A point of care test for the determination of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and the chemokine CXCL-10/IP-10

Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 28, Issue 13, 2015, Pages 1510-1519

  Chaemsaithong, Piya ^a,b   Romero, Roberto ^a,b,c,d   Korzeniewski, Steven J ^a,b,d   Dong, Zhong ^a   Yeo, Lami ^a,b   Hassan, Sonia S ^a,b   Kim, Yeon Mee ^a,e   Yoon, Bo Hyun ^a,f   Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn ^a,b  

^a EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e Inje University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^f Seoul National University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Amniocentesis; chronic chorioamnionitis; interferon inducible protein 10 (IP 10); intra amniotic inflammation infection; lateral flow based immunoassay; MIAC; prematurity; sterile inflammation

Indexed keywords

GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 6; CXCL10 PROTEIN, HUMAN; IL6 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; AMNION FLUID ANALYSIS; AMNION FLUID LEVEL; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LATERAL FLOW BASED IMMUNOASSAY; POINT OF CARE TESTING; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; AMNION FLUID; CHEMISTRY; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; FETAL MEMBRANES, PREMATURE RUPTURE; METABOLISM; OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE; POINT OF CARE SYSTEM; PROCEDURES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AMNIOTIC FLUID; CHEMOKINE CXCL10; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, ROUTINE; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; FETAL MEMBRANES, PREMATURE RUPTURE; HUMANS; IMMUNOASSAY; INTERLEUKIN-6; OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS; PREGNANCY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84941206228     PISSN: 14767058     EISSN: 14764954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.961417     Document Type: Article

References (178)

1. Romero R, Mazor M. Infection and preterm labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1988;31:553-84.
2. Gibbs RS, Romero R, Hillier SL, et al. A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:1515-28.
3. Romero R, Mazor M, Munoz H, et al. The preterm labor syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;734:414-29.
4. Romero R, Gomez R, Mazor M, et al. The preterm labor syndrome. In: Elder MG, Romero R, Lamont RF, eds. Preterm labor. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1997:29-49.
5. Romero R, Gomez R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. The role of infection in preterm labour and delivery. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001;15:41-56.
6. Romero R, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, et al. The preterm parturition syndrome. BJOG 2006;113:17-42.
7. Romero R, Espinoza J, Goncalves LF, et al. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Semin Reprod Med 2007;25:21-39.
8. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, et al. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008;371:75-84.
9. th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2009:521-43.
10. Kemp MW, Saito M, Newnham JP, et al. Preterm birth, infection, and inflammation advances from the study of animal models. Reprod Sci 2010;17:619-28.
11. Bastek JA, Gomez LM, Elovitz MA. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Clin Perinatol 2011;38:385-406.
12. Agrawal V, Hirsch E. Intrauterine infection and preterm labor. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;17:12-19.
13. Romero R, Dey SK, Fisher SJ. Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes. Science 2014;345:760-65.
14. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet 2005;365:891-900.
15. March of dimes. Premature birth. White Plains, NY: March of dimes; 2009.
16. O'Shea TM, Allred EN, Dammann O, et al. The ELGAN study of the brain and related disorders in extremely low gestational age newborns. Early Hum Dev 2009;85:719-25.
17. Deutsch A, Deutsch E, Totten C, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes based on the gestational age of midtrimester preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23:1429-34.
18. Picone S, Paolillo P. Neonatal outcomes in a population of late-preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23:116-20.
19. World Health Organization. Born too soon: the global action report in preterm birth. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication: World Health Organization; 2012.
20. Bastek JA, Sammel MD, Rebele EC, et al. The effects of a preterm labor episode prior to 34 weeks are evident in late preterm outcomes, despite the administration of betamethasone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:140 e141-7.
21. Teune MJ, van Wassenaer AG, van Dommelen P, et al. Perinatal risk indicators for long-term neurological morbidity among preterm neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:396 e391-6 e314.
22. Kamath BD, Marcotte MP, DeFranco EA. Neonatal morbidity after documented fetal lung maturity in late preterm and early term infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:518 e511-18.
23. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet 2012;379:2162-72.
24. Keunen K, Kersbergen KJ, Groenendaal F, et al. Brain tissue volumes in preterm infants: prematurity, perinatal risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcome: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:89-100.
25. Ferrari F, Gallo C, Pugliese M, et al. Preterm birth and developmental problems in the preschool age. Part I: minor motor problems. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:2154-59.
26. Gulati S, Agrawal S, Raghunandan C, et al. Maternal serum interleukin-6 and its association with clinicopathological infectious morbidity in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a prospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:1428-32.
27. Grobman WA, Lai Y, Rouse DJ, et al. The association of cerebral palsy and death with small-for-gestational-age birthweight in preterm neonates by individualized and population-based percentiles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;209:340 e341-5.
28. Hamilton BE, Hoyert DL, Martin JA, et al. Annual summary of vital statistics: 2010-2011. Pediatrics 2013;131:548-58.
29. Sun L, Yue H, Sun B, et al. Estimation of birth population-based perinatal-neonatal mortality and preterm rate in China from a regional survey in 2010. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26:1641-8.
30. Acaia B, Crovetto F, Ossola MW, et al. Predictive factors for neonatal survival in women with periviable preterm rupture of the membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26:1628-34.
31. Strunk T, Inder T, Wang X, et al. Infection-induced inflammation and cerebral injury in preterm infants. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:751-62.
32. Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Oza S, et al. Every newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. Lancet 2014;384:189-205.
33. Herber-Jonat S, Streiftau S, Knauss E, et al. Long-term outcome at age 7-10 years after extreme prematurity - a prospective, two centre cohort study of children born before 25 completed weeks of gestation (1999-2003). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Bastek JA, Weber AL, McShea MA, et al. Prenatal inflammation is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:450.e1-450.e10.
35. Manuck TA, Sheng X, Yoder BA, et al. Correlation between initial neonatal and early childhood outcomes following preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:426 e421-29.
36. Garite TJ, Freeman RK, Linzey EM, et al. The use of amniocentesis in patients with premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1979;54:226-30.
37. Bobitt JR, Hayslip CC, Damato JD. Amniotic fluid infection as determined by transabdominal amniocentesis in patients with intact membranes in premature labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;140:947-52.
38. Wallace RL, Herrick CN. Amniocentesis in the evaluation of premature labor. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57:483-86.
39. Minkoff H. Prematurity: infection as an etiologic factor. Obstet Gynecol 1983;62:137-44.
40. Cotton DB, Hill LM, Strassner HT, et al. Use of amniocentesis in preterm gestation with ruptured membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:38-43.
41. Leigh J, Garite TJ. Amniocentesis and the management of premature labor. Obstet Gynecol 1986;67:500-6.
42. Romero R, Quintero R, Oyarzun E, et al. Intraamniotic infection and the onset of labor in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;159:661-66.
43. Romero R, Emamian M, Quintero R, et al. The value and limitations of the Gram stain examination in the diagnosis of intraamniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;159:114-19.
44. Romero R, Mazor M, Wu YK, et al. Infection in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. Semin Perinatol 1988;12:262-79.
45. Asrat T, Nageotte MP, Garite TJ, et al. Gram stain results from amniocentesis in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes-comparison of maternal and fetal characteristics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:887-89.
46. Dudley J, Malcolm G, Ellwood D. Amniocentesis in the management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;31:331-36.
47. Romero R, Quintero R, Nores J, et al. Amniotic fluid white blood cell count: a rapid and simple test to diagnose microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and predict preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:821-30.
48. Romero R, Mazor M, Morrotti R, et al. Infection and labor. VII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in spontaneous rupture of membranes at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:129-33.
49. Romero R, Yoon BH, Mazor M, et al. A comparative study of the diagnostic performance of amniotic fluid glucose, white blood cell count, interleukin-6, and gram stain in the detection of microbial invasion in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:839-51.
50. Romero R, Yoon BH, Mazor M, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic value of amniotic fluid white blood cell count, glucose, interleukin-6, and gram stain in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:805-16.
51. Romero R, Nores J, Mazor M, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity during term labor. Prevalence and clinical significance. J Reprod Med 1993;38:543-48.
52. Gomez R, Romero R, Galasso M, et al. The value of amniotic fluid interleukin-6, white blood cell count, and gram stain in the diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients at term. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994;32:200-10.
53. Blackwell SC, Berry SM. Role of amniocentesis for the diagnosis of subclinical intra-amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1999;11:541-7.
54. Jacobsson B, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Andersch B, et al. Microbial invasion and cytokine response in amniotic fluid in a Swedish population of women in preterm labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:120-8.
55. Jacobsson B, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Andersch B, et al. Microbial invasion and cytokine response in amniotic fluid in a Swedish population of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:423-31.
56. Broekhuizen FF, Gilman M, Hamilton PR. Amniocentesis for gram stain and culture in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:316-21.
57. Yoon BH, Romero R, Moon JB, et al. Clinical significance of intraamniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1130-6.
58. Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Sterile intraamniotic inflammation is more frequent than microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol (submitted). 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
59. Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. A novel molecular microbiologic technique for the rapid diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic infection in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014;71:330-58.
60. Romero R, Miranda J, Chaemsaithong P, et al. Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med (submitted). 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
61. Romero R, Kadar N, Miranda J, et al. The diagnostic performance of the Mass Restricted (MR) score in the identification of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intra-amniotic inflammation is not superior to amniotic fluid interleukin-6. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014;27:757-69.
62. Miller Jr JM, Pupkin MJ, Hill GB. Bacterial colonization of amniotic fluid from intact fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;136:796-804.
63. Wahbeh CJ, Hill GB, Eden RD, et al. Intra-amniotic bacterial colonization in premature labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148:739-43.
64. Hameed C, Tejani N, Verma UL, et al. Silent chorioamnionitis as a cause of preterm labor refractory to tocolytic therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;149:726-30.
65. Gravett MG, Hummel D, Eschenbach DA, et al. Preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1986;67:229-37.
66. Romero R, Sirtori M, Oyarzun E, et al. Infection and labor. V. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:817-24.
67. Skoll MA, Moretti ML, Sibai BM. The incidence of positive amniotic fluid cultures in patients preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:813-16.
68. Romero R, Avila C, Santhanam U, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin 6 in preterm labor. Association with infection. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1392-400.
69. Romero R, Jimenez C, Lohda AK, et al. Amniotic fluid glucose concentration: a rapid and simple method for the detection of intraamniotic infection in preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:968-74.
70. Gauthier DW, Meyer WJ, Bieniarz A. Correlation of amniotic fluid glucose concentration and intraamniotic infection in patients with preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:1105-10.
71. Coultrip LL, Grossman JH. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests in the detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1231-42.
72. Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, et al. The association of occult amniotic fluid infection with gestational age and neonatal outcome among women in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:351-57.
73. Gomez R, Romero R, Ghezzi F, et al. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:194-202.
74. Hussey MJ, Levy ES, Pombar X, et al. Evaluating rapid diagnostic tests of intra-amniotic infection: Gram stain, amniotic fluid glucose level, and amniotic fluid to serum glucose level ratio. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:650-56.
75. Rizzo G, Capponi A, Vlachopoulou A, et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and interleukin-8 concentrations in cervical secretions predict intrauterine infection in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;12:86-92.
76. Yoon BH, Chang JW, Romero R. Isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum from the amniotic cavity and adverse outcome in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:77-82.
77. Elimian A, Figueroa R, Canterino J, et al. Amniotic fluid complement C3 as a marker of intra-amniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:72-6.
78. Oyarzun E, Yamamoto M, Kato S, et al. Specific detection of 16 micro-organisms in amniotic fluid by polymerase chain reaction and its correlation with preterm delivery occurrence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1115-19.
79. Gonzalez-Bosquet E, Cerqueira MJ, Dominguez C, et al. Amniotic fluid glucose and cytokines values in the early diagnosis of amniotic infection in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Med 1999;8:155-8.
80. Locksmith GJ, Clark P, Duff P, et al. Amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in women with preterm labor and suspected intra-amniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:1-6.
81. Garite TJ, Freeman RK. Chorioamnionitis in the preterm gestation. Obstet Gynecol 1982;59:539-45.
82. Zlatnik FJ, Cruikshank DP, Petzold CR, et al. Amniocentesis in the identification of inapparent infection in preterm patients with premature rupture of the membranes. J Reprod Med 1984;29:656-60.
83. Feinstein SJ, Vintzileos AM, Lodeiro JG, et al. Amniocentesis with premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1986;68:147-52.
84. Romero R, Emamian M, Wan M, et al. The value of the leukocyte esterase test in diagnosing intra-amniotic infection. Am J Perinatol 1988;5:64-69.
85. Yoon BH, Jun JK, Park KH, et al. Serum C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and amniotic fluid white blood cell count in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:1034-40.
86. Romero R, Gonzalez R, Sepulveda W, et al. Infection and labor. VIII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients with suspected cervical incompetence: prevalence and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1086-91.
87. Mays JK, Figueroa R, Shah J, et al. Amniocentesis for selection before rescue cerclage. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:652-55.
88. Lee SE, Romero R, Park CW, et al. The frequency and significance of intraamniotic inflammation in patients with cervical insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:633 e631-38.
89. Bujold E, Morency AM, Rallu F, et al. Bacteriology of amniotic fluid in women with suspected cervical insufficiency. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2008;30:882-87.
90. Hassan S, Romero R, Hendler I, et al. A sonographic short cervix as the only clinical manifestation of intra-amniotic infection. J Perinat Med 2006;34:13-9.
91. Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Sterile intraamniotic inflammation in asymptomatic patients with a sonographic short cervix: prevalance and clinical significance. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
92. Gomez R, Romero R, Nien JK, et al. Idiopathic vaginal bleeding during pregnancy as the only clinical manifestation of intrauterine infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005;18:31-7.
93. Lee SE, Romero R, Jung H, et al. The intensity of the fetal inflammatory response in intraamniotic inflammation with and without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:294 e291-6.
94. Combs CA, Gravett M, Garite TJ, et al. Amniotic fluid infection, inflammation, and colonization in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:125 e121-5 e115.
95. Romero R, Manogue KR, Mitchell MD, et al. Infection and labor. IV. Cachectin-tumor necrosis factor in the amniotic fluid of women with intraamniotic infection and preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:336-41.
96. Romero R, Sepulveda W, Kenney JS, et al. Interleukin 6 determination in the detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Ciba Found Symp 1992;167:205-20 (discussion 220-3).
97. Romero R, Mazor M, Sepulveda W, et al. Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:1576-87.
98. Romero R, Mazor M, Brandt F, et al. Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in preterm and term human parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol 1992;27:117-23.
99. Hillier SL, Witkin SS, Krohn MA, et al. The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines and preterm delivery, amniotic fluid infection, histologic chorioamnionitis, and chorioamnion infection. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:941-8.
100. Romero R, Yoon BH, Kenney JS, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 determinations are of diagnostic and prognostic value in preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993;30:167-83.
101. Yoon BH, Romero R, Kim CJ, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: a sensitive test for antenatal diagnosis of acute inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta and prediction of perinatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:960-70.
102. Romero R, Gomez R, Ghezzi F, et al. A fetal systemic inflammatory response is followed by the spontaneous onset of preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:186-93.
103. Athayde N, Romero R, Maymon E, et al. Interleukin 16 in pregnancy, parturition, rupture of fetal membranes, and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:135-41.
104. Leslie KK, Lee SL, Woodcock SM, et al. Acute intrauterine infection results in an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pregnant rabbit. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000;43:305-11.
105. Blank V, Hirsch E, Challis JR, et al. Cytokine signaling, inflammation, innate immunity and preterm labour - a workshop report. Placenta 2008;29:S102-4.
106. Ilievski V, Hirsch E. Synergy between viral and bacterial toll-like receptors leads to amplification of inflammatory responses and preterm labor in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2010;83:767-73.
107. Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Palacio M, et al. Intra-amniotic inflammatory response in subgroups of women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. PLoS One 2012;7:e43677.
108. Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Holst RM, et al. Intra-amniotic inflammation predicts microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity but not spontaneous preterm delivery in preterm prelabor membrane rupture. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012;91:930-5.
109. Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Jacobsson B, et al. Cervical and vaginal fluid soluble Toll-like receptor 2 in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
110. Cobo T, Jacobsson B, Kacerovsky M, et al. Systemic and local inflammatory response in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. PLoS One 2014;9:e85277.
111. Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Jacobsson B, et al. Vaginal fluid IL-6 and IL-8 levels in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor membrane ruptures. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
112. Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Jacobsson B, et al. Cervical fluid IL-6 and IL-8 levels in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
113. Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Hornychova H, et al. Bedside assessment of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
114. Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Andrys C, et al. Prelabor rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks: the intraamniotic inflammatory response and neonatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:325 e321-25 e310.
115. Romero R, Ceska M, Avila C, et al. Neutrophil attractant/activating peptide-1/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:813-20.
116. Cherouny PH, Pankuch GA, Romero R, et al. Neutrophil attractant/activating peptide-1/interleukin-8: association with histologic chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, and bioactive amniotic fluid leukoattractants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:1299-303.
117. Romero R, Gomez R, Galasso M, et al. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in term and preterm parturition: effect of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994;32:108-13.
118. Cohen J, Ghezzi F, Romero R, et al. GRO alpha in the fetomaternal and amniotic fluid compartments during pregnancy and parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996;35:23-9.
119. Hsu CD, Meaddough E, Aversa K, et al. The role of amniotic fluid L-selectin, GRO-alpha, and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of intraamniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:428-32.
120. Esplin MS, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is increased in the amniotic fluid of women who deliver preterm in the presence or absence of intra-amniotic infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005;17:365-73.
121. Gotsch F, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: a role for interleukin-10. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:529-47.
122. Athayde N, Edwin SS, Romero R, et al. A role for matrix metalloproteinase-9 in spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1248-53.
123. Maymon E, Romero R, Pacora P, et al. Evidence for the participation of interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1) in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:914-20.
124. Maymon E, Romero R, Pacora P, et al. Human neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8) in parturition, premature rupture of the membranes, and intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:94-9.
125. Maymon E, Romero R, Pacora P, et al. Matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7) in parturition, premature rupture of membranes, and intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1545-53.
126. Maymon E, Romero R, Pacora P, et al. A role for the 72 kDa gelatinase (MMP-2) and its inhibitor (TIMP-2) in human parturition, premature rupture of membranes and intraamniotic infection. J Perinat Med 2001;29:308-16.
127. Helmig BR, Romero R, Espinoza J, et al. Neutrophil elastase and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in prelabor rupture of membranes, parturition and intra-amniotic infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;12:237-46.
128. Park KH, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim YM, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 in parturition, premature rupture of the membranes, and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. J Perinat Med 2003;31:12-22.
129. Kim KW, Romero R, Park HS, et al. A rapid matrix metalloproteinase-8 bedside test for the detection of intraamniotic inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:292 e291-95.
130. Romero R, Quintero R, Emamian M, et al. Arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolites in amniotic fluid of women with intraamniotic infection and preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:1454-60.
131. Romero R, Emamian M, Wan M, et al. Prostaglandin concentrations in amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection and preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:1461-7.
132. Romero R, Wu YK, Sirtori M, et al. Amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) and 11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11, 16-cyclo-prostaglandin E2 (PGEM-LL) in preterm labor. Prostaglandins 1989;37:149-61.
133. Mazor M, Wiznitzer A, Maymon E, et al. Changes in amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in women with preterm labor. Isr J Med Sci. 1990;26:425-8.
134. Mazaki-Tovi S, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. Visfatin/Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy, spontaneous labor at term, preterm labor and prelabor rupture of membranes: an association with subclinical intrauterine infection in preterm parturition. J Perinat Med 2008;36:485-96.
135. Soto E, Romero R, Richani K, et al. Evidence for complement activation in the amniotic fluid of women with spontaneous preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:983-92.
136. Vaisbuch E, Romero R, Erez O, et al. Fragment Bb in amniotic fluid: evidence for complement activation by the alternative pathway in women with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:905-16.
137. Cobo T, Palacio M, Martinez-Terron M, et al. Clinical and inflammatory markers in amniotic fluid as predictors of adverse outcomes in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;205:126 e121-28.
138. Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Khatibi A, et al. Intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria: analysis of multiple amniotic fluid proteins in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:2014-19.
139. Kacerovsky M, Drahosova M, Krejsek J, et al. Amniotic fluid CD200 levels in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26:1416-24.
140. Andrys C, Kacerovsky M, Drahosova M, et al. Amniotic fluid soluble Toll-like receptor 2 in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26:520-7.
141. Gauthier DW, Meyer WJ. Comparison of gram stain, leukocyte esterase activity, and amniotic fluid glucose concentration in predicting amniotic fluid culture results in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1092-5.
142. Yoon BH, Romero R, Jun JK, et al. Amniotic fluid cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8) and the risk for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:825-30.
143. Ghezzi F, Gomez R, Romero R, et al. Elevated interleukin-8 concentrations in amniotic fluid of mothers whose neonates subsequently develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998;78:5-10.
144. Coultrip LL, Lien JM, Gomez R, et al. The value of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 determination in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes in the detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:901-11.
145. Greci LS, Gilson GJ, Nevils B, et al. Is amniotic fluid analysis the key to preterm labor? A model using interleukin-6 for predicting rapid delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:172-8.
146. El-Bastawissi AY, Williams MA, Riley DE, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and preterm delivery: a review. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:1056-64.
147. Wei SQ, Fraser W, Luo ZC. Inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2010;116:393-401.
148. Conde-Agudelo A, Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, et al. Novel biomarkers for the prediction of the spontaneous preterm birth phenotype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2011;118:1042-54.
149. Schefold JC, Hasper D, von Haehling S, et al. Interleukin-6 serum level assessment using a new qualitative point-of-care test in sepsis: a comparison with ELISA measurements. Clin Biochem 2008;41:893-8.
150. Meem M, Modak JK, Mortuza R, et al. Biomarkers for diagnosis of neonatal infections: a systematic analysis of their potential as a point-of-care diagnostics. J Glob Health 2011;1:201-9.
151. Batfalsky A, Lohr A, Heussen N, et al. Diagnostic value of an interleukin-6 bedside test in term and preterm neonates at the time of clinical suspicion of early- and late-onset bacterial infection. Neonatology 2012;102:37-44.
152. Dengler J, Schefold JC, Graetz D, et al. Point-of-care testing for interleukin-6 in cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Med Sci Monit 2008;14:BR265-68.
153. Vousden N, Chandiramani M, Seed P, et al. Interleukin-6 bedside testing in women at high risk of preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011;24:1301-4.
154. Berthiaume M, Rousseau E, Rola-Pleszczynski M, et al. Rapid evaluation of the absence of inflammation after rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014;27:865-9.
155. Kim CJ, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. The frequency, clinical significance, and pathological features of chronic chorioamnionitis: a lesion associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Mod Pathol 2010;23:1000-11.
156. Lee J, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. Maternal HLA panel-reactive antibodies in early gestation positively correlate with chronic chorioamnionitis: evidence in support of the chronic nature of maternal anti-fetal rejection. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011;66:510-26.
157. Lee J, Kim JS, Park JW, et al. Chronic chorioamnionitis is the most common placental lesion in late preterm birth. Placenta 2013;34:681-9.
158. Pacora P, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, et al. Funisitis and chorionic vasculitis: the histological counterpart of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;11:18-25.
159. Redline RW, Heller D, Keating S, et al. Placental diagnostic criteria and clinical correlation-a workshop report. Placenta 2005;26:S114-17.
160. Redline RW. Inflammatory responses in the placenta and umbilical cord. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;11:296-301.
161. Santhanam U, Avila C, Romero R, et al. Cytokines in normal and abnormal parturition: elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels in women with premature rupture of membranes associated with intrauterine infection. Cytokine 1991;3:155-63.
162. Romero R, Galasso M, Gomez R, et al. A comparative study of the value of amniotic fluid interleukin-6, white blood cell count and gram stain in the diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients with spontaneous labor at term. Annual Meeting of the Society of Perinatal Obstetricians; 1998; Las Vegas, NV, A250.
163. Andrews WW, Hauth JC, Goldenberg RL, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:606-12.
164. Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum is associated with a robust host response in fetal, amniotic, and maternal compartments. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1254-60.
165. Yoon BH, Romero R, Moon JB, et al. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with a positive cervical fetal fibronectin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1137-42.
166. Yoon BH, Romero R, Lim JH, et al. The clinical significance of detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum by the polymerase chain reaction in the amniotic fluid of patients with preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:919-24.
167. DiGiulio DB, Romero R, Amogan HP, et al. Microbial prevalence, diversity and abundance in amniotic fluid during preterm labor: a molecular and culture-based investigation. PLoS One 2008;3:e3056.
168. DiGiulio DB, Gervasi M, Romero R, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preeclampsia as assessed by cultivation and sequence-based methods. J Perinat Med 2010;38:503-13.
169. Madan I, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation in women with placenta previa and vaginal bleeding: an unexpected observation. J Perinat Med 2010;38:275-9.
170. Gervasi MT, Romero R, Bracalente G, et al. Midtrimester amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10: evidence for heterogeneity of intraamniotic inflammation and associations with spontaneous early (<32 weeks) and late (>32 weeks) preterm delivery. J Perinat Med 2012;40:329-43.
171. Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Romero R, et al. Premature labor and intraamniotic infection. Clinical aspects and role of the cytokines in diagnosis and pathophysiology. Clin Perinatol 1995;22:281-342.
172. Lee J, Oh KJ, Yang HJ, et al. The importance of intra-amniotic inflammation in the subsequent development of atypical chronic lung disease. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:917-23.
173. Kim SM, Romero R, Lee J, et al. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm uterine contractility but without cervical change: do the diagnostic criteria for preterm labor need to be changed? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:1212-21.
174. Lee J, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Characterization of the fetal blood transcriptome and proteome in maternal anti-fetal rejection: evidence of a distinct and novel type of human fetal systemic inflammatory response. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013;70:265-84.
175. Gutierres SL, Welty TE. Point-of-care testing: an introduction. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:119-25.
176. Kost GJ, Tran NK. Point-of-care testing and cardiac biomarkers: the standard of care and vision for chest pain centers. Cardiol Clin 2005;23:467-90, vi.
177. Lewandrowski K. Point-of-care testing: an overview and a look to the future (circa 2009, United States). Clin Lab Med 2009;29:421-32.
178. Pfafflin A, Schleicher E. Inflammation markers in point-of-care testing (POCT). Anal Bioanal Chem 2009;393:1473-80.