High-nitrate vegetable diet increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduces blood pressure in healthy women

Public Health Nutrition

Volumn 18, Issue 14, 2015, Pages 2669-2678

  Ashworth, Ann ^a   Mitchell, Klaus ^a   Blackwell, Jamie R ^a   Vanhatalo, Anni ^a   Jones, Andrew M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Nitrate; Nitrite; Vegetables

Indexed keywords

NITRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; NITRITE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHEMISTRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DIET; DIET THERAPY; DRUG EFFECTS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REFERENCE VALUE; VEGETABLE; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DIET; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; NITRATES; NITRITES; REFERENCE VALUES; VEGETABLES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84941942508     PISSN: 13689800     EISSN: 14752727     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015000038     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2011) NICE clinical guideline 127: Hypertension: clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13561/56008/56008.pdf (accessed July 2013).
2. Seshadri S, Beiser A, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. (2006) The lifetime risk of stroke: estimates from the Framingham Study. Stroke 37, 345-350.
3. Joshipura KJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, et al. (2001) The effect of fruit and vegetables intake on risk for coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med 134, 1106-1114.
4. Hung H-C, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R, et al. (2004) Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 96, 1577-1584.
5. European Food Safety Authority (2008) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission to perform a scientific risk assessment on nitrate in vegetables. EFSA J 689, 1-79.
6. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, et al. (2013) Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. J Nutr 143, 818-826.
7. Kapil V, Milsom AB, Okorie M, et al. (2010) Inorganic nitrate supplementation lowers blood pressure in humans. Hypertension 56, 274-281.
8. Dunne FP, Barry DG, Ferriss JB, et al. (1991) Changes in blood pressure during the normal menstrual cycle. Clin Sci (Lond) 81, 515-518.
9. Larsen FJ, Ekblom B, Sahlin K, et al. (2006) Effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 355, 2792-2793.
10. Lundberg JO, Carlstrom M, Larsen FJ, et al. (2011) Roles of dietary inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 89, 525-532.
11. Cosby K, Partovi KS, Crawford JH, et al. (2003) Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation. Nat Med 9, 1498-1505.
12. NHS Choices (2011) Why 5 A Day?. http://www.nhs.uk/ Livewell/5ADAY/Pages/Why5ADAY.aspx (accessed August 2013).
13. He FJ, Nowson CA & MacGregor GA (2006) Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-Analysis of cohort studies. Lancet 367, 320-326.
14. Barona J, Aristizabal JC, Blesso CN, et al. (2012) Grape polyphenols reduce blood pressure and increase flowmediated vasodilation in men with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 142, 1626-1632.
15. Perez-Vizcaino F & Duarte J (2010) Flavonols and cardiovascular disease. Mol Aspects Med 31, 478-494.
16. Hord NG, Tang Y & Bryan NS (2009) Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiological context for potential health benefits. Am J Clin Nutr 90, 1-10.
17. McKnight GM, Duncan CW, Leifert C, et al. (1999) Dietary nitrate in man: friend or foe?. Br J Nutr 81, 349-358.
18. World Health Organization (2002) Evaluation of Certain Food Additives. Fifty-Ninth Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Geneva: WHO.
19. World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer (2010) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. vol. 94: Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite, and Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxins. Lyon: IARC.
20. Sobko T, Marcus C, Govoni M, et al. (2010) Dietary nitrate in Japanese traditional food lowers diastolic blood pressure in healthy volunteers. Nitric Oxide 22, 136-140.
21. Blumenthal J, Babyak MA, Hinderliter A, et al. (2010) Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 170, 126-135.
22. Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, et al. (2002) Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 136, 493-503.
23. Govoni M, Jansson EA, Weitzberg E, et al. (2008) The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash. Nitric Oxide 19, 333-337.
24. Santamaria P, Elia A, Serio F, et al. (1999) A survey of nitrate and oxalate content in fresh vegetables. J Sci Food Agric 79, 1882-1888.
25. Food Standards Agency (2004) Retail Salad Survey. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/webpage/retailsaladsurvey (accessed April 2013).
26. Lidder S & Webb AJ (2012) Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75, 677-696.
27. NHS Choices (2011) Rough guide-Fruit & vegetable portion sizes. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/5ADAY/Documents/ Downloads/5ADAY-portion-guide.pdf (accessed August 2013).
28. Food Standards Agency (2002) McCance and Widdowsons The Composition of Foods, Sixth Summary Edition. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
29. Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, et al. (2009) Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 107, 1144-1155.
30. Berry SE, Mulla UZ, Chowienczyk PJ, et al. (2010) Increased potassium intake from fruit and vegetables or supplements does not lower blood pressure or improve vascular function in UK men and women with early hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 104, 1839-1847.
31. Sanders T (2007) A dose response study of the effects of increased fruit and vegetable intake on vascular function. http://www.foodbase.org.uk//admintools/reportdocuments/74-116-N02030-Final-report.pdf (accessed August 2013).
32. Hobbs DA, Kaffa N, George TW, et al. (2012) Blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and novel beetroot-enriched bread products in normotensive male subjects. Br J Nutr 108, 2066-2074.
33. Health and Social Care Information Centre (2012) Health Survey for England 2011. http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/ PUB09300 (accessed October 2013).
34. Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, et al. (2010) Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and the physiological responses to moderateintensity and incremental exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299, R1121-R1131.
35. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzaneck E, et al. (1997) A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N Engl J Med 336, 1117-1124.
36. Harnden KE, Frayn KN, Hodson L, et al. (2009) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet: applicability and acceptability to a UK population. J Hum Nutr Diet 23, 3-10.
37. Dickinson HO, Nicolson D, Campbell F, et al. (2006) Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev issue 3, CD004641.
38. Dickinson HO, Nicolson D, Campbell F, et al. (2006) Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev issue 3, CD004640.
39. Dickinson HO, Nicolson D, Cook JV, et al. (2006) Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev issue 3, CD004639.
40. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, et al. (2012) Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev issue 3, CD007176.
41. Neveu V, Perez-Jimenez J, Vos F, et al. (2010) Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods. http://www.phenol-explorer.eu (accessed July 2013).
42. He FJ & MacGregor GA (2003) How far should salt intake be reduced?. Hypertension 42, 1093-1099.
43. National Audit Office (2010) Progress in improving stroke care. http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/ 0910291.pdf (accessed July 2013).