Closing the gender gap: Act now

Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now

Volumn 9789264179370, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-349

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84957779383     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1787/9789264179370-en     Document Type: Book

References (498)

1. Arnold, J., A. Bassanini and S. Scarpetta (2011), "Solow or Lucas Testing the Speed of Convergence on a Panel of OECD Countries", Research in Economics, Vol. 65, pp. 110-123.
2. Barro, R.J. and J.W. Lee (1994), "Sources of Economic Growth", Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Vol. 40, pp. 1-46.
3. Barro, R.J. and J.W. Lee (2010), "A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010", NBER Working Paper, No. 15902, Cambridge, United States.
4. Bassanini, A. and S. Scarpetta (2002), "Does Human Capital Matter for Growth in OECD Countries A Pooled Mean-group Approach", Economic Letters, Vol. 74, pp. 399-405.
5. Bates, L.M., J. Maselko and S.R. Schuler (2007), "Women's Education and the Timing of Marriage and Childbearing in the Next Generation: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh", Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 38, pp. 101-112.
6. Behrman, J.R., R. Pollak and P. Taubman (1986), "Do Parents Favor Boys", International Economic Review, Vol. 27, pp. 31-52.
7. Bruce, J. and S. Clark (2004), The Implications of Early Marriage for HIV/AIDS Policy, Population Council and UNFPA, NewYork.
8. Council of Europe (2005), Report on Gender Budgeting of the Committee for Equal Opportunities of Women and Men, Parliamentary Assembly, Document, No. 10764, December, available at http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc05/EDOC10764.htm.
9. Doepke, M., M. Tertilt and A. Voena (2011), "The Economics and Politics of Women's Rights", NBER Working Paper, No. 17672, Cambridge, United States.
10. European Commission (1997), "Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion", A Guide to Gender Impact Assessment, available at: Http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServletdocId=4376&langId=en.
11. Field, E. and A. Ambrus (2008), "Early Marriage, Age of Menarche, and Female Schooling Attainment in Bangladesh", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 116, No. 5, pp. 881-930.
12. Hewlett, S.A. and R. Rashid (2011), "Winning the War for Talent in Emerging Markets:WhyWomen are the Solution", Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, United States.
13. Hsieh, C.T., E. Hurst, C.I. Jones and P.J. Klenow (2012), "The Allocation of Talent and US Economic Growth", unpublished manuscript.
14. Hudson, V. (2011), "China's Census: The One-Child Policy's Gender-Ratio Failure", World Politics Review Briefing, 4 May 2011, available at www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8731/chinas-census-the-onechild-policys-gender-ratio-failure, accessed 15 February 2012.
15. IFC (2011), "Strengthening Access to Finance forWomen-Owned SMEs in Developing Countries", Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion and International Finance Corporation, available at www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/a4774a004a3f66539f0f9f8969adcc27/G20-Women-Report.pdfMOD=AJPERES.
16. Jha, P., M. Kesler and R. Kumar (2011), "Trends in Selective Abortions of Girls in India: Analysis of Nationally Representative Birth Histories from 1990 to 2005 and Census Data from 1991 to 2011", The Lancet, Vol. 377, No. 9781, pp. 1921-1928.
17. Jones, N., C. Harper and C.Watson (2010), "Stemming Girls' Chronic Poverty: Catalysing Development Change by Building Just Social Institutions", Chronic Poverty Research Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
18. Kim, J. (2010), "Women's Career Interruption and Labor Market Return", Monthly Labour Review, No. 65, Korea Labour Institute, Korea, pp. 36-50, August.
19. Klasen, S. (2002), "Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development", World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 345-373, Oxford University Press, United States, December.
20. Klasen, S. and C.Wink (2003), "MissingWomen: Revisiting the Debate", Feminist Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2-3, pp. 263-299.
21. Knowles, S., P. Lorgelly and P.D. Owen (2002), "Are Educational Gender Gaps a Brake on Economic Development Some Cross-Country Empirical Evidence", Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 118-149.
22. Kornich, S. and F. Furstenberg (2010), "Investing in Children: Changes in Parental Spending on Children, 1972 to 2007", Working Paper, United States Studies Center, University of Sydney.
23. Lee, K., M.H. Pesaran and R. Smith (1997), "Growth and Convergence in a Multi-country Empirical Stochastic Solow Model", Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 12, pp. 357-392.
24. Lloyd, C. and B. Mensch (2008), "Marriage and Childbirth as Factors in Dropping Out from School: An Analysis of DHS Data from Sub-Saharan Africa", Population Studies, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 1-13.
25. Mankiw, G., D. Romer and D.Weil (1992), "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 407-437.
26. North, D. (1990), "Institutions", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 97-112.
27. OECD (2007a), Gender and Economic Empowerment of Women, Africa Partnership Forum Support Unit, OECD Publishing, Paris.
28. OECD (2007b), Informal Institutions: How Social Norms Help or Hinder Development, Development Centre Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264039070-en.
29. OECD (2008), OECD Employment Outlook, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/empl-outlook-2008-en.
30. OECD (2009), "Promoting Pro-poor Growth: Employment", Document prepared by the DAC Network on Poverty Reduction (POVNET), OECD Publishing, Paris.
31. OECD (2010a), "Gender Inequality and the MDGs: What Are the Missing Dimensions", OECD Position Paper, No. 2, OECD Development Center, OECD Publishing, Paris, September.
32. OECD (2010b), Progress in Public Management in the Middle East and North Africa. Case Studies on Policy Reform, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264082076-en.
33. OECD (2011a), "Women's Economic Empowerment", Issue Paper, DAC Network on Gender Equality (GENDERNET), OECD Publishing, Paris, April.
34. OECD (2011b), Help Wanted: Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264097759-en.
35. OECD (2011c), Report on the Gender Initiative: Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship 2011, Report prepared for the Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level, Paris, 25-26 May 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris.
36. OECD (2011d), "Survey on National Gender Frameworks, Gender Public Policies and Leadership", Developed by the MENA-OECD Governance Programme, OECD Publishing, Paris.
37. OECD (2011e), "Survey on Gender Analysis and Regulatory Impact Assessments", Survey conducted by the OECD on countries' regulatory management systems, OECD Publishing, Paris.
38. OECD (2011f), "Gender Analysis and Regulatory Impact Analysis", Document prepared by the DAC Network on Poverty Reduction (POVNET), OECD Publishing, Paris.
39. OECD (2011g), "Findings from the Gender Equality Module of the 2011 Paris Declaration Monitoring Survey", OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.oecd.org/dac/gender.
40. OECD (2012a), OECD Demography and Population Database, OECD Publishing, Paris.
41. OECD (2012b), OECD Employment Database, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.oecd.org/employment/database.
42. OECD (2012c), Gender, Institutions and Development Database, OECD Development Center, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.oecd.org/dev/gender.
43. OECD (2012d), OECD Economic Outlook, No. 91, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco-outlook-v2012-1-en.
44. Schultz, P. (2002), "Why Governments Should Invest More to Educate Girls", World Development, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 207-225.
45. Shin, Y.J., T. Sung and E. Choi (2008), "Study on the Burden of Childcare and Education Cost Affecting Fertility", Policy Report, No. 2008-17, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
46. Sinha, N. and J. Young (2009), "Long-Term Financial Incentives and Investment in Daughters: Evidence from Conditional Cash Transfers in North India", Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4860, World Bank, Washington, DC.
47. Stevenson, B. and J. Wolfers (2009), "The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness", American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 190-225.
48. Swirski, B. (2011), "ADVA Center Information on Equality and Social Justice in Israel, Gender Mainstreaming Calls for Gender Breakdowns: Case Study", Israeli Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labour, available at www.adva.org/default.asppageid=5.
49. Topel, R. (1999), "Labor Markets and Economic Growth", in O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3C, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
50. UNECE (2010), Developing Gender Statistics: A Practical Tool, United Nations, Geneva.
51. UNESCO (2012), Education Database, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx.
52. UNFPA (2007), "Sex-Ratio Imbalance in Asia: Trends, Consequences and Policy Responses", 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Sexual and Reproductive Health, UNFPA, NewYork.
53. UNICEF (2005), Early Marriage: A Harmful Traditional Practice. A Statistical Exploration, UNICEF, NewYork.
54. United Nations (1995), "Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action", United Nations Fourth World Conference onWomen, Beijing, www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/.
55. United Nations (1997), Report of the Economic and Social Council for 1997, United Nations, New York, 18 September, available at www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-3.htm.
56. Veenhoven, R. (2011), "Social Development and Happiness in Nations 1990-2010", Presentation at Conference Taking Stock: Measuring Social Development, International Institute of Social Studies, 14-15 December.
57. Veenhoven, R. (2012), World Database of Happiness, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Netherlands.
58. World Bank (2011), World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank, Washington, DC.
59. Wikigender, "Gender Equality", http://wikigender.org/index.php/Gender-Equality.
60. AANDC (2010), "Backgrounder - Aboriginal Women's Entrepreneurship: Key Issues", Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1292345911615, accessed on 2 March 2012.
61. Adato, M. and J. Hoddinott (2007), "Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: A 'Magic Bullet for Reducing Poverty'", 2020 Focus Brief on the World's Poor and Hungry People, October.
62. ADB (2008), "Conditional Cash Transfer Programs", ERD Policy Brief Series, No. 51, Economics and Research Department, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
63. Atkinson, A. and F. Messy (2012), "Measuring Financial Literacy: Results of the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) Pilot Study", OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 15, OECD Publishing, Paris.
64. Atkinson, A., S. McKay, E. Kempson and S. Collard (2006), "Levels of Financial Capability in the UK: Results of a Baseline Survey", Consumer Research, Vol. 47, Prepared for the Financial Services Authority by Personal Finance Research Centre University of Bristol, Financial Services Authority.
65. Australian Government (2008), Financial Literacy -Women Understanding Money, Australian Government, Financial Literacy Foundation.
66. Australian Government (2009), Financial Services for the Poor: A Strategy for the Australian Aid Program 2010-15, AusAID.
67. Baker, L. and A.Wigfield (1999), "Dimensions of Children's Motivation for Reading and their Relations to Reading Activity and Reading Achievement", Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 34, pp. 452-477.
68. Behrman, J.R., S.W. Parker and P.E. Todd (2011), "Incentives for Students and Parents", Paper presented at Conference on "Educational Policies in Developing Countries", University of Minnesota.
69. Bergman, M., S. Hupka-Brunner and S. Kanji (2012), "Gender Differences in the Transition from Secondary to Post-secondary Education: The Case of Switzerland", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
70. Betcherman, G., M. Godfrey, S. Puerto, F. Rother and A. Stavreska (2007), Global Inventory of Interventions to Support Young Workers: Synthesis Report, World Bank, Washington, DC.
71. Capital One (2009), "Capital One Survey of High School Seniors Reveals Gender Gaps in Financial Literacy", Capital One Financial Corporation, available at http://phx.corporateir.net/phoenix.zhtmlc=70667&p=irolnewsArticle&ID=1301899&highlight, accessed 6 February 2012.
72. Council of the European Union (2011), "Legislative Acts and Other Instruments", Brussels, June, available at http://ec.europa.eu/education/school-education/leaving-en.htm.
73. Crowley, T. and H.R. Niesr (2008), "Work-related Learning for an Innovation Nation: Engaging with Employers to Improve Work-related Learning Opportunities for Young People Aged 14-19", National Endowment for Science, Technology and Arts (work commissioned by NESTA), United Kingdom.
74. Cvenecek, D., A.N. Meltzoff and A.G. Greenwald (2011), "Math-gender Stereotypes in Elementary School Children", Child Development, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 766-779.
75. Drèze, J. and G. Kingdon (2001), "School Participation in Rural India", Review of Development Economics, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-24.
76. Edward, M. and M. Kremer (2000), "Child Health and Education: The Primary School Deworming Project in Kenya", available at http://are.berkeley.edu/courses/DEVELWORK/papers/miguel-oct00.pdf.
77. Elliott, W., M. Sherraden, L. Johnson and B. Guo (2011), "Financial Capability in Children: Effects of Participation in a School-Based Financial Education and Savings Program", Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 385-399.
78. European Commission (2009a), "EU Programme of Exchange of Good Practices on Gender Equality: Gender Stereotyping in Germany", Seminar on Gender Stereotypes, 13-14 May 2009, Köln.
79. European Commission (2009b), "Gender Segregation in the Labour Market: Root Causes, Implications, and Policy Responses in the EU", European Commission's Expert Group on Gender and Employment, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, European Commission, Luxembourg.
80. European Commission (2010), New Skills for New Jobs: Action Now, Report prepared by the Expert Group on New Skills for New Jobs prepared for the European Commission, European Union.
81. Falch, T. et al. (2010), "Completion and Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Norway: Causes and Consequences", Centre for Economic Research at Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim.
82. Fernandez, T., M. Bucheli and S. Cardozo (2012), "Gender Differences in the Transition from Secondary to Post-secondary Education: The Case of Uruguay: A PISA Longitudinal Study", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
83. FINRA Investor Education Foundation (2009), Financial Capability in the United States - Initial Report of Research Findings From the 2009 National Survey - A Component of the National Financial Capability Study, FINRA Investor Education Foundation, Washington, DC.
84. Flabbi, L. (2011), "Gender Differences in Education, Career Choices and Labour Market Outcomes on a Sample of OECD Countries", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
85. Flabbi, L. and M.Tejada (2012), "Fields of Study Choices, Occupational Choices and Gender Differentials", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
86. Francavilla, F., G.C. Giannelli and L. Grilli (2012), "Mothers' Employment and their Children's Schooling: A Joint Multilevel Analysis for India", World Development, Elsevier, in press.
87. Fredericks, J.A. and J.S. Eccles (2002), "Children's Competence and Value Beliefs from Childhood through Adolescence: Growth Trajectories in Two Male-sex-typed Domains", Developmental Psychology, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 519-533.
88. Gallup (2009/10), "Gallup World Poll", www.gallup.com/consulting/worldpoll/24046/About.aspx.
89. Glewwe, P. and M. Kremer (2006), "Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes'", in E.A. Hanushek and F.Welch (eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 2, Edition 1, Elsevier, September.
90. Glewwe, P., S. Moulin and M. Kremer (2009), "Many Children Left Behind Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya", American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 112-135.
91. Guedes, A. (2004), "Addressing Gender-based Violence from the PHN Sector: A Literature Review and Analysis", USAID, Bureau for Global Health, Washington, DC.
92. Guiso, L., F. Monte, P. Sapienza and L. Zingales (2008), "Culture, Gender and Math", Science, Vol. 320, No. 5880, pp. 1164-1165.
93. Haile, G., R. Poppe and M. Frölic (2011), "School Meals Programme in Ethiopia: A Mixed-methods Based Impact Study'", University of Mannheim, and the UN-World Food Programme Country Office Ethiopia, March.
94. Handa, S. (2002), "Raising Primary School Enrolment in Developing Countries. The Relative Importance of Supply and Demand", Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 103-128.
95. Hanlon, J., A. Barrientos and D. Hulme (2010), Just Give Money to the Poor, Kumarian Press, United States.
96. Herbert, J. and D.T. Stipek (2005), "The Emergence of Gender Differences in Children's Perceptions of their Academic Competence", Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 276-295.
97. Hilgert, M., J. Hogarth and S. Beverly (2003), "Household Financial Management: The Connection Between Knowledge and Behaviour", Federal Reserve Bulletin, Vol. 89, pp. 309-322.
98. Hung, A., J. Yoong and E. Brown (2012), "Empowering Women Through Financial Awareness and Education", OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 14, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9d5v6kh56g-en.
99. IES (2007), "Encouraging Girls in Math and Science", Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Research, US Department of Education.
100. IET (2007), "STEM Engagement: The Perspectives of Educationalists, Teachers and Pupils", Stevenage: Institution of Engineering and Technology, United Kingdom.
101. ILO (2010), "Global Employment Trends for Youth", Special Issue on the Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Youth, International Labour Office, Geneva, August.
102. ILO (2012a), "Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM)", 7th Edition, ILO Department of Economic and Labour Market Analysis, Geneva, available at http://kilm.ilo.org.
103. ILO (2012b), "ILO's Women's Entrepreneurship Development Programme (ILO-WED)", International Labour Organization, www.ilo.org/wed.
104. Ipsos Reid (2010), "Canadian Youth Science Monitor", Canada Foundation for Innovation, May.
105. Irish Financial Regulator (2009), Financial Capability in Ireland: An Overview, available at www.financialregulator.ie/publications/Documents/Financial%20Capability%20An%20Overview.pdf.
106. Kane, J.M. and J.E. Mertz (2011), "Debunking Myths about Gender and Mathematics Performance", Notices of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 10-21.
107. Levine, R., C. Lloyd, M. Greene and C. Grown (2009), Girls Count a Global Investment and Action Agenda: A Girls Count Report on Adolescent Girls, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC.
108. Lord, P. and M. Jones (2006), Pupils' Experiences and Perspectives of the National Curriculum and Assessment: Final Report for the Research Review, National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER), Slough, United Kingdom.
109. Loyalka, P. and M. Maani (2012), "Does Choosing the Science Track Matter for Females Aspiring to go to College Evidence from the STEM Education Pipeline in China", Working Paper, China Institute for Educational Finance Research (CIEFR), Peking University.
110. Lund, F. (2011), "A Step in the Wrong Direction: Linking the South Africa Child Support Grant to School Attendance", Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 5-14.
111. Lusardi, A. and O.S. Mitchell (2007), "Baby Boomer Retirement Security: The Roles of Planning, Financial Literacy, and Housing Wealth", Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 205-224.
112. Lusardi, A. and O.S. Mitchell (2011), "Financial Literacy Around the World: An Overview", Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 497-508.
113. Lusardi, A, O.S. Mitchell and V. Curto (2010), "Financial Literacy Among the Young", Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 358-380.
114. Mann, A. (2012), "It's Who You Meet: Why Employer Contacts at School Make a Difference to the Employment Prospects of Young Adults", Education and Employers Taskforce, London, United Kingdom.
115. Mateju, P., P. Soukup, J. Straková and M. Smith (2012), "Gender Differences in the Transition from Secondary to Post-secondary Education: The Case of the Czech Republic", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
116. McKay, S. (2011), "Understanding Financial Capability in Canada Analysis of the Canadian Financial Capability Survey", Research Paper prepared for the Task Force on Financial Literacy, University of Birmingham, available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection-2011/fin/F2-213-2011-eng.pdf.
117. Miguel, E. and M. Kremer (2004), "Worms: Indentifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities", Econometrica, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 159-217.
118. Morcos, C. and J. Sebstad (2011), Financial Education for Adolescent Girls, Youth-Inclusive Financial Services (YFS), available at www.yfslink.org/resources/general-resources/Financial-education-for-adolescent-girls, accessed 7 February 2012.
119. Morrison, A., M. Ellsberg and S. Bott (2007), "Addressing Gender-Based Violence: A Critical Review of Interventions", World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 25-51.
120. Nigeria Federal Ministry of Education (2010), The Nigeria Digest of Education Statistics 2006-2010, Federal Ministry of Education, Nigeria.
121. Nguyen, T. (2008), "Information, Role Models, and Perceived Returns to Education: Experimental Evidence from Madagascar", Working Paper, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.
122. Nordic Consulting Group (2011), "End Review of the Project - Strengthening Women Entrepreneurs in Uganda 'Enterprise Uganda'", available at www.oecd.org/aidfortrade/47399575.pdf.
123. Nordman, C.J. and L. Pasquier (2012), "Vocational Education, On-the-Job Training and Labour Market Integration of Young Workers in Urban West Africa", Background paper for 2012 EFA Global Monitoring Report: Youth, Skills and Work, UNESCO, Paris.
124. OECD (2004), Learning forTomorrow's World. First Results from PISA 2003, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264006416-en.
125. OECD (2005), Improving Financial Literacy: Analysis of Issues and Policies, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2005-art11-en.
126. OECD (2007), PISA 2006 Science Competencies for Tomorrow's World, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264040014-en.
127. OECD (2008), Encouraging Student Interest in Science and Technology Studies, Global Science Forum, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264040892-en.
128. OECD (2009a), Equally Prepared for Life How 15 Year old Boys and Girls Perform in School, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264064072-en.
129. OECD (2009b), "Financial Crisis and Financial Education: Analytical Note and Recommendations", OECD/INFE Working Paper, OECD Publishing, Paris.
130. OECD (2010a), PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do - Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264091450-en.
131. OECD (2010b), PISA 2009 Results: Learning to Learn - Student Engagement, Strategies and Practices, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264083943-en.
132. OECD (2010c), PISA 2009 Results: Learning Trends - Changes in Student Performance since 2000, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264091580-en.
133. OECD (2010d), PISA 2009 Results: Overcoming Social Background - Equity in Learning Opportunities and Outcomes, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264091504-en.
134. OECD (2010e), PISA Framework on Financial Literacy, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.pisa.oecd.org/dataoecd/8/43/46962580.pdf.
135. OECD (2011a), Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2011-en.
136. OECD (2011b), PISA 2009 Results: Students on line - Digital Technologies and Performance, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264112995-en.
137. OECD (2011c), Report on the Gender Initiative: Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship 2011, Report prepared for the Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level, Paris, 25-26 May 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris.
138. OECD (2011d), "Survey on National Gender Frameworks, Gender Public Policies, Leadership and Employment in the Middle East and North Africa", Developed by the MENA-OECD Governance Programme, OECD Publishing, Paris.
139. OECD (2012a), Reviews of National Policies for Education: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, OECD Publishing, Paris, forthcoming.
140. OECD (2012b), Equity and Quality in Education - Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264130852-en.
141. OECD (2012c), "What Kinds of Careers Do Boys and Girls Expect for Themselves", OECD PISA in Focus 14, OECD Publishing, Paris.
142. OECD (2012d), Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2012-en.
143. OECD (2012e), OECD Skills Strategy: Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives: A Strategic Approach to Kills Policies, Report prepared for the Ministerial Council Meeting, OECD, Paris, May.
144. OECD (2012f), Financial Education in Schools: Policy Guidance, Challenges and Case Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, forthcoming, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264174825-en.
145. OECD (2012g), "Recommendation on Guidelines for Financial Education in Schools and Guidance on Learning Framework on Financial Education", OECD Publishing, Paris, forthcoming.
146. Ouane, A. and C. Glanz (2010), "Why and How Africa Should Invest in African Languages and Multilingual Education. An Evidence and Practice-based Policy Advocacy Brief", in collaboration with the Association for the Development of Education in Africa, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, Germany.
147. Parvin, J. and C. Porter (2008), Learning to Love Science: Harnessing Children's Scientific Imagination, Report from the Chemical Industry Education Centre, University of York, United Kingdom.
148. Perry, V.G. and M.D. Morris (2005), "Who Is in Control The Role of Self Perception, Knowledge, and Income in Explaining Consumer Financial Behavior", Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 299-213.
149. Polidano, C. and C. Ryan (2012), "Gender Differences in the Transition from Secondary to Post-secondary Education: The Case of Australia", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
150. Pulerwitz, J., G. Barker and M. Segundo (2004), "Promoting Healthy Relationships and HIV/STI Prevention for Young Men: Positive Findings from an Intervention Study in Brazil", Horizons Research Update, Population Council, Washington, DC.
151. Quintini, G. (2011), "Over-Qualified or Under-Skilled: A Review of Existing Literature", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 121, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg58j9d7b6d-en.
152. Saito, M. (2011), "Trends in the Magnitude and Direction of Gender Differences in Learning Outcomes", Southern and Easter Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SAQMEC) Working Paper, September.
153. Sikora, J. and A. Pokropek (2011), "Gendered Career Expectations of Students: Perspectives from PISA 2006", OECD Education Working Papers, No. 57, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kghw6891gms-en.
154. Soares, F., R. Ribas and R. Osorio (2010), "Evaluating the Impact of Brazil's Bolsa Familia: Cash Transfer Programs in Comparative Perspective", Latin American Research Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 173-190.
155. Stango, V. and J. Zinman (2009), "Exponential Growth Bias and Household Finance", Journal of Finance, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 2807-2849.
156. Sy, V. (2011), Gender Equality in Education: Looking Beyond Parity. Summary of the Report on Gender and Educational Achievement in French-Speaking Africa: Study of Performances by primary-School Pupils, UNESCO, Paris.
157. UNESCO (2009), World Atlas of Gender Equality in Education, UNESCO, Paris.
158. UNESCO (2010), Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2010, UNESCO, Paris.
159. UNESCO (2011a), The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education, UNESCO, Paris.
160. UNESCO (2011b), Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011, UNESCO, Paris.
161. UNESCO (2012a), World Atlas of Gender Equality on Education, UNESCO, Paris.
162. UNESCO (2012b), Education Database, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx.
163. van Rooij, M., A. Lusardi and R. Alessie (2011), "Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 449-472, August.
164. Vermeersch, C. and M. Kremer (2005), "School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition: Evidence from Randomized Evaluation", World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 3523, Washington, DC.
165. WEF (2011), Global Gender Gap Report 2011, World Economic Forum, Geneva, available at http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-2011/#=.
166. WFP (2009), Feed Minds, Change Lives School Feeding: Highlights and New Directions, World Food Programme, Rome.
167. White House Council (2012), "Keeping America's Women moving forward: The Key to an Economy Built to Last", White House Council on Women and Girls, April.
168. World Bank (2009), "Women in 33 Countries Highly Vulnerable to Financial Crisis Effects", Press Release, No. 2009/245/PREM, Washington, DC, 6 March.
169. World Bank (2010), The Adolescent Girls Initiative: An Alliance for Economic Empowerment, World Bank, Washington, DC, October.
170. World Bank (2011), World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank, Washington, DC.
171. Adams, R.B. and D. Ferreira (2004), "Gender Diversity in the Boardroom", ECGI Working Paper Series, European Corporate Governance Institute, Brussels.
172. Adams, R.B. and D. Ferreira (2009), "Women in the Boardroom and their Impact on Governance and Performance", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 291-309.
173. Adams, R.B. and P. Funk (2009), "Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Does Gender Matter", UPF Working Paper Series, ECGI - Finance Working Paper, No. 273/2010, European Corporate Governance Institute, Brussels, available at SSRN: Http://ssrn.com/abstract=1475152orhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1475152.
174. Adams, R.B. and T. Kirchmaier (2012), "From Female Labor Force Participation to Boardroom Gender Diversity", Document presented at AEA meeting. San Diego, United States.
175. Adema, W. (2012), "Setting the Scene: The Mix of Family Policy Objectives and Packages Across the OECD", Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 34, Elsevier, pp. 487-498.
176. Adema, W., P. Fron and M. Ladaique (2011), "Is the European Welfare State Really More Expensive", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 124, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg2d2d4pbf0-en.
177. Ahern, K. and A. Dittmar (2010), "The Changing of the Boards: The Impact of Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation", Working Paper, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
178. Ahmed, W.M. (2012), "Gender Pay Gap in Egypt", Working Paper, No. 14, Economic Commission for Europe, Conference on European Statisticians.
179. AIM (2012), Gender Diversity in Management: Targeting Untapped Talent: First Steps, Australian Institute of Management, 21 February.
180. Albrecht, J., A. Bjorklund and S. Vroman (2003), "Is There a Glass Ceiling in Sweden", Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 145-177.
181. Andersen, L. and B. Muriel (2007), "Informality and Productivity in Bolivia: A Gender Differentiated Empirical Analysis", Development Research Working Paper Series, No. 07/2007, Institute for Advanced Development Studies, La Paz.
182. Anghel, B., S. de la Rica and J.J. Dolado (2011), "The Effects of Public Sector Employment on Women's Labour Market Outcomes", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 5825, Bonn.
183. Arulampalam, W., A.L. Booth and M.L. Bryan (2007), "Is There a Glass Ceiling over Europe Exploring the Gender Pay Gap across the Wage Distribution", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 60, No. 2, Cornell University, United Kingdom, pp. 163-186.
184. Baxter, J. and D. Smart (2011), "Fathering in Australia Among Couple Families with Young Children", Occasional Paper, No. 37, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services, and Indigenous Affairs, Australian Government.
185. Beauregard, T.A. and L.C. Henry (2009), "Making the Link Between Work-Life Balance Practices and Organizational Performance", Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 19, pp. 9-22.
186. Beblo, M. (2011), "An Assessment of Logib-D: Discussion Paper on Germany", Exchange of Good Practices on Gender Equality: Reducing the Gender Pay Gap, 5-6 December 2011, Berlin.
187. Beer, P. de and R. Luttikhuizen (1998), "Le 'modèle polder' néerlandais : Miracle ou mirage Réflexions sur le marché du travail et la politique de l'emploi aux Pays-Bas", in J.C. Barbier and J. Gautié (eds.), Les politiques de l'emploi en Europe et aux États-Unis, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, pp. 113-134.
188. Bettio, F. and A. Verashchagina (2009), "Gender Segregation in the Labour Market. Root Causes, Implications and Policy Responses in the EU", European Commission.
189. Bhatty, K. (2006), "Employment Guarantee and Child Rights", Economic and Political Weekly, 20May, pp. 1965-1967.
190. BIAC/OECD/AmCham (2012), "Findings from the Conference on Business Case for the Economic Empowerment of Women", 2 February 2012, Paris.
191. Bianco, M., A. Ciavarella and R. Signoretti (2011), "Women on Boards in Italy", CONSOB Working Paper, No. 70.
192. BIS (2011), Women on Boards, Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS), United Kingdom, February.
193. BIS (2012), Women on Boards, Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS), United Kingdom, March.
194. Blau, F. and L. Kahn (1997), "Swimming Upstream: Trends in the Gender Wage Differential in 1980s", Journal of Labour Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-42.
195. Blau, F. and L. Kahn (2006), "The US Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence", Industrial and Labour Relations Review, Vol. 60, No. 1, Cornell University, United Kingdom, pp. 45-66.
196. Bloom, N., T. Kretschmer and J. van Reenen (2009), "Work-Life Balance, Management Practices and Productivity", in R. Freeman and K. Shaw (eds.), International Differences in the Business Practice and Productivity of Firms, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, United States.
197. Bloom, N., T. Kretschmer and J. van Reenen (2010), "Are Family-Friendly Workplace Practices aValuable Firm Resource", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 343-367.
198. Bloom, N., C. Genakos, R. Sadun and J. van Reenen (2011), "Management Practices Across Firms and Countries", Working Paper, No. 12-052, Harvard Business School, United States, 15 November.
199. Böhren, O. and R. Ström (2005), "The Value-creating Board: Theory and Evidence", Research Report, No. 8/2005, Norwegian School of Management, Department of Financial Economics, Oslo, Norway.
200. Bonke, J., D. Gupta and N. Smith (2005), "TheTiming and Flexibility of Housework and Men's and Women's Wages", in D. Hamermesh and G. Pfann (eds.), The Economics of Time Use, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
201. Brooks-Gunn, J., W. Han and J. Waldfogel (2010), "First-year Maternal Employment and Child Development in the First 7 Years", Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 144-145.
202. Brown, A.H., D.L. Brown and V. Anatasopoulos (2002), Women on Boards. Not Just the Right Thing... But the Bright Thing, Conference Board of Canada Report, May.
203. Bryan, M. and A. Sevilla-Sanz (2011), "Does Housework Lower Wages Evidence for Britain", Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 63, pp. 187-210.
204. Buddelmeyer, H., G. Mourre and M. Ward (2005), "Part-Time Work in EU Countries: Labour Market Mobility, Entry and Exit", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1550, Bonn.
205. Camarano, A. (2004), "Os Novos Idosos Brasileiros: Muito Além dos 60", Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), Rio de Janeiro.
206. Campbell, K. and A. Minguez-Vera (2009), "Female Board Appointments and Firm Valuation: Short and Long-term Effects", Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 37-59.
207. Carter, D., B. Simkins and G. Simpson (2003), "Corporate Governance, Board Diversity and Firm Value", Financial Review, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 33-53.
208. Catalyst (2008), Advancing Women Leaders: The Connection Between Women Board Directors and Women Corporate Officers, United States, available at www.catalyst.org/file/229/wco-wbd-web.pdf.
209. Catalyst (2010), Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Board Directors 2010, United States, available at www.catalyst.org/file/413/2010-us-census-women-board-directors-final.pdf.
210. Catalyst (2011), Women on Boards, United States, available at www.catalyst.org/publication/433/womenon-boards.
211. Chen, M., J. Sebstad and L. O'Connell (1999), "Counting the Invisible Workforce: The Case of Homebased Workers", World Development, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 603-610.
212. Chen, M., J. Vanek, F. Lund, J. Heintz with R. Jhabvala and C. Booner (2005), "The Progress of the World's Women 2005: Women, Work and Poverty", United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), NewYork.
213. Childs, S. and M.L. Krook (2008), "Critical Mass Theory and Women's Political Representation", Political Studies, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 725-736.
214. Christofides, L.N., A. Polycarpou and K. Vrachimis (2010), "The Gender Wage Gaps, 'Sticky Floors' and 'Glass Ceilings' of the European Union", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 5044, Bonn.
215. Coles, J., N. Daniel and L. Naveen (2008), "Boards: Does One Size Fit All", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 329-356.
216. Conference Board of Canada (2003), "Balance at the Top: Encouraging Work-Life Effectiveness for Executives", Ottawa, available online at www.wallnetwork.ca/inequity/2mclean.pdf.
217. Connolly, S. and A. Holdcroft (2009), "The Pay Gap forWomen in Medicine and Academic Medicine", British Medical Association, available at www.medicalwomensfederation.org.uk/files/pay%20gap%20report.pdf.
218. Corporate Governance Code Monitoring Committee (2010), Second Report on Compliance with the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, The Hague, Netherlands.
219. Cranfield University (2010), The Female FTSE Board Report 2010: Opening Up the Appointment Process, Cranfield International Centre for Women Leaders, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield, United Kingdom.
220. Cranfield University (2012), The Female FTSE Board Report 2012, Cranfield International Centre for Women Leaders, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield, United Kingdom.
221. Dahlerup, D. (1988), "From a Small to a Large Minority: Women in Scandinavian Politics", Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 275-297.
222. De la Rica, S., J. Dolado and V. Llorens (2008), "Ceilings or Floors Gender Wage Gaps by Education in Spain", Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 751-776.
223. Del Boca, D., S. Pasqua and C. Pronzato (2009), "Motherhood and Market Work Decisions in Institutional Context: A European Perspective", Oxford Economic Papers, No. 61, pp. 147-171.
224. Dezso, C.L. and D.G. Ross (2011), "Does Female Representation in Top Management Improve Firm Performance A Panel Data Investigation", Robert H. Smith School Research Paper, No. RHS 06-104, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1088182.
225. Dex, S. (2010), "Can State Policies Produce Equality in Housework", in J. Treas and S. Drobnic (eds.), Dividing the Domestic: Men, Women, and Household Work in Cross-national Perspective, Studies In Social Inequality, Stanford University Press, Stanford, United States, pp. 79-104.
226. Dijkgraaf, M. and W. Portegijs (2008), "Arbeidsdeelname en wekelijkse arbeidsduur van vrouwen", in W. Portegijs and S. Keuzenkamp (eds.), Nederland deeltijdland, Vrouwen en deeltijdwerk, Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau, Gravenhage.
227. Ding, D. and C. Charoenwong (2004), "Women on Board: Is It Boon or Bane", Conference Paper presented at the 2004 FMA European Conference, Zürich, June.
228. EBRI (2011), "EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits", Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, DC, available at www.ebri.org/publications/books/fa=databook.
229. Ekberg, J., R. Eriksson and G. Friebel (2005), "Parental Leave - A Policy Evaluation of the Swedish 'Daddy-Month' Reform", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1617, Bonn.
230. European Commission (2010), Report on Progress on Equality between Women and Men in 2010: The Gender Balance in Business Leadership, European Union, Brussels.
231. European Commission (2011), Gender Balance in Decision-making Positions Database: Judiciary, available at http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/gender-decision-making/database/judiciary/index-en.htm, accessed April 2012.
232. European Commission (2012a), Women in Economic Decision-making in the EU: Progress Report, European Union, Brussels.
233. European Commission (2012b), "Data on National Administrations", available at http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/gender-decision-making/database/public-administration/national-administrations/index-en.htm.
234. Eydal, G. and I. Gislason (2008), "Equal Rights to Earn and Care - Paid Parental Leave in Iceland", Felags og Tryggingamala Raduneytid.
235. Fagnani, J. (2002), "Why Do French Women Have More Children than GermanWomen Family Policies and Attitudes Towards Child Care Outside the Home", Community, Work and Family, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 103-119.
236. FAO (2010), "Gender Dimensions of Agricultural and Rural Employment: Differentiated Pathways Out of Poverty - Status, Trends and Gaps", FAO-IFAD-ILO Report, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome.
237. Farrell, K.A. and P.L. Hersch (2005), "Additions to Corporate Boards: The Effect of Gender", Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 11, No. 1-2, pp. 85-106.
238. Federal Statistical Office (2012), "Geburten und Sterbefaelle", online database available at www.destatis.de, accessed 3 February 2012.
239. Felfe, C. (2012), "The Motherhood Wage Gap: What About Job Amenities", Labour Economics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 59-67.
240. Finland Central Chamber of Commerce (2010), "Female Leadership and Firm Profitability: Evaluation and Experience in Finland", Council of Europe, PACE hearing, Paris, 10 September.
241. Flabbi, L. and M.Tejada (2012), "Fields of Study Choices, Occupational Choices and Gender Differentials", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
242. GMI (2011), 2011 Women on Boards Report, Governance Metrics International, New York, available at www.gmiratings.com.
243. Gómez Ansón, S. (2012), "Women on Boards in Europe: Past, Present and Future", Women on Corporate Boards and in Top Management: European Trends and Policy, Work and Welfare in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, United Kingdom.
244. Gong, X. (2011), "The Added Worker Effect for Married Women in Australia", Economic Record, Vol. 87, No. 278, pp. 414-426.
245. Government of Austria (2011), "The Austrian Federal Civil Service 2011 - Fact and Figures", Bundeskanzleramt Österreich, available at www.bka.gv.at/DocView.axdCobId=44697.
246. Government of Germany (2010), Gleichstellung in der Bundesverwaltung - Erfahrungs- und Gremienbericht 2010, Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend Deutschland, available at www.bmfsfj.de/RedaktionBMFSFJ/Broschuerenstelle/Pdf-Anlagen/erfahrungs-und-gremienbericht, property=pdf, bereich=bmfsfj, sprache=de, rwb=true.pdf.
247. Government of New Zealand (2010), Human Resource Capability Survey of Public Service Departments as at 30 June 2010, State Services Commission, available at www.ssc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/hrc-survey-2010.pdf.
248. Government of Switzerland (2009), Promotion de l'égalité des chances entre femmes et hommes dans l'administration fédérale de 2004 à 2007 - Rapport d'évaluation au Conseil Fédéral, Office Fédéral du Personnel de la Suisse, available at www.efd.admin.ch/dokumentation/zahlen/00578/01476/index.htmllang=fr.
249. Grosvold, J. and S.J. Brammer (2011), "National Institutional Systems as Antecedents of Female Board Representation: An Empirical Study", Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 116-135.
250. Guégot, F. (2011), Rapport au Président de la République, L'égalité professionnelle hommes-femmes dans la fonction publique, La Documentation Française, Paris, available at www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/114000123/index.shtml.
251. Haas, L. and P.C. Hwang (2008), "The Impact of Taking Parental Leave on Fathers' Participation in Childcare and Relationships with Children: Lessons from Sweden", Community, Work and Family, Vol. 11, No. 11, pp. 85-104.
252. Hegewisch, A. (2009), "Flexible Working Policies: A Comparative Review", Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series, No. 16, Manchester, United Kingdom.
253. Hegewisch, A., H. Liepmann, J. Hayes and H. Hartmann (2010), "Separate and Not Equal Gender Segregation in the Labor Market and the Gender Wage Gap", Institute forWomen's Policy Research, Briefing Paper, No. 377, Washington, DC.
254. Hendy, R. (2012), "Female Labour Force Participation in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt and Jordan", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
255. Hertz, T. (2005), "The Effect of Minimum Wages on the Employment and Earnings of South Africa's Domestic Service Workers", Department of Economics Working Paper, American University, Washington, DC.
256. Holmes, R. and N. Jones (2011), "Public Works Programmes in Developing Countries: Reducing Gendered Disparities in Economic Opportunities", Overseas Development Institution, Paper prepared for the International Conference on Social Cohesion and Development, Paris, 20-21 January.
257. Hsieh, C.T., E. Hurst, C.I. Jones and P.J. Klenow (2012), "The Allocation of Talent and US Economic Growth", unpublished manuscript.
258. Huerta, M.C., W. Adema, J. Baxter, M. Corak, M. Deding, W.J. Han and J.Waldfogel (2011), "Early Maternal Employment and Child Development in Five OECD Countries", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 118, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg5dlmtxhvh-en.
259. Hurley, J., D, Storrie and J.M. Jungblut (2011), "Shifts in the Job Structure in Europe During the Great Recession", European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin.
260. Iglesias-Palau, A. (2009), "Pension Reform in Chile Revisited. What Has Been Learned", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 86, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/224473276417.
261. ILO (2002), "Pensiones No Contributivas y Asistenciales: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y Uruguay", International Labour Organization, Santiago.
262. ILO (2011), "Statistical Update on Employment in the Informal Economy", ILO Department of Statistics, ILO, Geneva, June, available at www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/WCMS-157467/lang-en/index.htm.
263. ILO (2012), "Women and Men in the Informal Economy - Statistical Picture", ILO, Geneva, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org/informal-economy-E.html.
264. ILO and UNDP (2009), "Work and Family: Towards New Forms of Reconciliation with Social Co-responsibility", International Labour Organization and United Nations Development Programme, Santiago, Chile.
265. IPU (2008), Equality in Politics: A Survey of Women and Men in Parliaments, Inter-Parliamentary Union, available at www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/equality08-e.pdf.
266. IPU Database (2011), "Women in National Parliaments", Inter-Parliamentary Union, available at www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.
267. Jütting, J.P. and C. Morrisson (2009), "Women, Bad Jobs, Rural Areas: What Can 'SIGI' Tell Us", OECD Development Centre, Paris, presented at the FAO-IFAD-ILO Workshop on Gaps, Trends and Current Research in Gender Dimensions of Agricultural and Rural Employment: Differentiated Pathways out of Poverty, Rome, Italy, 31 March-2 April 2009.
268. Jütting, J.P., A. Luci and C. Morrisson (2012), "Why Do So Many Women End Up in Bad Jobs: A Cross-Country Assessment for Developing Countries", European Journal for Development Research, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 530-549.
269. Kamerman, S.B. and P. Moss (eds.) (2009), "The Politics of Parental Leave Policy: Children, Parenting, Gender and the Labour Market", The Policy Press, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
270. Koettl, J. and M. Weber (2012), "Does Formal Work Pay The Role of Labor Taxation and Social Benefit Design in the New EU Member States", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6313, Bonn, January.
271. Lalanne, M. and P. Seabright (2011), "The Old Boy Network: Gender Differences in the Impact of Social Networks on Remuneration in Top Executive Jobs", CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 8623, United Kingdom.
272. La Valle, I., E. Clery and M.C. Huerta (2008), "Maternity Rights and Mother's Employment Decisions", Department for Work and Pensions, Research Report, No. 496, United Kingdom.
273. Lee, P.M. and E.H. James (2007), "She-e-os: Gender Effects and Investor Reactions to the Announcements of Top Executive Appointments", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 227-241.
274. Leschke, J. and M. Jepsen (2011), "The Economic Crisis - Challenge or Opportunity for Gender Equality in Social Policy Outcomes", ETUI Working Paper, No. 2011.04, European Trade Union Institute, Brussels.
275. Lewis, J. (2009), Work-Family Balance, Gender and Policy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, United Kingdom.
276. Lewis, J., M. Campbell and M.C. Huerta (2008), "Patterns of Paid and Unpaid Work in Western Europe: Gender, Commodification, Preferences and the Implications for Policy", Journal of European Social Policy, Vol. 18, No. 21, pp. 21-37.
277. Li, S. and J. Song (2011), "Changes in the Gender Wage Gap in Urban China, 1995-2007", CIBC Working Paper Series, No. 2011-20, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity, Canada.
278. Linck, J., J. Netter and T. Yang (2008), "The Determinants of Board Structure", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 308-328.
279. Liu, Y. and K. Deininger (2010), "Poverty Impacts of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: Evidence from Andhra Pradesh", Paper, No. 11171 prepared for a presentation at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 25-27 July.
280. Lo Sasso, A., M. Richards, C. Chou and S. Gerber (2011), "The $16, 819 Pay Gap for Newly Trained Physicians: The Unexplained Trend of Men Earning More Than Women", Health Affairs, February.
281. Lord Davies of Abersoch (2012), "Women on Boards", London.
282. Lückerath-Rovers, M. (2011), "Women on the Boards and Firm Performance", Journal of Management and Governance, pp. 1-19.
283. Maani, S. and A. Cruickshank (2010), "What Is the Effect of Housework on the Market Wage, and Can it Explain the GenderWage Gap", Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 402-427.
284. Macunovich, D. (2010), "Reversals in the Patterns of Women's Labor Supply in the US, 1976-2009", Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 133, No. 11, pp. 16-36.
285. Maier, F. (2011), "Will the Crisis Change Gender Relations in Labour markets and Society", Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Vol. 19, No. 01, pp. 83-95.
286. Marinova, J., J. Plantenga and C. Remery (2010), "Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: Evidence and Dutch and Danish Boardrooms", Discussion Paper Series, No. 10-03, Utrecht School of Economics, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
287. Marques Garcia, L., H. Ñopo and P. Salardi (2009), "Gender and Racial Wage Gaps in Brazil 1996-2006: Evidence Using a Matching Comparisons Approach", Working Paper, No. 681, Research Department, Inter-American Development Bank (BID), Washington, DC.
288. Matsumoto, M. (2011), "Wage Inequality in Indonesia: 1996-2009", unpublished manuscript, Hitotsubashi University, Japan.
289. Mattingly, M.J. and K.E. Smith (2010), "Changes in Wives' Employment when Husbands Stop Working: A Recession-Prosperity Comparison", Family Relations, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 343-357.
290. McKinsey and Company (2007), Women Matter: Gender Diversity. A Corporate Performance Driver.
291. McKinsey and Company (2008), "A Business Case for Women", McKinsey Quarterly, September.
292. McKinsey and Company (2010), Women at the Top of Corporations: Making It Happen.
293. McKinsey and Company (2011), "Changing Companies' Minds about Women", McKinsey Quarterly, September.
294. McKinsey and Company (2012), "Women Matter 2012: Making the Breakthrough", McKinsey and Company Europe, March.
295. Mencarini, L. and M. Sironi (2012), "Happiness, Housework and Gender Inequality in Europe", European Sociological Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 203-219.
296. Miranda, V. (2011), "Cooking, Caring and Volunteering: Unpaid Work Around the World", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 116, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kghrjm8s142-en.
297. MMSP (2011), "Étude Conciliation travail et famille - résultats préliminaires", ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics, Rabat, Maroc.
298. Moss, P. (2010), "International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2010", Employment Relations Research Series, No. 115, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, London.
299. Moss, P. (2011), "International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2011", International Network on Leave Polices and Research, London.
300. Muller, C. (2009), "Trends in the Gender Wage Gap and Gender Discrimination Among Part-time and Full-timeWorkers in Post-apartheid South Africa", Economic Research Southern Africa Working Paper, No. 124, South Africa.
301. Nepomnyaschy, L. and J. Waldfogel (2007), "Paternity Leave and Fathers' Involvement with their Young Children: Evidence from the American ECLS-B", Community, Work and Family, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 427-453.
302. Niehaus, P. and S. Sukhtankar (2009), "Corruption Dynamics: The Golden Goose Effect", unpublished manuscript, University of California, San Diego.
303. Nielsen, S. and M. Huse (2010), "The Contribution of Women on Boards of Directors: Going beyond the Surface", Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 136-148.
304. OECD (1994), Women and Structural Change. New Perspectives, OECD Publishing, Paris.
305. OECD (2004a), Principles of Corporate Governance, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264015999-en.
306. OECD (2004b), Babies and Bosses, Reconciling Work and Family Life, Vol. 3, New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264108356-en.
307. OECD (2007a), OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government: Belgium, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264038202-en.
308. OECD (2007b), Babies and Bosses, Reconciling Work and Family Life. A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264032477-en.
309. OECD (2008a), OECD Employment Outlook, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/empl-outlook-2008-en.
310. OECD (2008b), The State of the Public Service, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264047990-en.
311. OECD (2008c), Growing Unequal Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264044197-en.
312. OECD (2009a), Government at a Glance, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264075061-en.
313. OECD (2009b), "Is Informal NormalTowards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries", Development Centre Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264059245-en.
314. OECD (2009c), OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policy: Chile, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264060616-en.
315. OECD (2010a), Progress in Public Management in the Middle East and North Africa. Case Studies on Policy Reform, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264082076-en.
316. OECD (2010b), OECD Employment Outlook, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/empl-outlook-2010-en.
317. OECD (2010c), OECD Reviews of Human Resource Management in Government: Brazil 2010, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264082229-en.
318. OECD (2011a), "Survey on National Gender Frameworks, Gender Public Policies and Leadership", Developed by the MENA-OECD Governance Programme, OECD Publishing, Paris.
319. OECD (2011b), "Women's Economic Empowerment", Issue Paper, DAC Network on Gender Equality (GENDERNET), OECD Publishing, Paris, April.
320. OECD (2011c), Doing Better for Families, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264098732-en.
321. OECD (2011d), Report on the Gender Initiative: Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship 2011, Report prepared for the Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level, Paris, 25-26 May 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris.
322. OECD (2011e), "Exploratory Paper on Women's Entrepreneurship: Issues and Possible Research Agenda", Background paper for the OECD Gender Initiative.
323. OECD (2011f), Society at a Glance 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/soc-glance-2011-en.
324. OECD (2011g), Public Servants as Partners for Growth: Toward a Stronger, Leaner and More Equitable Workforce, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264166707-en.
325. OECD (2011h), "Survey on Gender in Public Employment", Developed by the MENA-OECD Governance Programme, OECD Publishing, Paris.
326. OECD (2011i), Statistical Database, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx.
327. OECD (2011j), OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policy: The Russian Federation, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264118720-en.
328. OECD (2011k), Help Wanted: Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264097759-en.
329. OECD (2011l), Pensions at a Glance, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/pension-glance-2011-en.
330. OECD (2012a), OECD Family Database, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.oecd.org/els/social/family/database.
331. OECD (2012b), Public Sector Compensation in Times of Austerity, OECD Publishing, Paris, forthcoming.
332. OECD (2012c), OECD Pensions Outlook 2012, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264169401-en.
333. OECD (2013, forthcoming), Women and Pensions, OECD Publishing, Paris, forthcoming.
334. Olivetti, C. and B. Petrongolo (2008), "Unequal Pay or Unequal Employment A Cross-Country Analysis of Gender Gaps", Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 621-654.
335. Piras, C., M. Saracostti and M. Sepúlveda (forthcoming), "Los servicios de cuidado infantil para niños y niñas en edad escolar primaria: La experiencia de América Latina", Inter-American Development Bank Technical Note.
336. Posadas, J. (2010), "Persistence of the Added Worker Effect: Evidence Using Panel Data from Indonesia", unpublished manuscript, World Bank, Washington, DC.
337. Randøy, T., S. Thomsen and L. Oxelheim (2006). "A Nordic Perspective on Corporate Board Diversity", Nordic Innovation Centre Project, No. 05030, Oslo, Worway.
338. Rhode, L.D. and K.A. Packel (2010). "Diversity on Corporate Boards: How Much Difference Does Difference Make", Working Paper, No. 89, Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University, United States.
339. Ribberink, A. (1998), Leidsvrouwen en zaakwaarneemsters, een geschiedenis van de aktiegroep Man Vrouw Maatschappij, 1968-1973, Verloren b.v.
340. Rose, C. (2007), "Does Female Board Representation Influence Firm Performance The Danish Evidence", Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 404-413.
341. Ross, S. (2003), "The Feminization of Medicine", update No. 20 of September 2003 of the Medical Women's International Association.
342. Sabarwal, S., N. Sinha, and M. Buvinic (2010), "How doWomenWeather Economic Shocks A Review of the Evidence", World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 5496, World Bank.
343. SEDESOL (2011), "Primer informe trimestral 2011. Programas de subsidio del ramo administrativo 20, Desarrollo Social", Social Development Secretariat (SEDESOL), Mexico.
344. Smith, N., V. Smith and M. Verner (2006), "Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance A Panel Study of 2500 Danish Firms", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 55, No. 7, pp. 569-593.
345. Sotsiaal Ministeerium (2009), Health, Labour and Social Life in Estonia 2000-2008, Tallinn, Estonia.
346. Stephens, M. (2002), "Worker Displacement and the Added Worker Effect", Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 504-537.
347. Staab, S. and R. Gerhard (2010), "Early Childhood Education and Care Policies in Latin America: For women or children or both", Gender and Development Programme Paper, No. 10, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Geneva.
348. Sweidan, M. (2012), "Male-Female Pay Differences, Jordanian Case", UNECE Working Paper, No. 23, Conference on European Statisticians, Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, 12-14 March.
349. Szebehely, M. (ed.) (2001), Välfärdstjänster i omvandling (Welfare Services in Transition), Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU), Vol. 2001:52, Fritzes, Stockholm.
350. Terjesen, S., R. Sealy and V. Singh (2009), "Women Directors on Corporate Boards: A Review and Research Agenda", Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 320-337.
351. The Economist (2011), Closing the Gap - Special Report on Women and Work, 26 November.
352. Thévenon, O. (2009), "IncreasedWomen's Labour Force Participation in Europe: Progress in the Work-Life Balance or Polarization of Behaviours", Population (English Edition), Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 235-272.
353. Thévenon, O. (2011), "Family Policies in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis", Population and Development Review, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 57-87.
354. UN Statistics (2012), "Statistics and Indicators on Women and Men", available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/tab6a.htm.
355. UN Women (2011), Progress of the World Women 2011-12, In Pursuit of Justice, UN Women, available at http://progress.unwomen.org/pdfs/EN-Report-Progress.pdf.
356. US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2009), Annual Report on the Federal Work Force, United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Office of Federal Operations.
357. UNODC (2010), "Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics", provided by UNODC to the OECD, Vienna, Austria, available at www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime.html.
358. Veenhoven, R. (2011), "Social Development and Happiness in Nations 1990-2010", Presentation at Conference Taking Stock: Measuring Social Development, International Institute of Social Studies, 14-15 December.
359. Veenhoven, R. (2012), World Database of Happiness, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Netherlands.
360. Visser, J. and A. Hemerijck (1998), A Dutch Miracle: Job Growth, Welfare Reform and Corporatism in the Netherlands, Amsterdam University Press.
361. Visser, J., T.Wilthagen, R. Beltzer and E. Koot-van der Putte (2004), "The Netherlands: From Atypicality to a Typicality", in S. Sciarra, P. Davies and M. Freedland (eds.), Employment Policy and the Regulation of Part-time Work in the European Union, A Comparative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 190-223.
362. WEF (2011), The Corporate Gender Gap Report 2011, World Economic Forum, Geneva.
363. White House Council (2012), "Keeping America's Women moving forward: The Key to an Economy Built to Last", White House Council on Women and Girls, Washington, DC, April.
364. WHO (2008), "Tackling Social and Economic Determinants of Health throughWomen's Empowerment, the SEWA Case Study", World Health Organization, Geneva.
365. Acs, Z.J. and D.B. Audretsch (1990), "The Determinants of Small-Firm Growth in US Manufacturing", Applied Economics, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 143-153.
366. Alesina, A.F., F. Lotti and P.E. Mistrulli (2008), "DoWomen Pay More for Credit Evidence from Italy", NBER Working Paper, No. 14202, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., Cambridge, United States.
367. Banerjee, A. and E. Duflo (2004), "Do Firms Want to Borrow More Testing Credit Constraints Using a Directed Lending Program", CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 4681, London.
368. Bauer, K. (2011), "Training Women for Success: An Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Training Programs in Vermont, USA", Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Vol. 14, pp. 1-24.
369. Becker-Blease, J.R. and J.E. Sohl (2007), "Do Women-owned Businesses Have Equal Access to Angel Capital", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 22, pp. 503-521.
370. Brush, C.G., P.G. Greene, D.J. Kelley and Y. Litovsky (2011), 2010Women's Report, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Executive Report, Babson College, United States.
371. Cohoon, J., V. Wadhwa and L. Mitchell (2010), "The Anatomy of an Entrepreneur: Are Successful Women Entrepreneurs Different from Men", Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, United States.
372. Cole, R.A. and H. Mehran (2009), "Gender and the Availability of Credit to Privately Held Firms: Evidence from the Surveys of Small Business Finances", Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Report, No. 383, August.
373. Coleman S. and A.M. Robb (2012), A Rising Tide, Financing Strategies for Women-owned Firms, Stanford University Press, Stanford, United States.
374. Cook, L.D. and C. Kongcharoen (2010), "The Idea Gap in Pink and Black", NBER Working Paper, No. 16331, Cambridge, United States.
375. Croson, R. and U. Gneezy (2009), "Gender Differences in Preferences", Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 448-474.
376. De Ferranti, D. and A.J. Ody (2007), "Beyond Microfinance: Getting Capital to Small and Medium Enterprises to Fuel Faster Development", Brookings Policy Brief Series, No. 159, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
377. De Mel, S., D. McKenzie and C.Woodruff (2009a), "AreWomen More Credit Constrained Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns", American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-32.
378. De Mel, S., D. McKenzie and C.Woodruff (2009b), "Innovative Firms or Innovative Owners Determinants of Innovation in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 3962, Bonn.
379. Demirguc-Kunt, A. and L. Klapper (2012), "Measuring Financial Inclusion:The Global Findex Database", World Bank Policy Research Paper, No. 6025, Washington, DC.
380. Ding, W., F. Murray and T.E. Stuart (2006). "Gender Differences in Patenting in the Academic Life Sciences", Science, Vol. 313, No. 5787, pp. 665-667.
381. Dupas, P. and J. Robinson (2009), "Savings Constraints and Microenterprise Development: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya", NBER Working Paper, No. 14693, Cambridge, United States.
382. Ellis, A., J. Cutura, N. Dione, I. Gillson, C. Manuel and J. Thongori (2007), Gender and Economic Growth in Kenya: Unleashing the Power of Women, World Bank, Washington, DC.
383. European Commission (2008), Evaluation on Policy: Promotion of Women Innovators and Entrepreneurship - Final Report, GHK-Technopolis, Brussels, available at http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/-getdocument.cfmdoc-id=3815/accessed 7 February 2012.
384. European Commission (2009), Flash Eurobarometer: Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond, European Commission, Brussels.
385. European Commission (2012), "Entrepreneurship Education at School in Europe: National Strategies, Curricula and Learning Outcomes", Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA), Eurydice and Policy Support, Brussels.
386. Eurostat (2008), "Statistics Explained: Factors of Business Success Survey", Luxembourg, available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics-explained/index.php/Factors-of-business-success, accessed 27 January 2012.
387. Eurostat (2011), "Statistics Explained: Access to Finance Statistics", Luxembourg, available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics-explained/index.php/Access-to-finance-statistics accessed 27 January 2012.
388. Fafchamps, M., D. McKenzie, S.R. Quinn and C. Woodruff (2011), "When Is Capital Enough to Get Female Microenterprises Growing Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Ghana", NBER Working Paper, No. 17207, Cambridge, United States.
389. Fairlie, R.W. and A.M. Robb (2009), "Gender Differences in Business Performance: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey", Small Business Economics, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 375-395.
390. Farrell, D. (2004), "The Hidden Dangers of the Informal Economy", McKinsey Quarterly, No. 3, pp. 26-37.
391. Frietsch, R., I. Haller, M.F. Vrohlings and H. Grupp (2009), "Gender-specific Patterns in Patenting and Publishing", Research Policy, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 590-599.
392. Gambardella, A. (2012), Final Report the Inventor Survey in Europe, the US, and Japan, Report for the EU INNOS&T PROJECT, http://bcmmnty-qp.unibocconi.it/QuickPlace/innovativest/Main.nsf/h-Toc/6F62C34308AE1B45C1257460004519ED/OpenDocument, accessed 7 February 2012.
393. Gatewood, E.J., C.G. Brush, N.M. Carter, P.G. Greene and M.M. Hart (2009), "Diana: A Symbol ofWomen Entrepreneurs' Hunt for Knowledge, Money, and the Rewards of Entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 129-144.
394. Gaule, P. and M. Piacentini (2012), "Gender, Social Networks and Access to Venture Capital", unpublished manuscript.
395. Gompers, P. and J. Lerner (2003), "Short-Term America Revisited Boom and Bust in the Venture Capital Industry and the Impact on Innovation", NBER Chapters, in A. Jaffe, J. Lerner and S. Stern (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 3, pp. 1-28, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., Cambridge, United States.
396. Gottschalk, S. and M. Niefert (2011), "Gender Differences in Business Success of German Start-up Firms", ZEW Discussion Paper, No. 11-019, Mannheim.
397. Gurley-Calvez, T., K. Harper and A. Biehl (2009), "Self-EmployedWomen and Time Use", Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, available at http://archive.sba.gov/advo/research/rs341tot.pdf.
398. IFC (2011), "Strengthening Access to Finance for Women-Owned SMEs in Developing Countries", Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion and International Finance Corporation, available at www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/a4774a004a3f66539f0f9f8969adcc27/G20-Women-Report.pdfMOD=AJPERES.
399. Italian Chamber of Commerce - Unioncamere (2010), "Dati dell'Osservatorio sull'Imprenditoria Femminile", available at www.unioncamere.gov.it/P43K630O0/imprenditoria-femminile.htm, accessed 24 January 2012.
400. Jung, O. (2010), "Women Entrepreneurs", Small Business Financing Profiles, Industry Canada, Small Business and Tourism Branch, Ottawa.
401. Karlan, D. and J. Morduch (2009), "Access to Finance", in D. Rodrik and M. Rosenzweig (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
402. Klapper, L. (2012), "Two Persistent Divides in Financial Inclusion: Gender and Rural", CGAP, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, available at http://microfinance.cgap.org/2012/04/25/two-persistent-divides-infinancial-inclusion-gender-and-rural/.
403. Klein, J. and C.Wayman (2008), "Encouraging Entrepreneurship: A Microenterprise Development Policy Agenda", Community Investments, pp. 15-30, available at www.frbsf.org/publications/community/investments/0812/klein-wayman.pdf, accessed 30 January 2012.
404. La Porta, R. and A. Shleifer (2008), "The Unofficial Economy and Economic Development", NBER Working Paper, No. 14520, Cambridge, United States.
405. Maloney, W.F., P. Fajnzylber and G. Montes-Rojas (2011), "Does Formality Improve Micro-firm Performance Evidence from the Brazilian SIMPLES Program", Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 262-276.
406. McKenzie, D.J. and C. Woodruff (2006), "Do Entry Costs Provide an Empirical Basis for Poverty Traps Evidence from Mexican Microenterprises", Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 3-42.
407. McKenzie, D., S. De Mel and C.Woodruff (2012), "The Demand for, and Consequences of, Formalization Among Informal Firms in Sri Lanka", Policy Research Working Paper Series, No. 5991, World Bank, Washington, DC.
408. Muravyev, A., D. Schafer and O. Talavera (2007), "Entrepreneurs' Gender and Financial Constraints: Evidence from International Data", Discussion Paper, No. 706, German Institute of Economic Research, Berlin.
409. Murray, F. and L. Graham (2007), "Buying Science and Selling Science: Gender Stratification in Commercial Science", Industrial and Corporate Change Special Issue on Technology Transfer, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 657-689.
410. Novakova, J. (2006), Promoting Women's Entrepreneurship in Technology Sectors: Good Practice Examples from the EU and Other Countries, Report for the project "Reducing Causes of Professional Segregation", available at www.athenaswan.org.uk/downloads/research/Latvia6.pdf, accessed 9 February 2012.
411. Observatorio Empresas (2009), "Encuesta longitudinal de empresas: Resultados seleccionados por género", available at www.wim-network.org/2010/09/chile-encuesta-longitudinal-de-empresasresultados-seleccionados-por-genero/, accessed 3 February 2012.
412. OECD (2005), Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264013100-en.
413. OECD (2009a), "The Impact of the Global Crisis on SME and Entrepreneurship Financing and Policy Responses", OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/34/43183090.pdf, accessed 3 February 2012.
414. OECD (2009b), "Is Informal Normal Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries", Development Centre Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264059245-en.
415. OECD (2010), The OECD Innovation Strategy: Getting a Head Start on Tomorrow, OECD Publishing, Paris.
416. OECD (2011a), "Aid in Support ofWomen's Economic Empowerment", OECD Publishing, Paris, available at www.oecd.org/investment/aidstatistics/46864237.pdf.
417. OECD (2011b), Financing High Growth Firms: The Role of Angel Investors, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264118782-en.
418. OECD (2012a), Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2012, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/entrepreneur-aag-2012-en.
419. OECD (2012b), Women in Business: Policies to Support Women's Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264179073-en.
420. Page, S.E. (2008), "The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies", Princeton University Press, United States, out of print.
421. Robb, A. and J. Watson (2010), "Comparing the Performance of Female- And Male-Controlled SMEs: Evidence from Australia and the US", Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 1-12.
422. RSM McGladrey (2008), "2007 Survey of Women Business Owners", available at http://mcgladrey.com/Knowledge-Center/Downloads/WBOSurvey2007-1/wbosurvey2007.pdf, accessed 30 January 2012.
423. Sabarwal, S. and K. Terrell (2008), "Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia", IZA Discussion Paper, No. 3758, Bonn.
424. Shinnar, R., M. Pruett and B. Toney (2009), "Entrepreneurship Education: Attitudes Across Campus", Journal of Education for Business, Vol. 84, No. 3, pp. 151-158.
425. Small Business Service (2005), Myths Surrounding Starting and Running a Business, DTI Small Business Service, London.
426. Spring, A. (2009), "African Women in the Entrepreneurial Landscape: Reconsidering the Formal and Informal Sectors", Journal of African Business, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 11-30.
427. Stevenson, L. (2010), Private Sector and Enterprise Development: Fostering Growth in the Middle East and North Africa, Edgar Elgar and International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa.
428. Stevenson, L. (2011), "The Role of Women's Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Labour Market", High-Level Consultation of the MENA-OECD Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development, 16 May 2011, Paris.
429. Stuart, T.E. and O. Sorenson (2010), "Strategic Networks and Entrepreneurial Ventures", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3-4, pp. 211-227.
430. Taylor, M.P. (2001), "Self-employment and Windfall Gains in Britain: Evidence from Panel Data", Economica, Vol. 68, No. 272, pp. 539-565.
431. UNCTAD (2011), "Women's Entrepreneurship and Innovation:A Comparative Perspective", United Nations, Geneva.
432. United Nations (2008), "Making the Law Work for Everyone", Vol. 1, Report of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, UNDP, NewYork.
433. US Census (2009), "Results from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners", available at www.census.gov/econ/sbo/accessed 30 January 2012.
434. US Department of Commerce (2010), "Women-owned Businesses in the 21st Century", Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.
435. USPTO (2009), "US Patents - Custom Data Extracts", United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States.
436. White House Council (2012), "Keeping America's Women Moving Forward: The Key to an Economy Built to Last", White House Council on Women and Girls, Washington, DC, April.
437. Adams, R.B. and D. Ferreira (2007), "A Theory of Friendly Boards", Journal of Finance, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 217-250.
438. Auriol, L. (2010), "Careers of Doctorate Holders: Employment and Mobility Patterns", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper, No. 2010/04, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmh8phxvvf5-en.
439. Australian Public Service Commission (2011), State of the Service 2010-11, available at www.apsc.gov.au/stateoftheservice/1011/report.pdf.
440. Beck, T., A. Demirgüç-Kunt and R. Levine (2007), "Finance, Inequality and the Poor", Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 12, No. 1, Springer, pp. 27-49.
441. Becker, G. (1985), "Human Capital, Effort and the Sexual Division of Labor", Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1, Part 2, pp. S33-S58.
442. Breen, R. and L.P. Cooke (2005), "The Persistence of the Gendered Division of Domestic Labour", European Sociological Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 43-57.
443. Bremer, J. (2009), Position Paper: Introducing Gender Analysis into Regulatory Frameworks, Report prepared for the first meeting of the Gender Focus Group of the MENA-OECD Governance Programme on "Addressing Gender in Public Management", available at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/50/43088074.pdf.
444. Buddelmeyer, H., G. Mourre and M.Ward (2008), "Why EuropeansWork Part-time A Cross-country Panel Analysis", inW. Polachek and K. Tatsiramos (eds.), Work, Earnings and Other Aspects of the Employment Relation, Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 28, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 81-139.
445. Catalyst (2007), The Bottom Line: Corporate Performance and Women's Representation on Boards, United States, available at www.catalyst.org/file/139/bottom%20line%202.pdf.
446. Centre for State and Local Government Excellence (2011), "Comparing Compensation: State-Local versus Private Sector Workers", available at http://slge.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/BC-brief-Comparing-Compensation-12-082.pdf.
447. Chen, M. and G. Raveendran (2012), "Urban Employment in India: Recent Trends and Patterns", Paper for the Workshop on Growth and Inclusion: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives, 13 January, Delhi.
448. D'Souza, A. (2010), "Moving Toward DecentWork for DomesticWorkers: An Overview if the ILO's Work", Working Paper, No. 2, Bureau for Gender Equality, ILO, Geneva.
449. Da Costa, R., J.R. de Laiglesia, E. Martinez and A. Melguizo (2011), "The Economy of the Possible: Pensions and Informality in Latin America", OECD Development Centre Working Paper, No. 295, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kgj0vdgrk8v-en.
450. Dee, T.S. (2007), "Teachers and the Gender Gap in Student Achievement", Journal of Human Resources, Vol. XLII, No. 3, pp. 528-554.
451. Deloitte (2011), The Gender Dividend: Making the Business Case for Investing in Women, available at www.deloitte.com/investinginwomen#.
452. Département Fédéral des Finances et Office Fédéral du Personnel (2009), "LOGIB pour l'Administration Fédérale", Bureau International de l'Égalité entre Femmes et Hommes, Suisse, www.ebg.admin.ch/dienstleistungen/00017/index.htmllang=fr.
453. Département Fédéral des Finances et Office Fédéral du Personnel (2011), Valeurs cibles et indicateurs stratégiques pour la gestion du personnel, Stratégie concernant le personnel de l'administration fédérale pour les années 2011-15, Suisse.
454. Duryea, S., G. Marquez, C. Pagés, S. Scarpetta and C. Reinhart (2006), "For Better or for Worse Job and Earnings Mobility in Nine Middle and Low-Income Countries", Brookings Trade Forum, Global Labour Markets, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, pp. 187-209.
455. Edward, M. and M. Kremer (2004), "Worms: Indentifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities", Econometrica, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 159-217.
456. EUROFOUND (2010), Addressing the Gender Pay Gap: Government and Social Partners Actions, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, available at www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2010/18/en/2/EF1018EN.pdf.
457. EZI (2010), European Board Diversity Analysis 2010: Is It Getting Easier to Find Women on European Boards, Egon Zehnder International.
458. Finnie, R. and M. Frenette (2003), "Earning Differences by Major Field of Study: Evidence from Three Cohorts of Recent Canadian Graduates", Economics of Education Review, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 179-192.
459. German's Federal Act on Equal Opportunities between Women and Men in the Federal Administration and the Courts of the Federation available online at www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgleig/index.html.
460. Government of Canada (2011), Eighteenth Annual Report of the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada, Privy Council Office Canada, available at www.clerk.gc.ca/local-grfx/docs/18rpt-eng.pdf.
461. Government of New South Wales (2008), Making the Public Sector Work Better for Women 2008-12, available at www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0005/30299/Making-the-public-sector-work-better-for-women-Strategy-2008-2012.pdf.
462. Hemerijck, A., B. Unger and J.Visser (2000), "How Small Countries Negotiate Twenty-five Years of Policy Adjustment in Austria, the Netherlands and Belgium", in F. Scharpf and J. Visser (eds.), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. II, Oxford University Press, Oxford, United States, pp. 176-263.
463. IIPS (2007), "National Family Health Survey 2005-06 India", Vol. I, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
464. ILO and OECD (2011), "Questionnaire on Statistics of the Public Sector Employment. and International Labour Organization", Labour Statistics Database, available online at http://laborsta.ilo.org/.
465. INSEE (2005), "Secteur public, secteur privé : Quelques éléments de comparaison salariales", Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Paris, available at www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs-ffc/salfra05b.pdf.
466. INSEE (2011), "Fiches thématiques : Synthèse des actifs occupés", Emploi et Salaires, Edition 2011, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Paris, available at www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs-ffc/ref/empsal11h.pdf.
467. IPU (2006), The Role of Parliamentary Committees in Mainstreaming Gender and Promoting the Status of Women, Inter-Parliamentary Union, Geneva, available at www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/wmn-seminar06-en.pdf.
468. Jacob, M., C. Kleinert and M. Kuehhirt (2009), "Trends in Gender Disparities at the School toWorkTransition in Germany", Mannheimer Zentrum fuer Europaeische Sozialforschung (MZES), Mannheim.
469. Kanazawa, S. (2005), "Is Discrimination Necessary to Explain the Sex Gap in Earnings", Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 269-287.
470. Kay, R., B. Günterberg, M. Holz and H.J. Wolter (2003), "Female Entrepreneurs in Germany", Expert opinion on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour presented by the Institut für Mittelstandsforschung, Bonn, 31 March.
471. Kremer, M., M. Edward and R. Thomton (2009), "Incentive to Learn", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 437-456.
472. Lee, K.W. and K. Cho (2005), "Female Labour Force Participation During Economic Crisis in Argentina and the Republic of Korea", International Labour Review, Vol. 144, No. 4.
473. Mavriplis, C., R. Heller, C. Beil, K. Dam, N.Yassinskaya, M. Shaw and C. Sorensen (2010), "Mind the Gap: Women in STEM Career Breaks", Journal of Technology Management and Innovation 2010, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 140-151.
474. Morrison, A. and S. Sabarwal (2008), "The Economic Participation of Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Why does it Matter", The Adolescent Girls Initiative Note, World Bank, Washington, DC.
475. Nordman, C.J. and L. Pasquier-Doumer (2011), "Transitions and Occupational Changes in a West African Urban Labour Market: The Role of Social Network", CSAE 25th Anniversary Conference 2011 "Economic Development in Africa", 20-22 May 2011, Oxford, United Kingdom.
476. Norwegian Ministry of Children and Equality (2009), Gender Equality 2009 Objectives, Strategies and Measures for Ensuring Gender Equality, Oslo, available at www.regjeringen.no/upload/BLD/Rapporter/2008/BLD-likestillingsrapport-eng-.pdf.
477. O'Reilly, J. and C. Fagan (1998), "Part-Time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-Time Work in Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim", Routledge, London.
478. OECD (2006), Live Longer, Work Longer, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264035881-en.
479. OECD (2011a), OECD Employment Outlook, OECD Publishing, Paris.
480. OECD (2011b), Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising, OECD Publishing, Paris, DOI: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264119536-en.
481. Office of the Auditor General of Canada (2009), Spring Report of the Auditor General of Canada, Ontario, Canada, available at www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/parl-oag-200905-01-e-32514.html#hd5e.
482. Portegijs, W. (2008), "Opvattingen over arbeidsduur van vrouwen", inW. Portegijs and S. Keuzenkamp (eds.), Nederland deeltijdland, Vrouwen en deeltijdwerk, Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau, Gravenhage.
483. Premier and Cabinet Office for Women's Policy of New SouthWales, Australia (2011), "Key Facts andTrends in Part-timeWork: NSW Women", New SouthWales, Australia, available at www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0019/115255/women-parttime.pdf.
484. Privy Council Office Canada (2011), Eighteenth Annual Report of the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada, Canada, available at www.clerk.gc.ca/local-grfx/docs/18rpt%1eeng.pdf.
485. Puerto, O.S. (2007), "Labor Market Impact on Youth: A Meta-analysis of the Youth Employment Inventory", Background paper for the World Bank's 2007 Youth Employment Inventory, conducted by the Social Protection and Labor Unit of the Human Development Network, Washington, DC.
486. Report of the Minister for Gender Equality in Denmark to the Parliament (2009), 2009 Perspectives and Action Plan, Copenhagen, available at http://miliki.dk/fileadmin/ligestilling/PDF/PHplan/PH-plan-2011-eng.pdf.
487. Steger, G. (2010), "Gender Budgeting - The Austrian Experience", PowerPoint presentation delivered at the 3rd Annual Meeting of Middle East and North Africa Senior Budget Officials (MENA-SBO), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 31st October-1st November 2010, available at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/14/58/46384463.pdf.
488. Torberg Falch, T., L.E. Borge, P. Lujala, O.H. Nyhus and B. Strøm (2010), "Completion and Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Norway: Causes and Consequences", Centre for Economic Research at Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, October.
489. Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (2010), "Demographic Snapshot of the Federal Public Service", available at www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/res/stats/demo-eng.asp, accessed 24 February.
490. United Nations (2010), The World's Women 2010: Trends and Statistics, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York.
491. UN Commission on the Status of Women (2010), "Interactive Expert Panel on the Evolving Status and Role of National Mechanisms for Gender Equality", United Nations, available at www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing15/hlroundtables/Issues%20paper%20national%20mechanisms-11%20Feb.pdf and www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing15/interactive-panel-VI/Panel%20VI%20%1e%20Jahan, %20Rounaq.pdf.
492. UNDP (2011), Human Development Report 2011, United Nations Development Programme, New York, available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR-2011-EN-Tables.pdf.
493. US Department of Labour (2011), "Data onWages and Salaries in the State and Local Government and the Private Industry by Occupational Group", US Department of Labour, Bureau of Labour Statistics, available at www.bls.gov/news.release/ecec.toc.htm.
494. US Merit Systems Protection Board (2009), Fair and Equitable Treatment: Progress Made and Challenges Remaining, Report to the President and Congress of the United States by the US Merit Systems Protection Board, Washington, DC.
495. Watson, N. and M.Wooden (2010), "Data Survey: The HILDA Survey: Progress and Future Developments", Australian Economic Review, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 326-336.
496. World Bank (2009), "Youth and Employment in Africa: The Potential, the Problem, the Promise. African Development Indicators 2008/2009", World Bank, Washington, DC.
497. World Bank (2010), "Active Labour Market Programs for Youth. A Framework to Guide Youth Employment Initiatives", World Bank Employment Policy Primer, No. 16, Washington, DC, November.
498. World Bank (2012), "Women, Business and the Law - Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion", IBRD, World Bank, Washington, DC, available at http://wbl.worldbank.org//media/FPDKM/WBL/Documents/Reports/2012/Women-Business-and-the-Law-2012.pdf.