Racist offending, policing and community conflict

Sociology

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 681-699

  Ray, Larry ^a   Smith, David ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Media; Oldham; Policing; Racist violence; Social cohesion

Indexed keywords

EID: 7544236912     PISSN: 00380385     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0038038504045859     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Alexander C. (2000) The Asian Gang. Oxford: Berg.
2. Aust, R., A. Clancy, M. Hough and C. Kershaw (2001) Crime, Policing and Justice: The Experience of Ethnic Minorities. Findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office.
3. Back, L, T. Crabbe and J. Solomos (1999) 'Beyond the Racist/Hooligan Couplet', British Journal of Sociology 50(3): 419-42.
4. Back, L., M. Keith, A. Khan, K. Shukra and J. Solomos (2002) 'The Return of Assimilation: Race, Multiculturalism and New Labour', Sociological Research Online 7(2), URL (consulted May 2004): http://www.socresonline. org.uk/7/2/back.html/
5. BBC (2001a) 'Media and Race in the Spotlight', URL (consulted May 2004): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/1408691.stm/
6. BBC (2001b) 'Appeals for Calm after Oldham riots', URL (consulted May 2004): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1353961.stm/
7. Blunkett, D. (2002) 'Integration with Diversity: Globalisation and the Renewal of Democracy and Civil Society', in Rethinking Britishness. London: The Foreign Policy Centre, URL (consulted May 2004): http://fpc.org.uk/articles/182/
8. BNP website, 4 February 1999 www.bnp.org.uk
9. Bradley, H. (1996) Fractured Identities: Changing Patterns of Inequality. Cambridge: Polity Press.
10. Brown, P. and H. Lauder (2001) Capitalism and Social Progress - The Future of Society in a Global Economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
11. Burney, E. and G. Rose with S. Joseph and R. Newby (2002) Racist Offences - How is the Law Working? Home Office Research Study 244. London: Home Office.
12. Castles, S. and G. Kosack (1973) Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Commission for Racial Equality (1993) Housing Allocations in Oldham. London: CRE Publications.
14. Commission for Racial Equality (2002) A Place for Us All - Learning from Bradford, Oldham and Burnley. London: CRE.
15. Giddens, A. (2002) 'The Third Way Can Beat the Far Right', The Guardian 3 May.
16. Greater Manchester Police (2001) Racist Incident Report 2000-01. Manchester: Greater Manchester Police.
17. Greater Manchester Police (2002) Ethnic Monitoring and Hate Crime Annual Report 2001-02. Manchester: Greater Manchester Police.
18. Hewitt, R. (1996) Routes of Racism. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books.
19. Home Office (2000) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System: A Home Office Publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. London: Home Office.
20. Home Office (2002a) Building Cohesive Communities: A Report of the Ministerial Group on Public Order and Community Cohesion. London: Home Office.
21. Home Office (2002b) A Report of the Independent Review Team Chaired by Ted Cantle. London: Home Office.
22. Johnston, L. (1996) 'What is Vigilantism?', British Journal of Criminology 36(2): 220-36.
23. Kundnani, A. (2001) 'From Oldham to Bradford: The Violence of the Violated', IRR News, URL (consulted May 2004):_http://www.irr.org.uk/2001/october/ak000003.html/
24. Lawrence, F. (1999) Punishing Hate. London: Harvard University Press.
25. Mac an Ghaill, M. (1999) Contemporary Racisms and Ethnicities. Buckingham: Open University Press.
26. Macpherson, W. (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Report of an Inquiry by Sir William Macpherson of Cluny (Cm 4262). London: The Stationery Office.
27. Oldham Metropolitan Borough (1993) Ethnic Minorities in Oldham. Oldham: Chief Executive's Policy Unit.
28. Oldham Metropolitan Borough (1994) Areas of Deprivation in Oldham. Oldham: Chief Executive's Policy Unit.
29. Oldham Metropolitan Borough (1999) Crime and Disorder Audit. Oldham: Chief Executive's Policy Unit.
30. Oldham Metropolitan Borough (2002) Oldham Today: An Overview. URL (consulted May 2004): http:/www.oldham.gov.uk/borough_info/overview.htm/
31. Peach, C., V. Robinson and S. Smith (eds) (1981) Ethnic Segregation in Cities. London: Groom Helm.
32. Ray, L. and D. Smith (2001) 'Racist Offenders and the Politics of "Hate Crime"' Law and Critique 12(3): 203-21.
33. Ray, L., D. Smith and L. Wastell (2001) 'Understanding Racist Violence', Criminal Justice Matters 42: 28-9.
34. Ray, L., D. Smith and L. Wastell (2003a) 'Understanding Racist Violence', in E. Stanko (ed.) The Meanings of Violence, pp. 112-29. London: Routledge.
35. Ray, L., D. Smith and L. Wastell (2003b) 'Racist Violence from a Probation Service Perspective: Now You See it, Now You Don't, in R.M. Lee and B. Stanko (eds) Researching Violence, pp. 217-31. London: Routledge.
36. Rees, P. and D. Phillips (1996a) 'Geographical Spread: The National Picture', in P. Ratcliffe (ed.) Ethnicity in the 1991 Census Volume 3: Social Geography and Ethnicity in Britain: Geographical Spread, Spatial Concentration and Internal Migration, pp. 23-110. London: Office of National Statistics.
37. Rees, P. and D. Phillips (1996b) 'Geographical Patterns in a Cluster of Pennine Towns', in P. Ratcliffe (ed.) Ethnicity in the 1991 Census Volume 3: Social Geography and Ethnicity in Britain: Geographical Spread, Spatial Concentration and Internal Migration, pp. 271-93. London: Office of National Statistics.
38. Rochdale Metropolitan Borough (2002) Crime and Disorder Strategy 2002-05. Rochdale: Rochdale Metropolitan Borough.
39. Sibbitt, R. (1997) The Perpetrators of Racial Harassment and Racial Violence. Home Office Research Study 176. London: Home Office.
40. Smith, S. (1989) The Politics of Race and Residence: Citizenship, Segregation and White Supremacy in Britain. Cambridge: Polity.
41. Solomos, J. (1993) Race and Racism in Britain. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
42. Taylor, S. (1982) The National Front in English Politics. London: Macmillan.
43. Travers, M. (1997) 'Preaching to the Converted? Improving the Persuasiveness of Criminal Justice Research', British Journal of Criminology 37(3): 359-77.
44. Webster, C. (1996) 'Local Heroes: Violent Racism, Localism and Spacism among Asian and White Young People', Youth and Policy 53:15-27.
45. Woolgar, S. and D. Pawluch (1985) 'Ontological Gerrymeandering', Social Problems 32: 214-27.
46. Woolgar, S. and D. Pawluch (1986) 'How Shall We Move Beyond Constructivism?', Social Problems 33(2): 159-62.