Thymosin α 1 potentiates the release by CD8+ cells of soluble factors able to inhibit HIV-1 and human T lymphotropic virus 1 infection in vitro

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

Volumn 15, Issue , 2015, Pages 83-100

  Matteucci, Claudia ^a   Minutolo, Antonella ^a   Pollicita, Michela ^a   Balestrieri, Emanuela ^a   Grelli, Sandro ^a   D’Ettorre, Gabriella ^b   Vullo, Vincenzo ^b   Bucci, Ilaria ^a   Luchini, Alessandra ^c   Aquaro, Stefano ^d   Sinibaldi Vallebona, Paola ^a,b,c,d,e   Macchi, Beatrice ^a   Perno, Carlo Federico ^a   Mastino, Antonio ^e,f   Garaci, Enrico ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

^e INSTITUTE OF TRANSLATIONAL PHARMACOLOGY   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

Author keywords

CD8 antiviral factor; Chemokines; HIV 1; Human T lymphotropic virus 1; Immunotherapy; Thymosin 1

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; THYMOSIN ALPHA1; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; THYMOSIN;

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; HTLV-1 INFECTION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; IN VITRO STUDY; MACROPHAGE; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MONOCYTE; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL; SUPERNATANT; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VIRUS INHIBITION; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; DELTARETROVIRUS INFECTIONS; DRUG EFFECTS; DRUG POTENTIATION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; MONONUCLEAR CELL;

ANTIGENS, CD8; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DELTARETROVIRUS INFECTIONS; DRUG SYNERGISM; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1; HUMANS; LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR; THYMOSIN;

EID: 84957792384     PISSN: 14712598     EISSN: 17447682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1021677     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Garaci E, Favalli C, Pica F, et al. Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1112:225-34
2. Romani L, Moretti S, Fallarino F, et al. Jack of all trades: thymosin a1 and its pleiotropy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1269:1-6
3. Goldstein AL, Goldstein AL. From lab to bedside: emerging clinical applications of thymosin alpha 1. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009;9(5):593-608
4. Ershler WB, Gravenstein S, Geloo ZS. Thymosin alpha 1 as an adjunct to influenza vaccination in the elderly: rationale and trial summaries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1112:375-84
5. Garaci E, Pica F, Serafino A, et al. Thymosin a1 and cancer: action on immune effector and tumor target cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1269:26-33
6. Matteucci C, Minutolo A, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, et al. Transcription profile of human lymphocytes following in vitro treatment with thymosin alpha-1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010;1194:6-19
7. Mastino A, Favalli C, Grelli S, et al. Combination therapy with thymosin alpha 1 potentiates the anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2 with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of the Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Int J Cancer 1992;50(3):493-9
8. Pica F, Fraschetti M, Matteucci C, et al. High doses of thymosin alpha 1 enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of combination chemo-immunotherapy for murine B16 melanoma. Anticancer Res 1998;18(5A):3571-8
9. Garaci E, Pica F, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, et al. Thymosin alpha (1) in combination with cytokines and chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2003;3(8):1145-50
10. Knutsen AP, Freeman JJ, Mueller KR, et al. Thymosin-alpha1 stimulates maturation of CD34+ stem cells into CD3+CD4+ cells in an in vitro thymic epithelia organ coculture model. Int J Immunopharmacol 1999;21(1):15-26
11. Sztein MB, Serrate SA, Goldstein AL. Modulation of interleukin 2 receptor expression on normal human lymphocytes by thymic hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83(16):6107-11
12. Oates KK, Sztein MB, Goldstein AL. Mechanism of action of the thymosins: modulation of lymphokines, receptors, and T-cell differentiation antigens. Immunol Ser 1989;45:273-88
13. Giuliani C, Napoletano G, Mastino A, et al. Thymosin-alpha1 regulates MHC class I expression in FRTL-5 cells at transcriptional level. Eur J Immunol 2000;30(3):778-86
14. Rasi G, Mutchnick MG, Di Virgilio D, et al. Combination of low-dose lymphoblastoid interferon and thymosin alpha-1 therapy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 1996;3:191-6
15. Rasi G, Di Virgilio D, Mutchnick MG, et al. Combination thymosin alpha 1 and lymphoblastoid interferon treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 1996;39:679-83
16. Saruc M, Ozden N, Turkel N, et al. Long-term outcomes of thymosin-alpha 1 and interferon alpha-2b combination therapy in patients with hepatitis B. J Pharm Sci 2003;92:1386-95
17. You J, Zhuang L, Cheng HY, et al. Efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 and interferon alpha in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B: a randomized controlled study. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12(41):6715-21
18. Camerini R, Ciancio A, De Rosa A, et al. Studies of therapy with thymosin alpha1 in combination with pegylated interferon alpha2a and ribavirin in nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1112:368-74
19. Goldstein AL, Naylor PH, Schulof RS, et al. Thymosin in the staging and treatment of HTLV-III positive homosexuals and hemophiliacs with AIDS-related immune dysfunction. Adv Exp Med Biol 1985;187:129-40
20. Schulof RS, Simon GL, Sztein MB, et al. Phase I/II trial of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha one in HTLV-III seropositive subjects. J Biol Response Mod 1986;5(5):429-43
21. Garaci E, Rocchi G, Perroni L, et al. Combination treatment with zidovudine, thymosin alpha 1 and interferon-alpha in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Int J Clin Lab Res 1994;24(1):23-8
22. Chadwick D, Pido-Lopez J, Pires A, et al. A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 in augmenting immune recostitution in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 counts taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2003;134:477-81
23. Morrow MP, Weiner DB. Cytokines as adjuvants for improving anti-HIV responses. AIDS 2008;22(3):333-8
24. Sabbatini F, Bandera A, Ferrario G, et al. Qualitative immune modulation by interleukin-2 (IL-2) adjuvant therapy in immunological non responder HIV-infected patients. PLoS One 2010;5(11):e14119
25. Noto A, Trautmann L. Developing combined HIV vaccine strategies for a functional cure. Vaccines 2013;1(4):481-96
26. Walker CM, Moody DJ, Stites DP, et al. CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication. Science 1986;234(4783):1563-6
27. Cocchi F, De Vico AL, Garzino-Demo A, et al. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8 T cells. Science 1995;270(5243):1811-15
28. DeVico AL, Gallo RC. Control of HIV-1 infection by soluble factors of the immune response. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004;2(5):401-13
29. Walker CM, Moody DJ, Stites DP, et al. CD8+ T lymphocyte control of HIV replication in cultured CD4+ cells varies among infected individuals. Cell Immunol 1989;119(2):470-5
30. Walker CM, Erickson AL, Hsueh FC, et al. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication in acutely infected CD4+ cells by CD8+ cells involves a noncytotoxic mechanism. J Virol 1991;65(11):5921-7
31. Cota M, Mengozzi E, Vicenzi P, et al. Selective inhibition of HIV replication in primary macrophages but not T lymphocytes by macrophage-derived chemokine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97(16):9162-7
32. Le Borgne S, Février M, Callebaut C, et al. CD8(+)-Cell antiviral factor activity is not restricted to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T cells and can block HIV replication after initiation of reverse transcription. J Virol 2000;74(10):4456-64
33. Mosoian A, Teixeira A, High AA, et al. Novel function of prothymosin alpha as a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression in primary macrophages. J Virol 2006;80(18):9200-6
34. Mosoian A, Teixeira A, Caron E, et al. CD8+ cell lines isolated from HIV-1-infected children have potent soluble HIV-1 inhibitory activity that differs from beta-chemokines. Viral Immunol 2000;13(4):481-95
35. Levy JA. The search for the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor (CAF). Trends Immunol 2003;12:628-32
36. Mackewicz CE, Blackbourn DJ, Levy JA. CD8+ T cells suppress human immunodeficiency virus replication by inhibiting viral transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92(6):2308-12
37. Chang TL, Mosoian A, Pine R, et al. A soluble factor(s) secreted from CD8 T lymphocytes inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication through STAT1 activation. J Virol 2002;76:569-81
38. Mosoian A, Teixeira A, Burns CS, et al. Prothymosin-alpha inhibits HIV-1 via Toll-like receptor 4-mediated type I interferon induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107(22):10178-83
39. Shridhar V, Chen Y, Gupta P. The CD8 antiviral factor (CAF) can suppress HIV-1 transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter in the absence of elements upstream of the CATATAA box. Virol J 2014;11:130
40. Müller H, Mayer G, Behnke B, et al. Enhancing of anti-viral activity against HIV-1 by stimulation of CD8+ T cells with thymic peptides. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;117(1):76-83
41. Cenci A, Perno CF, Menzo S, et al. Selected nucleotide sequence of the pol gene of the monocytotropic strain HIV type 1 BaL. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997;13(7):629-32
42. Perno CF, Bergamini A, Pesce CD, et al. Inhibition of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus blocks replication and infectivity of the virus in chronically infected macrophages. J Infect Dis 1993;168(5):1148-56
43. Chang SY, Bowman BH, Weiss JB, et al. The origin of HIV-1 isolate HTLV-IIIB. Nature 1993;363(6428):466-9
44. Aquaro S, Panti S, Caroleo MC, et al. Primary macrophages infected by human immunodeficiency virus trigger CD95- mediated apoptosis of uninfected astrocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2000;68(3):429-35
45. Miyoshi I, Kubonishi I, Yoshimoto S, et al. Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by cocultivating normal human cord leucocytes and human leukemic cells. Nature 1981;294(5843):770-1
46. Balestrieri E, Matteucci C, Ascolani A, et al. Effect of phosphonated carbocyclic 2’-oxa-3’-aza-nucleoside on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52(1):54-64
47. Kinoshita T, Shimoyama M, Tobinai K, et al. Detection of mRNA for the tax1/rex1 gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult T-cell leukemia patients and viral carriers by using the polymerase chain reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86(14):5620-4
48. Vandegraaff N, Kumar R, Hocking H, et al. Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration in cell culture: putative inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45(9):2510-16
49. Kabamba-Mukadi B, Henrivaux P, Ruelle J, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA load in purified CD4+ cells by LightCycler real-time PCR. BMC Infect Dis 2005;5:15
50. Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Santra S, et al. Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes. Science 1999;283(5403):857-60
51. Jin X, Bauer DE, Tuttleton SE, et al. Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8(+) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Exp Med 1999;189(6):991-8
52. Wong JK, Strain MC, Porrata R, et al. In vivo CD8+ T-cell suppression of siv viremia is not mediated by CTL clearance of productively infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2010;6(1):e1000748
53. Klatt NR, Shudo E, Ortiz AM, et al. CD8+ lymphocytes control viral replication in SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques without decreasing the lifespan of productively infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2010;6(1):e1000747
54. Saksena NK, Wu JQ, Potter SJ, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus interactions with CD8+ T lymphocytes. Curr HIV Res 2008;6(1):1-9
55. Copeland KF, McKay PJ, Rosenthal KL. Suppression of activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by CD8+ T cells is not lentivirus specific. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1995;11(11):1321-6
56. Moriuchi M, Moriuchi H. Class I-unrestricted noncytotoxic anti-HTLV-I activity of CD8(+) T cells. Blood 2000;96(5):1994-5
57. Asquith B, Mosley AJ, Barfield A, et al. A functional CD8+ cell assay reveals individual variation in CD8+ cell antiviral efficacy and explains differences in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral load. J Gen Virol 2005;86(Pt 5):1515-23
58. Bangham CRM. CTL quality and the control of human retroviral infections. Eur J Immunol 2009;39(7):1700-12
59. Rot A, von Andrian UH. Chemokines in innate and adaptive host defense: basic chemokinese grammar for immune cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2004;22:891-928
60. Trama J, Go WY, Ho SN. The osmoprotective function of the NFAT5 transcription factor in T cell development and activation. J Immunol 2002;169(10):5477-88
61. Tindemans I, Serafini N, Di Santo JP, Hendriks RW. GATA-3 function in innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity 2014;41(2):191-206
62. Teixeira A, Yen B, Gusella GL, et al. Prothymosin alpha variants isolated from CD8+ T cells and cervicovaginal fluids suppress HIV replication through type I IFN induction. J Infect Dis 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
63. Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM. Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:657-700
64. Pal R, Garzino-Demo A, Markham PD, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by the beta-chemokine MDC. Science 1997;278(5338):695-8
65. Matloubian M, David A, Engel S, et al. A transmembrane CXC chemokine is a ligand for HIV-coreceptor Bonzo. Nat Immunol 2000;1(4):298-304
66. Landrø L, Damås JK, Halvorsen B, et al. CXCL16 in HIV infection- a link between inflammation and viral replication. Eur J Clin Invest 2009;39(11):1017-24
67. Suzu S, Harada H, Matsumoto T, et al. HIV-1 Nef interferes with M-CSF receptor signaling through Hck activation and inhibits M-CSF bioactivities. Blood 2005;105(8):3230-7
68. Hiyoshi M, Suzu S, Yoshidomi Y, et al. Interaction between Hck and HIV-1 Nef negatively regulates cell surface expression of M-CSF receptor. Blood 2008;111(1):243-50
69. Romani L, Bistoni F, Gaziano R, et al. Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through toll-like receptor signaling. Blood 2004;103(11):4232-9
70. Bozza S, Gaziano R, Bonifazi P, et al. Thymosin alpha1 activates the TLR9/MyD88/IRF7-dependent murine cytomegalovirus sensing for induction of anti-viral responses in vivo. Int Immunol 2007;19(11):1261-70
71. Romani L, Bistoni F, Perruccio K, et al. Thymosin alpha1 activates dendritic cell tryptophan catabolism and establishes a regulatory environment for balance of inflammation and tolerance. Blood 2006;108(7):2265-74
72. Saunders KO, Ward-Caviness C, Schutte RJ, et al. Secretion of MIP-1b and MIP-1a by CD8(+) T-lymphocytes correlates with HIV-1 inhibition independent of coreceptor usage. Cell Immunol 2011;266(2):154-64
73. Payne TL, Blackinton J, Frisbee A, et al. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of cytokine gene expression in HIV-1 antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that mediate virus inhibition. J Virol 2014;88(17):9514-28
74. Lambert JS, Machado ES, Watson DC, et al. Production of the HIV-suppressive chemokines CCL3/MIP-1alpha and CCL22/MDC is associated with more effective antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26(10):935-44