Picosecond Dynamics of Excitonic Magnetic Polarons in Colloidal Diffusion-Doped Cd1-xMnxSe Quantum Dots

ACS Nano

Volumn 9, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 11177-11191

  Nelson, Heidi D ^a   Bradshaw, Liam R ^a   Barrows, Charles J ^a   Vlaskin, Vladimir A ^a   Gamelin, Daniel R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

diluted magnetic semiconductors; doped quantum dots; magnetic polarons; magneto luminescence; spin dynamics; sp 'd exchange

Indexed keywords

CIRCULAR POLARIZATION; DICHROISM; DIFFUSION; EXCITONS; LUMINESCENCE; MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETISM; MAGNETIZATION; MANGANESE; NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; POLARONS; POTENTIAL ENERGY; QUANTUM CHEMISTRY; SEMICONDUCTING SELENIUM COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTOR DOPING; SPIN DYNAMICS;

DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; DOPED QUANTUM DOTS; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISMS; MAGNETIC POLARONS; MAGNETIZATION ORIENTATION; NARROW SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC FIELD;

SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

EID: 84948419754     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04719     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors; Furdyna, J. K. and Kossut, J., Eds.; Semiconductors and Semimetals Vol. 25; Academic: New York, 1988.
2. Furdyna, J. K. Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors J. Appl. Phys. 1988, 64, R29-R64 10.1063/1.341700
3. Introduction to the Physics of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors; Kossut, J.; Gaj, J. A., Eds.; Springer Series in Materials Science 144; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2010.
4. Dietl, T. Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors: Functional Ferromagnets Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 646-648 10.1038/nmat989
5. xTe Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1986, 34, 6943-6950 10.1103/PhysRevB.34.6943
6. xSe Observed in High Magnetic Fields up to 150 T Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2000, 61, 4685-4688 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.4685
7. Koshihara, S.; Oiwa, A.; Hirasawa, M.; Katsumoto, S.; Iye, Y.; Urano, C.; Takagi, H.; Munekata, H. Ferromagnetic Order Induced by Photogenerated Carriers in Magnetic III-V Semiconductor Heterostructures of (In,Mn)As/GaSb Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 4617-4620 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4617
8. Boukari, H.; Kossacki, P.; Bertolini, M.; Ferrand, D.; Cibert, J.; Tatarenko, S.; Wasiela, A.; Gaj, J. A.; Dietl, T. Light and Electric Field Control of Ferromagnetism in Magnetic Quantum Structures Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 88, 207204 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.207204
9. Chiba, D.; Yamanouchi, M.; Matsukura, F.; Ohno, H. Electrical Manipulation of Magnetization Reversal in a Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Science 2003, 301, 943-945 10.1126/science.1086608
10. Yamanouchi, M.; Chiba, A.; Matsukura, F.; Dietl, T.; Ohno, H. Velocity of Domain-Wall Motion Induced by Electrical Current in the Ferromagnetic Semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 096601 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.096601
11. Ohno, Y.; Young, D. K.; Beschoten, B.; Matsukura, F.; Ohno, H.; Awschalom, D. D. Electrical Spin Injection in a Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Heterostructure Nature 1999, 402, 790-792 10.1038/45509
12. Fiederling, R.; Keim, M.; Reuscher, G.; Ossau, W.; Schmidt, G.; Waag, A.; Molenkamp, L. W. Injection and Detection of a Spin-Polarized Current in a Light-Emitting Diode Nature 1999, 402, 787-790 10.1038/45502
13. Jonker, B. T.; Park, Y. D.; Bennett, B. R.; Cheong, H. D.; Kioseoglou, G.; Petrou, A. Robust Electrical Spin Injection into a Semiconductor Heterostructure Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2000, 62, 8180-8183 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.8180
14. Rüster, C.; Borzenko, T.; Gould, C.; Schmidt, G.; Molenkamp, L. W.; Liu, X.; Wojtowicz, T. J.; Furdyna, J. K.; Yu, Z. G.; Flatté, M. E. Very Large Magnetoresistance in Lateral Ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As Wires with Nanoconstrictions Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 216602 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.216602
15. Isaacs, E. D.; Heiman, D.; Zayhowski, J. J.; Bicknell, R. N.; Schetzina, J. F. Magnetically Tunable Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor (Cd,Mn)Te Quantum Well Laser Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 48, 275-277 10.1063/1.96579
16. Bacher, G.; Schömig, H.; Scheibner, M.; Forchel, A.; Maksimov, A. A.; Chernenko, A. V.; Dorozhkin, P. S.; Kulakovskii, V. D.; Kennedy, T.; Reinecke, T. L. Spin-Spin Interaction in Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots Phys. E 2005, 26, 37-44 10.1016/j.physe.2004.08.019
17. Henneberger, F.; Puls, J. Diluted Magnetic Quantum Dots. In Introduction to the Physics of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors; Kossut, J.; Gaj, J. A., Eds.; Springer Series in Materials Science 144; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2010; pp 161-190.
18. 2+-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots: New Inorganic Materials for Spin-Electronics and Spin-Photonics Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 3873-3891 10.1002/adfm.200801016
19. Beaulac, R.; Ochsenbein, S. T.; Gamelin, D. R. Colloidal Transition-Metal-Doped Quantum Dots. In Nanocrystal Quantum Dots, 2 nd ed.; Klimov, V. I., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2010; pp 397-453.
20. Besombes, L.; Léger, Y.; Maingault, L.; Ferrand, D.; Mariette, H.; Cibert, J. Probing the Spin State of a Single Magnetic Ion in an Individual Quantum Dot Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93, 207403 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.207403
21. Léger, Y.; Besombes, L.; Maingault, L.; Ferrand, D.; Mariette, H. Geometrical Effects on the Optical Properties of Quantum Dots Doped with a Single Magnetic Atom Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 047403 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.047403
22. Krebs, O.; Lemaître, A. Optically Induced Coupling of Two Magnetic Dopant Spins by a Photoexcited Hole in a Mn-Doped InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 187401 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.187401
23. Kobak, J.; Smoleński, T.; Goryca, M.; Papaj, M.; Gietka, K.; Bogucki, A.; Koperski, M.; Rousset, J.-G.; Suffczyński, J.; Janik, E. et al. Designing Quantum Dots for Solotronics Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3191 10.1038/ncomms4191
24. Ochsenbein, S. T.; Feng, Y.; Whitaker, K. M.; Badaeva, E.; Liu, W. K.; Li, X.; Gamelin, D. R. Charge-Controlled Magnetism in Colloidal Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 681-687 10.1038/nnano.2009.221
25. Vlaskin, V. A.; Barrows, C. J.; Erickson, C. S.; Gamelin, D. R. Nanocrystal Diffusion Doping J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 14380-14389 10.1021/ja4072207
26. Harris, J. H.; Nurmikko, A. V. Formation of the Bound Magnetic Polaron in (Cd,Mn)Se Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983, 51, 1472-1475 10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.1472
27. Awschalom, D. D.; Warnock, J.; von Molnár, S. Lowerature Magnetic Spectroscopy of a Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Phys. Rev. Lett. 1987, 58, 812-815 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.812
28. xTe Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1994, 49, 10248-10258 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.10248
29. Oka, Y.; Shen, J.; Takabayashi, K.; Takahashi, N.; Mitsu, H.; Souma, I.; Pittini, R. Dynamics of Excitonic Magnetic Polarons in Nanostructure Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors J. Lumin. 1999, 83-84, 83-89 10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00078-2
30. Kavokin, K. V.; Merkulov, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Ossau, W.; Landwehr, G. Exciton Localization in Semimagnetic Semiconductors Probed by Magnetic Polarons Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1999, 60, 16499-16505 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.16499
31. Maksimov, A. A.; Bacher, G.; McDonald, A.; Kulakovskii, V. D.; Forchel, A.; Becker, C. R.; Landwehr, G.; Molenkamp, L. W. Magnetic Polarons in a Single Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dot Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2000, 62, R7767-R7770 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R7767
32. Seufert, J.; Bacher, G.; Scheibner, M.; Forchel, A.; Lee, S.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K. Dynamical Spin Response in Semimagnetic Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 88, 027402 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.027402
33. Dorozhkin, P. S.; Chernenko, A. V.; Kulakovskii, V. D.; Brichkin, A. S.; Maksimov, A. A.; Schoemig, H.; Bacher, G.; Forchel, A.; Lee, S.; Dobrowolska, M. et al. Longitudinal and Transverse Fluctuations of Magnetization of the Excitonic Magnetic Polaron in a Semimagnetic Single Quantum Dot Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2003, 68, 195313 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.195313
34. Zaitsev, S. V.; Schömig, H.; Forchel, A.; Bacher, G. Magnetooptics and Dynamics of a Magnetic Polaron in Semimagnetic CdSe/ZnMnSe Quantum Dots JETP Lett. 2007, 85, 323-327 10.1134/S0021364007070041
35. Beaulac, R.; Schneider, L.; Archer, P. I.; Bacher, G.; Gamelin, D. R. Light-Induced Spontaneous Magnetization in Doped Colloidal Quantum Dots Science 2009, 325, 973-976 10.1126/science.1174419
36. Sellers, I. R.; Oszwa lstrok;łdowski, R.; Whiteside, V. R.; Eginligil, M.; Petrou, A.; Zutic, I.; Chou, W.-C.; Fan, W. C.; Petukhov, A. G.; Kim, S. J. et al. Robust Magnetic Polarons in Type-II (Zn,Mn)Te/ZnSe Magnetic Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2010, 82, 195320 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195320
37. xTe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2011, 83, 081306 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.081306
38. Bacher, G.; Maksimov, A. A.; Schömig, H.; Kulakovskii, V. D.; Welsch, M. K.; Forchel, A.; Dorozhkin, P. S.; Chernenko, A. V.; Lee, S.; Dobrowolska, M. et al. Monitoring Statistical Magnetic Fluctuations on the Nanometer Scale Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 89, 127201 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.127201
39. Dietl, T.; Peyla, P.; Grieshaber, W.; Merle d'Aubigné, Y. Dynamics of Spin Organization in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 74, 474-477 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.474
40. Scherbakov, A. V.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Akimov, A. V.; Merkulov, I. A.; König, B.; Ossau, W.; Molenkamp, L. W.; Wojtowicz, T.; Karczewski, G.; Cywinski, G. et al. Acceleration of the Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Diluted Magnetic Quantum Wells in the Presence of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2001, 64, 155205 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.155205
41. Kneip, M. K.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Bayer, M.; Maksimov, A. A.; Tartakovskii, I. I.; Keller, D.; Ossau, W.; Molenkamp, L. W.; Waag, A. Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Mn Ions in ZnMnSe/ZnBeSe Quantum Wells Measured under Pulsed Photoexcitation Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2006, 73, 045305 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.045305
42. xO Nanocrystals J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 1748-1753 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00621
43. 2+-Doped Quantum Dots (CdSe, CdS, CdSe/CdS): Physical Property Dependence on Dopant Locale J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9808-9818 10.1021/ja072436l
44. 2+-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 1037-1043 10.1021/nl0702362
45. 2+-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1197-1201 10.1021/nl080195p
46. xSe Quantum Dots J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 3076-3081 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01137
47. 2+-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots ACS Nano 2014, 8, 12669-12675 10.1021/nn505610e
48. Bacher, G.; Schömig, H.; Welsch, M. K.; Zaitsev, S.; Kulakovskii, V. D.; Forchel, A.; Lee, S.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K.; König, B. et al. Optical Spectroscopy on Individual CdSe/ZnMnSe Quantum Dots Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 524-526 10.1063/1.1387256
49. Efros, A. L.; Rosen, M.; Kuno, M.; Nirmal, M.; Norris, D. J.; Bawendi, M. Band-Edge Exciton in Quantum Dots of Semiconductors with a Degenerate Valence Band: Dark and Bright Exciton States Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1996, 54, 4843-4856 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.4843
50. Barman, B.; Oszwa lstrok;łdowski, R.; Schweidenback, L.; Russ, A. H.; Pientka, J. M.; Tsai, Y.; Chou, W.-C.; Fan, W. C.; Murphy, J. R.; Cartwright, A. N. et al. Time-Resolved Magnetophotoluminescence Studies of Magnetic Polaron Dynamics in Type-II Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2015, 92, 035430 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.035430
51. Shapira, Y.; Foner, S.; Ridgley, D. H.; Dwight, K.; Wold, A. Technical Saturation and Magnetization Steps in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors: Predictions and Observations Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1984, 30, 4021-4023 10.1103/PhysRevB.30.4021
52. 0.05Se from Magnetoabsorption Measurements J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1986, 47, 309-314 10.1016/0022-3697(86)90100-9
53. 2+-Electron s-d Exchange Coupling in Bulk and Quantum-Confined Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2010, 82, 224401 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.224401
54. 2+-Carrier sp-d Exchange in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2011, 84, 195324 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.195324
55. Yakovlev, D. R.; Ossau, W. Magnetic Polarons. In Introduction to the Physics of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors; Kossut, J.; Gaj, J. A., Eds.; Springer Series in Materials Science 144; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2010; pp 221-262.
56. Merkulov, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Kavokin, K. V.; Mackh, G.; Ossau, W.; Waag, A.; Landwehr, G. Hierarchy of Relaxation Times in the Formation of an Excitonic Magnetic Polaron in (CdMn)Te JETP Lett. 1995, 62, 335-339
57. xSe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2004, 69, 121309(R) 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.121309
58. Merkulov, I. A.; Pozina, G. R.; Coquillat, D.; Paganotto, N.; Siviniant, J.; Lascaray, J. P.; Cibert, J. Parameters of the Magnetic Polaron State in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Cd-Mn-Te with Low Manganese Concentration Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1996, 54, 5727-5731 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.5727
59. Scalbert, D.; Cernogora, J.; Benoit à la Guillaume, C.; Nawrocki, M. Bistability of Magnetic Polarons Bound to Acceptors in a Wurtzite Semimagnetic Semiconductor Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1988, 38, 13246-13256 10.1103/PhysRevB.38.13246
60. Gupta, J. A.; Awschalom, D. D.; Peng, X.; Alivisatos, A. P. Spin Coherence in Semiconductor Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1999, 59, R10421-R10424 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R10421
61. Gupta, J. A.; Awschalom, D. D.; Efros, A. L.; Rodina, A. V. Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2002, 66, 125307 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125307
62. Crooker, S. A.; Awschalom, D. D.; Baumberg, J. J.; Flack, F.; Samarth, N. Optical Spin Resonance and Transverse Spin Relaxation in Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Wells Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1997, 56, 7574-7588 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.7574
63. Crooker, S. A. Coherent Spin Dynamics of Carriers and Magnetic Ions in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. In Introduction to the Physics of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors; Kossut, J.; Gaj, J. A., Eds.; Springer Series in Materials Science 144; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2010; pp 305-334.
64. Fiederling, R.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Ossau, W.; Landwehr, G.; Merkulov, I. A.; Kavokin, K. V.; Wojtowicz, T.; Kutrowski, M.; Grasza, K.; Karczewski, G. et al. Exciton Magnetic Polarons in (100)- and (120)-Oriented Semimagnetic Digital Alloys (Cd,Mn)Te Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1998, 58, 4785-4792 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.4785
65. Výborný, K.; Han, J. E.; Oszwa lstrok;łdowski, R.; Žutić, I.; Petukhov, A. G. Magnetic Anisotropies of Quantum Dots Doped with Magnetic Ions Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2012, 85, 155312 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.155312
66. Peng, B.; May, J. W.; Gamelin, D. R.; Li, X. Effects of Crystallographic and Shape Anisotropies on Dopant-Carrier Exchange Interactions in Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 7630-7636 10.1021/jp411250c
67. Merkulov, I. A.; Kavokin, K. V.; Mackh, G.; Kuhn-Heinrich, B.; Ossau, W.; Waag, A.; Landwehr, G.; Yakovlev, D. R. Luminescence Polarization and Spontaneous Lowering of Symmetry Caused by Magnetic-Polaron Formation in Semimagnetic-Semiconductor Quantum Wells Phys. Solid State 1997, 39, 1859-1863 10.1134/1.1130215
68. Heiman, D.; Warnock, J.; Wolff, P. A.; Kershaw, R.; Ridgley, D.; Dwight, K.; Wold, A. Polarized Photoluminescence from Bound Magnetic Polarons in (Cd,Mn)Se Solid State Commun. 1984, 52, 909-912 10.1016/0038-1098(84)90853-6
69. Kudinov, A. V.; Kusraev, Y. G.; Yakimovich, V. N. Polarized Luminescence of CdMnTe in an External Magnetic Field Phys. Solid State 1995, 37, 359-362
70. Reiss, P.; Protière, M.; Li, L. Core/Shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals Small 2009, 5, 154-168 10.1002/smll.200800841
71. Lee, J.; Sundar, V. C.; Heine, J. R.; Bawendi, M. G.; Jensen, K. F. Full Color Emission from II-VI Semiconductor Quantum Dot-Polymer Composites Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 1102-1105 10.1002/1521-4095(200008)12:15<1102::AID-ADMA1102>3.0.CO;2-J
72. Piepho, S. B.; Schatz, P. N. Group Theory in Spectroscopy with Applications to Magnetic Circular Dichroism; Wiley: New York, 1983.