Key concepts in political communication

Key Concepts in Political Communication

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-209

  Lilleker, Darren G ^a  

^a BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949769160     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781446212943     Document Type: Book

References (236)

1. Ulrich Beck (1994) 'The debate on the 'individualization theory' in today's sociology in Germany', Sociologie, 3: 191-200.
2. Frank Ankersmit (1994) Aesthetic Politics: Political Philosophy Beyond Fact and Value. Stanford: Stanford University Press
3. Dick Pels (2003) 'Aesthetic representation and political style: Rebalancing identity and difference in media democracy', in J. Corner and D. Pels, Media and the Restyling of Politics. London: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781446216804 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216804
4. M.E. McCombs and D.L. Shaw (1972) 'The agenda-setting function of the press', Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-87
5. D.L. Shaw and M.E. McCombs (1977) The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. New York: St Paul Press.
6. J.W. Dearing and E.M. Rogers (1996) Agenda-Setting. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage)
7. T.A. Birkland (1998) After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy and Focusing Events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
8. H. Semetko, J.G. Blumler, M. Gurevitch and D. Weaver (1991) The Formation of Campaign Agendas: A Comparative Analysis of Party and Media Roles in Recent American and British Elections. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. doi:10.4135/9781452243283 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243283
9. Jay Blumler and Dennis Kavanagh (1999) 'The Third Age of political communication: Influences and Features', Political Communication, 16: 209-30
10. Pippa Norris (2000) 'The evolution of campaign communications', in A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 137-62.
11. D.L. Swanson and P. Mancini (1996) Politics, Media and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences. Westport, CT: Praeger.
12. R. Negrine and S. Papathanassopoulos (1996) 'The "Americanisation" of political communication', Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 1 (2): 45-62.
13. D.G. Lilleker and R. Negrine (2002) 'Professionalisation: Of what? Since when? By whom?', Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 7 (4): 98-103.
14. C. Holtz-Bacha, L.L. Kaid and A. Johnston (1994) Political television advertising in Western democracies: A comparison of campaign broadcasts in the United States, Germany and France, Political Communication, 11: 67-80
15. Christina Holtz-Bacha (2002) 'Professionalization of political communication: The case of the 1998 SPD campaign', Journal of Political Marketing, 1 (4): 23-37.
16. George Ritzer (1993) The McDonaldization of Society. London: Sage
17. George Ritzer (1998) The McDonaldization Thesis. London: Sage.
18. J. Hartley (1992) The Politics of Pictures: The Creation of the Public in the Age of Popular Media. London: Routledge.
19. Philip Schlesinger (1991) Media, State and Nation: Political Violence and Collective Identities. London: Sage.
20. B. Manin (1997) The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21. D. Graber (2001) Processing Politics: Learning from Television in the Internet Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
22. S. Lenart (1994) Shaping Political Attitudes: The Impact of Interpersonal Communication and Mass Media. London: Sage
23. S. Popkin (1991) The Reasoning Voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. A.F. Heath, R.M. Jowell and J.K. Curtice (2001) The Rise of New Labour: Party Policies and Voter Choices. Oxford: Oxford University Press
25. Anthony Downs (1957) An Economic Theory of Voting. New York: Harper & Row.
26. John Street (1997) Politics and Popular Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.
27. J. Corner and D. Pels (2003) Media and the Restyling of Politics. London: Sage deal with similar issues, particular those by Dick Pels, John Street, Lisbet Van Zoonen and W. Lance Bennet. doi:10.4135/9781446216804 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216804
28. J. Kapferer (1997) Strategic Brand Management, London: Kogan Page.
29. A. Lock and P. Harris (1996) 'Political marketing - vive la difference', European Journal of Marketing, 30 (10/11): 14-24.
30. D.G. Lilleker (2005) 'The impact of political marketing on internal party democracy', in D. McHugh and C. Needham, Parliamentary Affairs Special Edition: The Future of the Party System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. A.S. Gerber and D.P. Green (2000) 'The effects of canvassing, direct mail and telephone contact on voter turnout', American Political Science Review, 94 (3): 653-63.
32. B.J. Doherty and M.C. Anderson (2004) 'Message tailoring in Spanish: Courting Latino voters in the 2000 presidential advertising campaign', in D.A. Shultz (ed.), Lights, Camera, Campaign!: Media, Politics and Political Advertising. New York: Peter Lang.
33. David M. Farrell and Rudiger Schmitt-Beck (2002) Do Political Campaigns Matter? Campaign Effects in Elections and Referendum. London: Routledge.
34. D. Graber (2001) Processing Politics: Learning from Television in the Internet Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
35. S. Lenart (1994) Shaping Political Attitudes: The Impact of Interpersonal Communication and Mass Media. London: Sage
36. S. Popkin (1991) The Reasoning Voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
37. Adam F. Simon (2002) The Winning Message: Candidate Behaviour, Campaign Discourse and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.4324/9780203166956 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203166956
38. A. Etzioni (1995) The Spirit of Community. London: Fontana
39. D. Schecter (2000) Sovereign States or Political Communities?Manchester: Manchester University Press
40. A. Giddens (1998) The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
41. L. Hodgson (2004) 'Manufactured civil society: counting the cost', Critical Social Policy, 24 (2): 139-64
42. M. Keane (2001) 'Broadcasting policy, creative compliance and the myth of civil society in China', Media, Culture and Society, 23: 783-98.
43. W. Lance Bennett (2000) 'Introduction: Communication and civic engagement in comparative perspective', Political Communication, 17: 307-12.
44. Micheletti, Stolle and Follesdal (eds) (2003) Politics, Products and Markets: Exploring Political Consumerism Past and Present. New York: Transaction Books.
45. Gabriel and Lang (2000) The Unmanageable Consumer. London: Sage.
46. Jennifer Lees-Marshment (2004) The Political Marketing Revolution. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
47. Henri Marcuse (1964) The One Dimensional Man. London: Routledge.
48. J.N. Capella and K.H. Jamieson (1997) Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. C.H. De Vreese and H.A. Semetko (2004) 'Cynical and engaged: Strategic campaign coverage, public opinion and mobilization in a referendum', Communication Research, 29 (6): 615-41.
50. P. Norris (2000) A Virtuous Circle. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
51. P. Mair, W.G. Muller and F. Plasser (2004) Political Parties and Electoral Change. London, Sage.
52. D.G. Lilleker (2002) 'Whose Left? Working-class political allegiances in post-industrial Britain', International Review of Social History, Suppl. 10: 65-86
53. R. Dalton, S. Flanigan and P. A. Beck (1984) Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Societies: Realignment or Dealignment?Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
54. B.I. Newman and R.M. Perloff (2004) 'Political marketing: Theory, research, and applications', in L.L. Kaid (ed.), Handbook of Political Communication Research. London: Lawrence Erlbaum. doi:10.4135/9781446216224 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216224
55. S. Barnett (1998) 'Dumbing down or reaching out: Is it tabloidisation wot done it?', in J. Seaton (ed.), Politics and the Media: Harlots and Prerogatives at the Turn of the Millennium. London: Blackwell. pp. 75-90
56. B. Franklin (1997) Newszak and News Media. London: Arnold.
57. M. Scammell (1995) Designer Politics: How Elections Are Won. London: Macmillan.
58. P. Dahlgren (1995) Television and the Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and the Media. London: Sage.
59. P. Bordieu (1993) The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Cambridge: Polity.
60. N. Jackson and D.G. Lilleker (2004) 'Just public relations or an attempt at interaction? British MPs in the press, on the Web and "in your face"', European Journal of Communication, 19 (4): 507-33.
61. R. Gibson, P. Nixon and S. Ward (2003) Political Parties and the Internet: Net Gain?London: Routledge.
62. B. Axford (2001) 'The transformation of politics or anti-politics', in B. Axford and R. Huggins, New Media and Politics. London: Sage
63. J. Rodgers (2004) Spatializing International Politics: Analysing Activism on the Internet. London: Routledge.
64. O. Kircheimer (1956) 'The transformation of western European party systems', in M. Weiner and J. La Palombara (eds), Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press
65. A. Panebianco (1988) Political Parties: Organisation and Power. London: Cambridge University Press
66. R. Inglehart (1984) 'The changing structure of political cleavages in western society', in R. Dalton, Electoral Changes in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment, Princeton: Princeton University Press. 25-69
67. M. Harrop and W.L. Miller (1987) Elections and Voters: A Comparative Introduction. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
68. D.M. Farrell and R. Schmidt-Beck (2002) Do Campaigns Matter?London: Routledge
69. D. Wring (2004) The Politics of Marketing the Labour Party. Basingstoke: Palgrave for a case study of New Labour in the UK.
70. Mayhew L. (1997) The New Public: Professional Communication and the Means of Social Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71. B. Richards (1994) Disciplines of Delight: The Psychoanalysis of Popular Culture. London: Free Association Books.
72. E.P. Bucy (2000) 'Emotional and evaluative consequences of inappropriate leader displays', Communication Research, 27 (2): 194-226
73. B. Richards (2004) 'The emotional deficit in political communication', Political Communication, (21): 339-52.
74. A. King (2002) Leaders' Personalities and the Outcomes of Democratic Elections. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
75. R. Entman (1991) 'Framing US news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents', Journal of Communication, 41 (4): 6-27
76. R. Entman (1993) and 'Framing: Towards a clarification of a fractured paradigm', Journal of Communication, 43 (4): 51-5.
77. V. Price, D. Tewkesbury and E. Powers (1997) 'Switching trains of thought: The impact of news frames on reader's cognitive responses', Communication Research, 24: 481-506.
78. H.A. Semetko and P.M. Valkenburg (2000) 'Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news', Journal of Communication, Spring: 93-109
79. C.H. de Vrees, J. Peter and H.A. Semetko (2001) 'Framing politics at the launch of the euro: a cross-national comparative study of frames in the news', Political Communication, 18: 107-22
80. D.A. Scheufele (1999) 'Framing as a theory of media effects', Journal of Communication, 49: 103-22. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x
81. David Held and Anthony McGrew (2000) The Global Transformations Reader. Oxford: Polity. pp. 202-15.
82. Daya Kishab Thussu (2002) 'Managing the media in an era of round-the-clock news: Notes from India's first tele-war', Journalism Studies, 3 (2): 203-12
83. Sylvia Walby (2001) 'From community to coalition: The politics of recognition as the handmaiden of the politics of equality in an era of globalisation', Theory, Culture and Society, 18 (2-3): 113-35.
84. Lisbeth Clausen (2004) 'Localising the global: "Domestication" processes in international news production', Media, Culture and Society, 26 (1): 25-44
85. Carol Guensberg (1999) 'Online access to the war zone', American Journalism Review, May
86. Jim Hall (2000) 'The first Web war: "Bad things happen in unimportant places"', Journalism Studies, 1 (3): 387-404.
87. S. Lukes (2005) Power: A Radical View. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
88. J. Martin-Barbero (1993) Communication, Culture and Hegemony: From the Media to Mediation. London: Sage
89. L. Phillips (1998) 'Hegemony and Political Discourse: The lasting impact of Thatcherism', Sociology, 32 (4): 847-67.
90. Antonio Gramsci (1971) Extracts from Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
91. F. Fukuyama (1992) The End of History and the Last Man. Harmondsworth: Penguin
92. D. Weltman and M. Billig (2001) 'The political psychology of contemporary anti-politics: A discursive approach to the end-of-ideology era', Political Psychology, 22 (2): 367-82.
93. A. Callinocos (2002) The Third Way and its Dissenters. London: Sage
94. D.G. Lilleker (2002) 'Whose left? Working-class political allegiances in post-industrial Britain', International Review of Social History, 47: 65-85
95. D.G. Lilleker'Political marketing: The cause of a democratic deficit?', Journal of Non-profit and Public Sector Marketing, 14 (1): 1-23.
96. J. Street (2004) 'Celebrity politicians: Popular culture and political representation', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6 (4): 435-52.
97. James Stanyer and Dominic Wring (2004) 'Public images, private lives: The mediation of politicians around the globe', Parliamentary Affairs, 57 (1). doi:10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00149.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00149.x
98. Oscar H. Gandy (1982) Beyond Agenda Setting: Information Subsidies and Public Policy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
99. Jean Seaton (ed.) (1998) Politics and the Media. Oxford: Blackwell
100. Stuart Allen (1999) News Culture. Buckingham: Open University Press.
101. Murray Edelman (1995) From Art to Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
102. Delli Carpini and Williams (2001) 'Let us infotain you: Politics in the new media environment', in W. Lance Bennett and Robert M. Entman, Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 160-81.
103. Bob Franklin (2004) Packaging Politics. London: Arnold
104. M.A. Baum (2005) 'Talking the vote: Why presidential candidates hit the talk show circuit', American Journal of Political Science, 49 (2): 213-41.
105. M.S. Weatherford (1992) 'Measuring political legitimacy', American Political Science Review, 86: 187-205
106. R. Dahl (1961) Who Governs?New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
107. C. Meyer (1999) 'Political legitimacy and the invisibility of politics: Exploring the European Union's communication deficit', Journal of Common Market Studies, 37 (4): 617-39.
108. B. Szerszynski (2003) 'Marked bodies: Environmental activism and political semiotics', in J. Corner and D. Pels, Media and the Restyling of Politics. London: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781446216804 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216804
109. Herman and Chomsky (1988) Manufacturing Consent. London: Vintage
110. Walter Lippman (1997) Public Opinion. New York: Free Press
111. Michael Ignatieff (2004) Virtual War. New York: Picador.
112. N.O'Shaughnessy (2004) Politics and Propaganda: Weapons of Mass Seduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
113. J. Palmer (2002) 'Smoke and mirrors: is that the way it is? Themes in political marketing', Media, Culture and Society, 24: 345-63.
114. S. Hall, C. Critcher, T. Jefferson, J. Clarke and B. Roberts (1978) Policing the Crisis. London: Macmillan.
115. R. Negrine (1996) The Communication of Politics. London: Sage. pp. 146-66
116. D.C. Hallin and P. Mancini (2004) Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
117. S. Ratuva (2003) 'The politics of the media: a cynical synopsis', Pacific Journalism Review, 9: 177-81.
118. P. Norris (2000) A Virtuous Circle. London: Sage.
119. J. Bryant and D. Zillman (1994) Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
120. J. Bryant and D. Zillman (1991) Responding to the Screen. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
121. N. Signorielli and M. Morgan (1990) Cultivation Analysis: New Directions in Media Effects Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
122. D. Gauntlett (1998), 'Ten things wrong with the Effects Model', in R. Dickinson, R. Harindranath and O. Linne, Approaches to Audiences: A Reader. London: Edward Arnold.
123. E. Keller and J. Berry (2003) The Influentials. New York: Free Press
124. S. Lenart (1994) Shaping Political Attitudes. London: Sage.
125. B. Thompson (1990) Ideology and Modern Culture. Cambridge: Polity.
126. S. Kraus and D. Davis (1978) The Effects of Mass Communication on Political Behaviour. London, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press
127. A. Siegel (1983) Politics and the Media in Canada. Toronto, McGraw-Hill
128. D. Grondin and C. Grondin (1996) 'Information-seeking activities of party activists', in D.L. Paletz, Political Communication in Action. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. 259-76.
129. G. Mazzolini and W. Shulz'"Mediatization" of politics: A challenge for democracy?', Political Communication, 16: 247-61
130. H.M. Kepplinger (2002) 'Mediatization of politics: Theory and data', Journal of Communication, December: 972-86.
131. W. Shulz (2004) 'Reconstructing mediatization as an analytical concept', European Journal of Communication, 19 (1): 87-101
132. Manuel Castells (1996) The Rise of the Network Society. London: Blackwell.
133. D.O'Keefe (2002) Persuasion: Theory & Research, 2nd edn, Thousand Oaks: Sage, chapter 9
134. R.M. Perloff (2003) The Dynamics of Persuasion, 2nd edn, Manwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, chapter 7.
135. A. Lang (2002) 'The limited capacity model of mediated message processing', Journal of Communication, Winter 2000, pp. 46-70.
136. R.E. Petty, J.T. Capiocco and D. Schumann (1983) 'Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: the moderating role of involvement,' Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (2): 135-46.
137. S. Ansolabehere and S. Iyengar (1995) Going Negative. New York: Free Press
138. C.J. Dolan (2004) 'Two cheers for negative ads', in D. Shultz (ed.), Lights, Camera, Campaign: Media, Politics and Political Advertising. New York: Peter Lang.
139. J. Dermody and R. Scullion (2002) 'Perceptions of negative political advertising. Meaningful or menacing?', International Journal of Advertising, 19 (2): 201-23.
140. G. Mazzoleni (1987) 'Media logic and party logic in campaign coverage: The Italian general election of 1983', European Journal of Communication, 2 (1): 81-103.
141. D.L. Swanson and P. Mancini (1996) Politics, Media and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and their Consequences. London: Praeger.
142. N. Jones (1996) Soundbites and Spin Doctors. London: Cassell
143. A. Davis (2002) Public Relations Democracy: Public Relations, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
144. G. Mazzoleni and W. Schulz (1999) "Mediatization" of politics: A challenge for democracy', Political Communication, 16: 247-61
145. P. Mancini (1999) 'New frontiers in political professionalism', Political Communication, 16: 231-45
146. K. Sanders, T. Bale and M.J. Canel (1999) 'Managing sleaze: Prime ministers and news management in Conservative Britain and Socialist Spain', European Journal of Communication, 14 (4): 461-86.
147. S. Fuller (1997) News Values: Ideas for an Information Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
148. J. Blumler and M. Gurevitch (1995) The Crisis of Public Communication. London: Routledge
149. R. Negrine (1998) Parliament and the Media: A Study of Britain, Germany and France. London: Pinter.
150. W. Donsbach (1997) 'Media thrust in the German Bundestag election, 1994: News values and professional norms in political communication', Political Communication, 14: 149-70.
151. J.W. Dearing and M. Rogers (1996) Agenda-Setting. London: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452243283 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243283
152. N. Postman (1987) Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. London: Methuen.
153. B. Franklin (2004) Packaging Politics (2nd edn). London: Arnold.
154. S. Coleman (2003) A Tale of Two Houses: The House of Commons, the Big Brother House and the People at Home. London: Hansard Society.
155. M. Scammell (1995) Designer Politics. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
156. S. Blumenthal (1980) The Permanent Campaign: Inside the World of Elite Political Operatives. Boston, MA: Beacon.
157. N.J. Ormstein and T.E. Mann (2000) The Permanent Campaign and Its Future. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute and The Brookings Institute.
158. D. Nimmo (2000) 'The permanent campaign: Marketing as a governing tool', in B.I. Newman, Handbook of Political Marketing. London: Sage
159. N. Sparrow and J. Turner (2001) 'The permanent campaign - The integration of market research techniques in developing strategies in a more uncertain political climate', European Journal of Marketing, 35 (9-10): 984-1002.
160. J.S. Vaughan (2003) 'Presidents and the permanent campaign: towards a new theory of presidential elections', paper presented to the Annual National Conference of the Midwest Political Science Association, at http://mpsa.indiana.edu/conf2003papers/1032042496.pdf
161. A. Sanders (2004) 'Creating effective political ads', in David A. Shultz (ed.), Lights, Camera, Campaign: Media, Politics and Political Advertising. New York: Peter Lang. pp. 1-20.
162. Ansolabehere and Iyengar (1997) Going Negative. New York: Free Press
163. J. Dermody and R. Scullion (2002) 'Perceptions of negative political advertising. Meaningful or Menacing?', International Journal of Advertising, 19 (2): 201-23
164. Sally Young (2004) The Persuaders: Inside the Hidden Machine of Political Advertising. Melbourne: Pluto.
165. Shultz's (2004) collection Lights, Camera, Campaign: Media, Politics and Political Advertising, represents the most recent exploration of the role of political advertising and its relationship with media management and places it within the context of a campaign rather than being an abstract element. The report by Ipsos (2004) is part of a special edition of Ipsos Ideas, 2 (2), October on political advertising entitled The Faces of Political Seduction and is available from http://www.ipsos.com/ideas
166. P. Kotler and S. Levy (1969) 'Broadening the concept of marketing'. Journal of Marketing, 33 (1): 54-9
167. A. Shama (1976) 'The marketing of political candidates', Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 4 (4): 767-77.
168. D. Lilleker and J. Lees-Marshment (2005) Political Marketing: A Comparative Perspective. Manchester: Manchester University Press
169. A.O'Cass (2001) An investigation of the political marketing concept and political market orientation in Australian politics,' European Journal of Marketing, 35 (9/10): 1003-25
170. D. Wring (2004) The Politics of Marketing the Labour Party. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
171. D. Lilleker and R. Negrine (2005) 'Mapping a market-orientation: Can we only detect political marketing through the lens of hindsight?', in P.J. Davies and B. I. Newman, When Elections are on the Horizon: Marketing Politics to the Electorate in the USA and the UK. New York: Haworth.
172. D. Wring (1999) 'Marketing's colonization of politics', in B.I. Newman (ed.) Handbook of Political Marketing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
173. John Street (1995) Politics and Popular Culture. Oxford: Polity
174. P.D. Marshall (1997) Celebrity and Power: Fame in Contemporary Culture. London: University of Minnesota Press.
175. J. Street (2004) 'Celebrity politicians: Popular culture and political representation', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6 (4): 435-52.
176. A. Lederer, F. Plasser and C. Scheucher (2005) 'The rise and fall of populism in Austria: A political marketing perspective', in D.G. Lilleker and J. Lees-Marshment (2005) Political Marketing in Comparative Perspective. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 132-47.
177. C. Calhoun (1988) 'Populist politics, communications media and large scale societal integration', Sociology, 6: 219-41.
178. N.O'Shaughnessy (2004) Politics and Propaganda: Weapons of Mass Seduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
179. K. Moloney (2001) 'The rise and fall of spin: Changes of fashion in the presentation of UK politics', Journal of Public Affairs, 1 (2): 124-35
180. S. Rampton and J. Stauber (2003) Weapons of Mass Deception: The Uses of Propaganda in Bush's War on Iraq. New York: Tarcher.
181. Daniel Boorstin (1961) The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. New York: Vintage.
182. James Stanyer (2001) The Creation of Political News: Television and British Party Political Conferences. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
183. Judith Clarke (2003) 'How journalists judge the reality of an international pseudo-event', Journalism, 4 (1): 50-75
184. William Merrin (2002) 'Implosion, simulation and the pseudo-event: a critique of McLuhan', Economy and Society, 31 (3): 369-90.
185. J. Baudrillard (1993) Symbolic Exchange and Death. London: Sage.
186. A. Davis (2002) Public Relations Democracy: Public Relations, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press
187. B. Franklin (2004) Packaging Politics: Political Communications in Britain's Media Democracy. London: Arnold.
188. K. Moloney (2004) 'Democracy and public relations', Journal of Communication Management, 9 (1): 89-92.
189. J. Habermas (1992) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, trans. Cambridge: Polity.
190. C. Calhoun (ed.) (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)
191. J.M. Roberts and N. Crossley (eds) (2004) After Habermas: New Perspectives on the Public Sphere, Sociological Review Monographs. London: Blackwell.
192. P. Dahlgren (1995) Television and the Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and the Media. London: Sage
193. M. Price (1995) Television, the Public Sphere, and National Identity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
194. J. Rodgers (2003) Spatializing International Politics: Analysing Activism on the Internet. London: Routledge.
195. A. Arblaster (2002) Democracy, 2nd edn. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
196. M. Kaase and K. Newton (1995) Beliefs in Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press
197. R. Putnam (2001) Bowling Alone. New York: Simon & Schuster.
198. F. Ankersmit (2003) 'Democracy's inner voice: Political style as unintended consequence of political action', in J. Corner and D. Pels, Media and the Restyling of Politics. London: Sage.
199. C. Lumby (1999) Gotcha! Life in a Tabloid World. Sydney: Allen and Unwin
200. H. Havelkova (1999) 'The political representation of women in mass media discourse in the Czech Republic 1990-1998', Czech Sociological Review, 7 (2): 145-65. doi:10.4135/9781446216804 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216804
201. Craig A. Smith (1990) Political Communication. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ch. 4
202. B.E. Gronbeck (2004) 'Rhetoric and politics', in L. Lee Kaid, Handbook of Political Communication Research. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
203. N. Fairclough (2001) New Labour, New Language?London: Routledge
204. N.O'Shaughnessy (2004) Politics and Propaganda: Weapons of Mass Seduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
205. D. Bannon (2003) 'Voting, nonvoting and consumer buying behaviour: Non-voter segmentation (NVS) and the underlying causes of electoral inactivity', Journal of Public Affairs, 3 (2): 138-51.
206. D. Lilleker (2005) 'Political marketing: the cause of a democratic deficit?', Journal of Not-for-profit and Public Sector Marketing.
207. M. Baker (2000) Marketing Theory. London: Thomson. pp. 181-205.
208. B. Day (1982) 'The politics of communication, or the communication of politics', in R. Worcester and M. Harrop, Political Communications: The British General Election of 1979. London: Allen & Unwin.
209. M. Rosenbaum (1997) From Soapbox to Soundbite: Party Political Campaigning in Britain since 1945. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
210. D. Slayden, R.K. Whillock and R. Kirk (eds) (1999) Soundbite Culture: The Death of Discourse in a Wired World. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
211. P. Norris (2000) Virtuous Circle. London: Cambridge University Press
212. D. Lilleker, R. Negrine and J. Stanyer (2003) 'Vicious circle', Politics Review, 2 (3): 6-9.
213. A. Milton (2000) The Rational Politician: Exploiting the Media in New Democracies. London: Ashgate
214. L. Larsson (2002) 'Journalists and politicians: a relationship requiring manoeuvring space', Journalism Studies, 3 (1): 21-33.
215. S. Barnett (2002) 'Will a crisis in journalism provoke a crisis in democracy', The Political Quarterly, 73 (4): 400-8
216. L. Sabato (1991) Feeding Frenzy: How Attack Journalism has Transformed American Politics. New York: Free Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511609343 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609343
217. G. Pitcher (2002) The Death of Spin. London: John Wiley.
218. H. Kurtz (1998) Spin Cycle: Inside the Clinton Propaganda Machine. New York: Free Press
219. K. Moloney (2001) 'The rise and fall of spin: Changes of fashion in the presentation of UK politics' Journal of Public Affairs, 1 (2): 124-35
220. F. Esser, C. Reinemann and D. Fan (2001) 'Spin-doctors in the United States, Great Britain, and Germany: Metacommunication about media manipulation', Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 6 (1): 16-45.
221. M. R. Smith and L. Marx (1994) Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
222. D. MacKenzie (1999) 'Technological determinism', in W.H. Dutton (ed.), Society on the Line: Information Politics in the Digital Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 39-41.
223. Martin Rosenbaum (1996) From Soapbox to Soundbite. Basingstoke: Macmillan
224. L. Downes and C. Mui (2000) Unleashing the Killer App. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
225. N. Jackson (2003) 'MPs and web technologies - an untapped opportunity?', Journal of Public Affairs, 3 (2): 124-37.
226. A. Schmid and J.de Graaf (1982) Violence as Communication. London: Sage.
227. B. McNair (2003) An Introduction to Political Communication. London: Routledge. pp. 181-6.
228. P. Berger (2001) Holy War Inc. New York: Simon and Schuster.
229. J. Blumler and D. McQuail (1968) Television in Politics. London: Faber & Faber.
230. D. Ohr and P.R. Schott (2001) 'Campaigns and information seeking: Evidence from a German state election', European Journal of Communication, 16 (4): 419-49.
231. Lynda Lee Kaid (2004) Handbook of Political Communication Research. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.
232. A. Hemetsberger (2002) 'Fostering cooperation in the Internet: social exchange processes in innovative virtual consumer communities', in S.M. Broniarczyk and K. Nakamoto, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 29. pp. 354-6 (available at http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/acr/home.htm).
233. J. Corner (2003) 'Mediated persona and political culture', in J. Corner and D. Pels, Media and the Restyling of Politics. London: Sage
234. J. Rodgers (2003) Spatializing International Politics: Analysing Activism on the Internet. London: Routledge
235. S. Sassi (2001) 'The transformation of the public sphere', in B. Axford and R. Huggins, New Media and Politics. London: Sage.
236. D. Rushkoff (2003) Open Source Democracy: How Online Communication is Changing Offline Politics. London: Demos. For blogs search the web, there are thousands out there. doi:10.4135/9781446216804 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216804