029775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heart of darkness: Growth and form of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly
    • Sharma R, Gluenz E, Peacock L, Gibson W, Gull K, Carrington M. The heart of darkness: growth and form of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly. Trends Parasitol. 2009; 25(11): 517-524.
    • (2009) Trends Parasitol , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 517-524
    • Sharma, R.1    Gluenz, E.2    Peacock, L.3    Gibson, W.4    Gull, K.5    Carrington, M.6
  • 20
    • 77956398233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New discoveries in the transmission biology of sleeping sickness parasites: Applying the basics
    • MacGregor P, Matthews KR. New discoveries in the transmission biology of sleeping sickness parasites: applying the basics. J Mol Med (Berl). 2010; 88(9): 865-871.
    • (2010) J Mol Med (Berl) , vol.88 , Issue.9 , pp. 865-871
    • McGregor, P.1    Matthews, K.R.2
  • 21
    • 77957689124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bottlenecks and the Maintenance of Minor Genotypes during the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei
    • Oberle M, Balmer O, Brun R, Roditi I. Bottlenecks and the Maintenance of Minor Genotypes during the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Pathog. 2010; 6(7): e1001023.
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog , vol.6 , Issue.7
    • Oberle, M.1    Balmer, O.2    Brun, R.3    Roditi, I.4
  • 22
    • 84891524748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through the dark continent: African trypanosome development in the tsetse fly
    • Rotureau B, Van Den Abbeele J. Through the dark continent: African trypanosome development in the tsetse fly. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013; 3: 53.1-7.
    • (2013) Front Cell Infect Microbiol , vol.3
    • Rotureau, B.1    Van Den Abbeele, J.2
  • 23
    • 84875550275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flying tryps: Survival and maturation of trypanosomes in tsetse flies
    • Dyer NA, Rose C, Ejeh NO, Acosta-Serrano A. Flying tryps: survival and maturation of trypanosomes in tsetse flies. Trends Parasitol. 2013; 29(4): 188-196.
    • (2013) Trends Parasitol , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 188-196
    • Dyer, N.A.1    Rose, C.2    Ejeh, N.O.3    Acosta-Serrano, A.4
  • 24
    • 48749131672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between trypanosomes and tsetse flies
    • Roditi I, Lehane MJ. Interactions between trypanosomes and tsetse flies. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008; 11: 345-351.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.11 , pp. 345-351
    • Roditi, I.1    Lehane, M.J.2
  • 25
    • 84892789668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meiosis and Haploid Gametes in the Pathogen Trypanosoma brucei
    • Peacock L, Bailey M, Carrington M, Gibson W. Meiosis and Haploid Gametes in the Pathogen Trypanosoma brucei. Curr Biol 2014; 24: 181-186.
    • (2014) Curr Biol , vol.24 , pp. 181-186
    • Peacock, L.1    Bailey, M.2    Carrington, M.3    Gibson, W.4
  • 26
    • 79952744463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the meiotic life cycle stage of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly
    • Peacock L, Ferris V, Sharma R, etal. Identification of the meiotic life cycle stage of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 108(9): 3671-3676.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , Issue.9 , pp. 3671-3676
    • Peacock, L.1    Ferris, V.2    Sharma, R.3
  • 27
    • 35548948114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterisation of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. using microsatellite typing: New perspectives for the molecular epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Koffi M, Solano P, Barnabé C, etal. Genetic characterisation of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. using microsatellite typing: new perspectives for the molecular epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis. Infect Genet Evol. 2007; 7(6): 675-684.
    • (2007) Infect Genet Evol , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 675-684
    • Koffi, M.1    Solano, P.2    Barnabé, C.3
  • 28
    • 0034959637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology and control of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Pépin J, Méda HA. The epidemiology and control of human African trypanosomiasis. Adv Parasitol. 2001; 49: 71-132.
    • (2001) Adv Parasitol , vol.49 , pp. 71-132
    • Pépin, J.1    Méda, H.A.2
  • 29
    • 84861200974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosomal immune evasion, chronicity and transmission: An elegant balancing act
    • MacGregor P, Szöo{double acute}r B, Savill NJ, Matthews KR. Trypanosomal immune evasion, chronicity and transmission: an elegant balancing act. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012; 10(6): 431-438.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 431-438
    • McGregor, P.1    Szöor, B.2    Savill, N.J.3    Matthews, K.R.4
  • 30
    • 1342328134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes: Monitoring progress
    • McCulloch R. Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes: monitoring progress. Trends Parasitol. 2004; 20(3): 117-121.
    • (2004) Trends Parasitol , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 117-121
    • McCulloch, R.1
  • 31
    • 33646054277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The variant surface glycoprotein as a tool for adaptation in African trypanosomes
    • Pays E. The variant surface glycoprotein as a tool for adaptation in African trypanosomes. Microbes Infect. 2006; 8(3): 930-937.
    • (2006) Microbes Infect , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 930-937
    • Pays, E.1
  • 32
    • 4143141923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei: Facts, challenges and mysteries
    • Pays E, Vanhamme L, Pérez-Morga D. Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei: facts, challenges and mysteries. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2004; 7(4): 369-374.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 369-374
    • Pays, E.1    Vanhamme, L.2    Pérez-Morga, D.3
  • 33
    • 22244441812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei
    • Berriman M, Ghedin E, Hertz-Fowler C, etal. The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. Science. 2005; 309(5733): 416-422.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , Issue.5733 , pp. 416-422
    • Berriman, M.1    Ghedin, E.2    Hertz-Fowler, C.3
  • 34
    • 36549074152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cell biology of Trypanosoma brucei differentiation
    • Fenn K, Matthews KR. The cell biology of Trypanosoma brucei differentiation. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2007; 10(6): 539-546.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 539-546
    • Fenn, K.1    Matthews, K.R.2
  • 35
    • 0003583545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control and Surveillance of African Trypanosomiasis
    • World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series 881. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. Control and Surveillance of African Trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series 881. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1998.
    • (1998) Report of a WHO Expert Committee
  • 36
    • 4344670185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis amongst urban residents in Kinshasa: A case-control study
    • Robays J, Ebeja Kadima A, Lutumba P, etal. Human African trypanosomiasis amongst urban residents in Kinshasa: a case-control study. Trop Med Int Health. 2004; 9(8): 869-875.
    • (2004) Trop Med Int Health , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 869-875
    • Robays, J.1    Ebeja Kadima, A.2    Lutumba, P.3
  • 37
    • 0001460489 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of Glossina species in Africa and their natural hosts
    • Moloo SK. The distribution of Glossina species in Africa and their natural hosts. Insect Science and its Application. 1993; 14: 511-527.
    • (1993) Insect Science and its Application , vol.14 , pp. 511-527
    • Moloo, S.K.1
  • 38
    • 18544403293 scopus 로고
    • The discovery in Saudi Arabia of 2 species of tse-tse flies, vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis
    • French
    • Elsen P, Amoudi MA, Leclercq M. [The discovery in Saudi Arabia of 2 species of tse-tse flies, vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis]. Rev Med Liege. 1991; 46(4): 225-231. French.
    • (1991) Rev Med Liege , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 225-231
    • Elsen, P.1    Amoudi, M.A.2    Leclercq, M.3
  • 40
    • 0024712851 scopus 로고
    • A single trypanosome is sufficient to infect a tsetse fly
    • Maudlin I, Welburn SC. A single trypanosome is sufficient to infect a tsetse fly. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1989; 83(4): 431-433.
    • (1989) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 431-433
    • Maudlin, I.1    Welburn, S.C.2
  • 41
    • 48949118032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense transmitted by a single tsetse fly bite in vervet monkeys as a model of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Thuita JK, Kagira JM, Mwangangi D, Matovu E, Turner CM, Masiga D. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense transmitted by a single tsetse fly bite in vervet monkeys as a model of human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008; 2(5): e238.
    • (2008) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.2 , Issue.5
    • Thuita, J.K.1    Kagira, J.M.2    Mwangangi, D.3    Matovu, E.4    Turner, C.M.5    Masiga, D.6
  • 42
    • 0141865563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between tsetse and trypanosomes with implications for the control of trypanosomiasis
    • Aksoy S, Gibson WC, Lehane MJ. Interactions between tsetse and trypanosomes with implications for the control of trypanosomiasis. Adv Parasitol. 2003; 53: 1-83.
    • (2003) Adv Parasitol , vol.53 , pp. 1-83
    • Aksoy, S.1    Gibson, W.C.2    Lehane, M.J.3
  • 43
    • 0027048471 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the teneral state in Glossina and its role in the acquisition of trypanosome infection in tsetse
    • Welburn SC, Maudlin I. The nature of the teneral state in Glossina and its role in the acquisition of trypanosome infection in tsetse. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992; 86(5): 529-536.
    • (1992) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 529-536
    • Welburn, S.C.1    Maudlin, I.2
  • 44
    • 0024924219 scopus 로고
    • The host-oriented behaviour of the tsetse flies (Glossina): The interaction of visual and olfactory stimuli
    • Torr SJ. The host-oriented behaviour of the tsetse flies (Glossina): the interaction of visual and olfactory stimuli. Physiol Entomol. 1989; 14(3): 325-340.
    • (1989) Physiol Entomol , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-340
    • Torr, S.J.1
  • 45
    • 80052418712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do tsetse recognise their hosts? The role of shape in the responses of tsetse (Glossina fuscipes and G. palpalis) to artificial hosts
    • Tirados I, Esterhuizen J, Rayaisse JB, etal. How do tsetse recognise their hosts? The role of shape in the responses of tsetse (Glossina fuscipes and G. palpalis) to artificial hosts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(8): e1226.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.8
    • Tirados, I.1    Esterhuizen, J.2    Rayaisse, J.B.3
  • 46
    • 80052400759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the cost-effectiveness of visual devices for the control of riverine tsetse flies, the major vectors of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Esterhuizen J, Rayaisse JB, Tirados I, etal. Improving the cost-effectiveness of visual devices for the control of riverine tsetse flies, the major vectors of human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(8): e1257.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.8
    • Esterhuizen, J.1    Rayaisse, J.B.2    Tirados, I.3
  • 47
    • 80053445547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an optimal design of target for tsetse control: Comparisons of novel targets for the control of Palpalis group tsetse in West Africa
    • Rayaisse JB, Esterhuizen J, Tirados I, etal. Towards an optimal design of target for tsetse control: comparisons of novel targets for the control of Palpalis group tsetse in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(9): e1332.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.9
    • Rayaisse, J.B.1    Esterhuizen, J.2    Tirados, I.3
  • 48
    • 34249939997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 4-alkyl-substituted analogue of guaiacol shows greater repellency to savannah tsetse (Glossina spp.)
    • Saini RK, Hassanali A. A 4-alkyl-substituted analogue of guaiacol shows greater repellency to savannah tsetse (Glossina spp.). J Chem Ecol. 2007; 33(5): 985-995.
    • (2007) J Chem Ecol , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 985-995
    • Saini, R.K.1    Hassanali, A.2
  • 49
    • 0000070182 scopus 로고
    • The effect of human presence on the behaviour of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera, Glossinidae) near a stationary ox
    • Hargrove JW. The effect of human presence on the behaviour of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera, Glossinidae) near a stationary ox. Bull Entomol Res. 1976; 66(1): 173-178.
    • (1976) Bull Entomol Res , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 173-178
    • Hargrove, J.W.1
  • 50
    • 84866000697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where, when and why do tsetse contact humans? Answers from studies in a national park of Zimbabwe
    • Torr SJ, Chamisa A, Mangwiro TN, Vale GA. Where, when and why do tsetse contact humans? Answers from studies in a national park of Zimbabwe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(8): e1791.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.8
    • Torr, S.J.1    Chamisa, A.2    Mangwiro, T.N.3    Vale, G.A.4
  • 51
    • 77950384241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for the development of odour baits to control the tsetse flies Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis s. l
    • Rayaisse JB, Tirados I, Kaba D, etal. Prospects for the development of odour baits to control the tsetse flies Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis s.l. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010; 4(3): e632.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.4 , Issue.3
    • Rayaisse, J.B.1    Tirados, I.2    Kaba, D.3
  • 52
    • 0033631966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of feeding behavior of Glossina palpalis palpalis in the forest belt of the Ivory Coast: Relation to the prevalence of human African trypanosomiasis
    • French
    • Sané B, Laveissière C, Méda AH. [Diversity of feeding behavior of Glossina palpalis palpalis in the forest belt of the Ivory Coast: relation to the prevalence of human African trypanosomiasis]. Trop Med Int Health. 2000; 5(1): 73-78. French.
    • (2000) Trop Med Int Health , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-78
    • Sané, B.1    Laveissière, C.2    Méda, A.H.3
  • 53
    • 33947311686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less is more: Restricted application of insecticide to cattle to improve the cost and efficacy of tsetse control
    • Torr SJ, Maudlin I, Vale GA. Less is more: restricted application of insecticide to cattle to improve the cost and efficacy of tsetse control. Med Vet Entomol. 2007; 21(1): 53-64.
    • (2007) Med Vet Entomol , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-64
    • Torr, S.J.1    Maudlin, I.2    Vale, G.A.3
  • 55
    • 0002041645 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera, Glossinidae): A review (1970-1981)
    • Challier A. The ecology of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera, Glossinidae): a review (1970-1981). Insect Science and its Application. 1982; 3(2-3): 97-143.
    • (1982) Insect Science and its Application , vol.3 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 97-143
    • Challier, A.1
  • 56
    • 0025990298 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the probability of a single trypanosome infecting a tsetse fly
    • Baker RD. Modelling the probability of a single trypanosome infecting a tsetse fly. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1991; 85(4): 413-415.
    • (1991) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 413-415
    • Baker, R.D.1
  • 57
    • 77956999034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in domestic livestock and tsetse flies from an insular endemic focus (Luba, Equatorial Guinea)
    • Cordon-Obras C, García-Estébanez C, Ndong-Mabale N, etal. Screening of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in domestic livestock and tsetse flies from an insular endemic focus (Luba, Equatorial Guinea). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010; 4(6): e704.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.4 , Issue.6
    • Cordon-Obras, C.1    García-Estébanez, C.2    Ndong-Mabale, N.3
  • 58
    • 84873519819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying transmission cycles at the human-animal interface: The role of animal reservoirs in maintaining gambiense human african trypanosomiasis
    • Funk S, Nishiura H, Heesterbeek H, Edmunds WJ, Checchi F. Identifying transmission cycles at the human-animal interface: the role of animal reservoirs in maintaining gambiense human african trypanosomiasis. PLoS Comput Biol. 2013; 9(1): e1002855.
    • (2013) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.9 , Issue.1
    • Funk, S.1    Nishiura, H.2    Heesterbeek, H.3    Edmunds, W.J.4    Checchi, F.5
  • 59
    • 0020058357 scopus 로고
    • A healthy carrier of African trypanosomiasis
    • Woodruff AW, Evans DA, Owino NO. A healthy carrier of African trypanosomiasis. J Infect. 1982; 5: 89-92.
    • (1982) J Infect , vol.5 , pp. 89-92
    • Woodruff, A.W.1    Evans, D.A.2    Owino, N.O.3
  • 60
    • 78650716553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the immune trypanolysis test to optimise epidemiological surveillance and control of sleeping sickness in West Africa
    • Jamonneau V, Bucheton B, Kaboré J, etal. Revisiting the immune trypanolysis test to optimise epidemiological surveillance and control of sleeping sickness in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010; 4(12): e917.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.4 , Issue.12
    • Jamonneau, V.1    Bucheton, B.2    Kaboré, J.3
  • 61
    • 65549121173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural progression of Gambiense sleeping sickness: What is the evidence?
    • Checchi F, Filipe JA, Barrett MP, Chandramohan D. The natural progression of Gambiense sleeping sickness: what is the evidence? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008; 2(12): e303.
    • (2008) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.2 , Issue.12
    • Checchi, F.1    Filipe, J.A.2    Barrett, M.P.3    Chandramohan, D.4
  • 62
    • 0020388932 scopus 로고
    • Host susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis: Trypanotolerance
    • Murray M, Morrison WI, Whitelaw DD, Host susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis: trypanotolerance. Adv Parasitol. 1982; 21: 1-68.
    • (1982) Adv Parasitol , vol.21 , pp. 1-68
    • Murray, M.1    Morrison, W.I.2    Whitelaw, D.D.3
  • 63
    • 33646342744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bovine trypanotolerance: A natural ability to prevent severe anaemia and haemophagocytic syndrome?
    • Naessens J. Bovine trypanotolerance: A natural ability to prevent severe anaemia and haemophagocytic syndrome? Int J Parasitol. 2006; 36: 521-528.
    • (2006) Int J Parasitol , vol.36 , pp. 521-528
    • Naessens, J.1
  • 64
    • 84873485726 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma gambiense in monkeys and ruminants; prolonged infection, immunity and superinfection
    • Duke HL. Trypanosoma gambiense in monkeys and ruminants; prolonged infection, immunity and superinfection. Parasitology. 1931; 23(3): 325-345.
    • (1931) Parasitology , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-345
    • Duke, H.L.1
  • 65
    • 84873798562 scopus 로고
    • Observations on trypanosomiasis in the Belgian Congo
    • Van Hoof LM. Observations on trypanosomiasis in the Belgian Congo. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1947; 40(6): 728-761.
    • (1947) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 728-761
    • Van Hoof, L.M.1
  • 66
    • 0015733382 scopus 로고
    • Animal reservoirs and Gambian trypanosomiasis
    • Molyneux DH. Animal reservoirs and Gambian trypanosomiasis. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1973; 53(6): 605-618.
    • (1973) Ann Soc Belg Med Trop , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 605-618
    • Molyneux, D.H.1
  • 67
    • 0020328895 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of Gambiense sleeping sickness. Part III. Characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum
    • Mehlitz D, Zillmann U, Scott CM, Godfrey DG. Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of Gambiense sleeping sickness. Part III. Characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum. Tropenmed Parasitol. 1982; 33(2): 113-118.
    • (1982) Tropenmed Parasitol , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-118
    • Mehlitz, D.1    Zillmann, U.2    Scott, C.M.3    Godfrey, D.G.4
  • 68
    • 0024310541 scopus 로고
    • Animal reservoir of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense in Central Africa
    • discussion 212-214. French
    • Kageruka P. [Animal reservoir of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense in Central Africa]. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1989; 69 Suppl 1: 155-163; discussion 212-214. French.
    • (1989) Ann Soc Belg Med Trop , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 155-163
    • Kageruka, P.1
  • 69
    • 0024472080 scopus 로고
    • Animal reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Zaire: Trypanosome infections in two foci in Bas-Zaire
    • French
    • Makumyaviri A, Mehlitz D, Kageruka P, Kazyumba GL, Molisho D. [Animal reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Zaire: trypanosome infections in two foci in Bas-Zaire]. Trop Med Parasitol. 1989; 40(3): 258-262. French.
    • (1989) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 258-262
    • Makumyaviri, A.1    Mehlitz, D.2    Kageruka, P.3    Kazyumba, G.L.4    Molisho, D.5
  • 70
    • 10644270853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed infections of trypanosomes in tsetse and pigs and their epidemiological significance in a sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire
    • Jamonneau V, Ravel S, Koffi M, etal. Mixed infections of trypanosomes in tsetse and pigs and their epidemiological significance in a sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. Parasitology. 2004; 129(Pt 6): 693-702.
    • (2004) Parasitology , vol.129 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 693-702
    • Jamonneau, V.1    Ravel, S.2    Koffi, M.3
  • 71
    • 24144476237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous cure of domestic pigs experimentally infected by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Implications for the control of sleeping sickness
    • Penchenier L, Alhadji D, Bahébéqué S, Simo G, Laveissière C, Cuny G. Spontaneous cure of domestic pigs experimentally infected by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Implications for the control of sleeping sickness. Vet Parasitol. 2005; 133(1): 7-11.
    • (2005) Vet Parasitol , vol.133 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-11
    • Penchenier, L.1    Alhadji, D.2    Bahébéqué, S.3    Simo, G.4    Laveissière, C.5    Cuny, G.6
  • 72
    • 33344466471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild fauna as a probable animal reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Cameroon
    • Njiokou F, Laveissière C, Simo G, etal. Wild fauna as a probable animal reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Cameroon. Infect Genet Evol. 2006; 6(2): 147-153.
    • (2006) Infect Genet Evol , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-153
    • Njiokou, F.1    Laveissière, C.2    Simo, G.3
  • 73
    • 65649150663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in domestic livestock of Kogo and Mbini foci (Equatorial Guinea)
    • Cordon-Obras C, Berzosa P, Ndong-Mabale N, etal. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in domestic livestock of Kogo and Mbini foci (Equatorial Guinea). Trop Med Int Health. 2009; 14(5): 535-541.
    • (2009) Trop Med Int Health , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 535-541
    • Cordon-Obras, C.1    Berzosa, P.2    Ndong-Mabale, N.3
  • 74
    • 77949300274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic animals as potential reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in sleeping sickness foci in Cameroon
    • Njiokou F, Nimpaye H, Simo G, etal. Domestic animals as potential reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in sleeping sickness foci in Cameroon. Parasite. 2010; 17(1): 61-66.
    • (2010) Parasite , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-66
    • Njiokou, F.1    Nimpaye, H.2    Simo, G.3
  • 75
    • 84860688863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent lack of a domestic animal reservoir in Gambiense sleeping sickness in northwest Uganda
    • Balyeidhusa AS, Kironde FA, Enyaru JC. Apparent lack of a domestic animal reservoir in Gambiense sleeping sickness in northwest Uganda. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 187(1-2): 157-167.
    • (2012) Vet Parasitol , vol.187 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 157-167
    • Balyeidhusa, A.S.1    Kironde, F.A.2    Enyaru, J.C.3
  • 76
    • 0019772429 scopus 로고
    • On the persistence of human serum resistance and isoenzyme patterns of Trypanozoon in experimentally infected pigs
    • Schütt ID, Mehlitz D. On the persistence of human serum resistance and isoenzyme patterns of Trypanozoon in experimentally infected pigs. Acta Trop. 1981; 38(4): 367-373.
    • (1981) Acta Trop , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 367-373
    • Schütt, I.D.1    Mehlitz, D.2
  • 77
    • 0029188838 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosomiasis from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the center of north-west Uganda. Evaluation of 5 years of control (1987-1991)
    • French
    • Paquet C, Castilla J, Mbulamberi D, Beaulieu MF, Gastellu Etchegorry MG, Moren A. [Trypanosomiasis from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the center of north-west Uganda. Evaluation of 5 years of control (1987-1991)]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1995; 88(1): 38-41. French.
    • (1995) Bull Soc Pathol Exot , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-41
    • Paquet, C.1    Castilla, J.2    Mbulamberi, D.3    Beaulieu, M.F.4    Gastellu Etchegorry, M.G.5    Moren, A.6
  • 78
    • 84863655777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in South Sudan: How can we prevent a new epidemic?
    • Ruiz-Postigo JA, Franco JR, Lado M, Simarro PP. Human African trypanosomiasis in South Sudan: how can we prevent a new epidemic? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(5): e1541.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.5
    • Ruiz-Postigo, J.A.1    Franco, J.R.2    Lado, M.3    Simarro, P.P.4
  • 79
    • 2442642563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of active population screening and treatment for sleeping sickness control in the Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Robays J, Bilengue MM, Van der Stuyft P, Boelaert M. The effectiveness of active population screening and treatment for sleeping sickness control in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Trop Med Int Health. 2004; 9(5): 542-550.
    • (2004) Trop Med Int Health , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 542-550
    • Robays, J.1    Bilengue, M.M.2    Van der Stuyft, P.3    Boelaert, M.4
  • 80
    • 33646271844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in the focus of Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
    • Simarro PP, Franco JR, Ndongo P, Nguema E, Louis FJ, Jannin J. The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in the focus of Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Trop Med Int Health. 2006; 11(5): 636-646.
    • (2006) Trop Med Int Health , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 636-646
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Franco, J.R.2    Ndongo, P.3    Nguema, E.4    Louis, F.J.5    Jannin, J.6
  • 81
    • 0345268662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic distribution of trypanosomiasis treated in Ivory Coast from 1993 to 2000
    • French
    • Dje NN, Miezan TW, N'guessan P, Brika P, Doua F, Boa F. [Geographic distribution of trypanosomiasis treated in Ivory Coast from 1993 to 2000]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2002; 95(5): 359-361. French.
    • (2002) Bull Soc Pathol Exot , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 359-361
    • Dje, N.N.1    Miezan, T.W.2    N'guessan, P.3    Brika, P.4    Doua, F.5    Boa, F.6
  • 82
    • 0026058005 scopus 로고
    • Reactivation of an old sleeping sickness focus in Mamfe (Cameroon): Epidemiological, immunological and parasitological findings
    • Asonganyi T, Hengy C, Louis JP, Ghogomu NA. Reactivation of an old sleeping sickness focus in Mamfe (Cameroon): epidemiological, immunological and parasitological findings. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1991; 39(1): 55-62.
    • (1991) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-62
    • Asonganyi, T.1    Hengy, C.2    Louis, J.P.3    Ghogomu, N.A.4
  • 83
    • 84864744666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and under-detection of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis during mass screening sessions in Uganda and Sudan
    • Checchi F, Cox AP, Chappuis F, Priotto G, Chandramohan D, Haydon DT. Prevalence and under-detection of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis during mass screening sessions in Uganda and Sudan. Parasit Vectors. 2012; 5: 157.
    • (2012) Parasit Vectors , vol.5 , pp. 157
    • Checchi, F.1    Cox, A.P.2    Chappuis, F.3    Priotto, G.4    Chandramohan, D.5    Haydon, D.T.6
  • 84
    • 77449155243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling sleeping sickness-a review
    • Welburn SC, Maudlin I, Simarro PP. Controlling sleeping sickness-a review. Parasitology. 2009; 136(14): 1943-1949.
    • (2009) Parasitology , vol.136 , Issue.14 , pp. 1943-1949
    • Welburn, S.C.1    Maudlin, I.2    Simarro, P.P.3
  • 85
    • 0030025528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins, dynamics and generation of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense epidemics in East Africa
    • Hide G, Tait A, Maudlin I, Welburn SC. The origins, dynamics and generation of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense epidemics in East Africa. Parasitol Today. 1996; 12(2): 50-55.
    • (1996) Parasitol Today , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 50-55
    • Hide, G.1    Tait, A.2    Maudlin, I.3    Welburn, S.C.4
  • 86
    • 0037738701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic animals as reservoirs for sleeping sickness in three endemic foci in south-eastern Uganda
    • Waiswa C, Olaho-Mukani W, Katunguka-Rwakishaya E. Domestic animals as reservoirs for sleeping sickness in three endemic foci in south-eastern Uganda. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003; 97(2): 149-155.
    • (2003) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-155
    • Waiswa, C.1    Olaho-Mukani, W.2    Katunguka-Rwakishaya, E.3
  • 87
    • 79851480695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with acquisition of human infective and animal infective trypanosome infections in domestic livestock in Western Kenya
    • von Wissmann B, Machila N, Picozzi K, etal. Factors associated with acquisition of human infective and animal infective trypanosome infections in domestic livestock in Western Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(1): e941.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.1
    • von Wissmann, B.1    McHila, N.2    Picozzi, K.3
  • 88
    • 0033014702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei from the monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus) in an endemic focus of Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Kenya
    • Njagu Z, Mihok S, Kokwaro E, Verloo D. Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei from the monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus) in an endemic focus of Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Kenya. Acta Trop. 1999; 72(2): 137-148.
    • (1999) Acta Trop , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-148
    • Njagu, Z.1    Mihok, S.2    Kokwaro, E.3    Verloo, D.4
  • 90
    • 0035894573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human-infective trypanosomes in animal reservoir of sleeping sickness in Uganda by means of serum-resistance-associated (SRA) gene
    • Welburn SC, Picozzi K, Fèvre EM, etal. Identification of human-infective trypanosomes in animal reservoir of sleeping sickness in Uganda by means of serum-resistance-associated (SRA) gene. Lancet. 2001; 358(9298): 2017-2019.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9298 , pp. 2017-2019
    • Welburn, S.C.1    Picozzi, K.2    Fèvre, E.M.3
  • 91
    • 0024466374 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense by Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)
    • Roberts LW, Wellde BT, Reardon MJ, Onyango FK. Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense by Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1989; 83 Suppl 1: 127-131.
    • (1989) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 127-131
    • Roberts, L.W.1    Wellde, B.T.2    Reardon, M.J.3    Onyango, F.K.4
  • 92
    • 0018395807 scopus 로고
    • Some new cases of congenital human African trypanosomiasis (T. gambiense)
    • French
    • Sina G, Testa G, Triolo N, Trova P, Cramet B. [Some new cases of congenital human African trypanosomiasis (T. gambiense)]. Med Trop (Mars). 1979; 39(1): 57-63. French.
    • (1979) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-63
    • Sina, G.1    Testa, G.2    Triolo, N.3    Trova, P.4    Cramet, B.5
  • 93
    • 0017841299 scopus 로고
    • Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma gambiense
    • Kazyumba L, Wery M, Ruppol JF. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma gambiense. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1978; 58(1): 65-66.
    • (1978) Ann Soc Belg Med Trop , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-66
    • Kazyumba, L.1    Wery, M.2    Ruppol, J.F.3
  • 94
    • 78650697335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unknown risk of vertical transmission in sleeping sickness-a literature review
    • Lindner AK, Priotto G. The unknown risk of vertical transmission in sleeping sickness-a literature review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010; 4(12): e783.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.4 , Issue.12
    • Lindner, A.K.1    Priotto, G.2
  • 95
    • 0034756733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory-acquired parasitic infections from accidental exposures
    • Herwaldt BL. Laboratory-acquired parasitic infections from accidental exposures. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14(4): 659-688.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 659-688
    • Herwaldt, B.L.1
  • 96
    • 0018563721 scopus 로고
    • Some transfusion-induced parasitic infections in Zambia
    • Hira PR, Husein SF. Some transfusion-induced parasitic infections in Zambia. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1979; 23(4): 436-444.
    • (1979) J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-444
    • Hira, P.R.1    Husein, S.F.2
  • 97
    • 38549148710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of tropical and geographically restricted infections during solid-organ transplantation
    • Martín-Dávila P, Fortún J, López-Vélez R, etal. Transmission of tropical and geographically restricted infections during solid-organ transplantation. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008; 21(1): 60-96.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-96
    • Martín-Dávila, P.1    Fortún, J.2    López-Vélez, R.3
  • 98
    • 1642452723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible cases of sexual and congenital transmission of sleeping sickness
    • Rocha G, Martins A, Gama G, Brandão F, Atouguia J. Possible cases of sexual and congenital transmission of sleeping sickness. Lancet. 2004; 363(9404): 247.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9404 , pp. 247
    • Rocha, G.1    Martins, A.2    Gama, G.3    Brandão, F.4    Atouguia, J.5
  • 99
    • 0041971084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for human African trypanosomiasis in the Bipindi region of Cameroon
    • French
    • Grebaut P, Bodo JM, Assona A, etal. [Risk factors for human African trypanosomiasis in the Bipindi region of Cameroon]. Med Trop (Mars). 2001; 61(4-5): 377-383. French.
    • (2001) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.61 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 377-383
    • Grebaut, P.1    Bodo, J.M.2    Assona, A.3
  • 102
    • 0020443731 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of infection by T. brucei gambiense in a population of Bandundu in the Republic of Zaire
    • French
    • Henry MC, Ruppol JF, Bruneel H. [Distribution of infection by T. brucei gambiense in a population of Bandundu in the Republic of Zaire]. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1982; 62(4): 301-313. French.
    • (1982) Ann Soc Belg Med Trop , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-313
    • Henry, M.C.1    Ruppol, J.F.2    Bruneel, H.3
  • 103
    • 77954741584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geographical approach to identify sleeping sickness risk factors in a mangrove ecosystem
    • Courtin F, Jamonneau V, Camara M, etal. A geographical approach to identify sleeping sickness risk factors in a mangrove ecosystem. Trop Med Int Health. 2010; 15(8): 881-889.
    • (2010) Trop Med Int Health , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 881-889
    • Courtin, F.1    Jamonneau, V.2    Camara, M.3
  • 104
    • 0027262267 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for human African trypanosomiasis in the endemic foci of Ivory Coast
    • French
    • Meda AH, Laveissiere C, De Muynck A, Doua F, Diallo PB. [Risk factors for human African trypanosomiasis in the endemic foci of Ivory Coast]. Med Trop (Mars). 1993; 53(1): 83-92. French.
    • (1993) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-92
    • Meda, A.H.1    Laveissiere, C.2    De Muynck, A.3    Doua, F.4    Diallo, P.B.5
  • 105
    • 0032907030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of urbanization on transmission of human African trypanosomiasis in a suburban relict forest area of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
    • Fournet F, Traoré S, Hervouët JP. Effects of urbanization on transmission of human African trypanosomiasis in a suburban relict forest area of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999; 93(2): 130-132.
    • (1999) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 130-132
    • Fournet, F.1    Traoré, S.2    Hervouët, J.P.3
  • 106
    • 72749122537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of sleeping sickness transmission sites in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo)
    • Grébaut P, Bena JM, Manzambi EZ, etal. Characterization of sleeping sickness transmission sites in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009; 9(6): 631-636.
    • (2009) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 631-636
    • Grébaut, P.1    Bena, J.M.2    Manzambi, E.Z.3
  • 107
    • 0029558865 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological evidence for immunity following Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness
    • Khonde N, Pépin J, Niyonsenga T, Milord F, De Wals P. Epidemiological evidence for immunity following Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 89(6): 607-611.
    • (1995) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 607-611
    • Khonde, N.1    Pépin, J.2    Niyonsenga, T.3    Milord, F.4    De Wals, P.5
  • 108
    • 0035653141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased trypanolytic activity in sera of sleeping sickness patients after chemotherapy
    • Fischer A, Simarro PP, Franco JR, Becher H, Steverding D. Increased trypanolytic activity in sera of sleeping sickness patients after chemotherapy. Trop Med Int Health. 2001; 6(12): 1070-1074.
    • (2001) Trop Med Int Health , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. 1070-1074
    • Fischer, A.1    Simarro, P.P.2    Franco, J.R.3    Becher, H.4    Steverding, D.5
  • 109
    • 77349095258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in mangrove epidemiologic area. Presentation, diagnosis and treatment in Guinea, 2005-2007
    • French
    • Vanhecke C, Guevart E, Ezzedine K, etal. D. [Human African trypanosomiasis in mangrove epidemiologic area. Presentation, diagnosis and treatment in Guinea, 2005-2007]. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2010; 58(1): 110-116. French.
    • (2010) Pathol Biol (Paris) , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-116
    • Vanhecke, C.1    Guevart, E.2    Ezzedine, K.3
  • 110
    • 0842330266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retaking sleeping sickness control in Angola
    • Abel PM, Kiala G, Lôa V, etal. Retaking sleeping sickness control in Angola. Trop Med Int Health. 2004; 9(1): 141-148.
    • (2004) Trop Med Int Health , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 141-148
    • Abel, P.M.1    Kiala, G.2    Lôa, V.3
  • 111
    • 0030694543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial aggregation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis in a very high incidence community in Zaire
    • Khonde N, Pépin J, Niyonsenga T, De Wals P. Familial aggregation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis in a very high incidence community in Zaire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997; 91(5): 521-524.
    • (1997) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 521-524
    • Khonde, N.1    Pépin, J.2    Niyonsenga, T.3    De Wals, P.4
  • 112
    • 0019476276 scopus 로고
    • Importance of familial contamination in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis
    • French
    • Henry MC. [Importance of familial contamination in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1981; 74(1): 65-71. French.
    • (1981) Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales , vol.74 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-71
    • Henry, M.C.1
  • 113
    • 40949149150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, attitudes and practices on tsetse and sleeping sickness among communities living in and around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
    • Kinung'hi SM, Malele II, Kibona SN, etal. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on tsetse and sleeping sickness among communities living in and around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull. 2006; 8(3): 168-172. http: //www.who.int/neglected.diseases/NTD_Roadmap_2012_Fullversion.pdf
    • (2006) Tanzan Health Res Bull , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 168-172
    • Kinung'hi, S.M.1    Malele, I.I.2    Kibona, S.N.3
  • 114
    • 47749085981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of risk factors for T. brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness within villages in south-east Uganda
    • Zoller T, Fèvre EM, Welburn SC, Odiit M, Coleman PG. Analysis of risk factors for T. brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness within villages in south-east Uganda. BMC Infect Dis. 2008; 8: 88.
    • (2008) BMC Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 88
    • Zoller, T.1    Fèvre, E.M.2    Welburn, S.C.3    Odiit, M.4    Coleman, P.G.5
  • 115
    • 0015469339 scopus 로고
    • The role of game animals in the maintenance of endemic and enzootic trypanosomiases in the Lambwe Valley, South Nyanza District, Kenya
    • Allsopp R. The role of game animals in the maintenance of endemic and enzootic trypanosomiases in the Lambwe Valley, South Nyanza District, Kenya. Bull World Health Organ. 1972; 47(6): 735-746.
    • (1972) Bull World Health Organ , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 735-746
    • Allsopp, R.1
  • 116
    • 84874782637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neglected aspect of the epidemiology of sleeping sickness: The propensity of the tsetse fly vector to enter houses
    • Vale GA, Chamisa A, Mangwiro C, Torr SJ. A neglected aspect of the epidemiology of sleeping sickness: the propensity of the tsetse fly vector to enter houses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(2): e2086.
    • (2013) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.7 , Issue.2
    • Vale, G.A.1    Chamisa, A.2    Mangwiro, C.3    Torr, S.J.4
  • 117
    • 0028454764 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors assessment for T. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness acquisition in S.E. Uganda. A case-control study
    • Okia M, Mbulamberi DB, De Muynck A. Risk factors assessment for T. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness acquisition in S.E. Uganda. A case-control study. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1994; 74(2): 105-112.
    • (1994) Ann Soc Belg Med Trop , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-112
    • Okia, M.1    Mbulamberi, D.B.2    De Muynck, A.3
  • 118
    • 0022212598 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors associated with the acquisition of sleeping sickness in north-east Zambia; a case-control study
    • Wyatt GB, Boatin BA, Wurapa FK. Risk factors associated with the acquisition of sleeping sickness in north-east Zambia; a case-control study. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1985; 79(4): 385-392.
    • (1985) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 385-392
    • Wyatt, G.B.1    Boatin, B.A.2    Wurapa, F.K.3
  • 119
    • 0031830420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis: An emerging public health crisis
    • Smith DH, Pepin J, Stich AH. Human African trypanosomiasis: an emerging public health crisis. Br Med Bull. 1998; 54(2): 341-355.
    • (1998) Br Med Bull , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 341-355
    • Smith, D.H.1    Pepin, J.2    Stich, A.H.3
  • 120
    • 0036102240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Network on Imported Infectious Disease Surveillance. Cluster of African trypanosomiasis in travelers to Tanzanian national parks
    • Jelinek T, Bisoffi Z, Bonazzi L, etal; European Network on Imported Infectious Disease Surveillance. Cluster of African trypanosomiasis in travelers to Tanzanian national parks. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002; 8(6): 634-635.
    • (2002) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 634-635
    • Jelinek, T.1    Bisoffi, Z.2    Bonazzi, L.3
  • 121
    • 79251518403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical diseases. WHO/HTM/NTD /1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization2010. Available from. Accessed January 20, 2014
    • World Health Organization. Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases. First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical diseases. WHO/HTM/NTD 2010/1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010. Available from: http: //whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564090_eng.pdf. Accessed January 20, 2014.
    • (2010) Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • 122
    • 33846697946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in a rural community, Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Lutumba P, Makieya E, Shaw A, Meheus F, Boelaert M. Human African trypanosomiasis in a rural community, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13(2): 248-254.
    • (2007) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 248-254
    • Lutumba, P.1    Makieya, E.2    Shaw, A.3    Meheus, F.4    Boelaert, M.5
  • 123
    • 84856569540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should I get screened for sleeping sickness? A qualitative study in Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Mpanya A, Hendrickx D, Vuna M, etal. Should I get screened for sleeping sickness? A qualitative study in Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(1): e1467.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Mpanya, A.1    Hendrickx, D.2    Vuna, M.3
  • 124
    • 0017128467 scopus 로고
    • African sleeping sickness today
    • De Raadt P. African sleeping sickness today. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1976; 70(2): 114-116.
    • (1976) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 114-116
    • De Raadt, P.1
  • 125
    • 27744548867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rough start for the fight against sleeping sickness in French equatorial Africa
    • French
    • Louis FJ, Simarro PP. [Rough start for the fight against sleeping sickness in French equatorial Africa]. Med Trop (Mars). 2005; 65(3): 251-257. French.
    • (2005) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-257
    • Louis, F.J.1    Simarro, P.P.2
  • 126
    • 51449084924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of African trypanosomiasis
    • Steverding D. The history of African trypanosomiasis. Parasit Vectors. 2008; 1(1): 3.
    • (2008) Parasit Vectors , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 3
    • Steverding, D.1
  • 127
    • 0003848861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available from. Accessed December 21, 2013
    • World Health Organization. WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-Prone Infectious Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. Available from: http: //whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_CDS_CSR_ISR_2000.1.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2013.
    • (2000) WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-Prone Infectious Diseases
  • 128
    • 84898465576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The journey towards elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: Not far, nor easy
    • Franco JR, Simarro PP, Diarra A, Ruiz-Postigo JA, Jannin JG. The journey towards elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: Not far, nor easy. Parasitology. 2014; 141(6): 748-760.
    • (2014) Parasitology , vol.141 , Issue.6 , pp. 748-760
    • Franco, J.R.1    Simarro, P.P.2    Diarra, A.3    Ruiz-Postigo, J.A.4    Jannin, J.G.5
  • 130
    • 0034990047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The situation of sleeping sickness in Angola: A calamity
    • Stanghellini A, Josenando T. The situation of sleeping sickness in Angola: a calamity. Trop Med Int Health. 2001; 6(5): 330-334.
    • (2001) Trop Med Int Health , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 330-334
    • Stanghellini, A.1    Josenando, T.2
  • 131
    • 0034993250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan
    • Moore A, Richer M. Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health. 2001; 6(5): 342-347.
    • (2001) Trop Med Int Health , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 342-347
    • Moore, A.1    Richer, M.2
  • 132
    • 0345268661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness: One hundred years of control strategy evolution
    • French
    • Louis FJ, Simarro PP, Lucas P. [Sleeping sickness: one hundred years of control strategy evolution]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2002; 95(5): 331-336. French.
    • (2002) Bull Soc Pathol Exot , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 331-336
    • Louis, F.J.1    Simarro, P.P.2    Lucas, P.3
  • 133
    • 0015182569 scopus 로고
    • History of the campaign against sleeping sickness in the Congo
    • French
    • Burke J. [History of the campaign against sleeping sickness in the Congo]. Ann Soc Belges Med Trop Parasitol Mycol. 1971; 51: 465-482. French.
    • (1971) Ann Soc Belges Med Trop Parasitol Mycol , vol.51 , pp. 465-482
    • Burke, J.1
  • 134
    • 79952459914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human African trypanosomiasis control and surveillance programme of the World Health Organization 2000-2009: The way forward
    • Simarro PP, Diarra A, Ruiz Postigo JA, Franco JR, Jannin JG. The human African trypanosomiasis control and surveillance programme of the World Health Organization 2000-2009: the way forward. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(2): e1007.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.2
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Diarra, A.2    Ruiz Postigo, J.A.3    Franco, J.R.4    Jannin, J.G.5
  • 135
    • 84888263042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of human African trypanosomiasis epidemiological settings requires fine-tuning control strategies to facilitate disease elimination
    • Simarro PP, Franco JR, Diarra A, Ruiz Postigo JA, Jannin J. Diversity of human African trypanosomiasis epidemiological settings requires fine-tuning control strategies to facilitate disease elimination. Res Rep Trop Med. 2013; 2013(4): 1-6.
    • (2013) Res Rep Trop Med , vol.2013 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-6
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Franco, J.R.2    Diarra, A.3    Ruiz Postigo, J.A.4    Jannin, J.5
  • 136
    • 80052413198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • Mumba D, Bohorquez E, Messina J, etal. Prevalence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(8): e1246.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.8
    • Mumba, D.1    Bohorquez, E.2    Messina, J.3
  • 137
    • 33846842181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness-a re-emerging disease in the Serengeti?
    • Kaare MT, Picozzi K, Mlengeya T, etal. Sleeping sickness-a re-emerging disease in the Serengeti? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007; 5(2): 117-124.
    • (2007) Travel Med Infect Dis , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-124
    • Kaare, M.T.1    Picozzi, K.2    Mlengeya, T.3
  • 138
    • 31744443191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using remote sensing and geographic information systems to identify villages at high risk for rhodesiense sleeping sickness in Uganda
    • Odiit M, Bessell PR, Fèvre EM, etal. Using remote sensing and geographic information systems to identify villages at high risk for rhodesiense sleeping sickness in Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 100(4): 354-362.
    • (2006) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 354-362
    • Odiit, M.1    Bessell, P.R.2    Fèvre, E.M.3
  • 139
    • 0022239448 scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness in Busoga, Uganda, 1976-1983
    • Abaru DE. Sleeping sickness in Busoga, Uganda, 1976-1983. Trop Med Parasitol. 1985; 36(2): 72-76.
    • (1985) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-76
    • Abaru, D.E.1
  • 140
    • 0008054616 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of sleeping sickness in East Africa. I. A sleeping sickness outbreak in Uganda in 1957
    • Morris KR. The epidemiology of sleeping sickness in East Africa. I. A sleeping sickness outbreak in Uganda in 1957. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1959; 53: 384-393.
    • (1959) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.53 , pp. 384-393
    • Morris, K.R.1
  • 141
    • 62949237246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Civil conflict and sleeping sickness in Africa in general and Uganda in particular
    • Berrang Ford L. Civil conflict and sleeping sickness in Africa in general and Uganda in particular. Confl Health. 2007; 1: 6.
    • (2007) Confl Health , vol.1 , pp. 6
    • Berrang Ford, L.1
  • 142
    • 84883599992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cattle movements and trypanosomes: Restocking efforts and the spread of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness in post-conflict Uganda
    • Selby R, Bardosh K, Picozzi K, Waiswa C, Welburn SC. Cattle movements and trypanosomes: restocking efforts and the spread of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness in post-conflict Uganda. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6(1): 281.
    • (2013) Parasit Vectors , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 281
    • Selby, R.1    Bardosh, K.2    Picozzi, K.3    Waiswa, C.4    Welburn, S.C.5
  • 144
    • 77958530651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: A contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases
    • Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Paone M, etal. The Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: a contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases. Int J Health Geogr. 2010; 9: 57.
    • (2010) Int J Health Geogr , vol.9 , pp. 57
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Cecchi, G.2    Paone, M.3
  • 145
    • 84862679195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priorities for the elimination of sleeping sickness
    • Welburn SC, Maudlin I. Priorities for the elimination of sleeping sickness. Adv Parasitol. 2012; 79: 299-337.
    • (2012) Adv Parasitol , vol.79 , pp. 299-337
    • Welburn, S.C.1    Maudlin, I.2
  • 146
    • 84891876422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Geneva, 3-5 December 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available from. Accessed December 21, 2013
    • World Health Organization. Report of a WHO Meeting on Elimination of African Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense). Geneva, 3-5 December 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: http: //apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79689/1/WHO_HTM_NTD_IDM_2013.4_eng.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2013.
    • (2012) Report of a WHO Meeting on Elimination of African Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)
  • 147
    • 63649100286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Cecchi G, Paone M, Franco JR, etal. Towards the Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis. Int J Health Geogr. 2009; 8: 15.
    • (2009) Int J Health Geogr , vol.8 , pp. 15
    • Cecchi, G.1    Paone, M.2    Franco, J.R.3
  • 148
    • 84905668321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Available from. Accessed January 20, 2014
    • World Health Organization. Mapping the foci of human African trypanosomiasis. Available from: http: //www.who.int/trypanosomiasis_african/country/foci_AFRO/en/index.html. Accessed January 20, 2014.
    • Mapping the foci of human African trypanosomiasis
  • 149
    • 84869068830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness
    • Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, etal. Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(10): e1859.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.10
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Cecchi, G.2    Franco, J.R.3
  • 150
    • 84859003061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at. Accessed January 20, 2014
    • World Health Organization. Accelerating Work to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Roadmap for Implementation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2012. Available at http: //www.who.int/neglected_diseases/NTD_RoadMap_2012_Fullversion.pdf. Accessed January 20, 2014.
    • (2012) Accelerating Work to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Roadmap for Implementation
  • 151
    • 84897649484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the capacities of fixed health facilities to cover people at risk of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis
    • Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, etal. Mapping the capacities of fixed health facilities to cover people at risk of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. Int J Health Geogr. 2014: 13: 4.
    • (2014) Int J Health Geogr , vol.13 , pp. 4
    • Simarro, P.P.1    Cecchi, G.2    Franco, J.R.3
  • 152
    • 0003502310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC-Watson RT, Zinyowera MC, Moss RH, editors. Cambridge University Press, UK
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. IPCC, 1997-Watson RT, Zinyowera MC, Moss RH, editors. Cambridge University Press, UK.
    • (1997) The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability
  • 155
    • 41849139960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness in West Africa (1906-2006): Changes in spatial repartition and lessons from the past
    • Courtin F, Jamonneau V, Duvallet G, etal. Sleeping sickness in West Africa (1906-2006): changes in spatial repartition and lessons from the past. Trop Med Int Health. 2008; 13(3): 334-344.
    • (2008) Trop Med Int Health , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 334-344
    • Courtin, F.1    Jamonneau, V.2    Duvallet, G.3
  • 156
    • 77954545099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating the northern tsetse limit in Burkina Faso (1949-2009): Impact of global change
    • Courtin F, Rayaissé JB, Tamboura I, etal. Updating the northern tsetse limit in Burkina Faso (1949-2009): impact of global change. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010; 7(4): 1708-1719.
    • (2010) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 1708-1719
    • Courtin, F.1    Rayaissé, J.B.2    Tamboura, I.3
  • 157
    • 84905672753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human African trypanosomiasis in suburban and urban areas: A potential challenge in the fight against the disease
    • Tongue LK, Mavoungou JF, Kamkumo RG, etal. Human African trypanosomiasis in suburban and urban areas: a potential challenge in the fight against the disease. J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012; (Suppl 3): 002.
    • (2012) J Clin Exp Pathol , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 002
    • Tongue, L.K.1    Mavoungou, J.F.2    Kamkumo, R.G.3
  • 158
    • 0035949118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda
    • Fèvre EM, Coleman PG, Odiit M, Magona JW, Welburn SC, Woolhouse ME. The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda. Lancet. 2001; 358(9282): 625-628.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9282 , pp. 625-628
    • Fèvre, E.M.1    Coleman, P.G.2    Odiit, M.3    Magona, J.W.4    Welburn, S.C.5    Woolhouse, M.E.6
  • 159
    • 23944493573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A burgeoning epidemic of sleeping sickness in Uganda
    • Fèvre EM, Picozzi K, Fyfe J, etal. A burgeoning epidemic of sleeping sickness in Uganda. Lancet. 2005; 366(9487): 745-747.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9487 , pp. 745-747
    • Fèvre, E.M.1    Picozzi, K.2    Fyfe, J.3
  • 160
    • 84859459068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the effect of climate change on African trypanosomiasis: Integrating epidemiology with parasite and vector biology
    • Moore S, Shrestha S, Tomlinson KW, Vuong H. Predicting the effect of climate change on African trypanosomiasis: integrating epidemiology with parasite and vector biology. J R Soc Interface. 2012; 9(70): 817-830.
    • (2012) J R Soc Interface , vol.9 , Issue.70 , pp. 817-830
    • Moore, S.1    Shrestha, S.2    Tomlinson, K.W.3    Vuong, H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.