Bad Religion? Religion, Collective Action, and the Onset of Armed Conflict in Developing Countries

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Volumn 60, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 226-255

  Basedau, Matthias ^a,b   Pfeiffer, Birte ^a   Vüllers, Johannes ^a  

^a GIGA GERMAN INSTITUTE OF GLOBAL AND AREA STUDIES   (Germany)

^b PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OSLO PRIO   (Norway)

Author keywords

civil wars; collective action; internal armed conflict; rebellion; religion

Indexed keywords

EID: 84956512219     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002714541853     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Y.AkbabaYaseminZ.TaydasZeynep. 2011. “Does Religious Discrimination Promote Dissent? A Quantitative Analysis.”Ethnopolitics10 (3-4): 271–95.
2. A.AlesinaAlbertoA.DevleeschauwerArnaudW.EasterlyWilliamS.KurlatSergioR.WacziargRomain. 2003. “Fractionalization.”Journal of Economic Growth8 (2): 155–94.
3. S.ApplebyScott. 2000. The Ambivalence of the Sacred. Religion, Violence and Reconciliation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
4. M.BasedauMatthiasG.StrüverGeorgJ.VüllersJohannesT.C.WegenastTim C. 2011. “Do Religious Factors Impact Armed Conflict? Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.”Terrorism and Political Violence23 (5): 752–79.
5. N.BeckNathanielJ.N.KatzJonathan N.R.TuckerRichard. 1998. “Taking Time Seriously: Time-series-cross-section Analysis with a Binary Dependent Variable.”American Journal of Political Science42 (4): 1260–88.
6. A.C.CameronA. ColinP.K.TrivediPravin K. 2009. Microeconometrics using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
7. D.CanettiDaphnaS.E.HobfollStevan E.A.PedahzurAmiE.ZaidiseEran. 2010. “Much Ado about Religiosity: Heightened Support for Political Violence by Failure to Conserve.”Journal of Peace Research45 (5): 575–87.
8. K.ChandraKanchanS.WilkinsonSteven. 2008. “Measuring the Effect of Ethnicity.”Comparative Political Studies41 (4/5): 515–63.
9. L.-E.CedermanLars-ErikN.B.WeidmannNils B.K.S.GleditschKristian Skrede. 2011. “Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison.”American Political Science Review105 (3): 478–95.
10. P.CollierPaulA.HoefflerAnke. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.”Oxford Economic Papers56 (4): 563–95.
11. A.De JuanAlexander. 2009. “A Pact with the Devil? Elite Alliances as Bases of Violent Religious Conflicts.”Studies in Conflict and Terrorism31 (12): 1120–35.
12. I.De SoysaIndraR.NordåsRagnhild. 2007. “Islam’s Bloody Innards? Religion and Political Terror, 1980-2000.”International Studies Quarterly51 (4): 927–43.
13. T.DunningThadL.HarrisonLauren. 2010. “Cross Cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Voting: An Experimental Study of Cousinage in Mali.”American Political Science Review104 (1): 21–39.
14. T.EllingsenTanja. 2000. “Colourful Community or Ethnic Witches’ Brew? Multiethnicity and Domestic Conflict During and After the Cold War.”Journal of Conflict Resolution44 (2): 228–49.
15. J.FearonJamesD.LaitinDavid. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.”American Political Science Review97 (1): 75–90.
16. J.FoxJonathan. 2004. Religion, Civilization, and Civil War. 1945 Through the New Millennium. Oxford, UK: Lexington.
17. J.FoxJonathan. 2011. “Building Composite Measures of Religion and State.”Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion7:1–39.
18. J.FoxJonathanP.JamesPatrickY.LiYitan. 2009. “State Religion and Discrimination Against Ethnic Minorities.”Nationalism and Ethnic Politics15 (2): 189–210.
19. W.H.GreeneWilliam H.2008. Econometric Analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
20. B.GrimBrianR.FinkeRoger. 2011. The Price of Freedom Denied. New York: Cambridge University Press.
21. J.GublerJoshuaJ.S.SelwayJoel S. 2012. “Horizontal Inequality, Crosscutting Cleavages, and Civil War.”Journal of Conflict Resolution56 (2): 206–32.
22. T.GurrTed. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
23. T.GurrTed. 2000. Peoples versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
24. M.M.HafezMohammed M.2003. Why Muslims Rebel. Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World. Boulder, CO: Rienner.
25. L.HarbomLottaP.WallensteenPeter. 2009. “Armed Conflict, 1946–2008.”Journal of Peace Research46 (4): 577–87.
26. R.HassnerRon. 2011a. “Blasphemy and Violence.”International Studies Quarterly55 (1): 23–45.
27. R.HassnerRon. 2011b. “Sacred Time and Conflict Initiation.”Security Studies20 (4): 491–520.
28. H.HegreHåvardN.SambanisNicholas. 2006. “Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on Civil War Onset.”Journal of Conflict Resolution50 (4): 508–35.
29. D.HorowitzDonald. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
30. M.C.HorowitzMichael C.2009. “Long Time Going: Religion and the Duration of Crusading.”International Security34 (2): 162–93.
31. B.HsuBeckyA.ReynoldsAmyC.HackettConradJ.GibbonJames. 2008. “Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations: An Empirical Assessment of the World Christian Database.”Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion47 (4): 678–93.
32. G.KingGaryL.ZengLangche. 2001. “Logistic Regression in Rare Events Data.”Political Analysis9 (2): 137–63.
33. A.A.LathamAndrew A.2011. “Theorizing the Crusades: Identity, Institutions, and Religious War in Medieval Latin Christendom.”International Studies Quarterly55 (1): 223–43.
34. M.I.LichbachMark Irving. 1998. The Rebel’s Dilemma. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
35. S.M.LipsetSeymour M.S.RokkanStein. 1967. “Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments.” In Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives, edited by, 1–64. New York: The Free Press.
36. J.G.MontalvoJosé G.M.Reynal-QuerolMarta. 2005. “Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict and Civil War.”American Economic Review95 (3): 796–816.
37. M.OlsonMancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
38. G.ØstbyGudrunR.NordåsRagnhildJ.K.RodJan Ketil. 2009. “Regional Inequalities and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa.”International Studies Quarterly53 (2): 301–24.
39. S.PearceSusanna. 2005. “Religious Rage: A Quantitative Analysis of the Intensity of Religious Conflicts.”Terrorism and Political Violence17 (3): 333–52.
40. M.Reynal-QuerolMarta. 2002. “Ethnicity, Political Systems, and Civil Wars.”Journal of Conflict Resolution46 (1): 29–54.
41. R.J.RummelRudolph J.1997. “Is Collective Violence Correlated with Social Pluralism?”Journal of Peace Research34 (2): 163–75.
42. G.SchneiderGeraldN.WiesehomeierNina. 2008. “Rules that Matter: Political Institutions and the Diversity-Conflict Nexus.”Journal of Peace Research45 (2): 183–203.
43. J.S.SelwayJoel Sawat. 2011a. “Cross-cuttingness, Cleavage Structures and Civil War Onset.”British Journal of Political Science41 (1): 111–38.
44. J.S.SelwayJoel Swat. 2011b. “The Measurement of Cross-cutting Cleavages and Other Multidimensional Cleavage Structures.”Political Analysis19 (1): 48–65.
45. J.SeulJeffrey. 1999. “Ours Is the Way of God. Religion, Identity, and Intergroup Conflict.”Journal of Peace Research36 (5): 553–69.
46. F.StewartFrances. 2008. Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict: Understanding Group Conflict in Multiethnic Societies. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
47. F.StewartFrances. 2009. Religion Versus Ethnicity as a Source of Mobilisation. Are There Differences?MICROCON Research Working Paper 18, Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
48. I.SvenssonIsak. 2007. “Fighting with Faith: Religion and Conflict Resolution in Civil Wars.”Journal of Conflict Resolution51 (6): 930–49.
49. M.TaylorMichaelD.RaeDouglas. 1969. “An Analysis of Crosscutting between Political Cleavages.”Comparative Politics1 (4): 534–47.
50. M.D.ToftMonica Duffy. 2003. The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
51. M.D.ToftMonica Duffy. 2007. “Getting Religion? The Puzzling Case of Islam and Civil War.”International Security31 (4): 97–131.
52. M.D.ToftMonica DuffyD.PhilpotttDanielT.S.ShahTimothy Samuel. 2011. God’s Century: Resurgent Religion and Global Politics. New York: Norton & Company.
53. J.WucherpfennigJulianN.W.MetternichNils W.L.-E.CedermanLars-ErikK.S.GleditschKristian S. 2012. “Ethnicity, the State, and the Duration of Civil War.”World Politics64 (1): 79–115.