Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 348, Issue 25, 2003, Pages 2508-2516

  Verghese, Joe ^a   Lipton, Richard B ^a   Katz, Mindy J ^a   Hall, Charles B ^a   Derby, Carol A ^a   Kuslansky, Gail ^a   Ambrose, Anne F ^a   Sliwinski, Martin ^a,b   Buschke, Herman ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; COGNITION; COMMUNITY CARE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DANCING; DEMENTIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EDUCATION; ELDERLY CARE; EVALUATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GENDER; HUMAN; LEISURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; MENTAL TASK; MULTIINFARCT DEMENTIA; MUSIC; NONBIOLOGICAL MODEL; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCORING SYSTEM; STATISTICAL MODEL;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COGNITION; COHORT STUDIES; DANCING; DEMENTIA; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; MALE; MUSIC; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PLAY AND PLAYTHINGS; READING; RISK; SPORTS;

EID: 0038130715     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa022252     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Fratiglioni L, De Ronchi D, Aguero-Torres H. Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Drugs Aging 1999;15:365-75.
2. Jorm AF, Jolley D. The incidence of dementia: a meta-analysis. Neurology 1998;51:728-33.
3. Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2002;346:476-83.
4. Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Ruitenberg A, et al. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 2002;287:3223-9.
5. Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a biracial community study. JAMA 2002;287:3230-7.
6. Friedland RP, Fritsch T, Smyth KA, et al. Patients with Alzheimer's disease have reduced activities in midlife compared with healthy control-group members. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:3440-5.
7. Kondo K, Niino M, Shido K. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Japan significance of life-styles. Dementia 1994;5:314-26.
8. Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:13-20.
9. Rogers RL, Meyer JS, Mortel KF. After reaching retirement age physical activity sustains cerebral perfusion and cognition. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38:123-8.
10. Fabrigoule C, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Zarrouk M, Commenges D, BarbergerGateau P. Social and leisure activities and risk of dementia: a prospective longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:485-90.
11. Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, MacPherson K, Rockwood K. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol 2001;58:498-504.
12. Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2001;57:2236-42.
13. Wilson RS, Mendes De Leon CF, Barnes LL, et al. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. JAMA 2002;287:742-8.
14. Wang H-X, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:1081-7.
15. Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Bienias JL, et al. Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons. Neurology 2002;59:1910-4.
16. Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Backman L. The course of cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer disease: three- and 6-year follow-up of a populationbased sample. Arch Neurol 2000;57:839-44.
17. Elias MF, Beiser A, Wolf PA, Au R, White RF, D'Agostino RB. The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22-year prospective study of the Framingham Cohort. Arch Neurol 2000;57:808-13.
18. Hall CB, Ying J, Kuo L, et al. Estimation of bivariate measurements having different change points, with application to cognitive ageing. Stat Med 2001;20:3695-714.
19. Katzman R, Aronson M, Fuld P, et al. Development of dementing illnesses in an 80-year-old volunteer cohort. Ann Neurol 1989;25:317-24.
20. Aronson MK, Ooi WL, Morgenstern H, et al. Women, myocardial infarction, and dementia in the very old. Neurology 1990;40:1102-6.
21. Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1968;114:797-811.
22. Fuld PA. Psychological testing in the differential diagnosis of the dementias. In: Katzman R, Terry RD, Bick KL, eds. Alzheimer's disease: senile dementia and related disorders. Vol. 7 of Aging. New York: Raven Press, 1978:185-93.
23. Grober E, Dickson D, Sliwinski MJ, et al. Memory and mental status correlates of modified Braak staging. Neurobiol Aging 1999;20:573-9.
24. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Washington, D.C.: Psychological Corporation, 1955.
25. Fuld PA, Masur DM, Blau AD, Crystal H, Aronson MK. Object-memory evaluation for prospective detection of dementia in normal functioning elderly: predictive and normative data. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990;12:520-8.
26. Zung WWK. Depression in the normal aged. Psychosomatics 1967;8:287-92.
27. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed.: DSM-III. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
28. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed. rev.: DSM-III-R. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
29. Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB, Kuslansky G, Katz MJ, Buschke H. Abnormality of gait as a predictor of non-Alzheimer's dementia. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1761-8.
30. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-44.
31. Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzman R. Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology 1992;42:473-80.
32. Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1981:38-46.
33. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc [B] 1972;34:187-220.
34. Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 1982;38:963-74.
35. Buschke H. Selective reminding for analysis of memory and learning. J Verbal Learn Verb Behav 1973;12:543-50.
36. Ball K, Berch DB, Helmers KF, et al. Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:2271-81.
37. Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Berry-Kravis E, Evans DA, Bennett DA. The apolipoprotein E varepsilon 2 allele and decline in episodic memory. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:672-7.
38. Stern Y, Albert S, Tang M-X, Tsai W-Y. Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation: cognitive reserve? Neurology 1999;53:1942-7.
39. Snowdon DA, Kemper SJ, Mortimer JA, Greiner LH, Wekstein DR, Markesbery WR. Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in late life: findings from the Nun Study. JAMA 1996;275:528-32.
40. Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2002;25:295-301.
41. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Lee I-M, Jung DL, Kampert JB. The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med 1993;328:538-45.
42. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:992-1008.
43. Christmas C, Andersen RA. Exercise and older patients: guidelines for the clinician. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:318-24.