Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the agent of sleeping sickness in Western Africa

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 106, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 209-214

  Koffi, Mathurin ^a,b,c   De Meeûs, Thierry ^a   Bucheton, Bruno ^a,b   Solano, Philippe ^a,b   Camara, Mamadou ^d   Kaba, Dramane ^c   Cuny, Gérard ^a   Ayala, Francisco J ^e   Jamonneau, Vincent ^a,b  

^a INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (France)

^b CIRDES Centre International de Recherche Développement sur l'Elevage en Zone Subhumide   (Burkina Faso)

^c Institut Pierre Richet Bouake   (Côte d’Ivoire)

^d Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine   (Guinea)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Clonality; Effective population size; Genetic differentiation; Genetic diversity; Microsatellite markers

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; ARTICLE; CENTRAL AFRICA; CONTROLLED STUDY; COTE D'IVOIRE; EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GUINEA; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN; INFORMATION; MICROBIAL GENETICS; MICROBIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS; MICROSATELLITE MARKER; NONHUMAN; PARASITE MIGRATION; POPULATION GENETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI; TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE;

AFRICA, WESTERN; ANIMALS; COTE D'IVOIRE; GENETIC VARIATION; GENETICS, POPULATION; GUINEA; HUMANS; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; TOPOGRAPHY, MEDICAL; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GAMBIENSE; TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN;

TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GAMBIENSE;

EID: 58549098971     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811080106     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Cattand P (2001) L'épidémiologie de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine : Une histoire multifactorielle complexe. Médecine Tropicale 61:313-322.
2. Hoare CB (1972) The Trypanosomes of Mammals: A zoological monograph. Blackwell, Oxford.
3. Gibson WC (1995) The significance of genetic exchange in trypanosomes. Parasitol Today 11:465-468.
4. Gibson WC (2007) Resolution of the species problem in African trypanosomes. Int J Parasitol 37:829-838.
5. Tibayrenc M (1995) Population genetics of parasitic protozoa and other microorganisms. Adv Parasitol 36:47-115.
6. Tibayrenc M (1998) Genetic epidemiology of parasitic protozoa and other infectious agents: the need for an integrated approach. Int J Parasitol 28:85-104.
7. Tibayrenc M, Kjellberg F, Ayala FJ (1990) A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: the population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:2414-2418.
8. Gibson WC (1989) Analysis of a genetic cross between Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. brucei. Parasitol Int 99:391-402.
9. Jenni L, et al. (1986) Hybrid formation between African trypanosomes during cyclical transmission. Nature (London) 322:173-175.
10. MacLeod A, et al. (2005) Allelic segregation and independent assortment in T. brucei crosses: Proof that the genetic system is Mendelian and involves meiosis (vol 143, pg 12, 2005). Mol Biochem Parasitol 144:131-131.
11. MacLeod A, et al. (2005) Allelic segregation and independent assortment in T. brucei crosses: Proof that the genetic system is Mendelian and involves meiosis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 143:12-19.
12. Tait A (1980) Evidence for diploïdy and mating in trypanosomes. Nature (London) 287:536-538.
13. Criscione CD, Poulin R, Blouin MS (2005) Molecular ecology of parasites: elucidating ecological and microevolutionary processes. Mol Ecol 14:2247-2257.
14. Hartl DL, Clark AG (1989) Principles of Population Genetics, Second Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.
15. Milgroom MG (1996) Recombination and the multilocus structure of fungal populations. Annu Rev Phytopathol 34:457-477.
16. Taylor JW, Geiser DM, Burt A, Koufopanou V (1999) The evolutionary biology and population genetics underlying fungal strain typing. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:126-146.
17. Tibayrenc M (2005) Bridging the gap between molecular epidemiologists and evolutionists. Trends Microbiol 13:575-580.
18. Tibayrenc M, et al. (1991) Are eukaryotic microorganisms clonal or sexual? A population genetics vantage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:5129-5133.
19. Jannin J (2005) Sleeping sickness a growing problem? Br Med J (Clinical Research Ed.) 331:1242.
20. Simarro P, Jannin J, Cattand P (2008) Eliminating human African trypanosomiasis: Where do we stand and what comes next? Plos Medicine 5(2):174-180.
21. Koffi M, et al. (2007) Genetic characterisation of Trypanosoma brucei ssp by microsatellite typing: new perspectives for the molecular epidemiology of human African trypanosomosis. Infect Genet Evol 7:675-684.
22. De Meeûs T, Lehmann L, Balloux F (2006) Molecular epidemiology of clonal diploids: A quick overview and a short DIY (do it yourself) notice. Infect Genet Evol 6:163-170.
23. Meirmans PG (2006) Using the AMOVA framework to estimate a standardized genetic differentiation measure. Evolution 60:2399-2402.
24. Cavalli-Sforza LL, Edwards AWF (1967) Phylogenetic analysis: model and estimation procedures. Am J Hum Genet 19:233-257.
25. Waples RS (1989) A generalized approach for estimating effective population size from temporal changes in allele frequency. Genetics 121:379-391.
26. Lumsden WHR, Kimber CD, Evans DA, Doig SJ (1979) Trypanosoma brucei: miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitemias: adaptation for field use. Trans R Soc of Tropl Med Hyg 73:312-317.
27. Camara M, et al. (2005) Human African trypanosomiasis in the mangrove forest in Guinea: epidemiological and clinical features in two adjacent outbreak areas. Médecine Tropicale 65:155-161.
28. Anonymous (1998) Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO expert committee. WHO Tech Rep Ser 881(1):1-114.
29. Hellegren H (2000) Microsatellite mutations in the germline: implications for evolutionary inference. Trends Genet 16:551-558.
30. De Meeûs T, Balloux F (2005) F-statistics of clonal diploids structured in numerous demes. Mol Ecol 14:2695-2702.
31. MacLeod A, et al. (2000) Minisatellite marker analysis of Trypanosoma brucei: Reconciliation of clonal, panmictic, and epidemic population genetic structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:13442-13447.
32. Ravel S, et al. (2007) The tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis is composed of several genetically differentiated small populations in the sleeping sickness focus of Bonon, Côte d'Ivoire. Infect Genet Evol 7:116-125.
33. Camara M, et al. (2006) Genetic and morphometric evidence for population isolation of Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae) on the Loos islands, Guinea. J Med Entomol 43:853-860.
34. Jamonneau V, et al. (2004) Mixed infections of trypanosomes in tsetse and pigs and their epidemiological significance in a sleeping sickness focus of Cote d'Ivoire. Parasitology 129:693-702.
35. Garcia A, Courtin D, Solan P, Koffi M, Jamonnea V (2006) Human African trypanosomiasis: connecting parasite and host genetics. Trends Parasitol 22:405-409.
36. Koffi M, et al. (2006) Aparasitemic serological suspects in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: A potential human reservoir of parasites? Acta Tropica 98:183-188.
37. Dukes P, et al. (1984) A field comparison of seven diagnostic techniques for human African trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 35:141-147.
38. Garcia A, et al. (2000) Follow-up of Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT) positive but apparently aparasitaemic individuals in Côte d'Ivoire : evidence for a complex and heterogeneous population. Trop Med Int Health 5:786-793.
39. Koffi M, et al. (2006) Aparasitemic serological suspects in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: A potential human reservoir of parasites? Acta Tropica 98:183-188.
40. Njiokou F, et al. (2006) Wild fauna as a probable animal reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Cameroon. Infect Genet Evol 6:147-153.
41. Jamonneau V, N'Guessan P, N'Dri L, Simarro P, Truc P (2000) Exploration of the distribution of Trypanosoma brucei ssp. in West Africa, by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 94:643-649.
42. Kaba D, et al. (2006) The impact of war on the evolution of sleeping sickness in west-central Cote d'Ivoire. Trop Med Int Health 11:136-143.
43. Biteau N, Bringaud F, Gibson W, Truc P, Baltz T (2000) Characterization of Trypanozoon isolates using a repeated coding sequence and microsatellite markers. Mol Biochem Parasitol 105:185-201.
44. Truc P, Ravel S, Jamonneau V, N'Guessan P, Cuny G (2002) Genetic variability within Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: evidence for the circulation of different genotypes in human African trypanosomiasis patients in Côte d'Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96:52-55.
45. Balloux F, Lehmann L, De Meeûs T (2003) The population genetics of clonal and partially clonal diploids. Genetics 164:1635-1644.
46. Roditi I, Furger A, Ruepp S, Schurch N, Butikofer P (1998) Unravelling the procyclin coat of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Biochem Parasitol 91:117-130.
47. MacLeod A, et al. (2005c) The genetic map and comparative analysis with the physical map of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res 33:6688-6693.
48. Wright S (1951) The genetical structure of populations. Ann Eugenics 15:323-354.
49. Nagylaki T (1998) Fixation indices in subdivided populations. Genetics 148:1325-1332.
50. Wahlund S (1928) Zusammensetzung von populationen und korrelationserschinungen von standpunkt der vererbungslehre aus betrachtet. Hereditas 11:65-106.
51. Weir BS, Cockerham CC (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358-1370.
52. Goudet J (1995) FSTAT (Version 1.2): A computer program to calculate F-statistics. J Hered 86:485-486.
53. De Meeûs T, et al. (2007) Population genetics and molecular epidemiology or how to "débusquer la bête". Infect Genet Evol 7:308-332.
54. Holm S (1979) A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat 6:65-70.
55. Rice WR (1989) Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
56. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M (2004) MEGA3: Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5:150-163.
57. Takezaki N, Nei M (1996) Genetic distances and reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from microsatellite DNA. Genetics 144:389-399.
58. Belkhir K, Borsa P, Chikhi L, Raufaste N, Bonhomme F (2004) GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, CNRS UMR 5000, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier (France).
59. Peel D, Ovenden JR, Peel SL (2004) NeEstimator (Version 1.3): Software for estimating effective population size. Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Deception Bay, Queensland.
60. Salmon D, Paturiaux-Hanocq F, Poelvoorde P, VanhammeL, Pays E (2005) Trypanosoma brucei: growth differences in different mammalian sera are not due to the species-specificity of transferrin. Exp Parasitol 109:188-194.
61. Gouteux JP, Artzrouni M (2000) Persistence and resurgence of sleeping sickness foci. A biomathematical investigation. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Série III, Sciences de la Vie-Life Sci 323:351-364.
62. Dale C, Welburn SC, Maudlin I, Milligan PJM (1995) The kinetics of maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. Parasitology 111:187-191.
63. Van den Abbeele J, Claes Y, van Bockstaele D, Le Ray D, Coosemans M (1999) Trypanosoma brucei spp. development in the tsetse fly: characterization of the post-mesocyclic stages in the foregut and proboscis. Parasitology 118:469-478.