메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 267-274

The long-term association between physical activity and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama Study

Author keywords

Alzheimer s disease; Dementia; Physical activity; Prospective cohort studies

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HAZARD RATIO; HUMAN; JAPANESE (PEOPLE); LEISURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIINFARCT DEMENTIA; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK FACTOR; DEMOGRAPHY; EXERCISE; HEALTH SURVEY; INCIDENCE; JAPAN; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PROSPECTIVE STUDY;

EID: 84957601063     PISSN: 03932990     EISSN: 15737284     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0125-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0036278106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia as a predictor of functional disability: a four-year follow-up study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zhtVarsQ%3D%3D, PID: 12053112
    • Sauvaget C, Yamada M, Fujiwara S, Sasaki H, Mimori Y. Dementia as a predictor of functional disability: a four-year follow-up study. Gerontology. 2002;48(4):226–33.
    • (2002) Gerontology , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 226-233
    • Sauvaget, C.1    Yamada, M.2    Fujiwara, S.3    Sasaki, H.4    Mimori, Y.5
  • 2
    • 0029787185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer’s disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK28zjs1Sjsg%3D%3D, PID: 8757016
    • Bowen JD, Malter AD, Sheppard L, Kukull WA, McCormick WC, Teri L, et al. Predictors of mortality in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1996;47(2):433–9.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 433-439
    • Bowen, J.D.1    Malter, A.D.2    Sheppard, L.3    Kukull, W.A.4    McCormick, W.C.5    Teri, L.6
  • 3
    • 84866290209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia: a global health priority—highlights from an ADI and World Health Organization report
    • PID: 22995353
    • Wortmann M. Dementia: a global health priority—highlights from an ADI and World Health Organization report. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2012;4(5):40.
    • (2012) Alzheimers Res Ther , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 40
    • Wortmann, M.1
  • 5
    • 70349573904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly: results from the Three-City Study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtV2rtrnP, PID: 19752452
    • Akbaraly TN, Portet F, Fustinoni S, Dartigues JF, Artero S, Rouaud O, et al. Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly: results from the Three-City Study. Neurology. 2009;73(11):854–61.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , Issue.11 , pp. 854-861
    • Akbaraly, T.N.1    Portet, F.2    Fustinoni, S.3    Dartigues, J.F.4    Artero, S.5    Rouaud, O.6
  • 6
    • 84860726725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC38rmsVCnsg%3D%3D, PID: 22517108
    • Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Yu L, Shah RC, Wilson RS, Bennett DA. Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology. 2012;78(17):1323–9.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , Issue.17 , pp. 1323-1329
    • Buchman, A.S.1    Boyle, P.A.2    Yu, L.3    Shah, R.C.4    Wilson, R.S.5    Bennett, D.A.6
  • 7
    • 33644800309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older
    • PID: 16418406
    • Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Crane P, et al. Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(2):73–81.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-81
    • Larson, E.B.1    Wang, L.2    Bowen, J.D.3    McCormick, W.C.4    Teri, L.5    Crane, P.6
  • 8
    • 15744372044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, APOE genotype, and dementia risk: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
    • PID: 15781953
    • Podewils LJ, Guallar E, Kuller LH, Fried LP, Lopez OL, Carlson M, et al. Physical activity, APOE genotype, and dementia risk: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(7):639–51.
    • (2005) Am J Epidemiol , vol.161 , Issue.7 , pp. 639-651
    • Podewils, L.J.1    Guallar, E.2    Kuller, L.H.3    Fried, L.P.4    Lopez, O.L.5    Carlson, M.6
  • 9
    • 4544305451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvFGitr0%3D, PID: 15383515
    • Abbott RD, White LR, Ross GW, Masaki KH, Curb JD, Petrovitch H. Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA. 2004;292(12):1447–53.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , Issue.12 , pp. 1447-1453
    • Abbott, R.D.1    White, L.R.2    Ross, G.W.3    Masaki, K.H.4    Curb, J.D.5    Petrovitch, H.6
  • 10
    • 0037097703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen Project
    • PID: 12048221
    • Wang HX, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen Project. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(12):1081–7.
    • (2002) Am J Epidemiol , vol.155 , Issue.12 , pp. 1081-1087
    • Wang, H.X.1    Karp, A.2    Winblad, B.3    Fratiglioni, L.4
  • 11
    • 0035956486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2Fls1arsw%3D%3D, PID: 11756603
    • Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 2001;57(12):2236–42.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.12 , pp. 2236-2242
    • Scarmeas, N.1    Levy, G.2    Tang, M.X.3    Manly, J.4    Stern, Y.5
  • 12
    • 0037168799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38jjvVentA%3D%3D, PID: 12499482
    • Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Bienias JL, Aggarwal NT, Mendes De Leon CF, Morris MC, et al. Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons. Neurology. 2002;59(12):1910–4.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , Issue.12 , pp. 1910-1914
    • Wilson, R.S.1    Bennett, D.A.2    Bienias, J.L.3    Aggarwal, N.T.4    Mendes De Leon, C.F.5    Morris, M.C.6
  • 13
    • 68849119553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, diet, and risk of Alzheimer disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpslyntbg%3D, PID: 19671904
    • Scarmeas N, Luchsinger JA, Schupf N, Brickman AM, Cosentino S, Tang MX, et al. Physical activity, diet, and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2009;302(6):627–37.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , Issue.6 , pp. 627-637
    • Scarmeas, N.1    Luchsinger, J.A.2    Schupf, N.3    Brickman, A.M.4    Cosentino, S.5    Tang, M.X.6
  • 14
    • 0029012763 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2Mzgtlarsw%3D%3D, PID: 7783883
    • Yoshitake T, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Ohmura T, Iwamoto H, Nakayama K, et al. Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. Neurology. 1995;45(6):1161–8.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 1161-1168
    • Yoshitake, T.1    Kiyohara, Y.2    Kato, I.3    Ohmura, T.4    Iwamoto, H.5    Nakayama, K.6
  • 16
    • 35948959792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delaying dementia and nursing home placement: the Dubbo study of elderly Australians over a 14-year follow-up
    • PID: 17986578
    • McCallum J, Simons LA, Simons J, Friedlander Y. Delaying dementia and nursing home placement: the Dubbo study of elderly Australians over a 14-year follow-up. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2007;1114:121–9.
    • (2007) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1114 , pp. 121-129
    • McCallum, J.1    Simons, L.A.2    Simons, J.3    Friedlander, Y.4
  • 17
    • 84877875457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between physical activity and dementia in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study
    • PID: 23385659
    • de Bruijn RF, Schrijvers EM, de Groot KA, Witteman JC, Hofman A, Franco OH, et al. The association between physical activity and dementia in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(3):277–83.
    • (2013) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-283
    • de Bruijn, R.F.1    Schrijvers, E.M.2    de Groot, K.A.3    Witteman, J.C.4    Hofman, A.5    Franco, O.H.6
  • 18
    • 84884351779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Japanese: half-century data from the Hisayama Study (1961–2009)
    • PID: 23902756
    • Hata J, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Nagata M, Mukai N, Gotoh S, et al. Secular trends in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Japanese: half-century data from the Hisayama Study (1961–2009). Circulation. 2013;128(11):1198–205.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , Issue.11 , pp. 1198-1205
    • Hata, J.1    Ninomiya, T.2    Hirakawa, Y.3    Nagata, M.4    Mukai, N.5    Gotoh, S.6
  • 19
    • 84887504570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of nutritional intakes and food group intakes over a 40-year period in Hisayama
    • (in Japanese)
    • Tomonou M, Shirota T, Uchida K, Kiyohara Y. Changes of nutritional intakes and food group intakes over a 40-year period in Hisayama. Nakamura Gakuen Daigaku Kenkyu Kiyo. 2007;39:255–62 (in Japanese).
    • (2007) Nakamura Gakuen Daigaku Kenkyu Kiyo , vol.39 , pp. 255-262
    • Tomonou, M.1    Shirota, T.2    Uchida, K.3    Kiyohara, Y.4
  • 20
    • 77956320940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in a Japanese community: the Hisayama Study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cjps12msQ%3D%3D, PID: 20626720
    • Sekita A, Ninomiya T, Tanizaki Y, Doi Y, Hata J, Yonemoto K, et al. Trends in prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in a Japanese community: the Hisayama Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(4):319–25.
    • (2010) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.122 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-325
    • Sekita, A.1    Ninomiya, T.2    Tanizaki, Y.3    Doi, Y.4    Hata, J.5    Yonemoto, K.6
  • 21
    • 84901942973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife and late-life handgrip strength and risk of cause-specific death in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study
    • Kishimoto H, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Nemeth H, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D, et al. Midlife and late-life handgrip strength and risk of cause-specific death in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 2014;68(7):663–8.
    • (2014) J Epidemiol Commun Health , vol.68 , Issue.7 , pp. 663-668
    • Kishimoto, H.1    Hata, J.2    Ninomiya, T.3    Nemeth, H.4    Hirakawa, Y.5    Yoshida, D.6
  • 22
    • 79959704345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife and late-life blood pressure and dementia in Japanese elderly: the Hisayama Study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXns12ns70%3D, PID: 21555680
    • Ninomiya T, Ohara T, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D, Doi Y, Hata J, et al. Midlife and late-life blood pressure and dementia in Japanese elderly: the Hisayama Study. Hypertension. 2011;58(1):22–8.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-28
    • Ninomiya, T.1    Ohara, T.2    Hirakawa, Y.3    Yoshida, D.4    Doi, Y.5    Hata, J.6
  • 23
    • 80555157642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama Study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtF2jsb3M, PID: 21931106
    • Ohara T, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Iwaki T, et al. Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama Study. Neurology. 2011;77(12):1126–34.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , Issue.12 , pp. 1126-1134
    • Ohara, T.1    Doi, Y.2    Ninomiya, T.3    Hirakawa, Y.4    Hata, J.5    Iwaki, T.6
  • 24
    • 0001350938 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of dementia rating scale in a general population of Japanese elderly
    • (in Japanese)
    • Hasegawa K, Inoue M, Moriya K. An investigation of dementia rating scale in a general population of Japanese elderly. Seishin Igaku. 1974;6:965–9 (in Japanese).
    • (1974) Seishin Igaku , vol.6 , pp. 965-969
    • Hasegawa, K.1    Inoue, M.2    Moriya, K.3
  • 25
    • 18644366492 scopus 로고
    • The Revised Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale (HDS-R)—evaluation of its usefulness as a screening test for dementia
    • Imai Y, Hasegawa K. The Revised Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale (HDS-R)—evaluation of its usefulness as a screening test for dementia. J Hong Kong Coll Psychiatr. 1994;4:20–4.
    • (1994) J Hong Kong Coll Psychiatr , vol.4 , pp. 20-24
    • Imai, Y.1    Hasegawa, K.2
  • 26
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE28%2FntFKjtw%3D%3D, PID: 1202204
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–98.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 27
    • 84962305161 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed, revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987.
    • (1987) revised
  • 28
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3ks1altQ%3D%3D, PID: 6610841
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology. 1984;34(7):939–44.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 939-944
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3    Katzman, R.4    Price, D.5    Stadlan, E.M.6
  • 29
    • 0027534657 scopus 로고
    • Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ntlaqsQ%3D%3D, PID: 8094895
    • Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology. 1993;43(2):250–60.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-260
    • Roman, G.C.1    Tatemichi, T.K.2    Erkinjuntti, T.3    Cummings, J.L.4    Masdeu, J.C.5    Garcia, J.H.6
  • 30
    • 44649197706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological outline of dementia with Lewy bodies applying the revised criteria: the Hisayama Study
    • PID: 18462473
    • Fujimi K, Sasaki K, Noda K, Wakisaka Y, Tanizaki Y, Matsui Y, et al. Clinicopathological outline of dementia with Lewy bodies applying the revised criteria: the Hisayama Study. Brain Pathol. 2008;18(3):317–25.
    • (2008) Brain Pathol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-325
    • Fujimi, K.1    Sasaki, K.2    Noda, K.3    Wakisaka, Y.4    Tanizaki, Y.5    Matsui, Y.6
  • 31
    • 0030681215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
    • The National Institute on Aging and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer’s Disease
    • The National Institute on Aging and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 1997;18(4 Suppl):S1–2.
    • (1997) Neurobiol Aging , vol.18 , pp. S1-S2
  • 32
    • 0025908356 scopus 로고
    • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer’s disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7oslajsQ%3D%3D, PID: 2011243
    • Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, Sumi SM, Crain BJ, Brownlee LM, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1991;41(4):479–86.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 479-486
    • Mirra, S.S.1    Heyman, A.2    McKeel, D.3    Sumi, S.M.4    Crain, B.J.5    Brownlee, L.M.6
  • 33
    • 0025863618 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK387gtFOiug%3D%3D, PID: 1759558
    • Braak H, Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(4):239–59.
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 239-259
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 35
    • 79952611543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXisVSjsbk%3D, PID: 21282661
    • Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, et al. Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(7):3017–22.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , Issue.7 , pp. 3017-3022
    • Erickson, K.I.1    Voss, M.W.2    Prakash, R.S.3    Basak, C.4    Szabo, A.5    Chaddock, L.6
  • 36
    • 84863310264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise is more effective than diet control in preventing high fat diet-induced beta-amyloid deposition and memory deficit in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XptlWmt78%3D, PID: 22563077
    • Maesako M, Uemura K, Kubota M, Kuzuya A, Sasaki K, Hayashida N, et al. Exercise is more effective than diet control in preventing high fat diet-induced beta-amyloid deposition and memory deficit in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(27):23024–33.
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , Issue.27 , pp. 23024-23033
    • Maesako, M.1    Uemura, K.2    Kubota, M.3    Kuzuya, A.4    Sasaki, K.5    Hayashida, N.6
  • 37
    • 18244384051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary exercise decreases amyloid load in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktFKgtrs%3D, PID: 15858047
    • Adlard PA, Perreau VM, Pop V, Cotman CW. Voluntary exercise decreases amyloid load in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci. 2005;25(17):4217–21.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.17 , pp. 4217-4221
    • Adlard, P.A.1    Perreau, V.M.2    Pop, V.3    Cotman, C.W.4
  • 38
    • 84883691894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treadmill exercise inhibits the progression of Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathology in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsleit7fO, PID: 23968591
    • Liu HL, Zhao G, Zhang H, Shi LD. Long-term treadmill exercise inhibits the progression of Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathology in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Behav Brain Res. 2013;256:261–72.
    • (2013) Behav Brain Res , vol.256 , pp. 261-272
    • Liu, H.L.1    Zhao, G.2    Zhang, H.3    Shi, L.D.4
  • 39
    • 77956363424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1SqtLbK, PID: 20818789
    • Liang KY, Mintun MA, Fagan AM, Goate AM, Bugg JM, Holtzman DM, et al. Exercise and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults. Ann Neurol. 2010;68(3):311–8.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-318
    • Liang, K.Y.1    Mintun, M.A.2    Fagan, A.M.3    Goate, A.M.4    Bugg, J.M.5    Holtzman, D.M.6
  • 40
  • 41
    • 0027390586 scopus 로고
    • Age differences in cognitive performance in later life: relationships to self-reported health and activity life style
    • Hultsch DF, Hammer M, Small BJ. Age differences in cognitive performance in later life: relationships to self-reported health and activity life style. J Gerontol. 1993;48(1):1–11.
    • (1993) J Gerontol , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Hultsch, D.F.1    Hammer, M.2    Small, B.J.3
  • 42
    • 48549113394 scopus 로고
    • effects of complex environments during the life span: a review and theory
    • Schooler C. effects of complex environments during the life span: a review and theory. Intelligence. 1984;8(4):259–81.
    • (1984) Intelligence , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-281
    • Schooler, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.