Seven conversations about the same thing: Homophobia and heterosexism in the workplace

Handbook of Workplace Diversity

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 371-400

  Creed, W E Douglas ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84951956390     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781848608092.n16     Document Type: Chapter

References (108)

1. Adams, M., and Vasilakis, A. Selling out. Sales and Marketing Management 148 (10). (1996).
2. Badgett, L. The wage effects of sexual orientation discrimination. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48 (1995). 726-39. doi:10.2307/2524353 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2524353
3. Badgett, M. V. L. (1996). Employment and sexual orientation: Disclosure and discrimination in the workplace. In A. L. Ellis, and E. D. B. Riggle (Eds), Sexual identity on the job: Issues and services (pp. 29-52). New York: Haworth Press.
4. Badgett, M. V. L. (2001). Money, myths, and change: The economic lives of lesbians and gay men. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5. Belkin, A. Breaking rank: Military homophobia and the production of queer practices and identities. Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 3 (2001). 83-106.
6. Benson, J. K. Organizations: A dialectic view. Administrative Science Quarterly 22 (1977). 1-21. doi:10.2307/2391741 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2391741
7. Berkman, C. S., and Zinberg, G. Homophobia and heterosexism in social workers. Social Work 42 (1997). 319-32. doi:10.1093/sw/42.4.319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/42.4.319
8. Bieschke, K. J., and Matthews, C. Career counselor attitudes and behaviors towards gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients. Journal of Vocational Behavior 48 (1996). 243-55. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.0021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0021
9. Bridgewater, D. (1997). Effective coming out: Self-disclosure strategies that reduce sexual identity bias. In J. T. Sears, and W. L. Williams (Eds), Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia: Strategies that work (pp. 65-75). New York: Columbia University Press.
10. Bronski, M. (1998). The pleasure principle: Sex, backlash, and the struggle for gay freedom. New York: St Martin’s Press.
11. Buckridge, S. O., Jr, Darby, K. M., Freeman, S., Hegarty, M. E., Mizell, C. A., and Raeburn, N. C. and RN Being lesbian/gay/queer in the university. An e-mail conversation. Journal of Women’s History 10 (1) (1998). 157-73.
12. Burrell, G., and Hearn, J. (1989). The sexuality of organization. In J. Hearn, D. Sheppard, P. Tencred-Sheriff, and G. Burrell (Eds), The Sexuality of Organization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Button, S. B. Organizational efforts to affirm sexual diversity: A cross-level examination. Journal of Applied Psychology 86 (2001). 17-28. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.17 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.17
14. Cain, R. Heterosexism and self-disclosure in the social work classroom. Journal of Social Work Education 32 (1) (1996). 65-77.
15. Chrobot-Mason, D., Button, S. B., and DiClementi, J. D. Sexual identity management strategies: An exploration of antecedents and consequences. Sex Roles 45 (2001). 321-36. doi:10.1023/A:1014357514405 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014357514405
16. Chung, Y B. Career decision making of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Career Development Quarterly 44 (1995). 178-90. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1995.tb00684.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1995.tb00684.x
17. Chung, Y. B. Work discrimination and coping strategies: Conceptual frameworks for counseling lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Career Development Quarterly 50 (2001). 33-44. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00887.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00887.x
18. Chung, Y. B. Ethical and professional issues in career assessment with lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons. Journal of Career Assessment 11 (2003). 96-112. doi:10.1177/106907202237462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106907202237462
19. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (2003). Considerations regarding proposals to give legal recognition to unions between homosexual persons, 3 June: http://www.vatican.va.
20. Cramer, E. (1997). Strategies for reducing social work students’ homophobia. In J. T. Sears, and W. L. Williams (Eds), Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia: Strategies that work (pp. 287-98). New York: Columbia University Press.
21. Creed, W. E. D. Voice lessons: Tempered radicals and the use of voice and silence. Journal of Management Studies 40 (6) (2003). 1503-36. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00389
22. Creed, W E. D., Langstraat, J., and Scully, M. A picture of the frame: Frame analysis as technique and as politics. Organizational Research Methods 5 (1) (2002). 34-55.
23. Creed, W. E. D., and Scully, M. A. Songs of ourselves: Employees’ deployment of social identity in workplace encounters. Journal of Management Inquiry 9 (2000). 391-413. doi:10.1177/105649260000900410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105649260000900410
24. Creed, W. E. D., Scully, M., and Austin, J. Clothes make the person: The tailoring of legitimating accounts and the social construction of identity. Organization Science 13 (5) (2002). 475-96. doi:10.1287/orsc.13.5.475.7814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.5.475.7814
25. Croteau, J. M. Research on the work experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual people: An integrative review of methodology and findings. Journal of Vocational Behavior 48 (1996). 195-209. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.0018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0018
26. Croteau, J. M., Anderson, M. Z., DiStefano, T. M., and Kampa-Kokesch, S. (2000). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual vocational psychology: Reviewing foundations and planning construction. In R. M. Perez, K. A. DeBord, and K. J. Bieschke (Eds), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients (pp. 383-408). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10339-016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10339-016
27. Croteau, J. M., and Hedstrom, S. M. Integrating communality and difference: The key to career counseling with lesbian women and gay men. Career Development Quarterly 41 (3) (1993). 201-10. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00371.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00371.x
28. Croteau, J. M., and Kusek, M. T. Gay and lesbian speaker panels: Implementation and research. Journal of Counseling and Development 70 (1992). 396-401. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01623.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01623.x
29. Croteau, J. M., and Thiel, M. J. Integrating sexual orientation in career counseling: Acting to end a form of the personal-career dichotomy. Career Development Quarterly 42 (1993). 174-9. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00432.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00432.x
30. D’Emilio, J. D. (1992). Making trouble: Essays on gay history, politics, and the university. New York: Routledge.
31. Day, N. E., and Schoenrade, P. The relationship among reported disclosure of sexual orientation, anti-discrimination policies, top management support and work attitudes of gay and lesbian employees. Personnel Review 29 (3) (2000). 346-63. doi:10.1108/00483480010324706 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480010324706
32. DiMaggio, P. J. (1991). Constructing an organizational field as a professional project: U.S. Art Museum, 1920-1940. In W. W. Powell, and P. J. DiMaggio (Eds), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 267-92). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33. DiMaggio, P. J., and Powell, W. W. The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review 48 (1983). 147-60. doi:10.2307/2095101 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095101
34. DiPlacido, J. (1998). Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 138-59). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452243818 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243818
35. Dovidio, J. F., and Gaertner, S. L. (Eds) (1986). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. San Diego: Academic Press.
36. Driscoll, J. M., Kelley, F. A., and Fassinger, R. E. Lesbian identity and disclosure in the workplace: Relation to occupational stress and satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior 48 (1996). 229-42. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.0020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0020
37. Duberman, M. (1991). Cures: A Gay Man’s Odyssey. New York: Dutton.
38. Dunkle, J. H. Toward an integration of gay and lesbian identity development and Super’s Life-span Approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior: Special Vocational Issues of Lesbian Women and Gay Men 48 (2) (1996). 149-59. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.0015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0015
39. Dutton, J. E., Ashford, S. J., Lawrence, K. A., and Miner-Rubino, K. Red light, green light: Making sense of organizational context for issue selling. Organization Science 13 (4) (2002). 355-72. doi:10.1287/orsc.13.4.355.2949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.4.355.2949
40. Ellis, A. L., and Riggle, E. D. B. The relation of job satisfaction and degree of openness about one’s sexual orientation for lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality 30 (1995). 75-85. doi:10.1300/J082v30n02_04 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J082v30n02_04
41. Ely, R. J., and Thomas, D. A. Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly 46 (2) (2001). 229-73. doi:10.2307/2667087 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2667087
42. Emert, T., and Mulburn, L. (1997). Sensitive supervisors, prepared practicum, and ‘queer’ clients: A training model for beginning counselors. In J. T. Sears, and W. L. Williams (Eds), Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia: Strategies that work (pp. 272-87). New York: Columbia University Press.
43. Foldy, E. G. (2003). Being all that you can be: Identity and interactions in organizations. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Seattle, WA.
44. Foldy, E. G., and Creed, W. E. D. Action learning, fragmentation, and the interaction of single, double, and triple loop change: A case of gay and lesbian workplace advocacy. Journal of Applied Behavior Science 35 (2) (1999). 207-27. doi:10.1177/0021886399352005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886399352005
45. Fone, B. (2000). Homophobia: A history. New York: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt.
46. Francis, B., and Skelton, C. Men teachers and the construction of heterosexual masculinity in the classroom. Sex Education 1 (1) (2001). 9-21. doi:10.1080/14681810120041689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681810120041689
47. Freud, S. (1961a). Beyond the pleasure principle (J. Strachey, Trans. and Ed.). New York: Norton.
48. Freud, S. (1961b). Civilization and its discontents (J. Strachey, Trans. and Ed.). New York: Norton.
49. Gamson, W. A. (1992). The social psychology of collective action. In. A. D. Morris, and C. M. Mueller (Eds), Frontiers in social movement theory (pp. 53-76). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
50. Gamson, W. A. (1998). Social Movements and cultural change. In M. G. Guigni, D. McAdam, and C. Tilly (Eds), From Contingency to Democracy (pp. 57-77). New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
51. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon and Schuster.
52. Gonzalez, C. (1999). Sexuality and organizational theorizing: A queer theory approach. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, Chicago, IL.
53. Gramick, J. (1983). Homophobia: A new challenge. Social Work, March-April, 137-41.
54. Griffith, K. H., and Hebl, M. R. The disclosure dilemma for gay men and lesbians: ‘Coming Out’ at work. Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (2002). 1191-9. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1191
55. Haines, H. H. (1988). Black radicals and the civil rights movement, 1954-1970. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
56. Hall, D. E. (2003). Queer theories. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
57. Hebl, M. R., Foster, J. B., Mannix, L. M., and Dovidio, J. F. Formal and interpersonal discrimination: A field study of bias toward homosexual applicants. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002). 815-25. doi:10.1177/0146167202289010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289010
58. Herek, G. M. Beyond ‘homophobia’: A social psychological perspective on attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality 10 (1984). 1-21. doi:10.1300/J082v10n01_01 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J082v10n01_01
59. Herek, G. M. Gay people and government security clearances: A social science perspective. American Psychologist 45 (9) (1990). 1035-42. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.9.1035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.9.1035
60. Herek, G. M. (1998). Bad science in the service of stigma: A critique of Cameron group’s survey studies. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (p. 255). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452243818 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243818
61. Herek, G. M. The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (2000). 19-22. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00051
62. Herek, G. M. (2004). Personal homepage. Dept. of Psychology, UC Davis: http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/prej_defn.html and http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/facts_cameron.html (Accessed August 2003 and January 2004).
63. Herek, G. M., and Capitanio, J. P. ‘some of my best friends’: Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22 (1996). 412-24. doi:10.1177/0146167296224007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167296224007
64. Herman, D. (1997). The antigay agenda: Orthodox vision and the Christian right. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Herman, E. (1995). Psychiatry, psychology, and homosexuality. New York: Chelsea House.
66. Holvino, E. (2001). Complicating gender: The simultaneity of race, gender, and class in organizational change(ing). Center for Gender in Organizations Working Paper № 14, Simmons School of Management, Boston, MA.
67. Hunt, G. (Ed.) (1999). Laboring for rights: Unions and sexual diversity across nations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
68. Hunt, G., and Rayside, D. (2002). Canadian labour and sexual diversity activism in comparative perspective. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand, Queentown, New Zealand. Available at: http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/depts/sml/airaanz/old/conferce/queenstown2002/pdf/volume1/HuntandRaysideRef-Canadian.pdf
69. Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to define America. New York: Basic Books/Harper Collins.
70. Jome, L. M., and Tokar, D. M. Dimensions of masculinity and major choice traditionality. Journal of Vocational Behavior 52 (1998). 120-34. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.1571 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1571
71. Jones, J. M. (1972). Prejudice and racism. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
72. Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
73. Kinsey, A. C, Pomeroy, W. B., and Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
74. Krupat, K., and McCreery, P. Homophobia, labor’s new frontier? A discussion with four labor leaders. Social Text 17 (4) (1999). 59-72.
75. LeVay, S. (1996). Queer science: The use and abuse of research into homosexuality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
76. Levine, M. P. Employment discrimination against gay men. International Review of Modern Sociology 9 (1979). 151-63.
77. Levine, M. P., and Leonard, R. Discrimination against lesbians in the work force. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 9 (1984). 700-10. doi:10.1086/494094 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494094
78. McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., and Zald, M. N. (Eds) (1996). Comparative perspectives on social movements: Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings. New York: Cambridge University Press.
79. McNarron, T. A. H. (1997). Poisoned ivy: Lesbian and gay academics confronting homophobia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
80. Nielsen, R. (1996). The politics of ethics: Methods for acting, learning, and sometimes fighting, with others in addressing ethical problems in organizational life. New York: Oxford University Press.
81. Ostfeld, M., and Jehn, K. E. (1998). The visibility decision-making model: The gay individual as social perceiver of power and safety in the organization (Working Paper). The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
82. Pietrzyk, M. E. Queer science. New Republic 211 (14) (1994). 10-13.
83. Ponger, B. Outta my endzone: Sport and the territorial anus. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 23 (4) (1999). 373-89.
84. Prasad, P. (1997). The protestant ethic and the myths of frontier. In P. Prasad, A. Mille, M. Elmes, and A. Prasad (Eds), Managing the organizational melting pot: Dilemmas of workplace diversity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452225807 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452225807
85. Prasad, P., and Mills, A. J. (1997). From showcase to shadow. In P. Prasad, A. J. Mills, M. Elmes, and A. Prasad (Eds), Managing the Organizational Melting Pot: Dilemmas of Workplace Diversity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452225807 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452225807
86. Raeburn, N. (2004). Inside out: The struggle for lesbian, gay, and bisexual rights in the workplace. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
87. Ragins, B. R., and Cornwell, J. M. Pink triangles: Antecedents and consequences of perceived workplace discrimination against gay and lesbian employees. Journal of Applied Psychology 86 (2001). 1244-61. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1244
88. Ragins, B. R., Cornwell, J. M., and Miller, J. S. Heterosexism in the workplace: Do race and gender matter? Group and Organization Management 28 (2003). 45-74. doi:10.1177/1059601102250018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601102250018
89. Ragins, B. R., and Wiethoff, C. (2005). Understanding Heterosexism at Work: The Straight Problem. In A. Collella, and B. Dipboye, (Eds), The psychological and organizational bases of discrimination at work. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
90. Rich, A. Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5 (4) (1980). 631-60. doi:10.1086/493756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/493756
91. Riordan, C. M. Relational demography within groups: Past developments, contradictions, and new directions. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management 19 (2000). 131-73. doi:10.1016/S0742-7301(00)19005-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301%2800%2919005-X
92. Rostosky, S. S., and Riggle, E. D. B. ‘Out’ at work: The relation of actor and partner workplace policy and internalized homophobia to disclosure status. Journal of Counseling Psychology 49 (4) (2002). 411-19. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.411
93. Russell, G. M., and Greenhouse, E. M. Homophobia in the supervisory relationship: An invisible intruder. Psychoanalytic Review 84 (1) (1997). 27-42.
94. Scully, M., and Creed, W. E. D. (2005). Subverting our stories of subversion. In G. Davis, D. McAdam, W R. Scott, and M. Zald (Eds), Social Movements and Organizational Theory (pp. 310-22). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511791000.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791000.016
95. Scully, M., Creed, W. E. D., and Ventresca, M. (2005). More than switchpersons on the tracks of history: Situated agency and contested legitimacy during the diffusion of domestic partner benefits. Working paper.
96. Sears, J. T. (1997). Thinking critically/intervening effectively about homophobia and heterosexism. In J. T. Sears, and W. L. Williams (Eds), Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia: Strategies that work (pp. 13-48). New York: Columbia University Press.
97. Sears, J. T., and Williams, W. L. (Eds) (1997). Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia: Strategies that work. New York: Columbia University Press.
98. Shallenberg, D. Professional and openly gay: A narrative study of the experience. Journal of Management Inquiry 3 (2) (1994). 119-42. doi:10.1177/105649269432002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105649269432002
99. Stewart, C. (1997). Sexual orientation training in law enforcement: A preliminary review of what works. In J. T. Sears, and W. L. Williams (Eds), Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia: Strategies that work (pp. 326-38). New York: Columbia University Press.
100. Supreme Court of the United States (2003). Lawrence et al. v. Texas, № 02-102. Dissent, June 26, pp. 20-1: http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/02pdf/02-102.pdf
101. Taylor, V., and Raeburn, N. Identity politics as high-risk activism: Career consequences for lesbian, gay, and bisexual sociologists. Social Problems 42 (2) (1995). 252-73. doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.2.03x0113i http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1995.42.2.03x0113i
102. Van Den Bergh, N. Workplace problems and needs for lesbian and gay male employees: Implications for EAPs. Employee Assistance Quarterly 15 (1999). 21-60. doi:10.1300/J022v15n01_02 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J022v15n01_02
103. Van Maanen, J. Style as theory. Organizational Science 6 (1) (1995). 133-43. doi:10.1287/orsc.6.1.133 http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.1.133
104. Weinberg, G. (1972). Society and the healthy homosexual. New York: St Martin’s Press.
105. Wickberg, D. Homophobia: On the cultural history of an idea. Critical Inquiry 27 (2000). 42-57. doi:10.1086/448997 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/448997
106. Woods, J. D. (1994). Corporate closets: The professional lives of gay men in America. New York: Free Press.
107. Young-Bruehl, E. (1996). The anatomy of prejudices. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
108. Young-Bruehl, E. Homophobias: A diagnostic and political manual. Constellations 9 (2) (2002). 263-73. doi:10.1111/1467-8675.00279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.00279