Race, crime and resistance

Race, Crime and Resistance

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-199

  Patel, Tina G ^a   Tyrer, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949565183     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781446269435     Document Type: Book

References (546)

1. Bowling, Benjamin and Phillips, Coretta (2002) Racism, Crime and Justice. Harlow: Longman.
2. Gilroy, Paul (1982) 'The Myth of Black Criminality', in MartinEve and DavidMusson (eds), The Socialist Register. Monmouth, Merlin. pp. 47-56.
3. Sivanandan, Ambalavaner (2006) 'Race, Terror and Civil Society', Race and Class, 47(1): 1-8. doi:10.1177/0306396806061083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396806061083
4. Covington, Jeanette (1995) 'Racial Classification in Criminology: The Reproduction of Racialized Crime', Sociological Forum, 10(4): 547-568. doi:10.1007/BF02095768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095768
5. Fekete, Liz (2001) 'The Emergence of Xeno-racism', Race and Class, 43(2): 23-40. doi:10.1177/0306396801432003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432003
6. Garner, Steve (2010) Racisms: An Introduction. London: Sage.
7. Ahmed, Sara (2004) 'Affective Economies', Social Text, 22(2): 117-139. doi:10.1215/01642472-22-2_79-117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-22-2_79-117
8. Chakraborti, Neil and Garland, John (2009) Hate Crime: Impact, Causes and Responses. London: Sage.
9. Colic-Peisker, Val (2005) 'At Least You're the Right Colour': Identity and Social Inclusion of Bosnian Refugees in Australia', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(4): 615-638. doi:10.1080/13691830500109720 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830500109720
10. Hesse, Barnor (1997) 'White Governmentality: Urbanism, Nationalism, Racism', in S. Westwood and J.M. Williams (eds), Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory. London: Routledge, pp. 85-102.
11. Kundnani, Arun (2001) 'In a Foreign Land: the New Popular Racism', Race and Class, 43(2): 41-60. doi:10.1177/0306396801432004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432004
12. Bourne, Jenny (2001) 'The Life and Times of Institutional Racism', Race and Class, 43(2): 7-22. doi:10.1177/0306396801432002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432002
13. Kalra, Virinder (2003) 'Police Lore and Community Disorder: Diversity in the Criminal Justice System', in D. Mason (ed.), Explaining Ethnic Differences: Changing Patterns of Disadvantage in Britain. Bristol: Policy Press. pp. 139-152.
14. Rowe, Michael (2009) 'Policing and Race Equality: Thinking Outside the (Tick) Box', in H. Singh Bhui (ed.), Race and Criminal Justice. London: Sage. pp. 49-65. doi:10.4135/9781446215951 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446215951
15. Agozino, Biko (1997) Black Women and the Criminal Justice System. Aldershot: Ashgate.
16. Alexander, Claire (2005) 'Embodying Violence: 'Riots', Dis/order and the Private Lives of the Asian Gang', in ClaireAlexander and CarolineKnowles (eds), Making Race Matter: Bodies, Space and Identity. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 199-217.
17. Eberhardt, Jennifer L., Goff, Phillip A., Purdie, Valerie J., and, Davies, Paul G. (2004) 'Seeing Black: Race, Crime and Visual Processing', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87: 876-893. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876
18. Amin, Ash (2003) 'Unruly Strangers? The 2001 Urban Riots in Britain', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(2): 460-463. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00459 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00459
19. Athwal, Harmit and Bourne, Jenny (2007) 'Driven to Despair: Asylum Deaths in the UK', Race and Class, 48(4): 106-114. doi:10.1177/030639680704800405 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639680704800405
20. Gordon, Paul (1993) White Law: Racism in the Police, Courts and Prisons. London: Pluto Press.
21. Moeckli, Daniel (2007) 'Stop and Search Under the Terrorism Act 2000: A Comment on R (Gillan) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis', Modern Law Review, 70(4): 659-670. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00646_1.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00646_1.x
22. Tyler, Imogen (2006) 'Welcome to Britain: The Cultural Politics of Asylum', European Journal of Cultural Studies, 9(2): 185-202. doi:10.1177/1367549406063163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549406063163
23. Zembylas, Michalinos (2010) 'Agamben's Theory of Biopower and Immigrants/Asylum Seekers Discourses of Citizenship and the Implications For Curriculum Theorizing', Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 26(2): 31-45.
24. Brittain, Victoria (2007) 'Racism, Liberty and the War of Terror: Guantanamo', Race and Class, 48(4): 60-63.
25. Hesse, Barnor (1997) 'White Governmentality: Urbanism, Nationalism, Racism', in S. Westwood and J.M. Williams (eds), Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory. London: Routledge. pp. 85-102.
26. Yuval-Davis, Nira (2006) 'Intersectionality and Feminist Politics', European Journal of Women's Studies, 13: 193-209. doi:10.1177/1350506806065752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506806065752
27. Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean (2001) Critical Race Theory - An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
28. Kundnani, Arun (2008) 'Islamism and the Roots of Liberal Rage', Race and Class, 50: 40-68. doi:10.1177/0306396808096393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396808096393
29. Phillips, Coretta and Bowling, Benjamin (2003) 'Racism, Ethnicity and Criminology: Developing Minority Perspectives', British Journal of Criminology, 43: 269-290. doi:10.1093/bjc/43.2.269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.2.269
30. Sayyid, Salman and Vakil, AbdoolKarim (eds) (2011) Thinking Through Islamophobia: Global Perspectives. London: C. Hurst & Co.
31. Box, Steven (1983) Power, Crime and Mystification. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203407752 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203407752
32. Garland, Jon, Spalek, Basia and Chakraborti, Neil (2006) 'Hearing Lost Voices: Issues in Researching "Hidden" Minority Ethnic Communities', British Journal of Criminology, 46: 423-437. doi:10.1093/bjc/azi078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi078
33. Russell, Katheryn K. (1992) 'Development of a Black Criminology and the Role of the Black Criminologist', Justice Quarterly, 9(4): 667-683. doi:10.1080/07418829200091601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829200091601
34. Kundnani, Arun (2009) Spooked! How Not to Prevent Violent Extremism. London: Institute of Race Relations.
35. Lentin, Alana (2008) 'Europe and the Silence about Race', European Journal of Social Theory, 11: 487-503. doi:10.1177/1368431008097008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431008097008
36. O'Driscoll, Cian (2008) 'Fear and Trust: The Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes and the War on Terror', Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 36: 339-360. doi:10.1177/03058298080360020901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298080360020901
37. Abrams, David S., Bertrand, Marianne and Mullainathan, Sendhil (2008) 'Do Judges Vary in Their Treatment of Race?', American Law and Economics Association Annual Meetings, 93: 1-44.
38. Adkins, Lisa (2005) 'Social Capital: The Anatomy of a Troubled Concept', Feminist Theory, 6 (2): 195-211. doi:10.1177/1464700105053694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700105053694
39. Afshar, Haleh, Aitken, Rob and Franks, Myfanwy (2005) 'Feminisms, Islamophobia and Identities', Political Studies, 53: 262-283. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00528.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00528.x
40. Afshar, Haleh, Franks, Myfanwy, Maynard, Mary Ann and Wray, Sharon (2002). 'Issues of Ethnicity in Researching Older Women', ESRC Growing Older Programme Newsletter, 4: 8-9.
41. Agamben, Giorgio (1998) Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
42. Agamben, Giorgio (2000) Means Without End: Notes on Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
43. Agamben, Giorgio (2005) State of Exception. London: University of Chicago Press.
44. Agozino, Biko (1997) Black Women and the Criminal Justice System. Aldershot: Ashgate.
45. Agozino, Biko (2000) 'Theorizing Otherness: The War on Drugs and Incarceration', Theoretical Criminology, 4 (3): 359-376. doi:10.1177/1362480600004003006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480600004003006
46. Agozino, Biko (2008) 'Foreign Women in Prison', African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 3 (2): 1-33.
47. Ahmed, Sara (2004) 'Affective economies', Social Text, 22 (2): 117-139. doi:10.1215/01642472-22-2_79-117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-22-2_79-117
48. Alexander, Claire (2005) 'Embodying Violence: 'Riots', Dis/order and the Private Lives of the Asian Gang', in ClaireAlexander and CarolineKnowles (eds), Making Race Matter: Bodies, Space and Identity. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 199-217.
49. Alexander, Claire, Edwards, Rosalind and Temple, Bogusia (2007) 'Contesting Cultural Communities: Language, Ethnicity and Citizenship in Britain', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33 (5): 783-800. doi:10.1080/13691830701359223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830701359223
50. Allen, Chris (2003) Fair Justice: The Bradford Disturbances, the Sentencing and the Impact. Bradford: Forum Against Islamophobia and Racism.
51. Alleyne, W. Brian (2002) Radicals Against Race: Black Activism and Cultural Politics. Oxford: Berg.
52. Amin, Ash (2002) Ethnicity and the Multicultural City: Living with Diversity Draft Report for the ESRC CITIES Programme and the Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions. http://www.aulaintercultural.org/IMG/pdf/ash_amin.pdf.
53. Amin, Ash (2003) 'Unruly Strangers? The 2001 Urban Riots in Britain', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27 (2): 460-463. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00459 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00459
54. Amnesty International (2006) UK: Human Rights: A Broken Promise. http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR45/004/2006.
55. Amoore, Louise (2008) 'Consulting, Culture, the Camp: On the Economics of the Exception', in L. Amoore and M.de Goede (eds), Risk and the War on Terror. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 112-130.
56. Anthias, Floya (2001) 'The Concept of "Social Division" and Theorising Social Stratification: Looking at Ethnicity and Class', Sociology, 35 (4): 835-854.
57. Anzaldua, Gloria(ed.) (1998) Making Face, Making Soul. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Foundation.
58. Apena, Feyishola (2007) 'Being Black and in Trouble: The Role of Self-perception in the Offending Behaviour of Black Youth', The National Association for Youth Justice, 7 (3): 211-228. doi:10.1177/1473225407082511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225407082511
59. Appadurai, Arjun (1990) 'Disjunctive and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy', in M. Featherstone (ed.), Global Culture. London: Sage.
60. Arora, Ranjit K. (2005) Race, Ethnicity and Education. Aldershot: Ashgate.
61. Asad, Talal (1993) Genealogies of Religion. London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
62. Athwal, Harmit and Bourne, Jenny (2007) 'Driven to Despair: Asylum Deaths in the UK', Race and Class, 48 (4): 106-114. doi:10.1177/030639680704800405 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639680704800405
63. Austin, Roy L. and Allen, Mark D. (2000) 'Racial Disparities in Arrest Rates as an Explanation of Racial Disparity in Commitment to Pennsylvania's Prisons', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37: 200-220. doi:10.1177/0022427800037002003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427800037002003
64. Baldus, David C., Woodworth, George, Zuckerman, David, Weiner, Neil A. and Broffitt, Barbara (1998) 'Racial Discrimination and the Death Penalty in the Post-Furman Era: An Empirical and Legal Overview, with Recent Findings from Philadelphia', Cornell Law Review, 83: 1638-1770.
65. Bano, Samia (2011) 'Asking the Law Questions: Agency and Muslim women' in Sayyid, Salman and Vakil, Abdool Karim (eds), Thinking Through Islamophobia: Global Perspective. London: C. Hurst & Co., pp. 135-156.
66. Barker, Martin (1981) The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe. London: Junction Books.
67. Bartol, Curt R. and Bartol, Anne M. (2005) Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach. New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
68. Bates, Ed (2009) 'Anti-terrorism Control Orders: Liberty and Security Still in the Balance', Legal Studies, 29 (1): 99-126. doi:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2008.00118.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121X.2008.00118.x
69. Batty, David (2011) 'Lady Warsi Claims Islamophobia is Now Socially Acceptable in Britain', Guardian, 20 January, http://www.guardian.co.uk/2011/jan/20/lady-warsi-islamophobia-muslimsprejudice.
70. BBC News (2006) 'Three jailed for racist bombing', 26 October 2006. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/6089480.stm.
71. BBC News (2009) 'Murder Police Name Wanted Youth', 17 August 2009. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/8204657.stm.
72. BBC News (2009) 'Race Hate Murder Man Found guilty', 10 November 2009. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8352458.stm.
73. BBC News (2008) 'Entering the "baby father" debate', 16 July 2008. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7509142.stm.
74. BBC News (2010) 'Man Punched after Racial Abuse', 3 February 2010. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/8495157.stm.
75. BBC News (2010) 'Identity Cards Scheme will be Axed "within 100 days"', 27 May 2010. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8707355.stm.
76. BBC News (2010) 'Thousands of Anti-terror Searches Were Illegal', 10 June 2010. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/politics/10283701.stm.
77. Begg, Moazzam (2006) Enemy Combatant: The Terrifying True Story of a Briton in Guantanamo. London: Pocket Books.
78. Bell, Kathryn, Jarman, Neil and Lefebvre, Thomas (2004) Migrant Workers in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research.
79. Benyon, John and Solomos, John (eds) (1987) The Roots of Urban Unrest. New York: Pergamon.
80. Berger, Ronald J. (2008) Hoop Dreams on Wheels: Disability and the Competitive Wheelchair Athlete. Abingdon: Routledge.
81. Best, Steven and Kellner, Douglas (1997) The Postmodern Turn. New York: Guilford Press.
82. BethnalGreen and Stepney Trades Council (1978) Blood on the Streets: A Report on Racial Attacks in East London. London: Bethnal Green and Stepney Trades Council
83. Bhavnani, Reena, Mirza, Heidi Safia and Meetoo, Veena (2005) Tackling the Roots of Racism: Lessons for Success. Bristol: Policy Press.
84. BirnbergPeirce and Partners, Medical Justice and NCADC (2008) 'Outsourcing Abuse: The Use and Misuse of State-sanctioned Force during the Detention and Removal of Asylum Seekers', London: Medical Justice Network.
85. Birt, Jonathan (2005) 'Lobbying and Marching: British Muslims and the State', in T. Abbas (ed.), Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure. London: Zed Books. pp. 92-106.
86. Birt, Jonathan (2006) 'Good Imam, Bad Imam: Civic Religion and National Integration in Britain post-9/11', The Muslim World, 96: 687-705. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2006.00153.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2006.00153.x
87. Birt, Yahya (2009) 'Promoting Virulent Envy? Reconsidering the UK's Terrorist Prevention Strategy', The RUSI Journal, 154 (4): 52-58. doi:10.1080/03071840903216460 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840903216460
88. Bjorgo, Tore and Witte, Rob (1993). 'Introduction', in T. Bjorgo and R. Witte (eds), Racist Violence in Europe. London: St Martin's Press. pp. 1-16.
89. Black, Edwin (2003) War against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press.
90. Blair, Irene V., Judd, Charles M. and Chapleau, Kristine M. (2004) 'The Influence of Afrocentric Facial Features in Criminal Sentencing', Psychological Science, 15: 674-679.
91. Bolton, Kenneth Jr. (2003) 'Shared Perceptions: Black Officers Discuss Continuing Barriers in Policing', Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 26 (3): 386-399. doi:10.1108/13639510310489458 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510310489458
92. Bonger, William A. (1943) Race and Crime. New York: Columbia University Press.
93. Bonham, Vence L., Warshauer-Baker, Esther and Collins, Francis S. (2005) 'Race and Ethnicity in the Genome Era: The Complexity of the Constructs', American Psychologist, 60 (1): 9-15. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.1.9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.1.9
94. Bonilla-Silva, Eduarda and Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (2001) 'Anything but Racism: How Sociologists Limit the Significance of Racism', Race and Society, 4: 117-131. doi:10.1016/S1090-9524(03)00004-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9524%2803%2900004-4
95. Bonnett, Alistair (2000) Anti-racism. London: Routledge.
96. Booth, Robert, Taylor, Matthew and Lewis, Paul (2009). 'English Defence League: Chaotic Alliance Stirs Up Trouble on Streets', Guardian, 12 September 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/11/english-defence-league-chaotic-alliance.
97. Bourne, Jenny (2001) 'The Life and Times of Institutional Racism', Race and Class, 43 (2): 7-22. doi:10.1177/0306396801432002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432002
98. Bowling, Benjamin (1996) 'The Emergence of Violent Racism as a Public Issue in Britain, 1945-81', in P. Panayi (ed.), Racial Violence in Britain in the 19 and 20 Century. Leicester: Leicester University Press. pp. 185-220.
99. Bowling, Benjamin (1999) Violent Racism: Victimisation, Policing and Social Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
100. Bowling, Benjamin and Phillips, Coretta (2002) Racism, Crime and Justice. Harlow: Longman.
101. Bowling, Benjamin and Phillips, Coretta (2007) 'Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search', Modern Law Review, 70 (6): 936-961. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x
102. Box, Steven (1983) Power, Crime and Mystification. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203407752 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203407752
103. Brah, Avtar (1996) Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge.
104. Brah, Avtar (1999) 'The Scent of Memory: Strangers, Our Own, and Others', Feminist Review, 61: 4-26. doi:10.1080/014177899339261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177899339261
105. Brah, Avtar (2006) 'The 'Asian' in Britain', in K. Ali and A. Sayyid (eds), A Postcolonial People: Asians in Britain. London: Hurst. pp. 35-61.
106. Braithwaite, John (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511804618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804618
107. Brewer, D. John and Magee, Kathleen (1991) Inside the RUC: Routing Policing in a Divided Society. Gloucestershire: Clarendon Press.
108. Bright, M. (1995) 'Politics and Prejudice', Guardian Education, 7 November 1995.
109. Brittain, Victoria (2007) 'Racism, Liberty and the War of Terror: Guantanamo', Race and Class, 48 (4): 60-63.
110. Brook, Stephen (2007) 'Mail and Express Deny Asylum Bias', Guardian, 23 January 2007. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jan/23/pressandpublishing.immigrationasylumandrefugees.
111. Britton, Joanne Nadia (2000) 'Race and Policing: A Study of Police Custody', British Journal of Criminology, 40: 639-658. doi:10.1093/bjc/40.4.639 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639
112. Britton, Nadia Joanne (2002) Race, Ethnicity and Social Class in the Legal Profession: The Careers of Lawyers from Minority Ethnic Groups. Sociological Studies Seminar Series, University of Sheffield, 2 November (unpublished).
113. Bryan, Beverly, Dadzie, Stella and Scafe, Suzanne (1985) The Heart of the Race - Black Women's Lives in Britain. London: Virago.
114. Burlet, Stacey and Reid, Helen (1998) 'A Gendered Uprising: Political Representation and Minority Ethnic Communities', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21 (2): 270-287. doi:10.1080/014198798330016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014198798330016
115. Burnett, Jonathan (2004) 'Community, Cohesion and the State', Race and Class, 45 (3): 1-18. doi:10.1177/030639680404500301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639680404500301
116. Burnley Express (2007) '"Explosives Plot": Pair Face New Trial', 3 July 2007. http://www.burnleyexpress.net/burnleynews/39Explosives-plot39-pair-face-new.2998885.jp.
117. Burr, Vivien (1995) An Introduction to Social Constructionism. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203299968 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203299968
118. Butt, Jabeer and O'Neil, Alex (2004). 'Let's Move On', Black and Minority Ethnic Older People's Views on Research Findings. New York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
119. Byrne, David (2000) Social Exclusion. Buckingham: Open University Press.
120. Cain, Maureen (1973) Society and the Policeman's Role. London: Kegan Paul.
121. Calverly, Adam, Cole, Bankole, Kaur, Gurpreet, Lewis, Sam, Raynor, Peter, Sadeghi, Sohheila, Smith, David, Vanstone, Maurice and Wardak, Ali (2004). Black and Asian Offenders on Probation. Home Office Research Study277. London: Home Office.
122. Calvin, Allen D. (1981) 'Unemployment among Black Youths: Demographies and Crime', Crime and Delinquency, 27: 234-244. doi:10.1177/001112878102700206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001112878102700206
123. Cameron, Deborah (1993) '"What It Is We Could Call Equal": Cultural Politics, Language, and the Law', American Literary History, 5 (4): 735-749. doi:10.1093/alh/5.4.735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/5.4.735
124. Cantle, Ted (2001) Community Cohesion: A Report of the Independent Review Team. London: Home Office.
125. Carby, Hazel V. (1982) 'White Woman Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood', in CCCS, The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain. London, Hutchinson. pp. 211-234.
126. Carling, Alan, Davies, Darrell, Fernandes-Bakshi, Amritha, Jarman, Neil and Nias, Peter (2004) Fair Justice for All? The Response of the Criminal Justice System to the Bradford Disturbances of July 2001, Bradford: Programme for a Peaceful City/University of Bradford. http://betterbradford.org.uk/Documents/Fair%20Justice%20For%20All.pdf.
127. Cashmore, Ellis (2002) 'Behind the Window Dressing: Ethnic Minority Police Perspectives on Cultural Diversity', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28 (2): 327-341. doi:10.1080/13691830220124369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830220124369
128. Ceyhan, Ayse (2008) 'Technologization of Security: Management of Uncertainty and Risk in the Age of Biometrics', Surveillance and Society, 5 (2): 102-123.
129. Chadwick, Katherine and Scraton, Phil (2001). 'Criminalization' in EugeneMcLaughlin and JohnMuncie (eds), The Sage Dictionary of Criminology. London, Sage. pp. 68-69.
130. Chakraborti, Neil and Garland, John (2009) Hate Crime: Impact, Causes and Responses. London: Sage.
131. Cheong, H. Pauline, Edwards, Rosalind, Goulbourne, Harry and Solomos, John (2007) 'Immigration, Social Cohesion and Social Capital: A Critical Review', Critical Social Policy, 27 (1): 24-49. doi:10.1177/0261018307072206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018307072206
132. Clark, Tom (2008) '"We're Over-Researched Here!": Exploring Accounts of Research Fatigue within Qualitative Research Engagements', Sociology, 42: 953-970. doi:10.1177/0038038508094573 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038508094573
133. Clough, Patricia T. (2003) 'Affect and Control: Rethinking the Body "Beyond Sex and Gender"', Feminist Theory, 4 (3): 359-364. doi:10.1177/14647001030043010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14647001030043010
134. Clydebank Post (2009) 'Racists Attack Asian Shopkeeper Wearing Klan Hoods', 9 December 2009. http://www.clydebankpost.co.uk/news/thisweek/articles/2009/12/09/394876-racists-attacked-shopkeeper-wearing-klan-hoods/.
135. Cohen, Phil (1997) 'Labouring under Whiteness', in R. Frankenberg (ed.), Displacing Whiteness: Essays in Social and Cultural Criticism, Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 244-282
136. Cohen, Stanley (1973) Folk Devils and Moral Panics. St Albans: Paladin.
137. Cole, Bankole and Wardak, Ali (2006). 'Black and Asian Men on Probation: Social Exclusion, Discrimination and Experiences of Criminal Justice', in SamLewis, PeterRaynor, DavidSmith and AliWardak (eds), Race and Probation … Devon: Willan. pp. 81-99.
138. Coleraine Times (2009) 'Taxi Driver has Speeding Conviction Thrown Out of Court', 17 December 2009. http://www.colerainetimes.co.uk/news/Taxi-driver-has-speeding-conviction.5911585.jp.
139. Colic-Peisker, Val (2005) 'At Least You're the Right Colour': Identity and Social Inclusion of Bosnian Refugees in Australia', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31 (4): 615-638. doi:10.1080/13691830500109720 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830500109720
140. Collins, Patricia Hill (1990) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment … London: Routledge.
141. Collins, Patricia Hill (1998) Fighting Words: Black Women and the Search for Justice … Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis.
142. Comaz-Diaz, Lillian and Greene, Beverly (1994) 'Women of Color with Professional Status', in LillianComaz-Diaz and BeverlyGreene (eds), Women of Color: Integrating Ethnic and Gender Identities in Psychotherapy … New York: Guildford Press. pp. 347-388.
143. Comer, James (1985) 'Black Violence and Public Policy', in LynnCurtis (ed.), American Violence and Public Policy … Yale University Press: New Haven. pp. 63-86.
144. Commission for Racial Equality (2003) A Formal Investigation by the CRE into HM Prison Service, England and Wales, Part I, The Murder of Zahid Mubarek; Part II, Racial Equality in Prisons … London: Commission for Racial Equality.
145. Commission for Racial Equality (2005) The Police Service in England and Wales: Final Report of a Formal Investigation by the Commission for Racial Equality … London: Commission for Racial Equality.
146. Communities and Local Government (2009) 'Connecting Communities Programme Triples in Size - John Denham', 14 December 2009. http://www.communities.gov.uk/news/corporate/1412643.
147. Covington, Jeanette (1995) 'Racial Classification in Criminology: The Reproduction of Racialized Crime', Sociological Forum, 10 (4): 547-568. doi:10.1007/BF02095768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095768
148. Crown Prosecution Service (2001) Report of an Independent Inquiry into Race Discrimination in the Crown Court Prosecution Service [The 'Denman Report'] … London: CPS.
149. Crowther, Chris (2007) An Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice … Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
150. D'Alessio, Stewart and Stolzenberg, Lisa (2008) 'Race and the Probability of Arrest', in A. Walsh and C. Hemmens (eds), Introduction to Criminology. Sage: Los Angeles. pp. 59-68.
151. Daily Mail (2009) 'Nick Griffin Defends BNP Leaflet that Says Black and Asian Britons "Do Not Exist"', 23 April 2009. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1172801/Nick-Griffin-defends-BNP-leaflet-says-black-Asian-Britons-exist.html.
152. Daily Post (2005) 'Family Have Nothing but Praise for Merseyside Police', Daily Post, 1 December.
153. Daly, Mark (2003) The Secret Policeman. BBC Television, 21 October.
154. Darwin, Charles (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London: John Murray.
155. Daulatzi, Sohail (2007) 'Protect Ya Neck: Muslims and the Carceral Imagination in the Age of Guantanamo', Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society, 9 (2): 132-147. doi:10.1080/10999940701382599 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999940701382599
156. Davies, Malcolm, Croall, Hazel and Tyrer, Jane (2005) Criminal Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. Harlow, Longman Pearson.
157. Davis, Gwynn and Vennard, Julie (2006) 'Racism in Court: The Experience of Ethnic Minority Magistrates', The Howard Journal, 45 (5): 485-501. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.2006.00439.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2006.00439.x
158. De Schutter, Oliver and Ringelheim, Julie (2008) 'Ethnic Profiling: A Rising Challenge for European Human Rights Law', Modern Law Review, 78 (3): 358-384. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2008.00697.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2008.00697.x
159. Deleuze, Gilles (1992) 'Postscript on the Societies of Control' October, 59: 3-7.
160. Deleuze, Giles and Guattari, Felix (2004) A Thousand Plateaus and Schizophrenia. London: Continuum.
161. Delgado, Richard (1989) 'Storytelling for Oppositionists and Others: A Plea for Narrative', Michigan Law Review, 87: 2411-2441. doi:10.2307/1289308 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1289308
162. Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean (2001) Critical Race Theory - An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
163. Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean (eds) (1991) Critical White Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
164. DeLisi, Matt and Regoli, Robert (2005) 'Race, Conventional Crime, and Criminal justice', in Shaun L. Gabbidon and Helen T. Greene (eds), Race, Crime, and Justice: A Reader. New York: Routledge. pp. 87-96.
165. Denham, John (2002) Building Cohesive Communities: A Report of the Ministerial Group on Public Order and Community Cohesion. London: Home Office.
166. Diken, Bulent and Laustsen, Carsten B. (2005) The Culture of Exception: Sociology Facing the Camp. Abingdon: Routledge.
167. Dilulio, John J. Jr. (2005) 'My Black Crime Problem, and Ours', in S.L. Gabbidon and H.T. Greene (eds), Race, Crime, and Justice: A Reader. New York: Routledge. pp. 73-86.
168. DuBois, WilliamEdwardBurghardt (1899) The Philadelphia Negro. Atlanta: Atlanta University Press.
169. DuBois, WilliamEdwardBurghardt (1901) 'The Relations of Negroes to Whites in the South', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 18: 121-140. doi:10.1177/000271620101800107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000271620101800107
170. DuBois, WilliamEdwardBurghardt (1904) Notes on the Negro Crime, Particularly in Georgia. Atlanta: Atlanta University Press.
171. Duffield, Mark (2007) Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples. Cambridge: Polity Press.
172. Dugdale, Richard (1877) The Jukes in Crime, Pauperism and Heredity. New York: Putnam.
173. Dwyer, Claire, Shah, Bindi and Sanghera, Gurchathen (2008) 'From Cricket Lover to Terror Suspect - Challenging Representations of Young British Muslim Men', Gender, Place and Culture, 15 (2): 117-136. doi:10.1080/09663690701863208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09663690701863208
174. Dyer, Richard (1997) White. London: Routledge.
175. Eades, Chris, Grimshaw, Roger, Silvestri, Arianna and Solomon, Enver (2007) Knife Crime: A Review of Evidence and Policy. London: Centre for Crime and Justice Studies.
176. Eberhardt, Jennifer L., Davies, Paul G., Purdie-Vaughns, Valerie J. and Lynn Johnson, S. (2006) Looking Deathworthy: Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes, Research Report 06-012. New York: Cornell Law School.
177. Eberhardt, Jennifer L., Goff, Phillip A., Purdie, Valerie J. and Davies, Paul G. (2004) 'Seeing Black: Race, Crime and Visual Processing', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87: 876-893. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876
178. Economist, The (2008) 'Race and the Police: No Quick Fix', The Economist, 388 (8598): 72-73.
179. Edkins, Jenny (2003) Trauma and the Memory of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
180. Edkins, Jenny, Pin-Fat, Véronique and Shapiro, Michael J. (eds) (2004) Sovereign Lives: Power in Global Politics. New York: Routledge.
181. Ely, Peter and Denney, David (1987) Social Work in a Multi Racial Society. Aldershot: Gower Publishing.
182. EssedPhilomena and Goldberg, David T. (eds) (2002) Race: Critical Theories. Oxford: Blackwell.
183. Evening Standard (2009) 'Wedding Emails Sparked Terror Swoop', 14 August 2009.
184. Fanon, Franz (1952) Black Skins, White Masks. New York: Grove.
185. Faulks, Keith (2006) 'Education for Citizenship in England's Secondary Schools: A Critique of Current Principle and Practice', Journal of Education Policy, 21 (1): 59-74. doi:10.1080/02680930500391546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680930500391546
186. Fawcett, Liz (1998) 'Fitting In: Ethnic Minorities and the News Media', in P. Hainsworth (ed.), Divided Society: Ethnic Minorities and Racism in Northern Ireland. London: Pluto Press. pp. 104-126.
187. Feagin, Joe R. (2006) Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression. New York: Routledge.
188. Fekete, Liz (2001) 'The Emergence of Xeno-racism', Race and Class, 43 (2): 23-40. doi:10.1177/0306396801432003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432003
189. Fekete, Liz (2003) 'Racism and the Courts', Institute of Race Relations, 29 July 2003. http://www.irr.org.uk/cgi-bin/news/open.pl?id=5553.
190. Fekete, Liz (2004) 'Anti-Muslim Racism and the European Security state', Race and Class, 46 (1): 3-29. doi:10.1177/0306396804045512 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396804045512
191. Fekete, Liz (2005) 'The Deportation Machine: Europe, Asylum and Human Rights', Race and Class', 47 (1): 64-91. doi:10.1177/0306396805055083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396805055083
192. Fitzgerald, Marian (1998) '"Race" and the criminal justice system', in T. Blackstone, B. Parekh and P. Sanders (eds), Race Relations in Britain: A Developing Agenda. London: Routledge. pp. 159-179.
193. ForsterLee, Robert, ForsterLee, Lynne, Horowitz, Irwin A. and King, Ellen (2006) 'The Effects of Defendant Race, Victim Race, and Juror Gender on Evidence Processing in a Murder Trial', Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 24 (2): 179-198. doi:10.1002/bsl.675 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.675
194. French, Martin (2007) 'In the Shadow of Canada's Camps', Social and Legal Studies, 16 (1): 49-69. doi:10.1177/0964663907073446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663907073446
195. Frost, Diane (2008) 'Islamophobia: Examining Causal Links between the Media and "race hate" from "below"', International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 28 (11/12): 564-578. doi:10.1108/01443330810915251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330810915251
196. Gabbidon, Shaun L., Penn, Everett B., Jordan, KareemL, and Higgins, George E. (2009) 'The Influence of Race/Ethnicity on the Perceived Prevalence and Support for Racial Profiling at Airports', Criminal Justice Policy Review, 20(3): 344-358. doi:10.1177/0887403408327384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403408327384
197. Gardham, Duncan (2010) 'Control Orders Were Unlawful Says Judge', Daily Telegraph, 18 January 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/7018629/Control-orders-were-unlawful-says-judge.html.
198. Garland, Jon, Spalek, Basia and Chakraborti, Neil (2006) 'Hearing Lost Voices: Issues in Researching "Hidden" Minority Ethnic Communities', British Journal of Criminology, 46: 423-437. doi:10.1093/bjc/azi078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi078
199. Garner, Steve (2006) 'The Uses of Whiteness: What Sociologists Working on Europe Can Draw from US Research on Whiteness', Sociology, 40 (2): 257-275. doi:10.1177/0038038506062032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038506062032
200. Garner, Steve (2007) Whiteness: An Introduction. Abingdon: Oxford.
201. Garner, Steve (2010) Racisms: An Introduction. London: Sage.
202. Gaskell, George and Smith, Patten (1985). 'Young Blacks' Hostility to the Police: An Investigation into Its Causes', New Community, (9)2: 182-193.
203. Gates, Henry Louis and Jarrett, Gene Andrew (eds) (2007) The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representation, and African American Culture, 1892-1938. Woodstock: Princeton University Press.
204. Gifford, [Lord] Anthony, Brown, Wally and Bundey, Ruth (1989) Loosen the Shackles: First Report of the Liverpool 8 Inquiry into Race Relations in Liverpool. London: Karia.
205. Gill, Aisha and Rehman, Gulshan (2004) 'Empowerment through Activism: Responding to Domestic Violence in the South Asian Community in London', Gender and Development, 12 (1): 75-82. doi:10.1080/13552070410001726546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552070410001726546
206. Gilroy, Paul (1982) 'The Myth of Black Criminality', in MartinEve and DavidMusson (eds), The Socialist Register. Monmouth: Merlin. pp. 47-56.
207. Gilroy, Paul (1987) There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack. First Edition. London: Hutchinson.
208. Gilroy, Paul (2002) There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack. Introduction to the Routledge Classics Reprint. London: Routledge.
209. Gilroy, Paul (2004) After Empire. Melancholia or Convivial Culture?London: Routledge.
210. Githens-Mazer, Jonathan and Lambert, Robert (2010) Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Hate Crime: A London Case Study. Exeter: European Muslim Research Centre.
211. Goffman, Erving (1963) Stigma: Notes on the Management of a Spoilt Identity. London: Penguin.
212. Goldberg, David T. (1993) Racist Culture. Oxford: Blackwell.
213. Goodey, Jo (2001) 'The Criminalization of British Asian Youth: Research from Bradford and Sheffield', Journal of Youth Studies, 4 (4): 429-450. doi:10.1080/13676260120101897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676260120101897
214. Gordon, Neve (2004) 'Introduction: Human Rights as Being-Marginal-in-the-World', in N. Gordon (ed.), From the Margins of Globalization: Critical Perspectives on Human Rights. Oxford: Lexington Books. pp. 1-24.
215. Gordon, Paul (1990) Racial Violence and Harassment. London: Runnymede Trust.
216. Gordon, Paul (1993) White Law: Racism in the Police, Courts and Prisons. London, Pluto Press.
217. Gordon, Robert (1976) 'Prevalence: The Rare Datum in Delinquency Measurement and its Implications for the Theory of Delinquency', in MalcolmKlein (ed.), The Juvenile Justice System. Beverly Hills, Sage. pp. 201-284.
218. Gordon, Thomas (1973) 'Notes on White and Black Psychology', Journal of Social Issues, 29 (1): 87-95. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00063.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00063.x
219. Gorz, Andre (1982) Farewell to the Working Class. London: Pluto.
220. Goulbourne, Harry and Solomos, John (2003) 'Families, Ethnicities and Social Capital', Social Policy and Society, 2 (4): 329-338. doi:10.1017/S1474746403001362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1474746403001362
221. Graef, Roger (1989) Talking Blues. London: Collins.
222. Greenhill, Norman (1981) 'The Value of Sociology in Policing', in D. Pope and N. Weiner (eds), Modern Policing. London: Croom Held Ltd. pp. 91-109.
223. Gregory, Derek and Pred, Allan R. (2007) Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror, and Political Violence. Abingdon: Routledge.
224. Grillo, Ralph (2007) 'An Excess of Alterity? Debating Difference in a Multicultural Society', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30 (6): 979-998. doi:10.1080/01419870701599424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870701599424
225. Guardian (2002) 'Asian who Killed Man in Race Row Freed after 15 Years', reported by Vikram Dodd, 15 June 2002. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,737722,00.html.
226. Guardian (2004) 'Afghan Detainees Routinely Tortured and Humiliated by US Troops', reported by Duncan Campbell and Suzanne Goldenberg, 23 June 2004. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/jun/23/usa.afghanistan3.
227. Guardian (2005) 'Fear and Loathing', reported by Mary O'Hara, 29 June 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2005/jun/29/socialexclusion.guardiansocietysupplement.
228. Guardian (2005) Britain 'Sleepwalking to Segregation', 19 September 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/sep/19/race.socialexclusion.
229. Guardian (2009) 'Police Launch Appeal to Find Gangland Murder Suspect', reported by Helen Carter, 17 August 2009.
230. Guardian (2010) 'Anti-terror Stop and Search Powers to be Scrapped', reported by Alan Travis, 8 July 2010.
231. Guild, Elspeth (2005) 'Cultural and Identity Security', in E. Guild and J.van Selm (eds), International Migration and Security: Opportunities and Challenges. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 101-112.
232. Gulli, Bruno (2007) 'The Ontology and Politics of Exception: Reflections on the Work of Giorgio Agamben', in M. Calarco and S. DeCaroli (eds), Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 219-242.
233. Halifax Courier (2010) 'Man Jailed for Repeated Racist Attacks', 27 May 2010. http://www.halifax-courier.co.uk/news/Man-jailed-for-racist-attack.6323683.jp.
234. Hall, Stuart, Critcher, Chas, Jefferson, Tony, Clarke, John and Roberts, Brian (1978) Policing the Crisis. London: Macmillan.
235. Hall, Stuart (1995) 'The Whites in their Eyes', in G. Dines and J. Humez (eds), Gender, Race and Class in Media. London: Sage. pp. 89-93.
236. Hall, Stuart (2000) 'Conclusion: the Multi-cultural Question', in B. Hesse (ed.), Un/settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, 'Transruptions'. London: Zed Books. pp. 209-241.
237. Hall, Stuart (2002) 'Reflections on Race, Articulation, and Societies Structured in Dominance', in P. Essed and D.T. Goldberg (eds), Race: Critical Theories. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 449-454.
238. Halliday, Fred (1999) 'Islamophobia' reconsidered', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22 (5): 892-902. doi:10.1080/014198799329305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014198799329305
239. Harding, Luke and Wilsher, Kim (2006). 'Anger as Papers Reprint Cartoons of Muhammad', Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/feb/02/raceandreligion.pressandpublishing.
240. Hari, John (2008) 'Ken Livingstone: The Interview', 13 April 2008. http://www.johannhari.com/archive/article.php?id=1285.
241. Harriss, John (2002) Depoliticizing Development: The World Bank and Social Capital. London: Anthem Press.
242. HarryGoulbourne and John Solomos (2003) 'Families, Ethnicity and Social Capital', Social Policy and Society, 2: 329-338. doi:10.1017/S1474746403001362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1474746403001362
243. Hartigan, John Jr. (1997) 'Name Calling: Objectifying "Poor Whites" and "White Trash" in Detroit', in M. Wray and A. Newitz (eds), White Trash: Race and Class in America. New York: Routledge. pp. 41-56.
244. Haskins, Ron (2009) 'Moynihan Was Right: Now What?', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621 (6): 281-314. doi:10.1177/0002716208324793 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716208324793
245. Hazelton, Liz (2009) 'BNP Leader Nick Griffin in Fresh Storm after Claiming London has been "Ethnically Cleansed" as he Defends Question Time Debut', Daily Mail, 23 October 2009. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1222521/BNP-leader-Nick-Griffin-claims-London-ethnically-cleansed-defends-shambolic-Question-Time-debut.html.
246. Heldman, Caroline (2007) '"Burnin" and "Lootin": Race and Media Coverage of Hurricane Katrina', paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Nevada.
247. Her Majesty's Courts Service (2009) Standards for Equality and Diversity. Birmingham: HMCS. http://www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk/cms/files/HMCSStandardForEqualityAndDiversity.pdf.
248. Herrnstein, Richard and Murray, Charles (1994) The Bell Curve. New York: Basic Books.
249. Hesse, Barnor (1997) 'White Governmentality: Urbanism, Nationalism, Racism', in S. Westwood and J.M. Williams (eds), Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory. London: Routledge. pp. 85-102.
250. Hesse, Barnor (2004) 'Discourse on Institutional Racism, the Genealogy of a Concept', in I. Law, D. Phillips and L. Turney (eds), Institutional Racism in Higher Education. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham. pp. 131-148.
251. Hillier, Jean (2007) Stretching Beyond the Horizon: A Multiplanar Theory of Spatial Planning and Governance. Aldershot: Ashgate.
252. Hillyard, Paddy (2009) 'The 'Exceptional' State', in D. Whyte, R. Coleman, S. Tombs and J. Sim (eds), State, Power, Crime. London: Sage. pp. 129-144.
253. Hines, Nico and Pitas, Costas (2009). 'Far-Right Group, the English Defence League, indisarray after Birmingham fracas', The Sunday Times, August 10, Times Online, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6790067.ece.
254. HM Inspectorate of Prisons (2005) Parallel Worlds: A Thematic Review of Race Relations in Prisons. London: HMIP.
255. HM Inspectorate of Prisons (2007) Report on an Unannounced Short Follow-up Inspection of: Lindholme Immigration Removal Centre 16-18 July 2007. London: HMIP.
256. Holdaway, Simon and O'Neill, Megan (2006) 'Institutional Racism after Macpherson: An Analysis of Police Views', Policing and Society, 16 (4): 349-369. doi:10.1080/10439460600967885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460600967885
257. Holdaway, Simon and O'Neill, Megan (2007) 'Where Has All the racism Gone? Views of Racism within Constabularies after Macpherson', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30 (3): 397-415. doi:10.1080/01419870701217480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870701217480
258. Holdaway, Simon (1983) Inside the British Police Force: A Force at Work. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
259. Holdaway, Simon (1996) The Racialisation of British Policing. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
260. Holdaway, Simon (1997) 'Some Recent Approaches to the Study of Race in Criminological Research: Race as Social Process', British Journal of Criminology, 37 (5): 383-400. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a014176 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a014176
261. Home Office (2004) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System. London: Home Office.
262. Home Office (2005) Hate Crime: Delivering a Quality Service - Good Practice and TacticalGuidance. London: ACPO and Home Office.
263. Home Office (2009) Statistics on Terrorism Arrests and Outcomes - Great Britain: 11 September 2001 to 31 March 2008. London: Home Office. http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0409.pdf.
264. Home Office (1998) Fairer, Faster, Firmer, A Modern Approach to Immigration and Asylum. Cm. 4018. London: Home Office. http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm40/4018/4018.htm.
265. Hood, Roger (1992) Race and Sentencing: A Study in the Crown Court. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
266. hooks, bell (2008) Belonging: A Culture of Place. Abingdon: Routledge.
267. hooks, bell (1992) 'Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination', in L. Grossberg, C. Nelson and P. Treichler (eds), Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge. pp. 338-346.
268. hooks, bell (2003) Rock My Soul: Black People and Self-esteem. New York: Washington Square Press.
269. Hooper, John (2009) 'Italian Court Finds CIA Agents Guilty of Kidnapping Terrorism Suspect', Guardian, 4 November 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/04/cia-guilty-rendition-abu-omar.
270. Howarth, David and Stavrakakis, Yannis (2000). 'Introducing Discourse Theory and Political Analysis', in D.R. Howarth, A.J. Norval and Y. Stavrakakis (eds), Discourse Theory and Political Analysis: Identities, Hegemonies, and Social Change. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 1-24.
271. Howarth, D.R., Norval, A.J. and Stavrakakis, Y. (eds), Discourse Theory and Political Analysis: Identities, Hegemonies, and Social Change. Manchester: Manchester University Press. doi:10.1093/0198292376.003.0012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198292376.003.0012
272. Howarth, David R. (2000) Discourse. Buckingham: Open University Press.
273. Howe, Darcus (2000) 'Where the Asians and Caribbeans Now Wage Bloody War', New Statesman, 4 September 2000. http://www.newstatesman.com/200009040016.
274. Hudson, Barbara (1987) Justice through Punishment: A Critique of the 'Justice' Model of Corrections. London: Macmillan Education.
275. Hudson, Barbara (2001) 'Social Justice', in EugenieMcClaughlin and JohnMuncie (eds), The Sage Dictionary of Criminology. London: Sage. pp. 278-279.
276. Hudson, Barbara (2007) 'Diversity, Crime and Criminal Justice', in MikeMaguire, RodMorgan and RobertReiner (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 158-175.
277. Huey, Jacklyn and Lynch, J. Michael (2005). 'The Image of Black Women in Criminology: Historical Stereotypes as Theoretical Foundation', in Shaun L. Gabbidon and Helen T. Greene (eds), Race, Crime, and Justice: A Reader. New York: Routledge. pp. 127-140.
278. Hunt, Alan (1990) 'Rights and Social Movements: Counter-Hegemonic Strategies', Journal of Law and Society, 17 (3): 309-328. doi:10.2307/1410156 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1410156
279. Iganski, Paul (2008) Hate Crime and the City. Bristol: Policy Press. doi:10.1332/policypress/9781861349408.001.0001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781861349408.001.0001
280. Independent Police Complaints Commission (2007a) Stockwell One: Investigation into the Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes at Stockwell Underground Station on 22 July 2005. London: IPCC.
281. Independent Police Complaints Commission (2007b) Stockwell Two: An Investigation into Complaints about the Metropolitan Police Service's Handling of Public Statements Following the Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes on 22 July 2005. London: IPCC.
282. Institute of Race Relations (2002) 'IRR Expresses Concern Over Excessive Sentencing of Bradford Rioters'. Institute of Race Relations, 5 July 2002. http://www.irr.org.uk/2002/july/ak000003.html.
283. Jäger, Siegfried and Maier, Florentine (2009) 'Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Foucauldian Critical Discourse Analysis and Dispositive Analysis', in RuthWodak and MichaelMeyer (eds), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage. pp. 34-61. doi:10.4135/9780857028020 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9780857028020
284. Jarman, Neil and Monaghan, Rachel (2003) Analysis of Incidents of Racist incident Recorded by the Police in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research.
285. Jensen, Tina Gudrun (2009) 'The Cartoon Affair and the Question of Cultural Diversity in Denmark', e-cadernos CES, no. 3 The European Imaginary in the Cartoons Controversy: Drawing Civilisations? pp. 64-73. http://www.ces.uc.pt/e-cadernos/media/e-cadernos%203.pdf.
286. Jenson, Arthur (1969) 'How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?', Harvard Educational Review, 39: 1-123.
287. Jones, Stephen (2001) Criminology. Third edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
288. Joyce, Peter (2006) Criminal Justice: An Introduction to Crime and the Criminal Justice System. Devon: Willan.
289. Judicial Studies Board (1999) Race and the Courts. London: JSB.
290. Judicial Studies Board (2001) Equality Before the Courts. London: JSB.
291. Jupp, Victor (1989) Methods of Criminological Research. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203423981 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203423981
292. Kalra, Virinder (2003) 'Police Lore and Community Disorder: Diversity in the Criminal Justice System', in D. Mason (ed.), Explaining Ethnic Differences: Changing Patterns of Disadvantage in Britain. Bristol: Policy Press. pp. 139-152.
293. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (1977) 'Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women', American Journal of Sociology, 82 (5): 965-990. doi:10.1086/226425 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/226425
294. Keith, Michael (1993) Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a Multiracist Society. London: UCL Press.
295. Kelley, Robin D. G. (1998) 'House Negroes on the Loose: Malcolm X and the Black Bourgeoisie, Callaloo, 21 (2): 419-435. doi:10.1353/cal.1998.0111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.1998.0111
296. Kelso, Paul (2000) 'Sick Institution in Urgent Need of Cure', Guardian, 3 November 2000. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2000/nov/03/race.prisonsandprobation1.
297. Kemp, Charles, Norris, Clive and Fielding, Nigel (1992) Negotiating Nothing: Police Decision-Making in Disputes. Aldershot: Avebury.
298. Kennedy, Maeve (2010) 'Lord Carlile Finds 'No Alternative' to Control Orders for Terrorism Suspects', Guardian, 1 February 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/feb/01/carlile-control-orders-terrorism-suspects.
299. Khan, Shehla (2006) 'Muslims!', in N. Ali, V.S. Kalra and S. Sayyid (2006) A Postcolonial People: South Asians in Britain. London: Hurst.
300. Khiabany, Gohlam and Williamson, Milly (2008) 'Veiled Bodies, Naked Racism: Culture, Politics and Race in the Sun', Race and Class, 50 (2): 69-88. doi:10.1177/0306396808096394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396808096394
301. Khoury, Laura J. (2009) 'Racial Profiling as Dressage: A Social Control Regime!', African Identities, 7 (1): 55-70. doi:10.1080/14725840802583314 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725840802583314
302. Knowles, Caroline and Mercer, Sharmilla (1992). 'Feminism and Antiracism: An Exploration of the Political Possibilities', in J. Donald and A. Rattansi (eds), 'Race', Culture, and Difference. London: Sage, pp. 104-125.
303. Kramer, John and Steffensmeier, Darrell (1993) 'Race and Imprisonment Decisions', The Sociological Quarterly, 34 (2): 357-376. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00395.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00395.x
304. Kundnani, Arun (2007) The End of Tolerance. London: Pluto Press.
305. Kundnani, Arun (2006) Racial Profiling and Anti-terror Stop and Search. London: Institute of Race Relations. http://www.irr.org.uk/2006/january/ha000025.html.
306. Kundnani, Arun (2001) 'In a Foreign Land: The New Popular Racism', Race and Class, 43 (2): 41-60. doi:10.1177/0306396801432004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432004
307. Kundnani, Arun (2001) From Oldham to Bradford: The Violence of the Violated', Institute of Race Relations, 1 October 2001. http://www.irr.org.uk/2001/october/ak000003.html.
308. Kundnani, Arun (2009) Spooked! How Not to Prevent Violent Extremism. London: Institute of Race Relations.
309. Laclau, Ernesto and Mouffe, Chantal (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. London: Verso.
310. Lambert, John (1970) Crime, Police and Race Relations. London: Oxford University Press.
311. Lawrence, Errol (1982a) 'In the Abundance of Water the Fool is Thirsty: Sociology and Black "Pathology"', The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain. London: Hutchinson. pp. 95-142.
312. Lawrence, Errol (1982b) 'Just Plain Common Sense: The 'Roots' of Racism', The Empire Strikes Back. London: Hutchinson. pp. 47-94.
313. Lawrence, Doreen (2006) And Still I Rise: Seeking Justice for Stephen. London: Faber and Faber.
314. Lea, John and Young, Jock (1984) What is to be Done about Law and Order? Harmondsworth: Penguin.
315. Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper (2007) 'Nothing Personal: On Statistical Discrimination', Journal of Political Philosophy, 15 (4): 385-403. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2007.00285.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2007.00285.x
316. Liverpool Daily Post (2010) 'Liverpool Judge Reprimanded by Lord Chief Justice for "Immigration Tirade"'. 10 May 2010. http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/05/19/liverpool-judge-reprimanded-by-lord-chief-justice-for-immigration-tirade-92534-26474435/.
317. Local Government Association (2009) Prevent All Extremism. London: LGA. http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/core/page.do?pageId=6461823.
318. Loftus, Bethan (2008) 'Dominant Culture Interrupted: Recognition, Resentment and the Politics of Change in an English Police Force', British Journal of Criminology, 48: 756-777. doi:10.1093/bjc/azn065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azn065
319. Lombroso, Cesare (1876) The Criminal Man. Translated with a New Introduction by M. Gibson and N.H. Rafter. North Carolina: Duke University Press.
320. Lynn, Nick and Lea, Susan (2003) '"A Phantom Menace and the New Apartheid": The Social Construction of Asylum-Seekers in the United Kingdom', Discourse and Society, 14 (4): 425-452. doi:10.1177/0957926503014004002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926503014004002
321. Macpherson of Cluny, Sir William. (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Cm. 4262-1. London: Home Office. http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm42/4262/4262.htm.
322. MacPherson Watt, Steven (2005) 'Torture, "Stress and Duress," and Rendition as Counterterrorism Tools', in R. Meeropol, with R. Brody (eds), America's Disappeared: Detainees, Secret Imprisonment, and the 'War on Terror'. NY: Seven Stories Press. pp. 72-112.
323. Maira, Sunaina (2009) 'Deporting Radicals, Deporting La Migra: The Hayat Case in Lodi', Cultural Dynamis, 19 (1): 39-66. doi:10.1177/0921374007077268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374007077268
324. Malik, Sirita (2002) Representing Black Britain: Black and Asian Images on Television. London: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781446220603 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446220603
325. Mama, Amina (1989) The Hidden Struggle: Statutory and Voluntary Sector Responses to Violence Against Black Women in the Home. London: Runnymede.
326. Marks, Monique (2004) 'Researching Police Transformation: The Ethnographic Imperative', British Journal of Criminology, 44: 866-888. doi:10.1093/bjc/azh049 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh049
327. Mason, David (2000) Race and Ethnicity in Modern Britain. Oxford: Open University Press.
328. Mathur, Shubh (2006) 'Surviving the Dragnet: 'Special Interest' Detainees in the US after 9/11', Race and Class, 47 (3): 31-46. doi:10.1177/0306396806061085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396806061085
329. Mauer, Marc and King, Ryan S. (2007) Uneven Justice: State Rates of Incarceration by Race and Ethnicity. Washington: The Sentencing Project.
330. Mawby, Richard (1979) Policing the City. Farnborough: Gower.
331. Maynard, Warwick and Read, Tim (1997) Policing Racially Motivated Incidents. Crime Detection and Prevention Series - Paper 84. London, Home Office/Police Research Group.
332. Mccann-Mortimer, Patricia, Augoustinos, Martha and Leocouteur, Amanda (2004) '"Race" and the Human Genome Project: Constructions of Scientific Legitimacy', Discourse and Society, 409-432.
333. McGhee, Derek (2005) Intolerant Britain? Hate, Citizenship and Difference. Berkshire: Open University Press.
334. McGhee, Derek (2007) 'The Paths to Citizenship: A Critical Examination of Immigration Policy in Britain Since 2001', Patterns of Prejudice, 43 (1): 41-64. doi:10.1080/00313220802636064 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313220802636064
335. McGhee, Derek (2009) 'The Paths to Citizenship: A Critical Examination of Immigration Policy in Britain Since 2001', Patterns of Prejudice, 43 (1): 41-64. doi:10.1080/00313220802636064 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313220802636064
336. McNamee, Eegene (2007) 'In the Midst of Death We Are in Life • Biopolitics and Beginning Again in Rwanda', Social and Legal Studies, 16 (4): 483-508. doi:10.1177/0964663907082732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663907082732
337. McSmith, Andy (2010) 'Tory MP Proposes Law to Ban Wearing Burkas', Independent, 18 May 2010. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mp-proposes-law-to-ban-wearing-burkas-2015267.html.
338. Meer, Nasar (2007) 'Less Equal than Others', Index on Censorship, 36 (2): 114-118. doi:10.1080/03064220701336001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220701336001
339. Meer, Nasar (2008) 'The Politics of Voluntary and Involuntary Identities: Are Muslims in Britain an Ethnic, Racial or Religious Minority?', Patterns of Prejudice, 42 (1): 61-81. doi:10.1080/00313220701805901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313220701805901
340. Meeropol, Rachel(ed.) (2005) America's Disappeared: Detainees, Secret Imprisonment, and the 'War on Terror'. New York: Seven Stories Press.
341. Mercer, Jane (1972) 'IQ: The Lethal Label', Psychology Today, September. pp. 44-47.
342. Metropolitan Police Force (1999) Protect and Respect: The Met's Diversity Strategy. London: Metropolitan Police.
343. Metropolitan Police Force (2010) Stephen Lawrence Inquiry Report - Ten Years On. http://www.met.police.uk/stephenlawrence/representative_workforce.htm.
344. Metro (2010) Handyman? Pest Controller? Bomb Maker? 17 March 2010.
345. Miles, Robert (1989) Racism. London: Routledge.
346. Ministry of Justice (2008) Race and the Criminal Justice System 2006-07. London: Ministry of Justice.
347. Ministry of Justice (2010) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2008/09. London: Ministry of Justice.
348. Mitchell, Tara, Haw, Ryann, M., Pfeifer, Jeffrey, E. and, Meissner, Christian A. (2005) 'Racial Bias in Mock Juror Decision-making: A Meta-analytic Review of Defendant Treatment', Law and Human Behaviour, 29 (6): 621-637. doi:10.1007/s10979-005-8122-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-005-8122-9
349. Modood, Tariq (1992) 'British Asian Muslims and the Rushdie Affair', in J. Donald and A. Rattansi (eds), Race, Culture, and Difference. London: Sage. pp. 260-277.
350. Modood, Tariq (2006) 'The Liberal Dilemma: Integration or Vilification?', International Migration, 44 (5): 4-7. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00386.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00386.x
351. Moeckli, Daniel (2007) 'Stop and Search Under the Terrorism Act 2000: A Comment on R (Gillan) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis', Modern Law Review, 70 (4): 659-670. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00646_1.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00646_1.x
352. Morris, Sir William (2004) The Case for Change: People in the Metropolitan Police Service, The Report of the Morris Inquiry. London, Metropolitan Police Authority.
353. Mouffe, Chantal (2005) On the Political. Abingdon: Routledge.
354. Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (1965) The Negro Family: The Case for National Action. United States Department of Labor.
355. Muir, William Ker Jr., (1977) Police: Street Corner Politicians. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
356. Müller, Marion G, Özcana, Esra and Seizova, Ognyan (2009) 'Dangerous Depictions: A Visual Case Study of Contemporary Cartoon Controversies', Popular Communication, 7 (1): 28-39.
357. Murji, Karim (2007) 'Sociological Engagements: Institutional Racism and Beyond', Sociology, 41 (5): 843-855. doi:10.1177/0038038507080440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038507080440
358. Murray, Nancy (2004) 'Profiled: Arabs, Muslims, and the Post-9/11 Hunt for the "Enemy Within"', in E.C. Hagopian (ed.), Civil Rights in Peril: The Targeting of Arabs and Muslims. London: Pluto. pp. 27-68.
359. Nabi, Shaida (2009) Racialised Governmentality: Institutionalised Islamophobia and Muslim Students in British Higher Education, Unpublished draft working paper, University of Manchester.
360. NACRO (1991) Black People's Experience of Criminal Justice. London: NACRO.
361. Nadesan, Majia Holmer (2008) Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life. Abingdon: Routledge.
362. National Offender Management Service (2008) Race Review 2008 Implementing Race Equality in Prisons - Five Years On. London: Ministry of Justice.
363. National Statistics (2005) Prison Population: Record Number of Prisoners in 2003. Newport: Office for National Statistics.
364. Nayak, Anoop (2007) 'Critical Whiteness Studies', Sociology Compass, 1 (2): 737-755. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00045.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00045.x
365. Nelson Leader/Pendle Today (2006) 'Chemicals Find: Two in Court', 6 October 2006. http://www.pendletoday.co.uk/nelsonnews/Chemicals-Find-Two-In-Court.1806619.jp.
366. New York Times (2005) 'Who's a Looter? In Storm's Aftermath, Pictures Kick Up a Different Kind of Tempest', 5 September 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/05/business/05caption.html.
367. Nottinghamshire Police (2010) Positive Action. http://www.nottinghamshire.police.uk/jobs/police_staff/positive_action/.
368. O'Neil, Megan (2005) Policing Football: Social Interaction and Negotiated Order. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230512405 http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512405
369. Omi, Michael and Winant, Howard (1994) Racial Formation in the United States: from the 1960s to the 1990s. London: Routledge.
370. Ong, Aihwa (2006) Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press.
371. O'Neill, Megan and Holdaway, Simon (2007) 'Examining "Window Dressing": The Views of Black Police Associations on Recruitment and Training', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33 (3): 483-500. doi:10.1080/13691830701234780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830701234780
372. O'Nions, Helen (1995) 'The Marginalisation of Gypsies', Web Journal of Current Legal Issues. http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/articles3/onions3.html.
373. Ouseley, Herman (2008) Independent Review into Disproportionate Regulatory Outcomes for Black and Minority Ethnic Solicitors. London: The Solicitor's Regulatory Authority.
374. Owusu-Bempah, Kwame and Howitt, Dennis (2000) Psychology Beyond Western Perspectives. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
375. Pantazis, Christina and Pemberton, Simon (2009) 'From the 'Old' to the 'New' Suspect Community: Examining the Impacts of Recent UK Counter-Terrorist Legislation', British Journal of Criminology, 49: 646-666. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azp031
376. Park, Shelley M. and Green, Cheryl E. (2000) 'Is Transracial Adoption in the Best Interests of Ethnic Minority Children? Questions Concerning Legal and Scientific Interpretations of a Child's Best Interests', Adoption Quarterly, 3 (4): 5-34. doi:10.1300/J145v03n04_02 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J145v03n04_02
377. Parrott, Roxanne, Silk, Karri, Dollow, Megan, Krieger, Janice L., Harris, Tina M. and Condit, Celeste (2005). 'Development and Validation of Tools to Assess Genetic Discrimination and Genetically Based Racism', Journal of the National Medical Association, 97 (7): 1-11.
378. Patel, Tina (2005) 'The Usefulness of Oral Life (Hi)story to Understand and Empower: The Case of Trans-racial Adoption', Qualitative Social Work, 4 (3): 327-345. doi:10.1177/1473325005055601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325005055601
379. Patel, Tina G. (2011) 'Policing Racist Incidents: Views and Experiences of Officers within the Police Service of Northern Ireland', Journal of Criminal Justice Research, 1 (2): 1-16.
380. Patten, Christopher (1999) A New Beginning: Policing in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland.
381. Perry, Barbara (2001) In the Name of Hate: Understanding Hate Crimes. New York: Routledge.
382. Phillips, Coretta and Bowling, Benjamin (2003) Racism, Ethnicity and Criminology. Developing Minority Perspectives, British Journal of Criminology, 43: 269-290. doi:10.1093/bjc/43.2.269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.2.269
383. Phillips, Coretta (2005) 'Facing Inwards and Outwards? Institutional Racism, Race Equality and the Role of Black and Asian Professional Associations', Criminal Justice. 5(4): 357-377.
384. Phillips, Coretta and Bowling, Benjamin (2003) 'Racism, Ethnicity and Criminology: Developing Minority Perspectives', British Journal of Criminology, 43: 269-290. doi:10.1093/bjc/43.2.269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.2.269
385. Phizacklea, Annie and Miles, Robert (1980) Labour and Racism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
386. Pilkington, Andrew (2003) Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in Britain. Hampshire, Palgrave.
387. Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland (2009) Annual Reports and Accounts for the Year Ended 31 March 2009. London: The Stationery Office.
388. Power, Colm (2003) '"Telling It Like It Is"? Power, Prejudice and People in the Qualitative Process', in SteveTombs and DavidWhyte (eds), Unmasking Crimes of the Powerful: Scrutinising States and Corporations. London: Peter Lang. pp. 189-215.
389. Poynting, Scot and Mason, Victoria (2006) '"Tolerance, Freedom, Justice and Peace": Britain, Australia and Anti-Muslim Racism Since 11 September 2001', Journal of Intercultural Studies, 27: 4, 369-391. doi:10.1080/07256860600934973 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256860600934973
390. Prisons and Probation Ombudsman for England and Wales (2004) Report of the Inquiry into the Disturbance and Fire at Yarl's Wood Removal Centre. London: Prisons and Probation Ombudsman.
391. Prisons and Probation Ombudsman for England and Wales (2005) Inquiry into Allegations of Racism and Mistreatment of Detainees at Oakington Immigration Reception Centre and while Under Escort. London: Prisons and Probation Ombudsman.
392. PSNI (2007a) Chief Constable's Annual Report, 20 April 2008. http://www.psni.police.uk/psni_cc_report_06-07.pdf.
393. PSNI (2007b) District Command Unit Initiatives. Belfast: PSNI.
394. Puar, Jasbir K. and Rai, Amit S. (2002) 'Monster, Terrorist, Fag: The War on Terrorism and the Production of Docile Patriots', Social Text, 20 (3): 117-148. doi:10.1215/01642472-20-3_72-117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-20-3_72-117
395. Puar, Jasbir K. (2005) 'Queer Times, Queer Assemblages', Social Text, 23 (3-4): 121-140. doi:10.1215/01642472-23-3-4_84-85-121 http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-23-3-4_84-85-121
396. Puar, Jasbir K. (2007) Terrorist Assemblages Homonationalism in Queer Times. Durham: Duke University Press.
397. Pugliese, Joseph (2006) 'Asymmetries of Terror: Visual Regimes of Racial Profiling', Borderlands, 5 (1). http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol5no1_2006/pugliese.htm.
398. Punch, Maurice (1979) Policing the Inner City. London: Macmillan.
399. Punch, Maurice (1989) 'Researching Police Deviance: A Personal Encounter with the Limitations and Liabilities of Field-work', British Journal of Sociology, 40 (2): 177-204. doi:10.2307/590268 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/590268
400. Punch, Maurice (1993) 'Observation and the Police: The Research Experience', in MartynHammersley (ed.), Social Research: Philosophy, Politics and Practice. London: Sage. pp. 181-199.
401. Purdham, Kingsley (2001) 'Democracy in Practice: Muslims and the Labour Party at the Local Level', Politics, 21 (3): 147-157. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.00146 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00146
402. Putnam, Robert D. (2000) Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
403. Quraishi, Muzammil (2005) Muslims and Crime: A Comparative Study. Aldershot: Ashgate.
404. Ramamurthy, Anandi (2006) 'The Politics of Britain's Asian Youth Movements', Race and Class, 48 (2): 38-60. doi:10.1177/0306396806069522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396806069522
405. Ramsay, Donald (2006) Lothian and Borders Police: Black and Minority Ethnic Study, February 2006. Edinburgh: Lothian and Borders Police. http://www.lbp.police.uk/freedom-of-information/publications/TLReport/Final_Report.pdf.
406. Ray, Larry and Smith, David (2004) 'Racist Offending, Policing and Community Conflict', Sociology, 38 (4): 681-699. doi:10.1177/0038038504045859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038504045859
407. Reid, Julian (2006) The Biopolitics of the War on Terror: Life Struggles, Liberal Modernity, and the Defence of Logistical Societies. Manchester: Manchester University Press. doi:10.7228/manchester/9780719074059.001.0001 http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719074059.001.0001
408. Reiner, Robert (1978) The Blue Coated Worker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
409. Reiner, Robert (2000) The Politics of the Police. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
410. Reiner, Robert and Newburn, Tim (2000). 'Police Research', in RoyKing and EmmaWincup (eds), Doing Research on Crime and Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 343-374.
411. Renton, David (2003) 'Examining the Success of the British National Party 1999-2003', Race and Class, 45 (2): 75-85. doi:10.1177/03063968030452006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968030452006
412. Renton, David (2005) '"A day to make history"? The 2004 elections and the British National Party', Patterns of Prejudice, 39 (1): 25-45. doi:10.1080/00313220500045170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313220500045170
413. Rex, John and Tomlinson, Sally (1979) Colonial Immigrants in a British City: A Class Analysis. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
414. Rhodes, James (2009) 'Revisiting the 2001 Riots: New Labour and the Rise of "Colour Blind Racism"', Sociological Research Online, November 2009. http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/5/3.html.
415. Ridanpää, Juha (2009) 'Geopolitics of Humour: The Muhammad Cartoon Crisis and the ITKaltioIT Comic Strip Episode in Finland, Geopolitics, 14 (4): 729-749.
416. Riley, James, Cassidy, Davnet and, Becker, Jane (2009) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2007/8. London: Home Office. http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/stats-race-criminal-justice-system-07-08-revised.pdf.
417. Roach, Kent and Trotter, Gary (2004). 'Miscarriages of Justice in the War against Terror', Penn State Law Review, 109 (4): 967-1040.
418. Rodriguez, Dalia (2006) 'Un/masking Identity: Healing our Wounded Souls', Qualitative Enquiry, 12: 1067-1090. doi:10.1177/1077800406293238 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800406293238
419. Roediger, David R. (2008) How Race Survived US History: From Settlement and Slavery to the Obama Phenomenon. New York: Verso.
420. Rojek, Chris (2003) Stuart Hall. Cambridge: Polity Press.
421. Romero, Mary (2008) 'Crossing the Immigration and Race Border: A Critical Race Theory Approach to Immigration Studies', Contemporary Justice Review, 11 (1): 23-37. doi:10.1080/10282580701850371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580701850371
422. Root, Marcia P. P. (2001) 'On the Development of the Bill of Rights for Racially Mixed people', in D. Goldberg and P. Essed (eds), Race Critical Theories. New York: Blackwell. pp. 355-368.
423. Rowe, Michael (2004) Policing Race and Racism. London: Willan.
424. Rowe, Michael (2007) 'Tripping Over Molehills: Ethics and the Ethnography of Police Work', International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10 (1): 37-48. doi:10.1080/13645570600652792 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645570600652792
425. Rowe, Michael (2009) 'Policing and Race Equality: Thinking Outside the (Tick) Box', in H. Singh Bhui (ed.), Race and Criminal Justice. London: Sage. pp. 49-65. doi:10.4135/9781446215951 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446215951
426. Runneymede Trust, 1995'Echoes over the Years', The Runnymede Bulletin, July/August: 1.
427. Runneymede Trust (1997) Report on British Muslims and Islamophobia. London: Runnymede Trust Commission.
428. Russell, Katheryn K. (1992) 'Development of a Black Criminology and the Role of the Black Criminologist', Justice Quarterly, 9 (4): 667-683. doi:10.1080/07418829200091601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829200091601
429. Ryder, Matthew (2011) 'Control Orders Have Been Rebranded. Big Problems Remain', Guardian, 28 January, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2011/jan/28/control-orders-protection-of-freedoms-bill.
430. Said, Edward (1978) Orientalism. London: Penguin.
431. Sapsford, Roger (1996) 'The Politics of Criminological Research', in RogerSapsford (ed.), Researching Crime and Criminal Justice. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. pp. 57-106.
432. Savage, Stephen P., Grieve, John and Poyser, Sam (2007) 'Putting Wrongs to Right: Campaigns against Miscarriages of Justice', Criminology and Criminal Justice, 7 (83): 83-105. doi:10.1177/1748895807072477 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895807072477
433. Sayyid, Bobby and Zac, Lillian (1998) 'Political Analysis in a World Without Foundations', in E. Scarbrough and E. Tanenbaum (eds), Research Strategies in the Social Sciences: A Guide to New Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 249-268. doi:10.1093/0198292376.003.0011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198292376.003.0011
434. Sayyid, Salman (2004) 'Slippery People: The Immigrant Imaginary and the Grammar of Colours', in I. Law, D. Phillips and L. Turney (eds), Institutional Racism in Higher Education. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books. pp. 149-160.
435. Sayyid, Salman and Vakil, AbdoolKarim (eds) (2011 forthcoming) Thinking Through Islamophobia: Global Perspectives. London: C. Hurst and Co.
436. Scraton, Phil (2007) Power, Conflict and Criminalisation. London: Routledge.
437. Scraton, Phil and Chadwick, Katherine (2001). 'Critical Research' in EugeneMcLaughlin and JohnMuncie (eds), The Sage Dictionary of Criminology. London: Sage. pp. 72-73.
438. Scraton, Phil and Moore, Linda (2004) The Hurt Inside: The Imprisonment of Women and Girls in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission.
439. Scraton, Sheila, Caudwell, Jayne and Holland, Samantha (2005) ''Bend it like Patel' Centring "Race" Ethnicity and Gender in Feminist Analyses of Women's Football in England', International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 40 (1): 71-88. doi:10.1177/1012690205052169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690205052169
440. Selmeczi, Anna (2009) '"• we are being left to burn because we do not count": Biopolitics, Abandonment, and Resistance', Global Society, 23 (4): 519-538. doi:10.1080/13600820903198933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600820903198933
441. Sen, Puma (1999) 'Domestic Violence, Deportation, and Women's Resistance: Notes on Managing Inter-Sectionality', Development in Practice, 9(1/2): 178-183. doi:10.1080/09614529953340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529953340
442. Sharp, Douglas (2002) 'Policing after Macpherson: Some Experiences of Muslim Police Officers', in BasiaSpalek (ed.), Islam, Crime and Criminal Justice. Devon: Willan. pp. 76-95.
443. Sharp, Douglas and Atherton, Susie (2007). 'To Serve and Protect: The Experiences of Policing in the Community of Young People from Black and Other Ethnic Minority Groups', British Journal of Criminology, 7 June.
444. Sheffield Star (2010) 'Policeman Found Guilty of Racial Abuse', 28 May 2010. http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Policeman-guilty-of-racial-abuse.6327198.jp.
445. Siddiqui, Hannana (2000) 'Black Women's Activism: Coming of Age?', Feminist Review, 64: 83-96. doi:10.1080/014177800338981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177800338981
446. Silberman, Charles E. (1980) Criminal Violence, Criminal Justice. New York: Vintage.
447. Sinha, Shamser (2008) 'Seeking Sanctuary: Exploring the Changing Postcolonial and Racialised Politics of Belonging in East London', Sociological Research Online, 13 (5). http://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/5/6.html. doi:10.5153/sro.1799 http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1799
448. Sivanandan, Ambalavaner (1982) A Different Hunger: Writings on Black Resistance. London: Pluto.
449. Sivanandan, Ambalavaner (1991) Institute of Race Relations Comment - Deadly Silence: Black Deaths in Custody. http://www.irr.org.uk/1991/january/ak000003.html.
450. Sivanandan, Ambalavaner (2006) 'Race, Terror and Civil Society', Race and Class, 47 (1): 1-8. doi:10.1177/0306396806061083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396806061083
451. Skellington, Richard (1996) Race in Britain Today. London: Sage.
452. Skogan, Wesley G. (1994) Contacts Between Police and Public: Findings from the 1992 British Crime Survey. Home Office Research Study 132. London: Home Office.
453. Sloterdijk, Peter (1987) Critique of Cynical Reason. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
454. Smiljanic, Natassja (2002) 'Human Rights and Muslims in Britain', in BasiaSpalek (ed.), Islam, Crime and Criminal Justice. Devon: Willan. pp. 118-132.
455. Smith, David (2009) 'Criminology, Contemporary Society, and Race Issues', in HindpalSingh Bhui (ed.), Race and Criminal Justice. London: Sage. pp. 30-48. doi:10.4135/9781446215951 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446215951
456. Smith, David J. (1983) A Survey of Police Officers. London: Policy Studies Institute.
457. Smith, David J. and Gray, Jeremy (1985) Police and People in London IV: The Police in Action. London: Policy Studies Institute.
458. Socialist Worker (2002) 'Satpal Ram - 16 Years in Jail: I Kept Fighting to Win Freedom". Socialist Worker, 1807, 6 July 2002. http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/print_art.php?id=5297.
459. Soguk, Nevzat (2007) 'Border's Capture: Insurrectional Politics, Border-Crossing Humans, and the New Political', in P.K. Rajaram and C. Grundy-Warr (eds), Borderscapes: Hidden Geographies and Politics at Territory's Edge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 284-308.
460. Sollund, Ragnhild (2007) 'Canteen Banter or Racism: Is There a Relationship Between Oslo Police's Use of Derogatory Terms and Their Attitudes Towards Ethnic Minorities?', Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8: 77-96. doi:10.1080/14043850601030057 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14043850601030057
461. Solomos, John and Back, Les (1995) Race, Politics, and Social Change. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203221785 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203221785
462. Solomos, John and Back, Les (1996) Racism and Society. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
463. Sommers, Samuel R., Apfelbaum, Evan P., Dukes, Kristin N., Toosi, Negin and Wang, Elsie J. (2006) 'Race and Media Coverage of Hurricane Katrina: Analysis, Implications, and Future Research Questions', Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6 (1): 1-17. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2006.00103.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2006.00103.x
464. Spencer, Stephen (2006) Race and Ethnicity: Culture, Identity and Representation. London: Routledge.
465. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Britt, Chester L. (2001) 'Judges' Race and Judicial Decision Making: Do Black Judges Sentence Differently?', Social Science Quarterly, 82 (4): 749-764. doi:10.1111/0038-4941.00057 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0038-4941.00057
466. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Demuth, Stephen (2000) 'Ethnicity and sentencing outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who is punished more harshly?, American Sociological Review, 65: 705-729. doi:10.2307/2657543 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657543
467. Steffensmeier, Darrell, Ulmer, Jeffrey, and Kramer, John (1998) 'The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male', Criminology, 36 (4): 763-798. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x
468. Stockwell Inquest (2008a) Hearing Transcript - 4/11/2008. http://www.stockwellinquest.org.uk/hearing_transcripts/nov_04.pdf.
469. Stockwell Inquest (2008b) Hearing Transcript - 29/10/2008. http://www.stockwellinquest.org.uk/hearing_transcripts/oct_29.pdf.
470. Stone, Alison (2004) 'Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism in Feminist Philosophy', Journal of Moral Philosophy, 1 (2): 135-153. doi:10.1177/174046810400100202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174046810400100202
471. Street Weapons Commission (2009) The Street Weapons Commission Report. London: Channel Four.
472. Sunday Times (2006) 'The Enemy Within', 13 August 2006. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/article607432.ece.
473. Sunday Times (2006) 'BNP Chief Told Pub Rally of "Muslim rape gangs"', 18 January 2006. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article789545.ece.
474. Taylor, Matthew (2009) 'Archbishop Condemns BNP Leader's 'Bloodless Genocide' Claim', Guardian, 23 April 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/apr/23/bnp-nick-griffin-john-sentamu.
475. Taylor, Matthew (2010) 'English Defence League: Inside the Violent World of Britain's New Far Right', Guardian, 28 May 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/may/28/english-defence-league-guardian-investigation.
476. Terranova, Tiziana (2007) 'Futurepublic on Information Warfare, Bio-racism and Hegemony as Nonpolitics', Theory, Culture and Society, 24 (3): 125-145. doi:10.1177/0263276407075960 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276407075960
477. Thames Valley Police (2009) Community Recruitment Network Team. http://www.thamesvalley.police.uk/joinus/join-diversity.htm.
478. Thomas, Jim and Marquart, James (1987). 'Dirty Information and Clean Conscious: Communication Problems in Studying "Bad Guys"', in CarlCrouch and DavidMains (eds), Communication and Social Structure. Springfield: Charles Thomas Publisher. pp. 81-96.
479. Tizard, Barbara and Phoenix, Ann (2002) Black, White or Mixed-Race? Race and Racism in the Lives of Young People of Mixed Parentage. London: Routledge.
480. Townsend, Mark (2009) 'English Defence League Marchers Clash with Police in Nottingham', Guardian, 5 December 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/dec/05/edl-march-violence-nottingham.
481. Townsend, Mark (2010) 'Immigration Bosses to be Quizzed after Asylum Seekers were 'Beaten' by Guards', Observer, 28 February 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/feb/28/yarls-wood-assaults.
482. Travis, Alan (2010a) 'Judge Rules Compensation Can be Paid to Terror Suspects over Control Orders', Guardian, 18 January 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/jan/18/control-orders-ruling-compensation.
483. Travis, Alan (2010b) 'Terror Suspects Could Win Damages after Control Orders Ruling', Guardian, 28 July 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2010/jul/28/terror-suspects-control-orders-quashed.
484. Travis, Alan (2011) 'Control Orders: Home Secretary Tables Watered-Down Regime', Guardian, 26 January. http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2011/jan/26/control-order-review-theresa-may.
485. Treviño, A. Javier (2003) 'Introduction: Erving Goffman and the Interaction Order', in A. Treviño (ed.), Goffman's Legacy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. pp. 1-49.
486. Trivedi, Parita (1984) 'To Deny Our Fullness: Asian Women in the Making of History', Feminist Review, 17, Autumn: 37-50.
487. Troyna, Barry and Carrington, Barry (1990) Education, Racism and Reform. London: Routledge.
488. Tsoukala, Anastassia (2008) 'Defining the Terrorist Threat in the Post-September 11 Era', in D. Bigo and A. Tsoukala (eds), Terror, Insecurity and Liberty: Illiberal Practices of Liberal Regimes After 9/11. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 49-99. doi:10.4324/9780203926765 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203926765
489. Tye, Deborah (2009) Children and Young People in Custody 2008-2009: An Analysis of the Experiences of 15-18 year olds in Prison. London: HM Inspectorate of Prisons/Youth Justice Board.
490. Tyler, Imogen (2006) 'Welcome to Britain: The Cultural Politics of Asylum', European Journal of Cultural Studies, 9 (2): 185-202. doi:10.1177/1367549406063163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549406063163
491. Tyrer, David (2011) "Flooding the Embankments': Race, Bio-Politics and Sovereignty', in S. Sayyid and A. Vakil (eds), Thinking Through Islamophobia: Global Perspectives. London: C. Hurst & Co., pp. 93-110.
492. Tyrer, David and Ahmad, Fauzia (2004) Muslim Women and Higher Education: Identities, Experiences, and Prospects: A Summary Report. Liverpool: Liverpool John Moores University. http://www.mywf.org.uk/uploads/projects/borderlines/Archive/2007/muslimwomen.pdf.
493. Valentine, Simon R. (2006) Muslims in Bradford. Oxford: COMPAS - University of Oxford. http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/files/pdfs/Research/Bradford%20Background%20Paper%200506b.pdf.
494. Van Dijk, Teun A. (1992) 'Discourse and the Denial of Racism', Discourse and Society, 3: 87-118. doi:10.1177/0957926592003001005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926592003001005
495. Van Dijk, Teun A. (1993) 'Elite Discourse and Racism', in I.MZavala (ed.), Approaches to Discourse Poetics and Psychiatry. California: Newbury Park. pp. 81-124.
496. Van Maanen, John (1988) Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
497. Vaughan-Williams, Nick (2007) 'The Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes: New Border Politics?', Alternatives, 32: 177-195.
498. Vaughan-Williams, Nick (2009) 'Lines in the Sand? Towards an Agenda for Critical Border Studies', Geopolitics, 14 (3): 582-587. doi:10.1080/14650040903081297 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650040903081297
499. Vaught, Sabina E. (2008) 'Writing Against Racism: Telling White Lies and Reclaiming Culture', Qualitative Enquiry, 14 (4): 566-589. doi:10.1177/1077800408314355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800408314355
500. Verkaik, Robert (2009) 'Ministers to Spend £12m Fighting White Working-class Extremism', Independent, 15 October 2009. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ministers-to-spend-16312m-fighting-white-workingclass-extremism-1802824.html.
501. Virdee, Satnam (1995) Racial Violence and Harassment. London, Policy Studies Institute.
502. Virdee, Satnam (2000) 'A Marxist Critique of Black Radical Theories of Trade-union Racism', Sociology, 34 (3): 545-565.
503. Voorhees, Courte C.W., Vick, John and Perkins, Douglas D. (2007) 'Came Hell and High Water': The Intersection of Hurricane Katrina, the News Media, Race and Poverty', Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 17: 415-429. doi:10.1002/casp.945 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.945
504. Wacquant, Loïc (2001) 'Deadly Symbiosis: When Ghetto and Prison Meet and Mesh', Punishment and Society, 3 (1): 95-133. doi:10.1177/14624740122228276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14624740122228276
505. Wacquant, Loïc (2005) 'Race as Civic Felony', International Social Science Journal, 57 (183), pp. 127-142. doi:10.1111/j.0020-8701.2005.00536.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8701.2005.00536.x
506. Waddington, P.A.J., Stenson, Kevin and Don, David (2004) 'In Proportion: Race, and Police Stop and Search', British Journal of Criminology, 44 (6): 889-914. doi:10.1093/bjc/azh042 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh042
507. Waddington, David (2010) 'Applying the Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder to the 2001 Bradford Riot', British Journal of Criminology, 50 (2): 342-359. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azp082
508. Walker, Hilary (2002) A Genealogy of Equality: The Curriculum for Social Work Education and Training. London: Woburn Press.
509. Walsh, Anthony (2008) 'African Americans and Serial Killing in the Media', in AnthonyWalsh and CraigHemmens (eds), Introduction to Criminology. Los Angeles: Sage. pp. 385-398.
510. Watt, Nicholas (2010) 'Immigration Cap to be Put on Skilled Workers from Outside EU', Guardian, 25 June 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/jun/25/conservatives-against-dropping-immigration-cap.
511. Wanstead and Woodford Guardian (2009) 'Wanstead: BNP by-election campaigner arrested over "racist attack"', 15 April 2009. http://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/rbnews/4292232.WANSTEAD__BNP_by_election_campaigner_arrested_o/.
512. Wray, Matt (2006) Not Quite White: White Trash and the Boundaries of Whiteness. Durham: Duke University Press.
513. Wardak, Ali (2000) Social Control and Deviance: A South Asian Community in Scotland. Aldershot: Ashgate.
514. Watters, Charles (2008) Refugee Children: Towards the Next Horizon. Abingdon: Routledge.
515. Webster, Colin (2003) 'Race, Space and Fear: Imagined Geographies of Racism, Crime, Violence and Disorder in Northern England', Capital and Class, 27 (2): 95-122. doi:10.1177/030981680308000107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680308000107
516. Webster, Colin (1997) 'The Construction of British Asian Criminality', International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 25: 65-86. doi:10.1006/ijsl.1996.0034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijsl.1996.0034
517. Webster, Colin (2007) Understanding Race and Crime. Berkshire: McGraw Hill-Open University Press.
518. Webster, Colin (2008) 'Marginalized White Ethnicity, Race and Crime', Theoretical Criminology, 12 (3): 293-312. doi:10.1177/1362480608093308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480608093308
519. Weedon, Chris (2004) Identity and Culture: Narratives of Difference and Belonging. Berkshire: Open University Press.
520. Weis, Michelle Fine Lois (1998) 'Crime Stories: A Critical Look Through Race, Ethnicity and Gender', International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11 (3): 435-459. doi:10.1080/095183998236593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095183998236593
521. Werbner, Pnina and Anwar, Muhammad (eds) (1991) Black and Ethnic Leaderships: The Cultural Dimensions of Political Action. London: Routledge.
522. Werbner, Pnina (1994) 'Islamic Radicalism and the Gulf War: Lay Preachers and Political Dissent among British Pakistanis', in B. Lewis and D. Schnapper (eds), Muslims in Europe. London: Pinter. pp. 98-115.
523. Westwood, Sallie (1991) 'Red Star over Leicester: Racism, the Politics of Identity, and Black Youth in Britain', in P. Werbner and M. Anwar (eds), Black and Ethnic Leaderships in Britain: The Cultural Dimensions of Political Action. London: Routledge. pp. 101-116.
524. Williams, Katherine S. (2008) Textbook on Criminology. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
525. Whyte, David (2007) 'Market Patriotism and the War on Terror', Social Justice35(2-3): 111-131.
526. Wilson, Amrit (1981) 'Trials in Bradford: Whose Conspiracy?', Economic and Political Weekly, 16 (38): 1527-1528.
527. Wilson, Dean and Weber, Leanne (2008). 'Surveillance, Risk and Preemption on the Australian Border', Surveillance and Society, 5 (2): 124-141.
528. Wilson, William J. (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
529. Winant, Howard (2001) 'White Racial Projects', in B. Rasmussin, B.E. Klingenberg, I. Nexica and M. Wray (eds), The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 97-112.
530. Winston, George T. (1901) 'The Relations of the Whites to the Negroes', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, XVII: 108-109.
531. Wolfgang, Marvin E. and Ferracuti, Franco (1967) The Subculture of Violence. London: Tavistock.
532. Wood, Rebecca (2009) 'Returned Iraqi Asylum Seekers on Hunger Strike', Institute of Race Relations. http://www.irr.org.uk/2009/october/bw000045.html.
533. Worley, Claire (2005) '"It's not about Race, it's about the Community": New Labour and Community Cohesion', Critical Social Policy, 25 (4): 483-496. doi:10.1177/0261018305057026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018305057026
534. Wray, Matt (2006) Not Quite White: White Trash and the boundaries of Whiteness. Durham: Duke University Press.
535. Wray, Matt and Newitz, Annalee (eds) (1997) White Trash: Race and Class in America. New York: Routledge.
536. Wright, Cecile, Standen, Penny and Patel, Tina (2009) Black Youth Matters: From Transitions to Success. London, Routledge.
537. Youmans, W. (2004) 'The New Cold Warriors' in Hagopian, Elaine C. (ed.), Civil Rights in Peril: The Targeting of Arabs and Muslims. London: Pluto Press. pp. 105-130.
538. Young, Lola (2000) 'What is Black British Feminism?', Women: A Cultural Review, 11(1/2): 45-60. doi:10.1080/09574040050051415 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574040050051415
539. Younge, Gary (2009a) 'When You Watch the BNP on TV, Just Remember: Jack Straw Started All This', 21 October 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/oct/21/jack-straw-bnp-griffin-hain.
540. Younge, Gary (2009b)'I've changed my mind about racism', 28 December 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/dec/28/goodbye-noughties-race-relations.
541. Yukins, Elizabeth (2003) '"Feeble-Minded" White Women and the Spectre of Proliferating Perversity in American Eugenics Narratives', in L. A. Cuddy and C. M. Roche (eds), Evolution and Eugenics in American Literature and Culture, 1880-1940: Essays on Ideological Conflict and Complicity. Massachusetts: Rosemont Publishing. pp. 164-186.
542. Yuval-Davis, Nira (2006) 'Intersectionality and Feminist Politics', European Journal of Women's Studies, 13 (3): 193-209. doi:10.1177/1350506806065752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506806065752
543. Yuval-Davis, Nira, Anthias, Floya and Kofman, Eleanor (2005) 'Secure Borders and Safe Haven and the Gendered Politics of Belonging: Beyond Social Cohesion', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28 (3): 513-535. doi:10.1080/0141987042000337867 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141987042000337867
544. Zahid Mubarek Inquiry (2006) Report of the Zahid Mubarek Inquiry Volume 1. London: The Stationery Office.
545. Zembylas, Michalinos (2010) 'Agamben's Theory of Biopower and Immigrants' Asylum Seekers' Discourses of Citizenship and the Implications for Curriculum Theorizing', Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 26 (2): 31-4.
546. Zylinska, Joanne (2005) The Ethics of Cultural Studies. London: Symposium.