A day to make history'? The 2004 elections and the British National Party

Patterns of Prejudice

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 25-45

  Renton, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

2004 UK elections; Anti fascism; British National Party

Indexed keywords

EID: 16244393367     PISSN: 0031322X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00313220500045170     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. The BNP's previous successes are analysed in D. Renton, 'Explaining the success of the BNP, 1999-2003', Race and Class, vol. 45, 2003, 75-85.
2. 'Right on the edge', Guardian, 10 June 2004; 'BNP aim to take Burnley council control', Lancashire Evening Telegraph, 3 May 2003.
3. 'Right on the edge', Guardian, 10 June 2004; 'BNP aim to take Burnley council control', Lancashire Evening Telegraph, 3 May 2003.
4. N. Copsey, 'A comparison between the extreme right in contemporary France and Britain', Contemporary European History, vol. 6, no. 1, 1997, 101-16.
5. P. Fysh and J. Wolfreys, The Politics of Racism in France (Basingstoke: Macmillan 1998).
6. R. Harwell, 'The dynamics of right-wing electoral breakthrough', Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 32, no. 1, 1998, 3-31.
7. N. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2004).
8. A. Norfolk, 'BNP tends its turf by cultivating domestic concerns', The Times, 27 May 2004.
9. N. Byron, 'BNP: a party with no solutions', The Socialist, 5 June 2004.
10. D. Ward, 'BNP fails to live up to boast in Burnley', Guardian, 11 June 2004.
11. Byron, 'BNP'.
12. Town Hall failures', Searchlight European Election Special, Spring 2004.
13. 'BNP woman may be booted off council', Lancashire Evening Telegraph, 15 May 2004.
14. NAAR press release, '"Use your vote to stop the BNP" say MPs and campaigners', 15 October 2003.
15. Byron, 'BNP'.
16. H. Muir, 'Minority retort', Guardian, 15 April 2004.
17. J. Grace, 'Booted and suited', Guardian, 4 May 2004.
18. S. Maclean, 'BNP bids for student newspaper post', Guardian, 18 March 2004.
19. I. Onions, 'We won't deliver BNP poll material', Bristol Evening Post, 19 May 2004.
20. This point is developed in Renton, 'Explaining the success of the BNP'.
21. 'BNP targets local elections', Unite against Fascism, Spring 2004.
22. 'Anti-racist rally raises the roof, Morning Star, 27 February 2004.
23. Searchlight European Election Special, Spring 2004.
24. 'Vote scum: BNP man sent razor blades to city Jews', Liverpool Echo, 2 April 2003.
25. N. Lowles, 'Why the BNP must be confronted', Searchlight, March 2004, 15.
26. 'Rotten to the core', U Magazine, Summer 2004.
27. M. Withers, 'Union set to throw out BNP candidate', Daily Post, 4 June 2004.
28. G. Lewis, Tosties ban BNP', Wales on Sunday, 23 May 2004; C. Balch, 'Postal workers: "We won't help the BNP'", Socialist Worker, 5 June 2004.
29. G. Lewis, Tosties ban BNP', Wales on Sunday, 23 May 2004; C. Balch, 'Postal workers: "We won't help the BNP'", Socialist Worker, 5 June 2004.
30. Byron, 'BNP'.
31. 'Frequently asked questions', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 19 May 2004 (no longer available online).
32. N. Cohen, 'All mouth, no trousers', Observer, 6 June 2004.
33. C. Fieschi, 'Picking the wrong enemy', Guardian, 3 June 2004.
34. 'Parties alarmed by BNP election threat', Guardian, 13 May 2004; M. Woolf and I. Herbert, 'BNP to make record gains in elections, warn MPs', Independent, 13 May 2004.
35. 'Parties alarmed by BNP election threat', Guardian, 13 May 2004; M. Woolf and I. Herbert, 'BNP to make record gains in elections, warn MPs', Independent, 13 May 2004.
36. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
37. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
38. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
39. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
40. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
41. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
42. P. Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge 1987), 131-4. Very different accounts of the anti-fascist campaigns of the 1970s appear in D. Widgery, Beating Time: Riot 'n' Race 'n' Rock and Roll (London: Chatto and Windus 1986); P. Alexander, Racism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Bookmarks 1978); N. Copsey, A History of Anti-fascism in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Macmillan 2000); R. Messina, Race and Party Competition in Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 109-25; M. Farrar, 'Social movements and the struggle over "race"', in M. J. Todd and G. Taylor (eds), Democracy and Participation - Popular Protest and New Social Movements (London: Merlin Press 2004); and D. Renton, This Rough Game: Fascism and Anti-fascism (Stroud: Sutton 2000).
43. 'Le Pen pelted', Mirror, 26 April 2004; 'Stop Le Nazi', Daily Express, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen under attack', Daily Mail, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen at bay', Telegraph, 26 May 2004; C. Radford, 'Protests as Le Pen visits Britain', l'Express Outlook, 27 April 2004.
44. 'Le Pen pelted', Mirror, 26 April 2004; 'Stop Le Nazi', Daily Express, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen under attack', Daily Mail, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen at bay', Telegraph, 26 May 2004; C. Radford, 'Protests as Le Pen visits Britain', l'Express Outlook, 27 April 2004.
45. 'Le Pen pelted', Mirror, 26 April 2004; 'Stop Le Nazi', Daily Express, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen under attack', Daily Mail, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen at bay', Telegraph, 26 May 2004; C. Radford, 'Protests as Le Pen visits Britain', l'Express Outlook, 27 April 2004.
46. 'Le Pen pelted', Mirror, 26 April 2004; 'Stop Le Nazi', Daily Express, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen under attack', Daily Mail, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen at bay', Telegraph, 26 May 2004; C. Radford, 'Protests as Le Pen visits Britain', l'Express Outlook, 27 April 2004.
47. 'Le Pen pelted', Mirror, 26 April 2004; 'Stop Le Nazi', Daily Express, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen under attack', Daily Mail, 26 April 2004; 'Le Pen at bay', Telegraph, 26 May 2004; C. Radford, 'Protests as Le Pen visits Britain', l'Express Outlook, 27 April 2004.
48. A. Hardie, 'Livingstone left facing defeat by Tory Norris in election', Scotsman, 10 June 2004.
49. D. Ward, 'Right on the edge', Guardian, 10 June 2004.
50. 'Frequently asked questions', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), June 2004 (no longer available online).
51. N. Morris, 'Behind the flag-waving, former activists tell of tensions and splits', Independent, 27 May 2004.
52. 'Doubtful polls', BMP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 28 May 2004 (no longer available online); J. Murphy, 'Livingstone lead slips but he's still on course for second term', Evening Standard, 10 May 2004.
53. 'Doubtful polls', BMP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 28 May 2004 (no longer available online); J. Murphy, 'Livingstone lead slips but he's still on course for second term', Evening Standard, 10 May 2004.
54. N. Griffin, 'Old Gang on the run!', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 5 June 2004 (no longer available online).
55. 'Voters just love the BNP', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 7 June 2004 (no longer available online).
56. N. Griffin, 'A day to make history', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 9 June 2004, now available on the National Vanguard website at www.nationalvanguard. org/ printer.php?id = 3077 (viewed 16 December 2004).
57. N. Griffin, 'A day to make history', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 9 June 2004, now available on the National Vanguard website at www.nationalvanguard. org/ printer.php?id = 3077 (viewed 16 December 2004).
58. J. Shepherd, 'Howard condemns BNP-link pamphlet', Birmingham Post, 12 April 2004.
59. G. Hinsliff, 'It feels like the BNP-only in blazers', Observer, 30 May 2004.
60. T. Shifrin, 'Asylum and immigration: the issue explained', Guardian, 27 April 2004.
61. For this reason, press coverage focused on that minority of Eastern Europeans who were most unlike the white British; see '1.6 million Gypsies ready to flood in', Daily Express, 20 January 2004.
62. 'The BNP leaders linked to Redwatch', Searchlight, November 2003, 9.
63. 'NUJ resists the BNP', 23 March 2004, available on the NUJ website at www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid = 703 (viewed 16 December 2004).
64. 'Why I turned my back on the BNP', Searchlight European Election Special, Spring 2004.
65. Griffin, 'A day to make history'.
66. 'Video Nazi', News of the World, 16 May 2004.
67. Z. Nauman and G. Hodgson, 'Pedlars of poison', Sunday Mirror, 23 May 2004.
68. 'BNP candidates on assault charges', BBC News, 3 June 2004, available at http:// news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/3772723.stm (viewed 16 December 2004).
69. 'BNP crime and hysteria mount as polling day nears', Searchlight website (www.searchlightmagazine.com), 7 June 2004 (no longer available online).
70. M. Wells, 'Channel Five shows edited BNP broadcast', Guardian, 29 May 2004.
71. J. Tapsfield, 'National Trust considering legal action against BNP', Press Association News, 1 June 2004.
72. 'Euro election candidates', Searchlight website (www.searchlightmagazine. com), undated (no longer available online).
73. Transcript of Julian Leppart-BNP mayoral candidate interviewed on BBC London radio's John Gaunt show: 26 May 2004', available on the 1990 Trust website at www.blink.org.uk/docs/leppart_gaunt.htm (viewed 16 December 2004).
74. 'Church to take on the BNP', Wakefield Express, 23 April 2004.
75. 'Don't let BNP get a look in, parties urge', Luton News, 15 May 2004.
76. M. Cowen and J. Din, 'BNP hit city mosque', Birmingham Post, 28 May 2004.
77. 'Muslims urged to make votes count', BBC News, 3 June 2004, available at http:// news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3771949.stm (viewed 16 December 2004); 'Muslims urged to vote against BNP', Guardian, 3 June 2004.
78. 'Muslims urged to make votes count', BBC News, 3 June 2004, available at http:// news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3771949.stm (viewed 16 December 2004); 'Muslims urged to vote against BNP', Guardian, 3 June 2004.
79. H. Muir and M. Taylor, 'White supremacist aids BNP', Guardian, 10 June 2004.
80. A. Norfolk and D. Kennedy, 'North West turns its back on BNP', The Times, 11 June 2004.
81. M. Born, 'Race fears halt film on Asian sex "grooming"', Daily Telegraph, 21 May 2004.
82. H. Carter, 'Mixed results a surprise for BNP', Guardian, 12 June 2004.
83. 'Racists' sick claim', Sunderland Echo, 18 May 2004; also M. McKenzie, Til sue over race-hate lie', Sunday Sun, 16 May 2004.
84. 'Racists' sick claim', Sunderland Echo, 18 May 2004; also M. McKenzie, Til sue over race-hate lie', Sunday Sun, 16 May 2004.
85. 'Race hate fear over pamphlets', Evening Chronicle, 2 June 2004; T. Wilkinson, 'BNP leaflet "packed with inaccuracies" - police', Scotsman, 2 June 2004.
86. 'Race hate fear over pamphlets', Evening Chronicle, 2 June 2004; T. Wilkinson, 'BNP leaflet "packed with inaccuracies" - police', Scotsman, 2 June 2004.
87. 'Letters', BNP website (www.bnp.org.uk), 10 June 2004 (no longer available online).
88. M. Forster, 'BNP predicts victory in European poll', Stoke Sentinel, 12 June 2004.
89. Quoted in N. Lowles, 'Hope wins over hate', Searchlight, July 2004, 5.
90. S. Silver, 'They want out, but get in: UKIP in Europe', Searchlight, July 2004, 9.
91. H. Rumbelow, 'We will destroy BNP, pledges "liberal" UKIP leader', The Times, 19 August 2004.
92. M. White and A. Travis, 'Poll shows UKIP will split Tory vote', Guardian, 15 June 2004.
93. N. Lowles, 'Targeted campaigning keeps the BNP at bay', Searchlight, August 2004.
94. Sun, 15 July 2004; Daily Mail, 16 July 2004; N. Lowles, 'Secret agent', Searchlight, August 2004.
95. Sun, 15 July 2004; Daily Mail, 16 July 2004; N. Lowles, 'Secret agent', Searchlight, August 2004.
96. Sun, 15 July 2004; Daily Mail, 16 July 2004; N. Lowles, 'Secret agent', Searchlight, August 2004.
97. Quoted in Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism, 82.
98. D. Renton, Fascism: Theory and Practice (London: Pluto Press 1999).
99. A. Kundnani, 'Who votes BNP?', IRR News (Institute of Race Relations), 27 April 2004.