Implicit and explicit motor learning: Application to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Research in Developmental Disabilities

Volumn 47, Issue , 2015, Pages 284-296

  Izadi Najafabadi, Sara ^a   Mirzakhani Araghi, Navid ^b   Miri Lavasani, Negar ^c   Nejati, Vahid ^d   Pashazadeh Azari, Zahra ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO OP); Implicit and explicit motor learning

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPLICIT MEMORY; HUMAN; IMPLICIT MEMORY; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LEARNING; MALE; RESPONSE TIME; SERIAL REACTION TIME TASK; TASK PERFORMANCE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME;

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; HUMANS; LEARNING; MALE; MOTOR SKILLS; REACTION TIME;

EID: 84943803636     PISSN: 08914222     EISSN: 18733379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.09.020     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. AOTA T.A. Frequently asked questions (FAQ): What is occupational therapy's role in supporting persons with an Autism Spectrum Disorder? 2010.
2. APA A. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 1994, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
3. APA A. Autism Spectrum Disorder fact sheet 2013, American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA.
4. APA A. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2013, American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA. 5th ed.
5. Barnes K., Howard J.H., Haword D.V., Gilotty l., Kenworthy L. Intact implicit learning of spatial context and temporal sequences in children Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropsychology 2008, 22(5):563-570.
6. Baron-Cohen S., Scott F.J., Carrie Allison C., Williams J., Bolton P., Matthews F.E., et al. Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2009, 194:500-509.
7. Brown J., Aczel B., Jimenez L., Kaufman S.B., Grant K.P. Intact implicit learning in autism spectrum conditions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2010, 63(9):1789-1812.
8. Chapparo C. Perceive, recall plan, and perform (PRPP): Occupation centred task analysis and intervention system. Occupation centred practice with children: A practical guide for occupational therapists 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. S. Rodger (Ed.).
9. Dawson G., Warrenburg S., Fuller P. Hemisphere functioning & motor imitation in autistic persons. Brain & Cognition 1983, 2(4):346-354.
10. de Vries M., Geurts H.M. Cognitive flexibility in ASD; task switching with emotional faces. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2012, 42(12):2558-2568.
11. Dziuk M., Gidley Larson J., Apostu A., Mahone E., Denckla M., Mostofsky S. Dyspraxia in autism: Association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2007, 49(10):734-739.
12. D'cruz A., Mosconi M., Steele S., Rubin L., luna B., Minshew N., et al. Lateralized response timing deficits in autism. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 66(4):393-397.
13. Ehlers S., Gillberg C., Wing L. A screening questionnaire for Asperger Syndrome and other High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders in school age children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1999, 29(2):129-141.
14. Filipek P.A., Accardo P.J., Baranek G.T., Cook E.H. The screening and diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1999, 29(6):439-484.
15. Freeman B.J., Del'PHomme M., Guthrie D., Zhang F. Vineland adaptive behavior scale scores as a function of age and initial IQ in 210 autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1999, 29(5):379-384.
16. Freitag C., Kleser C., Schneider M., Von Gontard A. Quantitative assessment of neuromotor function in adolescents with high functioning autism and Asperger Syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder 2007, 37(5):948-959.
17. Gentile A.M. Movement science: Implicit and explicit processing during acquisition of functional skills. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy 1998, 5(1):7-16.
18. Ghaziuddin M., Butler E., Tsai L., Ghaziuddin N. Is clumsiness a marker for Asperger Syndrome?. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research 1994, 38(pt 5):519-527.
19. Gidley Larson J.C., Mostofsky S.H. Evidence that the pattern of visuomotor sequence learning is altered in children with autism. Autism Research 2008, 1(6):341-353. 10.1002/aur.54.
20. Gordon B., Stark S. Procedural learning of a visual sequence in individuals with autism. Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities 2007, 22(1):14-22.
21. Green D., Baird G., Barnett A.L., Henderson K., Huber J., Henderson S.E. The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger's Syndrome: A comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2002, 43(5):655-668.
22. Halsband U., Lange R.K. Motor learnig in man: A review of functional and clinical studies. Journal of Physiology 2006, 99(4-6):414-424.
23. Herbert M., Ziegler D.A., Deutsch C.K., O'Brien L.M., Kennedy D.N., Filipek P.A., et al. Brain asymmetries in autism and developmental language disorder: A nested whole-brain analysis. Brain 2005, 128(1):213-226.
24. Honda M., Deiber M.P., Ibanez V., Pascual-leone A., Zhuang P., Hallet M. Dynamic cortical involvment in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning. A PET study. Brain 1998, 121(pt 11):2159-2173.
25. Kasechi M. Validity and reliability of Persian version of Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire 2010, Master, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Faculty of rehabilitation.
26. Kriete T., Noelle D.C. Implicit learning deficits in autism: A neurocomputational account program in cognitive science 2009, 899-904. University of California, Merced, CA.
27. Kurtz L. Understanding motor skills in children with dyspraxia, ADHD, autism, and other learning disabilities: A guide to improving coordination 2007, Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
28. Larson J.C.G., Mostofsky S.H. Evidence that the pattern of visuomotor sequence learning is altered in children with autism. Autism Research 2008, 1(6):341-353.
29. Mandich A., Polatajko H., Missiuna C., Miller L. Cognitive strategiesand motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder. Physical and Occuptional Therapy in Pediatrics 2001, 20(2/3):125-143.
30. Manjiviona J., Prior M. Comparison of Asperger Syndrome and high functioning autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1995, 25(1):23-39.
31. Matson J., Mahan S., Kozlowski A., Shoemaker M. Developmental milestones in toddlers with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder - Not otherwise specified and atypical development. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 2010, 13(4):239-247.
32. Mattingly S.M. The experiences of an occupational therapist delivering occupation-based practices at a skilled nursing facility 2012, (Online theses and dessertations), Eastern Kentucky University.
33. Memari A.H., Ziaee V., Shayestehfar M., Ghanouni P., Mansournia M.A., Moshayedi P. Cognitive flexibility impairments in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Links to age, gender and child outcomes. Research in Developmental Disabilities 2013, 34(10):3218-3225.
34. Missiuna C., Malloy-Miller T., Mandich A.D. Cognitive, or "Top-Down", approaches to intervention Canada: Neurodevelopmental clinical research unit (NCRU) 1998.
35. Missiuna C., Mandich A.D., Polatajko H.J., Malloy-Miller T. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (COOP): Part I. Theoretical foundations. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 2001, 20(2/3):69-81.
36. Mostofesky S.H., Goldberg M., Landa R., Denckla M. Evidencefor a deficit in procedural learning in children and adolescents with autism, implications for cerebellar contribution. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society 2000, 6(7):752-759.
37. Müller R.-A., Cauich C., Rubio M.A., Mizuno A., Courchesne E. Abnormal activity patterns in premotor cortex during sequence learning in autistic patients. Biological Psychiatry 2004, 56(6):323-332. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.007.
38. Nemeth D., Janacsek K., Balogh V., Londe Z., Mingesz R., Fazekas M., et al. Learning in autism. Implicity superb. PLoS ONE 2010, 5(7):E11731.
39. Nissen M.J., Bullemer P. Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology 1987, 19(1):1-32. 10.1016/0010-0285(87)90002-8.
40. Oldfield R. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 1971, 9(1):97-113.
41. Pierce D. Occupation by design: Dimensions, therapeutic power, and creative process. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2001, 55(3):249-259.
42. Polatajko H.J., mandich A.D., Missiuna C., Miller L.T., Mancnab J.J., Malloy-Miller T., et al. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (COOP): Part III. The protocol in brief. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 2001, 20(2/3):107-123.
43. Rauch S., Savage D.R., Brown H.D., Curran T., Alpert N.M., Kendrick A., et al. A PET investigation of implicit and explicit sequence learning. Human Brain Mapping 1995, 3(4):271-286.
44. Reber A.S., Walkenfeld F.F., Hernstadt R. Implicit and explicit learning: Individual differences and IQ. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1991, 17(5):888-896. 10.1037/0278-7393.17.5.888.
45. Rinehart N.J., Bradshaw J.L., Brereton A.V., Tonge B.J. Movement preparation in high-functioning autism and asperger disorder: A serial choice reaction time task involving motor reprogramming. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2001, 31(1):79-88.
46. Robertson E.M. The serial reaction time task: Implicit motor skill learning?. The Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27(38):10073-10075.
47. Rodger S., Brandenburg J. Cognitive orientation to (daily) occupational performance (CO-OP) with children with Asperger's syndrome who have motor-based occupational performance goals. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 2008, 56(1):41-50. 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2008.00739.x.
48. Rodger S., Pham C., Mitchell S. Cognitive strategy use by children with Asperger's syndrome during intervention for motor-based goals. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 2009, 56:103-111. 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00719.x.
49. Rodger S., Polatajko H.J. Cognitive orientation for daily occupational performance (CO-OP): A uniquely occupation-centred intervention created for children. Occupation-centred practice with children: A practical guide for occupational therapists 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford UK. S. Rodger (Ed.).
50. Schaaf R.C., Schoen S.A., Smith Roley S., Lane S.J., Koomar J., TA M.-B. A frame of reference for sensory integration. Frame of refernce for pediatric occupational therapy 2010, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolter Kluwer. 3rd ed. P. Kramer, J. Hinojosa (Eds.).
51. Taylor J.A., Ivry R.B. Implicit and explicit processes in motor learning. Action science 2013, 63-87. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. P.W.M. Beisert, A. Herwig (Eds.).
52. Tomchek S., Case-Smith J. Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for children and adolescent with autism 2009, American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), Bethesda, MD.
53. Travers B., Klinger M.R., Mussey J.L., Klinger L.G. Motor-linked implicit learning in persons with autism disorders. Autism Research 2010, 3(2):68-77.
54. Watanabe k., Ikeda H., Miyao M. Learning efficiacy of explicit visuomotor sequences in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Asperger Syndrome. Experimental Brain Research 2010, 203(1):233-239. 10.1007/s00221-010-2217-3.
55. Williams D.L., Goldstein G., Minshew N.J. The profile of memory function in children with autism. Neuropsychology 2006, 20(1):21-29.
56. Zwicker J.G., Harris S.R. A reflection on motor learning theory in pediatric occupational therapy practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2009, 76(1):29-37.