메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 218, Issue , 2015, Pages 361-387

Inhibition of the contralesional hemisphere after stroke: Reviewing a few of the building blocks with a focus on animal models

Author keywords

Callosum; Contralesional; Inhibition; Interhemispheric; Recovery; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ARM MOVEMENT; BRAIN CORTEX LESION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; ELECTROMYOGRAM; EVOKED RESPONSE; EXCITABILITY; HAND MOVEMENT; HEMISPHERE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTIVE FIELD; REVIEW; SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR AREA; TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT; ANIMAL; COMPLICATION; CONVALESCENCE; DISEASE MODEL; EFFERENT NERVE; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; NERVE CELL INHIBITION; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 84955644663     PISSN: 00796123     EISSN: 18757855     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.01.002     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (40)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 48249117487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex stroke impairs individual digit movement in skilled reaching by the rat
    • Alaverdashvili, M., Whishaw, I.Q., 2008. Motor cortex stroke impairs individual digit movement in skilled reaching by the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 28, 311-322.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 311-322
    • Alaverdashvili, M.1    Whishaw, I.Q.2
  • 2
    • 84904411468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skilled reaching and grasping in the rat: lacking effect of corticospinal lesion
    • Alstermark, B., Pettersson, L.G., 2014. Skilled reaching and grasping in the rat: lacking effect of corticospinal lesion. Front. Neurol. 5, 103.
    • (2014) Front. Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 103
    • Alstermark, B.1    Pettersson, L.G.2
  • 3
    • 1542510701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of monosynaptic corticomotoneuronal EPSPs in rats: disynaptic EPSPs mediated via reticulospinal neurons and polysynaptic EPSPs via segmental interneurons
    • Alstermark, B., Ogawa, J., Isa, T., 2004. Lack of monosynaptic corticomotoneuronal EPSPs in rats: disynaptic EPSPs mediated via reticulospinal neurons and polysynaptic EPSPs via segmental interneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 91, 1832-1839.
    • (2004) J. Neurophysiol , vol.91 , pp. 1832-1839
    • Alstermark, B.1    Ogawa, J.2    Isa, T.3
  • 4
    • 0005616784 scopus 로고
    • Unitary study on evoked activity of callosal neurons and its effect on pyramidal tract cell activity on cats
    • Asanuma, H., Okamoto, K., 1959. Unitary study on evoked activity of callosal neurons and its effect on pyramidal tract cell activity on cats. Jpn. J. Physiol. 9, 473-483.
    • (1959) Jpn. J. Physiol , vol.9 , pp. 473-483
    • Asanuma, H.1    Okamoto, K.2
  • 5
    • 34547844253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical circuits modulate transcallosal inhibition in humans
    • Avanzino, L., Teo, J.T., Rothwell, J.C., 2007. Intracortical circuits modulate transcallosal inhibition in humans. J. Physiol. 583, 99-114.
    • (2007) J. Physiol , vol.583 , pp. 99-114
    • Avanzino, L.1    Teo, J.T.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 6
    • 84857729624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency rTMS promotes use-dependent motor plasticity in chronic stroke: a randomized trial
    • Avenanti, A., Coccia, M., Ladavas, E., Provinciali, L., Ceravolo, M.G., 2012. Low-frequency rTMS promotes use-dependent motor plasticity in chronic stroke: a randomized trial. Neurology 78, 256-264.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 256-264
    • Avenanti, A.1    Coccia, M.2    Ladavas, E.3    Provinciali, L.4    Ceravolo, M.G.5
  • 7
    • 82455174173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primate reticulospinal tract, hand function and functional recovery
    • Baker, S.N., 2011. The primate reticulospinal tract, hand function and functional recovery. J. Physiol. 589, 5603-5612.
    • (2011) J. Physiol , vol.589 , pp. 5603-5612
    • Baker, S.N.1
  • 8
    • 0023123133 scopus 로고
    • Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey
    • Barbas, H., Pandya, D.N., 1987. Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 256, 211-228.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.256 , pp. 211-228
    • Barbas, H.1    Pandya, D.N.2
  • 9
    • 84857785917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhance excitability of the motor cortex and motor function in healthy individuals and subjects with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Bastani, A., Jaberzadeh, S., 2012. Does anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhance excitability of the motor cortex and motor function in healthy individuals and subjects with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Neurophysiol. 123, 644-657.
    • (2012) Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.123 , pp. 644-657
    • Bastani, A.1    Jaberzadeh, S.2
  • 11
    • 33645829102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic stimulation of human premotor or motor cortex produces interhemispheric facilitation through distinct pathways
    • Baumer, T., Bock, F., Koch, G., Lange, R., Rothwell, J.C., Siebner, H.R., Munchau, A., 2006. Magnetic stimulation of human premotor or motor cortex produces interhemispheric facilitation through distinct pathways. J. Physiol. 572, 857-868.
    • (2006) J. Physiol , vol.572 , pp. 857-868
    • Baumer, T.1    Bock, F.2    Koch, G.3    Lange, R.4    Rothwell, J.C.5    Siebner, H.R.6    Munchau, A.7
  • 12
    • 0029950622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticomotoneuronal contribution to the fractionation of muscle activity during precision grip in the monkey
    • Bennett, K.M., Lemon, R.N., 1996. Corticomotoneuronal contribution to the fractionation of muscle activity during precision grip in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 75, 1826-1842.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 1826-1842
    • Bennett, K.M.1    Lemon, R.N.2
  • 14
    • 0034017360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early exclusive use of the affected forelimb after moderate transient focal ischemia in rats: functional and anatomic outcome
    • Bland, S.T., Schallert, T., Strong, R., Aronowski, J., Grotta, J.C., Feeney, D.M., 2000. Early exclusive use of the affected forelimb after moderate transient focal ischemia in rats: functional and anatomic outcome. Stroke 31, 1144-1152.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1144-1152
    • Bland, S.T.1    Schallert, T.2    Strong, R.3    Aronowski, J.4    Grotta, J.C.5    Feeney, D.M.6
  • 15
    • 0030471962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcallosal inhibition in cortical and subcortical cerebral vascular lesions
    • Boroojerdi, B., Diefenbach, K., Ferbert, A., 1996. Transcallosal inhibition in cortical and subcortical cerebral vascular lesions. J. Neurol. Sci. 144, 160-170.
    • (1996) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.144 , pp. 160-170
    • Boroojerdi, B.1    Diefenbach, K.2    Ferbert, A.3
  • 16
    • 33645721863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting properties of motor output from the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques
    • Boudrias, M.H., Belhaj-Saif, A., Park, M.C., Cheney, P.D., 2006. Contrasting properties of motor output from the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques. Cereb. Cortex 16, 632-638.
    • (2006) Cereb. Cortex , vol.16 , pp. 632-638
    • Boudrias, M.H.1    Belhaj-Saif, A.2    Park, M.C.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 17
    • 84867284381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralesional hemisphere control of the proximal paretic upper limb following stroke
    • Bradnam, L.V., Stinear, C.M., Barber, P.A., Byblow, W.D., 2012. Contralesional hemisphere control of the proximal paretic upper limb following stroke. Cereb. Cortex 22 (11), 2662-2671.
    • (2012) Cereb. Cortex , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 2662-2671
    • Bradnam, L.V.1    Stinear, C.M.2    Barber, P.A.3    Byblow, W.D.4
  • 18
    • 0021329392 scopus 로고
    • Supplementary motor area of the monkey's cerebral cortex: short-and long-term deficits after unilateral ablation and the effects of subsequent callosal section
    • Brinkman, C., 1984. Supplementary motor area of the monkey's cerebral cortex: short-and long-term deficits after unilateral ablation and the effects of subsequent callosal section. J. Neurosci. 4, 918-929.
    • (1984) J. Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 918-929
    • Brinkman, C.1
  • 20
    • 1842337453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cells of origin, course, and termination patterns of the ventral, uncrossed component of the mature rat corticospinal tract
    • Brosamle, C., Schwab, M.E., 1997. Cells of origin, course, and termination patterns of the ventral, uncrossed component of the mature rat corticospinal tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 386, 293-303.
    • (1997) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.386 , pp. 293-303
    • Brosamle, C.1    Schwab, M.E.2
  • 21
    • 37249005764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of spared corticospinal axons augments connections with ipsilateral spinal motor circuits after injury
    • Brus-Ramer, M., Carmel, J.B., Chakrabarty, S., Martin, J.H., 2007. Electrical stimulation of spared corticospinal axons augments connections with ipsilateral spinal motor circuits after injury. J. Neurosci. 27, 13793-13801.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 13793-13801
    • Brus-Ramer, M.1    Carmel, J.B.2    Chakrabarty, S.3    Martin, J.H.4
  • 22
  • 23
    • 77956197792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic electrical stimulation of the intact corticospinal system after unilateral injury restores skilled locomotor control and promotes spinal axon outgrowth
    • Carmel, J.B., Berrol, L.J., Brus-Ramer, M., Martin, J.H., 2010. Chronic electrical stimulation of the intact corticospinal system after unilateral injury restores skilled locomotor control and promotes spinal axon outgrowth. J. Neurosci. 30, 10918-10926.
    • (2010) J. Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 10918-10926
    • Carmel, J.B.1    Berrol, L.J.2    Brus-Ramer, M.3    Martin, J.H.4
  • 24
    • 84891822887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of motor cortex in the uninjured hemisphere after chronic unilateral injury promotes recovery of skilled locomotion through ipsilateral control
    • Carmel, J.B., Kimura, H., Martin, J.H., 2014. Electrical stimulation of motor cortex in the uninjured hemisphere after chronic unilateral injury promotes recovery of skilled locomotion through ipsilateral control. J. Neurosci. 34, 462-466.
    • (2014) J. Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 462-466
    • Carmel, J.B.1    Kimura, H.2    Martin, J.H.3
  • 25
    • 0022627179 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of somatic sensory and active-movement neuronal discharge properties in the MI-SI cortical border area in the rat
    • Chapin, J.K., Woodward, D.J., 1986. Distribution of somatic sensory and active-movement neuronal discharge properties in the MI-SI cortical border area in the rat. Exp. Neurol. 91, 502-523.
    • (1986) Exp. Neurol , vol.91 , pp. 502-523
    • Chapin, J.K.1    Woodward, D.J.2
  • 26
    • 0037338791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of ipsilateral excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the human motor cortex
    • Chen, R., Yung, D., Li, J.Y., 2003. Organization of ipsilateral excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the human motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 89, 1256-1264.
    • (2003) J. Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 1256-1264
    • Chen, R.1    Yung, D.2    Li, J.Y.3
  • 27
    • 0037322554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural activity in primary motor and dorsal premotor cortex in reaching tasks with the contralateral versus ipsilateral arm
    • Cisek, P., Crammond, D.J., Kalaska, J.F., 2003. Neural activity in primary motor and dorsal premotor cortex in reaching tasks with the contralateral versus ipsilateral arm. J. Neurophysiol. 89, 922-942.
    • (2003) J. Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 922-942
    • Cisek, P.1    Crammond, D.J.2    Kalaska, J.F.3
  • 28
    • 0029967717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric modulation of somatosensory receptive fields: evidence for plasticity in primary somatosensory cortex
    • Clarey, J.C., Tweedale, R., Calford, M.B., 1996. Interhemispheric modulation of somatosensory receptive fields: evidence for plasticity in primary somatosensory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 6, 196-206.
    • (1996) Cereb. Cortex , vol.6 , pp. 196-206
    • Clarey, J.C.1    Tweedale, R.2    Calford, M.B.3
  • 29
    • 84864284338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in mild to severe hemiparesis early after stroke: a proof of principle and novel approach to improve motor function
    • Conforto, A.B., Anjos, S.M., Saposnik, G., Mello, E.A., Nagaya, E.M., Santos JR., W., Ferreiro, K.N., Melo, E.S., Scaff, F.I., Cohen, L.G., 2012. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in mild to severe hemiparesis early after stroke: a proof of principle and novel approach to improve motor function. J. Neurol. 259, 1399-1405.
    • (2012) J. Neurol , vol.259 , pp. 1399-1405
    • Conforto, A.B.1    Anjos, S.M.2    Saposnik, G.3    Mello, E.A.4    Nagaya, E.M.5    Santos, W.6    Ferreiro, K.N.7    Melo, E.S.8    Scaff, F.I.9    Cohen, L.G.10
  • 30
    • 41849103827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repairing the human brain after stroke: I. Mechanisms of spontaneous recovery
    • Cramer, S.C., 2008. Repairing the human brain after stroke: I. Mechanisms of spontaneous recovery. Ann. Neurol. 63, 272-287.
    • (2008) Ann. Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 272-287
    • Cramer, S.C.1
  • 31
    • 79960230878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaping plasticity to enhance recovery after injury
    • Dancause, N., Nudo, R.J., 2011. Shaping plasticity to enhance recovery after injury. Prog. Brain Res. 192, 273-295.
    • (2011) Prog. Brain Res , vol.192 , pp. 273-295
    • Dancause, N.1    Nudo, R.J.2
  • 33
    • 37049021329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric connections of the ventral premotor cortex in a new world primate
    • Dancause, N., Barbay, S., Frost, S.B., Mahnken, J.D., Nudo, R.J., 2007. Interhemispheric connections of the ventral premotor cortex in a new world primate. J. Comp. Neurol. 505, 701-715.
    • (2007) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.505 , pp. 701-715
    • Dancause, N.1    Barbay, S.2    Frost, S.B.3    Mahnken, J.D.4    Nudo, R.J.5
  • 34
    • 56449106461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An additional motor-related field in the lateral frontal cortex of squirrel monkeys
    • Dancause, N., Duric, V., Barbay, S., Frost, S.B., Stylianou, A., Nudo, R.J., 2008. An additional motor-related field in the lateral frontal cortex of squirrel monkeys. Cereb. Cortex 18, 2719-2728.
    • (2008) Cereb. Cortex , vol.18 , pp. 2719-2728
    • Dancause, N.1    Duric, V.2    Barbay, S.3    Frost, S.B.4    Stylianou, A.5    Nudo, R.J.6
  • 35
    • 0033059752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct demonstration of interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Di Lazzaro, V., Oliviero, A., Profice, P., Insola, A., Mazzone, P., Tonali, P., Rothwell, J.C., 1999. Direct demonstration of interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Exp. Brain Res. 124, 520-524.
    • (1999) Exp. Brain Res , vol.124 , pp. 520-524
    • Di Lazzaro, V.1    Oliviero, A.2    Profice, P.3    Insola, A.4    Mazzone, P.5    Tonali, P.6    Rothwell, J.C.7
  • 36
    • 0037439879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between brain reorganization, ischemic damage, and neurologic status after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Dijkhuizen, R.M., Singhal, A.B., Mandeville, J.B., Wu, O., Halpern, E.F., Finklestein, S.P., Rosen, B.R., Lo, E.H., 2003. Correlation between brain reorganization, ischemic damage, and neurologic status after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Neurosci. 23, 510-517.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 510-517
    • Dijkhuizen, R.M.1    Singhal, A.B.2    Mandeville, J.B.3    Wu, O.4    Halpern, E.F.5    Finklestein, S.P.6    Rosen, B.R.7    Lo, E.H.8
  • 37
    • 0020422484 scopus 로고
    • The motor cortex of the rat: cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping
    • Donoghue, J.P., Wise, S.P., 1982. The motor cortex of the rat: cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping. J. Comp. Neurol. 212, 76-88.
    • (1982) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.212 , pp. 76-88
    • Donoghue, J.P.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 38
    • 0025937229 scopus 로고
    • The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe
    • Dum, R.P., Strick, P.L., 1991. The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. J. Neurosci. 11, 667-689.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 667-689
    • Dum, R.P.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 39
    • 0036954938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate
    • Dum, R.P., Strick, P.L., 2002. Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate. Physiol. Behav. 77, 677-682.
    • (2002) Physiol. Behav , vol.77 , pp. 677-682
    • Dum, R.P.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 42
    • 77955799775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1Hz and 5Hz produces sustained improvement in motor function and disability after ischaemic stroke
    • Emara, T.H., Moustafa, R.R., Elnahas, N.M., Elganzoury, A.M., Abdo, T.A., Mohamed, S.A., Eletribi, M.A., 2010. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1Hz and 5Hz produces sustained improvement in motor function and disability after ischaemic stroke. Eur. J. Neurol. 17, 1203-1209.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 1203-1209
    • Emara, T.H.1    Moustafa, R.R.2    Elnahas, N.M.3    Elganzoury, A.M.4    Abdo, T.A.5    Mohamed, S.A.6    Eletribi, M.A.7
  • 43
    • 0015503850 scopus 로고
    • Contrasts between activity of precentral and postcentral neurons of cerebral cortex during movement in the monkey
    • Evarts, E.V., 1972. Contrasts between activity of precentral and postcentral neurons of cerebral cortex during movement in the monkey. Brain Res. 40, 25-31.
    • (1972) Brain Res , vol.40 , pp. 25-31
    • Evarts, E.V.1
  • 46
    • 0028355026 scopus 로고
    • Multiple corticospinal neuron populations in the macaque monkey are specified by their unique cortical origins, spinal terminations, and connections
    • Galea, M.P., Darian-Smith, I., 1994. Multiple corticospinal neuron populations in the macaque monkey are specified by their unique cortical origins, spinal terminations, and connections. Cereb. Cortex 4, 166-194.
    • (1994) Cereb. Cortex , vol.4 , pp. 166-194
    • Galea, M.P.1    Darian-Smith, I.2
  • 47
    • 0032127203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory influence of the ipsilateral motor cortex on responses to stimulation of the human cortex and pyramidal tract
    • Gerloff, C., Cohen, L.G., Floeter, M.K., Chen, R., Corwell, B., Hallett, M., 1998. Inhibitory influence of the ipsilateral motor cortex on responses to stimulation of the human cortex and pyramidal tract. J. Physiol. 510 (Pt. 1), 249-259.
    • (1998) J. Physiol , vol.510 , pp. 249-259
    • Gerloff, C.1    Cohen, L.G.2    Floeter, M.K.3    Chen, R.4    Corwell, B.5    Hallett, M.6
  • 48
    • 0022547486 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys
    • Gould 3RD, H.J., Cusick, C.G., Pons, T.P., Kaas, J.H., 1986. The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 247, 297-325.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.247 , pp. 297-325
    • Gould, H.J.1    Cusick, C.G.2    Pons, T.P.3    Kaas, J.H.4
  • 49
    • 44649117338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic intra-and interhemispheric interactions during unilateral and bilateral hand movements assessed with fMRI and DCM
    • Grefkes, C., Eickhoff, S.B., Nowak, D.A., Dafotakis, M., Fink, G.R., 2008. Dynamic intra-and interhemispheric interactions during unilateral and bilateral hand movements assessed with fMRI and DCM. Neuroimage 41, 1382-1394.
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.41 , pp. 1382-1394
    • Grefkes, C.1    Eickhoff, S.B.2    Nowak, D.A.3    Dafotakis, M.4    Fink, G.R.5
  • 50
    • 75449092611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating cortical connectivity in stroke patients by rTMS assessed with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling
    • Grefkes, C., Nowak, D.A., Wang, L.E., Dafotakis, M., Eickhoff, S.B., Fink, G.R., 2010. Modulating cortical connectivity in stroke patients by rTMS assessed with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling. Neuroimage 50, 233-242.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.50 , pp. 233-242
    • Grefkes, C.1    Nowak, D.A.2    Wang, L.E.3    Dafotakis, M.4    Eickhoff, S.B.5    Fink, G.R.6
  • 51
    • 84878839127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity
    • Hamada, M., Murase, N., Hasan, A., Balaratnam, M., Rothwell, J.C., 2013. The role of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity. Cereb. Cortex 23, 1593-1605.
    • (2013) Cereb. Cortex , vol.23 , pp. 1593-1605
    • Hamada, M.1    Murase, N.2    Hasan, A.3    Balaratnam, M.4    Rothwell, J.C.5
  • 53
    • 33947152883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric inhibition in distal and proximal arm representations in the primary motor cortex
    • Harris-Love, M.L., Perez, M.A., Chen, R., Cohen, L.G., 2007. Interhemispheric inhibition in distal and proximal arm representations in the primary motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 97, 2511-2515.
    • (2007) J. Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 2511-2515
    • Harris-Love, M.L.1    Perez, M.A.2    Chen, R.3    Cohen, L.G.4
  • 54
    • 0029017062 scopus 로고
    • Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: motor areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere
    • He, S.Q., Dum, R.P., Strick, P.L., 1995. Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: motor areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere. J. Neurosci. 15, 3284-3306.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 3284-3306
    • He, S.Q.1    Dum, R.P.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 55
    • 80054045553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted arm training in subacute stroke patients: an exploratory, randomized multicenter trial
    • Hesse, S., Waldner, A., Mehrholz, J., Tomelleri, C., Pohl, M., Werner, C., 2011. Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted arm training in subacute stroke patients: an exploratory, randomized multicenter trial. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 25, 838-846.
    • (2011) Neurorehabil. Neural Repair , vol.25 , pp. 838-846
    • Hesse, S.1    Waldner, A.2    Mehrholz, J.3    Tomelleri, C.4    Pohl, M.5    Werner, C.6
  • 56
    • 0017407988 scopus 로고
    • Locating corticospinal neurons by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase
    • Hicks, S.P., D'Amato, C.J., 1977. Locating corticospinal neurons by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Exp. Neurol. 56, 410-420.
    • (1977) Exp. Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 410-420
    • Hicks, S.P.1    D'Amato, C.J.2
  • 58
    • 33745968282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke?
    • Hummel, F.C., Cohen, L.G., 2006. Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? Lancet Neurol. 5, 708-712.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 708-712
    • Hummel, F.C.1    Cohen, L.G.2
  • 59
    • 15044348999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke
    • Hummel, F., Celnik, P., Giraux, P., Floel, A., Wu, W.H., Gerloff, C., Cohen, L.G., 2005. Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain 128, 490-499.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 490-499
    • Hummel, F.1    Celnik, P.2    Giraux, P.3    Floel, A.4    Wu, W.H.5    Gerloff, C.6    Cohen, L.G.7
  • 60
    • 0031902046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural activity related to reaching and grasping in rostral and caudal regions of rat motor cortex
    • Hyland, B., 1998. Neural activity related to reaching and grasping in rostral and caudal regions of rat motor cortex. Behav. Brain Res. 94, 255-269.
    • (1998) Behav. Brain Res , vol.94 , pp. 255-269
    • Hyland, B.1
  • 61
    • 31044438451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can corticospinal tract neurons contribute to ipsilateral movements? A question with implications for recovery of motor functions
    • Jankowska, E., Edgley, S.A., 2006. How can corticospinal tract neurons contribute to ipsilateral movements? A question with implications for recovery of motor functions. Neuroscientist 12, 67-79.
    • (2006) Neuroscientist , vol.12 , pp. 67-79
    • Jankowska, E.1    Edgley, S.A.2
  • 62
    • 0018703841 scopus 로고
    • Commissural projections of the cortical hand motor area in monkeys
    • Jenny, A.B., 1979. Commissural projections of the cortical hand motor area in monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 188, 137-145.
    • (1979) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.188 , pp. 137-145
    • Jenny, A.B.1
  • 63
    • 0018686458 scopus 로고
    • Commissural columns in the sensory-motor cortex of monkeys
    • Jones, E.G., Coulter, J.D., Wise, S.P., 1979. Commissural columns in the sensory-motor cortex of monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 188, 113-135.
    • (1979) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.188 , pp. 113-135
    • Jones, E.G.1    Coulter, J.D.2    Wise, S.P.3
  • 64
    • 0027372514 scopus 로고
    • The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates
    • Kaas, J.H., 1993. The functional organization of somatosensory cortex in primates. Anat. Anz. 175, 509-518.
    • (1993) Anat. Anz , vol.175 , pp. 509-518
    • Kaas, J.H.1
  • 65
    • 0018759870 scopus 로고
    • Multiple representations of the body within the primary somatosensory cortex of primates
    • Kaas, J.H., Nelson, R.J., Sur, M., Lin, C.S., Merzenich, M.M., 1979. Multiple representations of the body within the primary somatosensory cortex of primates. Science 204, 521-523.
    • (1979) Science , vol.204 , pp. 521-523
    • Kaas, J.H.1    Nelson, R.J.2    Sur, M.3    Lin, C.S.4    Merzenich, M.M.5
  • 66
    • 0032908436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural activity of supplementary and primary motor areas in monkeys and its relation to bimanual and unimanual movement sequences
    • Kazennikov, O., Hyland, B., Corboz, M., Babalian, A., Rouiller, E.M., Wiesendanger, M., 1999. Neural activity of supplementary and primary motor areas in monkeys and its relation to bimanual and unimanual movement sequences. Neuroscience 89, 661-674.
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.89 , pp. 661-674
    • Kazennikov, O.1    Hyland, B.2    Corboz, M.3    Babalian, A.4    Rouiller, E.M.5    Wiesendanger, M.6
  • 67
    • 77956241660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-and long-term effect of rTMS on motor function recovery after ischemic stroke
    • Khedr, E.M., Fetoh, N.A., 2010. Short-and long-term effect of rTMS on motor function recovery after ischemic stroke. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 28, 545-559.
    • (2010) Restor. Neurol. Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 545-559
    • Khedr, E.M.1    Fetoh, N.A.2
  • 68
    • 0020559342 scopus 로고
    • The relation of corpus callosum connections to architectonic fields and body surface maps in sensorimotor cortex of new and old world monkeys
    • Killackey, H.P., Gould 3RD, H.J., Cusick, C.G., Pons, T.P., Kaas, J.H., 1983. The relation of corpus callosum connections to architectonic fields and body surface maps in sensorimotor cortex of new and old world monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 219, 384-419.
    • (1983) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.219 , pp. 384-419
    • Killackey, H.P.1    Gould, H.J.2    Cusick, C.G.3    Pons, T.P.4    Kaas, J.H.5
  • 69
    • 4344630008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitative effect of high frequency subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on complex sequential motor learning in humans
    • Kim, Y.H., Park, J.W., Ko, M.H., Janh, S.H., Lee, P.K., 2004. Facilitative effect of high frequency subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on complex sequential motor learning in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 367, 181-185.
    • (2004) Neurosci. Lett , vol.367 , pp. 181-185
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Park, J.W.2    Ko, M.H.3    Janh, S.H.4    Lee, P.K.5
  • 71
    • 0000163237 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the descending pathways
    • Brookhart, J.M., Mountcastle, V.B. (Ed.), The Nervous System. Motor Control, Part 1 American Physiology Society, Bethesda, MD, Section 1
    • Kuypers, H.G.J.M., 1981. Anatomy of the descending pathways. In: Brookhart, J.M., Mountcastle, V.B. (Eds.), Handbook of Physiology, Section 1. The Nervous System. Motor Control, Part 1, vol. 2. American Physiology Society, Bethesda, MD.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology , vol.2
    • Kuypers, H.G.J.M.1
  • 72
    • 67650071086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review
    • Langhorne, P., Coupar, F., Pollock, A., 2009. Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 8, 741-754.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 741-754
    • Langhorne, P.1    Coupar, F.2    Pollock, A.3
  • 73
    • 0023008655 scopus 로고
    • Afferent and efferent connections of the dorsolateral precentral gyrus (area 4, hand/arm region) in the macaque monkey, with comparisons to area 8
    • Leichnetz, G.R., 1986. Afferent and efferent connections of the dorsolateral precentral gyrus (area 4, hand/arm region) in the macaque monkey, with comparisons to area 8. J. Comp. Neurol. 254, 460-492.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.254 , pp. 460-492
    • Leichnetz, G.R.1
  • 74
    • 0025046193 scopus 로고
    • Areal distributions of cortical neurons projecting to different levels of the caudal brain stem and spinal cord in rats
    • Li, X.G., Florence, S.L., Kaas, J.H., 1990. Areal distributions of cortical neurons projecting to different levels of the caudal brain stem and spinal cord in rats. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 7, 315-335.
    • (1990) Somatosens. Mot. Res , vol.7 , pp. 315-335
    • Li, X.G.1    Florence, S.L.2    Kaas, J.H.3
  • 75
    • 0025866383 scopus 로고
    • Corticomotoneuronal connections in the rat: evidence from double-labeling of motoneurons and corticospinal axon arborizations
    • Liang, F.Y., Moret, V., Wiesendanger, M., Rouiller, E.M., 1991. Corticomotoneuronal connections in the rat: evidence from double-labeling of motoneurons and corticospinal axon arborizations. J. Comp. Neurol. 311, 356-366.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.311 , pp. 356-366
    • Liang, F.Y.1    Moret, V.2    Wiesendanger, M.3    Rouiller, E.M.4
  • 76
    • 0033753387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex disinhibition of the unaffected hemisphere after acute stroke
    • Liepert, J., Hamzei, F., Weiller, C., 2000. Motor cortex disinhibition of the unaffected hemisphere after acute stroke. Muscle Nerve 23, 1761-1763.
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve , vol.23 , pp. 1761-1763
    • Liepert, J.1    Hamzei, F.2    Weiller, C.3
  • 77
    • 44649125431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of activity in the forelimb motor cortex temporarily enlarges forelimb representation in the homotopic cortex in adult rats
    • Maggiolini, E., Viaro, R., Franchi, G., 2008. Suppression of activity in the forelimb motor cortex temporarily enlarges forelimb representation in the homotopic cortex in adult rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 27, 2733-2746.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 2733-2746
    • Maggiolini, E.1    Viaro, R.2    Franchi, G.3
  • 78
    • 0036173818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the corticospinal projection from primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area to macaque upper limb motoneurons: an anatomical and electrophysiological study
    • Maier, M.A., Armand, J., Kirkwood, P.A., Yang, H.W., Davis, J.N., Lemon, R.N., 2002. Differences in the corticospinal projection from primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area to macaque upper limb motoneurons: an anatomical and electrophysiological study. Cereb. Cortex 12, 281-296.
    • (2002) Cereb. Cortex , vol.12 , pp. 281-296
    • Maier, M.A.1    Armand, J.2    Kirkwood, P.A.3    Yang, H.W.4    Davis, J.N.5    Lemon, R.N.6
  • 79
    • 0036275627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor disinhibition in affected and unaffected hemisphere in the early period of recovery after stroke
    • Manganotti, P., Patuzzo, S., Cortese, F., Palermo, A., Smania, N., Fiaschi, A., 2002. Motor disinhibition in affected and unaffected hemisphere in the early period of recovery after stroke. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113, 936-943.
    • (2002) Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.113 , pp. 936-943
    • Manganotti, P.1    Patuzzo, S.2    Cortese, F.3    Palermo, A.4    Smania, N.5    Fiaschi, A.6
  • 81
    • 84893349813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute inactivation of the contralesional hemisphere for longer durations improves recovery after cortical injury
    • Mansoori, B.K., Jean-Charles, L., Touvykine, B., Liu, A., Quessy, S., Dancause, N., 2014. Acute inactivation of the contralesional hemisphere for longer durations improves recovery after cortical injury. Exp. Neurol. 254, 18-28.
    • (2014) Exp. Neurol , vol.254 , pp. 18-28
    • Mansoori, B.K.1    Jean-Charles, L.2    Touvykine, B.3    Liu, A.4    Quessy, S.5    Dancause, N.6
  • 86
    • 0025769781 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic estimation of the extent of reversible inactivation produced by microinjection of lidocaine and muscimol in the rat
    • Martin, J.H., 1991. Autoradiographic estimation of the extent of reversible inactivation produced by microinjection of lidocaine and muscimol in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 127, 160-164.
    • (1991) Neurosci. Lett , vol.127 , pp. 160-164
    • Martin, J.H.1
  • 87
    • 0022398372 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey
    • Matelli, M., Luppino, G., Rizzolatti, G., 1985. Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey. Behav. Brain Res. 18, 125-136.
    • (1985) Behav. Brain Res , vol.18 , pp. 125-136
    • Matelli, M.1    Luppino, G.2    Rizzolatti, G.3
  • 88
    • 0026217453 scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric integration: II. Symmetry and convergence of the corticostriatal projections of the left and the right principal sulcus (PS) and the left and the right supplementary motor area (SMA) of the rhesus monkey
    • Mcguire, P.K., Bates, J.F., Goldman-Rakic, P.S., 1991. Interhemispheric integration: II. Symmetry and convergence of the corticostriatal projections of the left and the right principal sulcus (PS) and the left and the right supplementary motor area (SMA) of the rhesus monkey. Cereb. Cortex 1, 408-417.
    • (1991) Cereb. Cortex , vol.1 , pp. 408-417
    • Mcguire, P.K.1    Bates, J.F.2    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.3
  • 89
    • 0021921908 scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory evoked potentials as a measure of experimental cerebral ischemia
    • Meyer, K.L., Dempsey, R.J., Roy, M.W., Donaldson, D.L., 1985. Somatosensory evoked potentials as a measure of experimental cerebral ischemia. J. Neurosurg. 62, 269-275.
    • (1985) J. Neurosurg , vol.62 , pp. 269-275
    • Meyer, K.L.1    Dempsey, R.J.2    Roy, M.W.3    Donaldson, D.L.4
  • 90
    • 0028908431 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory and excitatory interhemispheric transfers between motor cortical areas in normal humans and patients with abnormalities of the corpus callosum
    • Meyer, B.U., Roricht, S., Grafin Von Einsiedel, H., Kruggel, F., Weindl, A., 1995. Inhibitory and excitatory interhemispheric transfers between motor cortical areas in normal humans and patients with abnormalities of the corpus callosum. Brain 118 (Pt. 2), 429-440.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 429-440
    • Meyer, B.U.1    Roricht, S.2    Grafin Von Einsiedel, H.3    Kruggel, F.4    Weindl, A.5
  • 91
    • 2642610292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topography of fibers in the human corpus callosum mediating interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices
    • Meyer, B.U., Roricht, S., Woiciechowsky, C., 1998. Topography of fibers in the human corpus callosum mediating interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices. Ann. Neurol. 43, 360-369.
    • (1998) Ann. Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 360-369
    • Meyer, B.U.1    Roricht, S.2    Woiciechowsky, C.3
  • 92
    • 9244239701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric interaction between human dorsal premotor and contralateral primary motor cortex
    • Mochizuki, H., Huang, Y.Z., Rothwell, J.C., 2004. Interhemispheric interaction between human dorsal premotor and contralateral primary motor cortex. J. Physiol. 561, 331-338.
    • (2004) J. Physiol , vol.561 , pp. 331-338
    • Mochizuki, H.1    Huang, Y.Z.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 93
    • 79959355101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted mini-strokes produce changes in interhemispheric sensory signal processing that are indicative of disinhibition within minutes
    • Mohajerani, M.H., Aminoltejari, K., Murphy, T.H., 2011. Targeted mini-strokes produce changes in interhemispheric sensory signal processing that are indicative of disinhibition within minutes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, E183-E191.
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.108 , pp. E183-E191
    • Mohajerani, M.H.1    Aminoltejari, K.2    Murphy, T.H.3
  • 94
    • 0026101797 scopus 로고
    • The "staircase test": a measure of independent forelimb reaching and grasping abilities in rats
    • Montoya, C.P., Campbell-Hope, L.J., Pemberton, K.D., Dunnett, S.B., 1991. The "staircase test": a measure of independent forelimb reaching and grasping abilities in rats. J. Neurosci. Methods 36, 219-228.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.36 , pp. 219-228
    • Montoya, C.P.1    Campbell-Hope, L.J.2    Pemberton, K.D.3    Dunnett, S.B.4
  • 95
    • 0018666672 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: evidence for four somatotopically organized 'premotor' areas
    • Muakkassa, K.F., Strick, P.L., 1979. Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: evidence for four somatotopically organized 'premotor' areas. Brain Res. 177, 176-182.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.177 , pp. 176-182
    • Muakkassa, K.F.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 96
    • 1442353755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke
    • Murase, N., Duque, J., Mazzocchio, R., Cohen, L.G., 2004. Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke. Ann. Neurol. 55, 400-409.
    • (2004) Ann. Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 400-409
    • Murase, N.1    Duque, J.2    Mazzocchio, R.3    Cohen, L.G.4
  • 97
    • 0025216376 scopus 로고
    • The corticospinal tracts in man. Course and location of fibres at different segmental levels
    • Nathan, P.W., Smith, M.C., Deacon, P., 1990. The corticospinal tracts in man. Course and location of fibres at different segmental levels. Brain 113 (Pt. 2), 303-324.
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 303-324
    • Nathan, P.W.1    Smith, M.C.2    Deacon, P.3
  • 99
    • 0030747003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of motor output in the non-affected hemisphere after stroke
    • Netz, J., Lammers, T., Homberg, V., 1997. Reorganization of motor output in the non-affected hemisphere after stroke. Brain 120 (Pt. 9), 1579-1586.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 1579-1586
    • Netz, J.1    Lammers, T.2    Homberg, V.3
  • 100
    • 0029942870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of movement representations in primary motor cortex following focal ischemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys
    • Nudo, R.J., Milliken, G.W., 1996. Reorganization of movement representations in primary motor cortex following focal ischemic infarcts in adult squirrel monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 75, 2144-2149.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 2144-2149
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Milliken, G.W.2
  • 101
    • 0030033443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys
    • Nudo, R.J., Milliken, G.W., Jenkins, W.M., Merzenich, M.M., 1996. Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys. J. Neurosci. 16, 785-807.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 785-807
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Milliken, G.W.2    Jenkins, W.M.3    Merzenich, M.M.4
  • 102
    • 4844223881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hoffmann reflex: methodologic considerations and applications for use in sports medicine and athletic training research
    • Palmieri, R.M., Ingersoll, C.D., Hoffman, M.A., 2004. The Hoffmann reflex: methodologic considerations and applications for use in sports medicine and athletic training research. J. Athl. Train. 39, 268-277.
    • (2004) J. Athl. Train , vol.39 , pp. 268-277
    • Palmieri, R.M.1    Ingersoll, C.D.2    Hoffman, M.A.3
  • 103
    • 0035871367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques
    • Park, M.C., Belhaj-Saif, A., Gordon, M., Cheney, P.D., 2001. Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques. J. Neurosci. 21, 2784-2792.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 2784-2792
    • Park, M.C.1    Belhaj-Saif, A.2    Gordon, M.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 104
    • 0029954370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation
    • Picard, N., Strick, P.L., 1996. Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation. Cereb. Cortex 6, 342-353.
    • (1996) Cereb. Cortex , vol.6 , pp. 342-353
    • Picard, N.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 105
    • 0037623367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disinhibition of the contralateral motor cortex by low-frequency rTMS
    • Plewnia, C., Lotze, M., Gerloff, C., 2003. Disinhibition of the contralateral motor cortex by low-frequency rTMS. Neuroreport 14, 609-612.
    • (2003) Neuroreport , vol.14 , pp. 609-612
    • Plewnia, C.1    Lotze, M.2    Gerloff, C.3
  • 106
    • 0022395013 scopus 로고
    • The corticomotoneuronal component of the pyramidal tract: corticomotoneuronal connections and functions in primates
    • Porter, R., 1985. The corticomotoneuronal component of the pyramidal tract: corticomotoneuronal connections and functions in primates. Brain Res. 357, 1-26.
    • (1985) Brain Res , vol.357 , pp. 1-26
    • Porter, R.1
  • 107
    • 0028147587 scopus 로고
    • Tactile activity in primate primary somatosensory cortex during active arm movements: cytoarchitectonic distribution
    • Prud'homme, M.J., Cohen, D.A., Kalaska, J.F., 1994. Tactile activity in primate primary somatosensory cortex during active arm movements: cytoarchitectonic distribution. J. Neurophysiol. 71, 173-181.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol , vol.71 , pp. 173-181
    • Prud'homme, M.J.1    Cohen, D.A.2    Kalaska, J.F.3
  • 108
    • 0022396796 scopus 로고
    • The terminations of corticospinal tract axons in the macaque monkey
    • Ralston, D.D., Ralston 3RD, H.J., 1985. The terminations of corticospinal tract axons in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 242, 325-337.
    • (1985) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.242 , pp. 325-337
    • Ralston, D.D.1    Ralston, H.J.2
  • 109
    • 33744474555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective
    • Rathelot, J.A., Strick, P.L., 2006. Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 8257-8262.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.103 , pp. 8257-8262
    • Rathelot, J.A.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 110
    • 58849084705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on corticomotoneuronal cells
    • Rathelot, J.A., Strick, P.L., 2009. Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on corticomotoneuronal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 918-923.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.106 , pp. 918-923
    • Rathelot, J.A.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 111
    • 84855424349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of motor-related neural activity after stroke
    • Rehme, A.K., Eickhoff, S.B., Rottschy, C., Fink, G.R., Grefkes, C., 2012. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of motor-related neural activity after stroke. Neuroimage 59, 2771-2782.
    • (2012) Neuroimage , vol.59 , pp. 2771-2782
    • Rehme, A.K.1    Eickhoff, S.B.2    Rottschy, C.3    Fink, G.R.4    Grefkes, C.5
  • 112
    • 0020590694 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys
    • Rizzolatti, G., Matelli, M., Pavesi, G., 1983. Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys. Brain 106 (Pt. 3), 655-673.
    • (1983) Brain , vol.106 , pp. 655-673
    • Rizzolatti, G.1    Matelli, M.2    Pavesi, G.3
  • 114
    • 0027358815 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the connectional properties of the two forelimb areas of the rat sensorimotor cortex: support for the presence of a premotor or supplementary motor cortical area
    • Rouiller, E.M., Moret, V., Liang, F., 1993. Comparison of the connectional properties of the two forelimb areas of the rat sensorimotor cortex: support for the presence of a premotor or supplementary motor cortical area. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 10, 269-289.
    • (1993) Somatosens. Mot. Res , vol.10 , pp. 269-289
    • Rouiller, E.M.1    Moret, V.2    Liang, F.3
  • 115
    • 0028560377 scopus 로고
    • Transcallosal connections of the distal forelimb representations of the primary and supplementary motor cortical areas in macaque monkeys
    • Rouiller, E.M., Babalian, A., Kazennikov, O., Moret, V., Yu, X.H., Wiesendanger, M., 1994. Transcallosal connections of the distal forelimb representations of the primary and supplementary motor cortical areas in macaque monkeys. Exp. Brain Res. 102, 227-243.
    • (1994) Exp. Brain Res , vol.102 , pp. 227-243
    • Rouiller, E.M.1    Babalian, A.2    Kazennikov, O.3    Moret, V.4    Yu, X.H.5    Wiesendanger, M.6
  • 116
    • 0025166513 scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory evoked potentials in rat cerebral cortex before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • Sakatani, K., Iizuka, H., Young, W., 1990. Somatosensory evoked potentials in rat cerebral cortex before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 21, 124-132.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 124-132
    • Sakatani, K.1    Iizuka, H.2    Young, W.3
  • 117
    • 84859445851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergence of human brain mapping tools: neuronavigated TMS parameters and fMRI activity in the hand motor area
    • Sarfeld, A.S., Diekhoff, S., Wang, L.E., Liuzzi, G., Uludag, K., Eickhoff, S.B., Fink, G.R., Grefkes, C., 2012. Convergence of human brain mapping tools: neuronavigated TMS parameters and fMRI activity in the hand motor area. Hum. Brain Mapp. 33, 1107-1123.
    • (2012) Hum. Brain Mapp , vol.33 , pp. 1107-1123
    • Sarfeld, A.S.1    Diekhoff, S.2    Wang, L.E.3    Liuzzi, G.4    Uludag, K.5    Eickhoff, S.B.6    Fink, G.R.7    Grefkes, C.8
  • 119
    • 0037213722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of excitability of human motor cortex (M1) by 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralateral M1
    • Schambra, H.M., Sawaki, L., Cohen, L.G., 2003. Modulation of excitability of human motor cortex (M1) by 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralateral M1. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114, 130-133.
    • (2003) Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.114 , pp. 130-133
    • Schambra, H.M.1    Sawaki, L.2    Cohen, L.G.3
  • 120
    • 0033952822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the ventral premotor cortex biases the laterality of motoric choices
    • Schieber, M.H., 2000. Inactivation of the ventral premotor cortex biases the laterality of motoric choices. Exp. Brain Res. 130, 497-507.
    • (2000) Exp. Brain Res , vol.130 , pp. 497-507
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 121
    • 18544368390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ipsilateral hemiparesis caused by a corona radiata infarct after a previous stroke on the opposite side
    • Song, Y.M., Lee, J.Y., Park, J.M., Yoon, B.W., Roh, J.K., 2005. Ipsilateral hemiparesis caused by a corona radiata infarct after a previous stroke on the opposite side. Arch. Neurol. 62, 809-811.
    • (2005) Arch. Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 809-811
    • Song, Y.M.1    Lee, J.Y.2    Park, J.M.3    Yoon, B.W.4    Roh, J.K.5
  • 122
    • 84908154291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in stroke recovery using magnetic resonance imaging
    • Stagg, C.J., Johansen-Berg, H., 2013. Studying the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in stroke recovery using magnetic resonance imaging. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 857.
    • (2013) Front. Hum. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 857
    • Stagg, C.J.1    Johansen-Berg, H.2
  • 123
    • 0027408279 scopus 로고
    • Architectonics, somatotopic organization, and ipsilateral cortical connections of the primary motor area (M1) of owl monkeys
    • Stepniewska, I., Preuss, T.M., Kaas, J.H., 1993. Architectonics, somatotopic organization, and ipsilateral cortical connections of the primary motor area (M1) of owl monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 330, 238-271.
    • (1993) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.330 , pp. 238-271
    • Stepniewska, I.1    Preuss, T.M.2    Kaas, J.H.3
  • 124
    • 0020318619 scopus 로고
    • Two representations of the hand in area 4 of a primate. II. Somatosensory input organization
    • Strick, P.L., Preston, J.B., 1982. Two representations of the hand in area 4 of a primate. II. Somatosensory input organization. J. Neurophysiol. 48, 150-159.
    • (1982) J. Neurophysiol , vol.48 , pp. 150-159
    • Strick, P.L.1    Preston, J.B.2
  • 125
    • 33845942977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring Theta Burst Stimulation as an intervention to improve motor recovery in chronic stroke
    • Talelli, P., Greenwood, R.J., Rothwell, J.C., 2007. Exploring Theta Burst Stimulation as an intervention to improve motor recovery in chronic stroke. Clin. Neurophysiol. 118, 333-342.
    • (2007) Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.118 , pp. 333-342
    • Talelli, P.1    Greenwood, R.J.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 127
    • 0024845493 scopus 로고
    • Changing concepts of motor areas of the cerebral cortex
    • Tanji, J., Kurata, K., 1989. Changing concepts of motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Brain Dev. 11, 374-377.
    • (1989) Brain Dev , vol.11 , pp. 374-377
    • Tanji, J.1    Kurata, K.2
  • 128
    • 0023204112 scopus 로고
    • Relation of neurons in the nonprimary motor cortex to bilateral hand movement
    • Tanji, J., Okano, K., Sato, K.C., 1987. Relation of neurons in the nonprimary motor cortex to bilateral hand movement. Nature 327, 618-620.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 618-620
    • Tanji, J.1    Okano, K.2    Sato, K.C.3
  • 129
    • 0027423143 scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric facilitation of the hand area of the human motor cortex
    • Ugawa, Y., Hanajima, R., Kanazawa, I., 1993. Interhemispheric facilitation of the hand area of the human motor cortex. Neurosci. Lett. 160, 153-155.
    • (1993) Neurosci. Lett , vol.160 , pp. 153-155
    • Ugawa, Y.1    Hanajima, R.2    Kanazawa, I.3
  • 132
    • 0032545586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analyses of thalamic and cortical origins of neurons projecting to the rostral and caudal forelimb motor areas in the cerebral cortex of rats
    • Wang, Y., Kurata, K., 1998. Quantitative analyses of thalamic and cortical origins of neurons projecting to the rostral and caudal forelimb motor areas in the cerebral cortex of rats. Brain Res. 781, 137-147.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.781 , pp. 137-147
    • Wang, Y.1    Kurata, K.2
  • 133
    • 0028059606 scopus 로고
    • Cortical motor representation of the ipsilateral hand and arm
    • Wassermann, E.M., Pascual-Leone, A., Hallett, M., 1994. Cortical motor representation of the ipsilateral hand and arm. Exp. Brain Res. 100, 121-132.
    • (1994) Exp. Brain Res , vol.100 , pp. 121-132
    • Wassermann, E.M.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 134
    • 0030221831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An endpoint, descriptive, and kinematic comparison of skilled reaching in mice (Mus musculus) with rats (Rattus norvegicus)
    • Whishaw, I.Q., 1996. An endpoint, descriptive, and kinematic comparison of skilled reaching in mice (Mus musculus) with rats (Rattus norvegicus). Behav. Brain Res. 78, 101-111.
    • (1996) Behav. Brain Res , vol.78 , pp. 101-111
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1
  • 135
    • 0027219846 scopus 로고
    • Proximal and distal impairments in rat forelimb use in reaching follow unilateral pyramidal tract lesions
    • Whishaw, I.Q., Pellis, S.M., Gorny, B., Kolb, B., Tetzlaff, W., 1993. Proximal and distal impairments in rat forelimb use in reaching follow unilateral pyramidal tract lesions. Behav. Brain Res. 56, 59-76.
    • (1993) Behav. Brain Res , vol.56 , pp. 59-76
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1    Pellis, S.M.2    Gorny, B.3    Kolb, B.4    Tetzlaff, W.5
  • 136
    • 0032102281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paw and limb use in skilled and spontaneous reaching after pyramidal tract, red nucleus and combined lesions in the rat: behavioral and anatomical dissociations
    • Whishaw, I.Q., Gorny, B., Sarna, J., 1998. Paw and limb use in skilled and spontaneous reaching after pyramidal tract, red nucleus and combined lesions in the rat: behavioral and anatomical dissociations. Behav. Brain Res. 93, 167-183.
    • (1998) Behav. Brain Res , vol.93 , pp. 167-183
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1    Gorny, B.2    Sarna, J.3
  • 137
    • 0001241677 scopus 로고
    • The pyramidal tract: its structure and function
    • Tow, A.L., Luschei, E.S. (Ed.), Motor Coordination, Plenum Press, New York
    • Wiesendanger, M., 1981. The pyramidal tract: its structure and function. In: Tow, A.L., Luschei, E.S. (Eds.), Handbook of Behavioural Neurobiology. Motor Coordination, vol. 5. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1981) Handbook of Behavioural Neurobiology , vol.5
    • Wiesendanger, M.1
  • 138
    • 0001845695 scopus 로고
    • Are there unifying structures in the brain responsible for interlimb coordination?
    • Swinnen, S.P., Heuer, H., Massion, J., Casaer, P. (Eds.). Academic Press Inc., San Diego
    • Wiesendanger, M., Wicki, U., Rouiller, E.M., 1993. Are there unifying structures in the brain responsible for interlimb coordination? In: Swinnen, S.P., Heuer, H., Massion, J., Casaer, P. (Eds.), Interlimb Coordination: Neural, Dynamical, and Cognitive Constraints. Academic Press Inc., San Diego.
    • (1993) Interlimb Coordination: Neural, Dynamical, and Cognitive Constraints
    • Wiesendanger, M.1    Wicki, U.2    Rouiller, E.M.3
  • 139
    • 0018754604 scopus 로고
    • Somatotopic organization of corticospinal and corticotrigeminal neurons in the rat
    • Wise, S.P., Murray, E.A., Coulter, J.D., 1979. Somatotopic organization of corticospinal and corticotrigeminal neurons in the rat. Neuroscience 4, 65-78.
    • (1979) Neuroscience , vol.4 , pp. 65-78
    • Wise, S.P.1    Murray, E.A.2    Coulter, J.D.3
  • 141
    • 0037392912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An electron microscopic examination of the corticospinal projection to the cervical spinal cord in the rat: lack of evidence for cortico-motoneuronal synapses
    • Yang, H.W., Lemon, R.N., 2003. An electron microscopic examination of the corticospinal projection to the cervical spinal cord in the rat: lack of evidence for cortico-motoneuronal synapses. Exp. Brain Res. 149, 458-469.
    • (2003) Exp. Brain Res , vol.149 , pp. 458-469
    • Yang, H.W.1    Lemon, R.N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.