The Nordic Seas: An Overview

The Nordic Seas: An Integrated Perspective: Oceanography, Climatology, Biogeochemistry, and Modeling

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-10

  Drange, Helge ^a,b,c   Dokken, Trond ^b   Furevik, Tore ^b   Gerdes, Rüdiger ^d   Berger, Wolfgang ^e   Nesje, Atle ^b   Orvik, Kjell Arild ^b   Skagseth, Øystein ^b   Skjelvan, Ingunn ^b   Østerhus, Svein ^b  

^a NANSEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND REMOTE SENSING CENTER   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^c Nansen Zhu International Research Centre   (China)

^d ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Climatic changes Arctic regions; Ocean atmosphere interaction Arctic regions; Oceanography Arctic regions

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE MODELS; DATA ACQUISITION; DIGITAL STORAGE; GREENHOUSE GASES; HEAT STORAGE; LOCATION; OCEANOGRAPHY;

ARCTIC REGIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES; ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES; HIGH FREQUENCY HF; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; SOUTH-WESTERLY WINDS;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

EID: 84952774934     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1029/158GM02     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. Aagaard, K., E. Carmack, The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the arctic circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14,485-14,498, 1989.
2. Andersen, C, N. Koç, A. Jennings, T. Andrews, Nonuniform response of the major surface currents of the Nordic Seas to insolation forcing: implications for the Holocene climate variability. Paleoceanography, 19, PA2003, doi:10.1029/2002PA000873, 2004.
3. Anderson, L.G., H. Drange, M. Chierichi, A. Fransson, T. Johannessen, I. Skjelvan, and F. Rey, Sesonal and annual variability in the upper Greenland Sea based on measurements and a box model. Tellus, 52B, 1013-1024, 2000.
4. Bentsen, M., H. Drange, T. Furevik, and T. Zhou, Simulated variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Clim. Dynam., doi: 10.1007/s00382-004-0397-x, 2004.
5. Birks, C.J.A. and N. Koç, A high-resolution diatom record of late Quaternary sea-surface temperatures and océanographie conditions from the eastern Norwegian Sea. Boreas, 31, 323-344, 2002.
6. Bochkov, Y.A., Water temperature in the 0-200 m layer in the Kola Meridian Section in the Barents Sea, 1900-1981. Sb. Nauch. Trud. PINRO, 46, 113-122, 1982. In Russian.
7. Brewer, P.G., A.L. Bradshaw, R.T. Williams, Measurements of total carbon dioxide and alkalinity in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1981. In The Changing Carbon Cycle: A Global Analysis, J.R. Trabalka and D.E. Reichle (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 348-370, 1986.
8. Calvo, E., J. Grimait, E. Jansen, High resolution UK37 sea surface temperature reconstruction in the Norwegian Sea during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 1385-1394, 2002.
9. Cubash, U, G.A. Meehl, G.J. Boer, R.J. Stouffer, M. Dix, A. Noda, C.A. Senior, S. Raper, and K.S. Yap, Projections of future climate change. In Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. J.T. Houghton, Ding Yihui, and M. Noguer (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2001.
10. Curry, R., R.R. Dickson, and I. Yashayaev, A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over thepast four decades. Nature, 426, 826-829, doi:10.1038/nature02206, 2003.
11. Delworth, T.L., and T.R. Knutson, Simulation of early 20th century global warming. Science 287, 2246-2250, 2000.
12. Deser, C, G. Magnusdottir, R. Saravanan, and A. Phillips, The effects of North Atlantic S ST and sea ice anomalies on the winter circulation in CCM3. part II: Direct and indirect components of the response. J. Climate, 17, 877-889, 2004.
13. Dickson, B., I. Yashayaev, J. Meincke, B. Turrell, S. Dye, and J. Holfort, Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature, 416, 832-837, doi:10.1038/ 416832a, 2002.
14. Dickson, R.R., J. Meincke, S.-A. Malmberg, and A.J. Lee, The "Great Salinity Anomaly" in the northern North Atlantic 1968-1982. Prog. Oceanog.,20,103-151,doi: 10.1016/0079-6611(88)90049-3, 1988.
15. Furevik, T., Annual and interannual variability of Atlantic Water temperatures in the Norwegian and Barents Seas: 1980-1996. Deep Sea Research, 48, 383-404, 2001.
16. Furevik, T., M. Bentsen, H. Drange, I.K.T.N. Kindem, G. Kvamsto, and A. Sorteberg, Description and validation of the Bergen Climate Model: ARPEGE coupled with MICOM. Clim. Dyn., 21, 27-51, doi: 10.1007/s00382-003-0317-5, 2003.
17. Haak, H., J. Jungclaus, U. Mikolajewicz, and M. Latif, Formation and propagation of great salinity anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1473, doi:10.1029/2003GL017065, 2003.
18. Hansen, B., S. Osterhus, D. Quadfasel, W.R. Turrell, Already the day after tomorrow? Science, 305, 953-954, 2004.
19. Hansen, B., and S. Osterhus, North Atlantic-Norwegian Sea Exchanges. Prog, in Oceanography, 45, 109-208, 2000.
20. Hatun, H., A.B. Sancta, H. Drange, B. Hansen, and H. Valdimarsson, Influence of the Atlantic subpolar gyre on the thermohaline circulation. Science, submitted.
21. Hellevik, A., Preface, Kongsspegelen, Det norske samlaget, Oslo, Norway (ISBN 82-521-0610-2), English translation [1976]
22. Larson, L.M., The King's Mirror: Speculum Regale-Konungs skuggsjd, The American Scandinavian Foundation, New York; Humphrey Milford, London; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1917.
23. Houghton, R.W., and M.H. Visbeck, Quasi-decadal salinity fluctuations in the Labrador Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0485, 687-701, 2002.
24. Hurrell, J.W, Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional temperature and precipitation. Science, 269, 676-679, 1995.
25. Jansen, E., and N. Koc, Century to decadal scale records of Norwegian Sea surface temperature variations of the past 2 millennia. PAGES/ CLIVAR Newsletter, 8, 13-14, 2000.
26. Johannessen, O.M., L. Bengtsson, M. Miles, S.I. Kuzmina, V Semenov, G.V. Alekseev, A.P. Nagurny, VF. Zakharov, L.P. Bobylev, L.H. Pettersson, K. Hasselmann, and H.P. Cattle, Arctic climate change-observed and modelled temperature and sea ice. Tellus Series A, 56, 328-341, 2004.
27. Kalnay, E., et al., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Am. Met. Soc, 11, 437-471, 1996.
28. Karcher, M.J., R. Gerdes, F. Kauker, and C. Koberie, Arctic warming: evolution and spreading of the 1990s warm event in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3034, doi: 10.1029/ 2001JC001265, 2003.
29. Koc, N., and E. Jansen, Holocene climate evolution of the North Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic Seas-a synthesis of new results. In Wefer, G., Berger, W.H., Behre, K.E., Jansen, E. (Eds.) Climate and History in the North Atlantic Realm. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 165-163, 2002.
30. Kuzmina, S.I., L. Bengtsson, O.M. Johannessen, H. Drange, L.P. Bobylev, and M.W. Miles, The North Atlantic Oscillation and greenhouse-gas forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, L04703, doi:10.1029/2004GL021064, 2005.
31. Kvamsto, N.G., P. Skeie, D.B. Stephenson, Large-scale impact of localized Labrador sea-ice changes on the North Atlantic Oscillation. Int. J. Climatol, 24, 603-612, 2004.
32. Luterbacher, J., D. Dietrich, E. Xoplaki, M. Grosjean, and H. Wanner, European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Science, 303, 1499-1503, 2004.
33. Magnusdottir, G., C. Deser, and R. Saravanan, The effects of North Atlantic SST and sea ice anomalies on the winter circulation in CCM3. part I: Main features and storm track characteristics of the response. J. Climate, 17, 857-876, 2004.
34. Mann, M.E., R.S. Bradley, M.K. Hughes, Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophys. Res. Lett, 26, 759-762, 1999.
35. Mikalsen, G., H.P. Sejrup, and I. Aarseth, Late Holocene changes in ocean circulation and climate: Foraminiferal and isotopic evidence from Sulafjorden, western Norway. The Holocene, 11, 437-446, 2001.
36. Moberg, A., D.M. Sonechkin, K. Holmgren, N.M. Datsenko, and W. Karlen, Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature, 433, 613-617, 2005.
37. Nesje, A., J.A. Matthews, S.O. Dahl, M.S. Berrisford, C. Andersson, Holocene glacier fluctuations of Flatebreen and winter precipitation changes in the Jostedalsbreen region, western Norway, based on glaciolacustrine records. The Holocene, 11, 267-280, 2001.
38. Orvik, K.A. and O. Skagseth, The impact of the wind stress curl in the North Atlantic on the Atlantic inflow to the Norwegian Sea toward the Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1884, doi:10.1029/2003GL017932, 2003.
39. Orvik, K.A. and O. Skagseth, The warming of the Atlantic inflow to the Norwegian Sea toward the Arctic 1995-2005: A study of temperature, volume and heat flux variations in the Norwegian Atlantic Current based on observations from moored instruments Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted.
40. Osterhus, S. and T. Gammelsred, The abyss of the Nordic Seas is warming. J. Clim., 12, 3297-3304, 1999.
41. Peterson, B.J., R.M. Holmes, J.W McClelland, C.J. Vorosmarty, R.B. Lammers, A.I. Shiklomanov, I.A. Shiklomanov, and S. Rahmstorf, Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean. Science, 298, 2171-2173, 2002.
42. Rhines, P.B. and S. Häkkinen, Is the oceanic heat transport in the North Atlantic irrelevant to the climate in Europe? ASOF Newsletter, 1, 13-16, 2003.
43. Seager, R., D.S. Battisti, J. Yin, N. Gordon, N. Naik, A.C. Clement, M.A. Cane, Is the Gulf Stream responsible for Europe's mild winters? Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc, 129, 2563-2586, 2002.
44. Skjoldal, H.R., (Ed.), The Norwegian Sea Ecosystem. Tapir Akademisk Forlag, Trondheim, Norway, 560 pp., 2004.
45. Stenseth, N.C., A. Mysterud, G. Ottersen, J.W. Hurrell, K.-S. Chan, and M. Lima, Ecological effects of climate fluctuations. Science, 297, 1292-1296, 2002.
46. Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tilbrook, N. Bates, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, and C. Sabine, Global sea-air C02 flux based on climatological surface ocean pC02, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep Sea Res., II49, 1601-1622, 2002.
47. Tereshchenko, VV, Seasonal and year-to-year variation in temperature and salinity of the main currents along the Kola section in the Barents Sea. Murmansk, PINRO Press. 71 pp, 1997 (in Russian).
48. von Storch, H., E. Zorita, J. Jones, Y. Dimitriev, F. González-Rouco, and S. Tett, Reconstructing past climate from noisy data. Science, 306, 679-682, 2004.
49. Zakharov, V.F., Sea ice in the climate system. World Climate Research Programme/Arctic Climate System Study, WMO/ TD 782, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 80 pp, 1997.