Charge Recombination Control for High Efficiency Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 406-417

  Zhao, Ke ^a   Pan, Zhenxiao ^a   Zhong, Xinhua ^a  

^a EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EFFICIENCY; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SOLAR ABSORBERS; SOLAR CELLS;

CHARGE RECOMBINATION PROCESS; CHARGE RECOMBINATIONS; HIGHER EFFICIENCY; INTERFACE ENGINEERING; OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; QUANTUM DOT-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS;

QUANTUM EFFICIENCY;

EID: 84957595286     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02153     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Kamat, P. V. Quantum Dot Solar Cells. The Next Big Thing in Photovoltaics J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 908-918 10.1021/jz400052e
2. Mora-Seró, I.; Bisquert, J. Breakthroughs in the Development of Semiconductor-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 3046-3052 10.1021/jz100863b
3. Talapin, D. V.; Lee, J. S.; Kovalenko, M. V.; Shevchenko, E. V. Prospects of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 389-458 10.1021/cr900137k
4. Zhao, K.; Pan, Z. X.; Mora-Sero, I.; Canovas, E.; Wang, H.; Song, Y.; Gong, X. Q.; Wang, J.; Bonn, M.; Bisquert, J. et al. Boosting Power Conversion Efficiencies of Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Beyond 8% by Recombination Control J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 5602-5609 10.1021/jacs.5b01946
5. Kamat, P. V.; Tvrdy, K.; Baker, D. R.; Radich, J. G. Beyond Photovoltaics: Semiconductor Nanoarchitectures for Liquid-Junction Solar Cells Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6664-6688 10.1021/cr100243p
6. Albero, J.; Clifford, J. N.; Palomares, E. Quantum Dot Based Molecular Solar Cells Coord. Chem. Rev. 2014, 263, 53-64 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.07.005
7. Nozik, A. J.; Beard, M. C.; Luther, J. M.; Law, M.; Ellingson, R. J.; Johnson, J. C. Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays and Applications of Multiple Exciton Generation to Third- Generation Photovoltaic Solar Cells Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6873-6890 10.1021/cr900289f
8. Semonin, O. E.; Luther, J. M.; Choi, S.; Chen, H. Y.; Gao, J.; Nozik, A. J.; Beard, M. C. Peak External Photocurrent Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 100% via MEG in a Quantum Dot Solar Cell Science 2011, 334, 1530-1533 10.1126/science.1209845
9. Kamat, P. V. Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Light Harvesters J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 18737-18753 10.1021/jp806791s
10. Kamat, P. V. Boosting the Efficiency of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells through Modulation of Interfacial Charge Transfer Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 1906-1915 10.1021/ar200315d
11. Klimov, V. I. Mechanisms for Photogeneration and Recombination of Multiexcitons in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Implications for Lasing and Solar Energy Conversion J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 16827-16845 10.1021/jp0615959
12. 2 Nanostructures with CdS Quantum Dots. Particulate versus Tubular Support Architectures Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 805-811 10.1002/adfm.200801173
13. 2 Electrodes by Quantum Sized CdS Chem. Phys. Lett. 1990, 174, 241-246 10.1016/0009-2614(90)85339-E
14. Ham, D.; Mishra, K. K.; Rajeshwar, K. Anodic Electrosynthesis of Cadmium Selenide Thin Films J. Electrochem. Soc. 1991, 138, 100-108 10.1149/1.2085518
15. Yochelis, S.; Hodes, G. Nanocrystalline CdSe Formation by Direct Reaction between Cd Ions and Selenosulfate Solution Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 2740-2744 10.1021/cm049895v
16. Mora-Sero, I.; Gimenez, S.; Moehl, T.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Lana-Villareal, T.; Gomez, R.; Bisquert, J. Factors Determining the Photovoltaic Performance of a CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell: The Role of the Linker Molecule and of the Counter Electrode Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 424007 10.1088/0957-4484/19/42/424007
17. 2 Electrodes: Effect of Quantum Dot Coverage and Mode of Attachment J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 4208-4214 10.1021/jp808091d
18. 60 Cluster Shell J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8890-8891 10.1021/ja802810c
19. 2 Films J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2385-2393 10.1021/ja056494n
20. Watson, D. F. Linker-Assisted Assembly and Interfacial Electron-Transfer Reactivity of Quantum Dot- Substrate Architectures J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 2299-2309 10.1021/jz100571u
21. 2 Nanotube-array Photoelectrodes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 1124-1125 10.1021/ja0777741
22. 2 by Self-Assembled Layers of CdS Quantum Dots Chem. Commun. 2002, 10, 1030-1031 10.1039/b201661c
23. 2 Blocking Layer J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2008, 41, 102002 10.1088/0022-3727/41/10/102002
24. 2 Architecture J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 4007-4015 10.1021/ja0782706
25. Zhang, H.; Cheng, K.; Hou, Y. M.; Fang, Z.; Pan, Z. X.; Wu, W. J.; Hua, J. L.; Zhong, X. H. Efficient CdSe Quantum Dot-sensitized Solar Cells Prepared by a Postsynthesis Assembly Approach Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 11235-11237 10.1039/c2cc36526j
26. Leventis, H. C.; O'Mahony, F.; Akhtar, J.; Afzaal, M.; O'Brien, P.; Haque, S. A. Transient Optical Studies of Interfacial Charge Transfer at Nanostructured Metal Oxide/PbS Quantum Dot/Organic Hole Conductor Heterojunctions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 2743-2750 10.1021/ja909172p
27. Lee, H.; Leventis, H. C.; Moon, S.-J.; Chen, P.; Ito, S.; Haque, S. A.; Torres, T.; Nüesch, F.; Geiger, T.; Zakeeruddin, S. M. et al. PbS and CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solid-State Solar Cells: "Old Concepts, New Results Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 2735-2742 10.1002/adfm.200900081
28. 2 Electrodes J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 454-460 10.1021/jz2000112
29. 1-x Alloyed Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells with More than 6% Efficiency and High Stability ACS Nano 2013, 7, 5215-5222 10.1021/nn400947e
30. 2-Sensitized Quantum Dot Solar Cell. Electrophoretic Deposition, Excited-State Dynamics, and Photovoltaic Performance J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 722-729 10.1021/jz400181m
31. Pan, Z.; Mora-Seró, I.; Shen, Q.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.; Zhao, K.; Wang, J.; Zhong, X.; Bisquert, J. High-Efficiency "Green" Quantum Dot Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 9203-9210 10.1021/ja504310w
32. 2 Quantum Dots/CdS Heterostructure Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5315-5324 10.1039/C1EE02253A
33. 2 Nanorod Arrays Decorated with CdSe Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 1970-1976 10.1002/adfm.200902234
34. 2 Photoanode Films for Highly Efficient Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 13033-13040 10.1039/C4TA02291B
35. Wang, G.; Yang, X.; Qian, F.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y. Double-Sided CdS and CdSe Quantum Dot Co-Sensitized ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1088-1092 10.1021/nl100250z
36. Leschkies, K.; Divakar, R.; Basu, J.; Enache-Pommer, E.; Boercker, J.; Carter, C.; Kortshagen, U.; Norris, D.; Aydil, E. Photosensitization of ZnO Nanowires with CdSe Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 1793-1798 10.1021/nl070430o
37. 2 Solar Cells Exhibiting Unprecedented Photocurrent Densities ACS Nano 2011, 5, 3172-3181 10.1021/nn200315b
38. Ellis, A. B.; Kaiser, S. W.; Wrighton, M. S. Visible Light to Electrical Energy Conversion. Stable Cadmium Sulfide and Cadmium Selenide Photoelectrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 1635-1637 10.1021/ja00422a087
39. Hodes, G.; Manassen, J.; Cahen, D. Electrocatalytic Electrodes for the Polysulfide Rodex System J. Electrochem. Soc. 1980, 127, 544 10.1149/1.2129709
40. Yang, Z.; Chen, C. Y.; Liu, C. W.; Chang, H. T. Electrocatalytic Sulfur Electrodes for CdS/CdSe Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 5485-5487 10.1039/c0cc00642d
41. Zhao, K.; Yu, H.; Zhang, H.; Zhong, X. Electroplating Cuprous Sulfide Counter Electrode for High-Efficiency Long-Term Stability Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 5683-5690 10.1021/jp4118369
42. Tachan, Z.; Shalom, M.; Hod, I.; Rühle, S.; Tirosh, S.; Zaban, A. PbS as a Highly Catalytic Counter Electrode for Polysulfide-Based Quantum Dot Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 6162-6166 10.1021/jp112010m
43. 2- at the Counter Electrode J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 2453-2460 10.1021/jz201064k
44. 2 Nanocrystal Film as an Efficient Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 24877-24883 10.1021/jp508814y
45. 2S Nanowire Array Counter Electrodes Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 3088-3095 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00096
46. 2-) in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 9607-9615 10.1021/ja203131b
47. Makarov, N. S.; McDaniel, H.; Fuke, N.; Robel, I.; Klimov, V. I. Photocharging Artifacts in Measurements of Electron Transfer in Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Mesoporous Titania Films J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 111-118 10.1021/jz402338b
48. Yella, A.; Lee, H. W.; Tsao, H. N.; Yi, C.; Chandiran, A. K.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Diau, E. W.; Yeh, C. Y.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Grätzel, M. Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar Cells with Cobalt (II/III)- Based Redox Electrolyte Exceed 12% Efficiency Science 2011, 334, 629-634 10.1126/science.1209688
49. 2 Coating J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 3895-3898 10.1021/jp8108682
50. Mora-Seró, I.; Gimenez, S.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Gomez, R.; Shen, Q.; Toyoda, T.; Bisquert, J. Recombination in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 1848-1857 10.1021/ar900134d
51. Hodes, G. Comparison of Dye- and Semiconductor-Sensitized Porous Nanocrystalline Liquid Junction Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 17778-17787 10.1021/jp803310s
52. Lee, Y.-L.; Chang, C.-H. Efficient Polysulfide Electrolyte for CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Power Sources 2008, 185, 584 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.07.014
53. Liu, I.; Chang, C.; Teng, H.; Lee, Y. Performance Enhancement of Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells by Potential-Induced Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 19378-19384 10.1021/am5054916
54. Becker, M. A.; Radich, J. G.; Bunker, B. A.; Kamat, P. V. How Does a SILAR CdSe Film Grow? Tuning the Deposition Steps to Suppress Interfacial Charge Recombination in Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1575-1582 10.1021/jz500481v
55. Kirmayer, S.; Edri, E.; Hines, D.; Klein-Kedem, N.; Cohen, H.; Niitsoo, O.; Pinkas, I.; Kamat, P. V.; Hodes, G. Surface Oxidation as a Cause of High Open-Circuit Voltage in CdSe ETA Solar Cells Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 2, 1400346 10.1002/admi.201400346
56. Yang, Z.; Chen, C.-Y.; Roy, P.; Chang, H.-T. Quantum Dot- Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating Nanomaterials Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 9561-9571 10.1039/c1cc11317h
57. 2 Films for Application in Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 053503 10.1063/1.2768311
58. Lin, S. C.; Lee, Y. L.; Chang, C. H.; Shen, Y. J.; Yang, Y. M. Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells: Assembly of CdS-Quantum-Dots Coupling Techniques of Self-Assembled Monolayer and Chemical Bath Deposition Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 143517 10.1063/1.2721373
59. Salant, A.; Shalom, M.; Hod, I.; Faust, A.; Zaban, A.; Banin, U. Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency Prepared Using Electrophoretic Deposition ACS Nano 2010, 4, 5962-5968 10.1021/nn1018208
60. Yu, X. Y.; Liao, J. Y.; Qiu, K. Q.; Kuang, D. B.; Su, C. Y. Dynamic Study of Highly Efficient CdS/CdSe Quantum Dot- Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition ACS Nano 2011, 5, 9494-9500 10.1021/nn203375g
61. 2 Photoelectrodes for Solar Cell Applications Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11, 1337-1339 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.04.037
62. 2 Surfaces Langmuir 2010, 26, 4839-4847 10.1021/la903618x
63. Yang, J.; Oshima, T.; Yindeesuk, W.; Pan, Z.; Zhong, X.; Shen, Q. Influence of Linker Molecules on Interfacial Electron Transfer and Photovoltaic Performance of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 20882-20888 10.1039/C4TA04353G
64. Li, W.; Zhong, X. Capping Ligand Induced Self-Assembly for Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 796-806 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00001
65. Li, W.; Zhong, X. Pre-synthesized Quantum Dot Deposition Approach to Obtain High Efficient Quantum Dot Solar Cells Acta Physica Sinica 2015, 64, 038806
66. Wang, J.; Mora-Seró, I.; Pan, Z.; Zhao, K.; Zhang, H.; Feng, Y.; Yang, G.; Zhong, X.; Bisquert, J. Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Dot Exciplex States for the Development of Highly Efficient Quantum Dot- Sensitized Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15913-15922 10.1021/ja4079804
67. Jiao, S.; Shen, Q.; Mora-Seró, I.; Wang, J.; Pan, Z.; Zhao, K.; Kuga, Y.; Zhong, X.; Bisquert, J. Band Engineering in Core/Shell ZnTe/CdSe for Photovoltage and Efficiency Enhancement in Exciplex Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells ACS Nano 2015, 9, 908-915 10.1021/nn506638n
68. Lee, Y.-L.; Lo, Y.-S. Highly Efficient Quantum-Dot- Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Co-Sensitization of CdS/ CdSe Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 604-609 10.1002/adfm.200800940
69. 2 Photoelectrodes Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 4659-4667 10.1039/c0cp02099k
70. Zhu, H.; Song, N.; Lian, T. Controlling Charge Separation and Recombination Rates in CdSe/ZnS Type I Core-Shell Quantum Dots by Shell Thicknesses J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15038-15045 10.1021/ja106710m
71. Kim, S.; Fisher, B.; Eisler, H. J.; Bawendi, M. Type-II Quantum Dots: CdTe/CdSe (Core/Shell) and CdSe/ZnTe (Core/Shell) Heterostructures J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11466-11467 10.1021/ja0361749
72. Ivanov, S. A.; Piryatinski, A.; Nanda, J.; Tretiak, S.; Zavadil, K. R.; Wallace, W. O.; Werder, D.; Klimov, V. I. Type-II Core/Shell CdS/ZnSe Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11708-11719 10.1021/ja068351m
73. Lo, S. S.; Mirkovic, T.; Chuang, C. H.; Burda, C.; Scholes, G. D. Emergent Properties Resulting from Type-II Band Alignment in Semiconductor Nanoheterostructures Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 180-197 10.1002/adma.201002290
74. Scholes, G. D.; Jones, M.; Kumar, S. Energetics of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions Decided by Quantum Confinement J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 13777-13785 10.1021/jp0754583
75. Ning, Z.; Tian, H.; Yuan, C.; Fu, Y.; Qin, H.; Sun, L.; Agren, H. Solar Cells Sensitized with Type-II ZnSe-CdS Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Dots Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 1536-1538 10.1039/C0CC03401K
76. Bang, J.; Park, J.; Lee, J. H.; Won, N.; Nam, J.; Lim, J.; Chang, B. Y.; Lee, H. J.; Chon, B.; Shin, J. et al. ZnTe/ZnSe (Core/Shell) Type-II Quantum Dots: Their Optical and Photovoltaic Properties Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 233-240 10.1021/cm9027995
77. Itzhakov, S.; Shen, H.; Buhbut, S.; Lin, H.; Oron, D. Type-II Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell Spanning the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectrum J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 22203-22210 10.1021/jp312190x
78. Pan, Z.; Zhang, H.; Cheng, K.; Hou, Y.; Hua, J.; Zhong, X. Highly Efficient Inverted Type-I CdS/CdSe Core/Shell Structure QD Sensitized Solar Cells ACS Nano 2012, 6, 3982-3991 10.1021/nn300278z
79. 2 Mesoporous Solar Cells: All Prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction Processes Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 5636-5643 10.1021/cm102024s
80. Radich, J. G.; Peeples, N. R.; Santra, P. K.; Kamat, P. V. Charge Transfer Mediation through CuxS. The Hole Story of CdSe in Polysulfide J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 16463-16471 10.1021/jp4113365
81. Kamat, P. V.; Christians, J. A.; Radich, J. G. Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Hole Transfer as a Limiting Factor in Boosting the Photoconversion Efficiency Langmuir 2014, 30, 5716-5725 10.1021/la500555w
82. Lee, J.; Hong, J.; Park, N. Sixfold Enhancement of Photocurrent by Surface Charge Controlled High Density Quantum Dot Coating Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 6448-6450 10.1039/c3cc42896f
83. Lee, H.; Wang, M.; Chen, P.; Gamelin, D. R.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Grätzel, M.; Nazeeruddin, M. K. Efficient CdSe Quantum Dot- Sensitized Solar Cells Prepared by an Improved Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction Process Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 4221-4227 10.1021/nl902438d
84. Aldakov, D.; Lefrançois, A.; Reiss, P. Ternary and Quaternary Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties and Applications J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1, 3756-3776 10.1039/c3tc30273c
85. McDaniel, H.; Fuke, N.; Makarov, N. S.; Pietryga, J. M.; Klimov, V. I. An Integrated Approach to Realizing High-Performance Liquid-Junction Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2887 10.1038/ncomms3887
86. Bhargava, R. N.; Gallagher, D.; Hong, X.; Nurmikko, A. Optical- Properties of Manganese-Doped Nanocrystals of ZnS Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994, 72, 416-419 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.416
87. Jana, S.; Srivastava, B. B.; Pradhan, N. Correlation of Dopant States and Host Bandgap in Dual-Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 1747-1752 10.1021/jz200673q
88. 2+-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots: New Inorganic Materials for Spin- Electronics and Spin-Photonics Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 3873-3891 10.1002/adfm.200801016
89. 2+-Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals J. Solid State Chem. 2008, 181, 1582-1589 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.05.001
90. Zeng, R.; Rutherford, M.; Xie, R.; Zou, B.; Peng, X. Synthesis of Highly Emissive Mn-Doped ZnSe Nanocrystals without Pyrophoric Reagents Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 2107-2113 10.1021/cm9036023
91. 2+-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1197-1201 10.1021/nl080195p
92. Vlaskin, V. A.; Janssen, N.; van Rijssel, J.; Beaulac, R.; Gamelin, D. R. Tunable Dual Emission in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3670-3674 10.1021/nl102135k
93. Santra, P. K.; Kamat, P. V. Mn-Doped Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells. A Strategy to Boost Efficiency over 5% J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2508-2511 10.1021/ja211224s
94. xSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 19653-19659 10.1039/C4TA04534C
95. 2-Mn Doped CdS Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 3881-3883 10.1039/c3cc40715b
96. Huang, Z.; Zou, X.; Zhou, H. A Strategy to Achieve Superior Photocurrent by Cu-Doped Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Mater. Lett. 2013, 95, 139-141 10.1016/j.matlet.2012.12.095
97. 2 Thin Film Electrodes Co-Sensitized with Capped Sulfides J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 1459-1464 10.1039/b105796k
98. Rosenbluth, M. L.; Lewis, N. S. "Ideal" Behavior of the Open Circuit Voltage of Semiconductor/Liquid Junctions J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 3735 10.1021/j100346a072
99. Tan, M. X.; Laibinis, P. E.; Nguyen, S. T.; Kesselman, J. M.; Stanton, C. E.; Lewis, N. S. Principles and Applications of Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 21-144 10.1002/9780470166420.ch2
100. 2 Inverse Opal Solar Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 023116 10.1063/1.2757130
101. Shen, Q.; Kobayashi, J.; Diguna, L. J.; Toyoda, T. Effect of ZnS Coating on the Photovoltaic Properties of CdSe Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103, 084304 10.1063/1.2903059
102. Guijarro, N.; Campina, J.; Shen, Q.; Toyoda, T.; Lana-Villarreal, T.; Gómez, R. Uncovering the Role of the ZnS Treatment in the Performance of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 12024-12032 10.1039/c1cp20290a
103. Yang, H.; Guo, C.; Guai, G. H.; Song, Q.; Jiang, S. P.; Li, C. M. Reduction of Charge Recombination by an Amorphous Titanium Oxide Interlayer in Layered Graphene/Quantum Dots Photochemical Cells ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 1940-1945 10.1021/am200154h
104. 2 Surface Coating Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 233107 10.1063/1.3447356
105. 2/Quantum Dots Interface in the Recombination Processes of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 3841 10.1039/c3cp44719g
106. 3 Recombination Barrier Layers Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition in Solid-State CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 5584-5592 10.1021/jp311846r
107. Barea, E.; Shalom, M.; Giménez, S.; Hod, I.; Mora-Seró, I.; Zaban, A.; Bisquert, J. Design of Injection and Recombination in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6834-6839 10.1021/ja101752d
108. de la Fuente, M.; Sanchez, R.; González-Pedro, V.; Boix, P.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Rincón, M.; Bisquert, J.; Mora-Seró, I. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Passivation in Quantum-Dot- Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1519-1525 10.1021/jz400626r
109. Bakke, J. R.; Pickrahn, K. L.; Brennan, T. P.; Bent, S. F. Nanoengineering and Interfacial Engineering of Photovoltaics by Atomic Layer Deposition Nanoscale 2011, 3, 3482-3508 10.1039/c1nr10349k
110. Tian, J.; Cao, G. Control of Nanostructures and Interfaces of Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Quantum-Dots-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 1859-1869 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00301
111. 2 Morphologies on Photovoltaic Properties J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 1885-1893 10.1021/jz3004602
112. Tian, J.; Zhang, Q.; Uchaker, E.; Liang, Z.; Gao, R.; Qu, X.; Zhang, S.; Cao, G. Constructing ZnO Nanorod Array Photoelectrodes for Highly Efficient Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 6770-6775 10.1039/c3ta11056g
113. Zhu, Z.; Qiu, J.; Yan, K.; Yang, S. Building High-Efficiency CdS/CdSe-Sensitized Solar Cells with A Hierarchically Branched Double- Layer Architecture ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 4000-4005 10.1021/am400235g
114. Cheng, H. M.; Huang, K. Y.; Lee, K. M.; Yu, P.; Lin, S. C.; Huang, J. H.; Wu, C. G.; Tang, J. High-Efficiency Cascade CdS/CdSe Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Hierarchical Tetrapod- Like ZnO Nanoparticles Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 13539-13548 10.1039/c2cp41760j
115. 2/ZnO Hybrid Array as a Heterostructured Anode for Efficient Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 5199-5205 10.1021/am507983y
116. 2-ZnS Based High Efficiency "Green" Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 1649-1655 10.1039/C4TA05134C
117. Du, J.; Meng, X.; Zhao, K.; Li, Y.; Zhong, X. Performance Enhancement of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells by Adding Electrolyte Additives J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 17091-17097 10.1039/C5TA04758G
118. 2+/3+-Based Electrolyte RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 26907-26911 10.1039/c4ra02556c
119. Li, L.; Yang, X.; Gao, J.; Tian, H.; Zhao, J.; Hagfeldt, A.; Sun, L. Highly Efficient CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Modified Polysulfide Electrolyte J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8458-8460 10.1021/ja201841p
120. Shu, T.; Li, X.; Ku, Z.; Wang, S.; Wu, S.; Jin, X.; Hu, C. Improved Efficiency of CdS Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell with an Organic Redox Couple and a Polymer Counter Electrode Electrochim. Acta 2014, 137, 700-704 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.072
121. Ruhle, S.; Shalom, M.; Zaban, A. Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells ChemPhysChem 2010, 11, 2290-2304 10.1002/cphc.201000069
122. Ardalan, P.; Brennan, T.; Lee, H.; Bakke, J.; Ding, I.; McGehee, M.; Bent, S. Effects of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Solid-State CdS Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells ACS Nano 2011, 5, 1495-1504 10.1021/nn103371v
123. Qian, J.; Liu, Q.; Li, G.; Jiang, K.; Yang, L.; Song, Y. P3HT as Hole Transport Material and Assistant Light Absorber in CdS Quantum Dots-Sensitized Solid-State Solar Cells Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 6461-6463 10.1039/c1cc11595b
124. 3 Barrier Layer J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 7566-7571 10.1039/c3ta10903h