Biomarkers for diagnosis of neonatal infections: A systematic analysis of their potential as a point-of-care diagnostics

Journal of Global Health

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 201-209

  Meem, Mahbuba ^a   Modak, Joyanta K ^a   Mortuza, Roman ^a   Morshed, Mahboob ^a   Islam, Mohammad Shahidul ^a   Saha, Samir K ^a  

^a DHAKA SHISHU HOSPITAL   (Bangladesh)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878208243     PISSN: 20472978     EISSN: 20472986     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Thaver D, Zaidi AK. Burden of neonatal infections in developing countries: a review of evidence from community-based studies. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:S3-9
2. Ahmad OB, Lopez AD, Inoue M. The decline in child mortality: a reappraisal. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78:1175-1191
3. Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet. 2005;365:1147-1152
4. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J, Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. 4 million neonatal deaths: When? Where? Why? Lancet. 2005;365:891-900
5. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:1969-1987
6. Baqui AH, El-Arifeen S, Darmstadt GL, Ahmed S, Williams EK, Seraji HR, et al; Projahnmo Study Group. Effect of community-based newborn-care intervention package implemented through two service-delivery strategies in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:1936-1944
7. Qazi SA, and Stoll BJ. Neonatal sepsis a major global public health challenge. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28 Suppl 1:S1-S2
8. Bang AT, Bang RA, Reddy MH, Baitule SB, Deshmukh MD, Paul VK, de C Marshal TF. Simple clinical criteria to identify sepsis or pneumonia in neonates in the community needing treatment or referral. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005; 24:335-341
9. Pammi M, Flores A, Leeflang M, Versalovic J. Molecular assays in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e973
10. Pourcyrous M, Bada HS, Korones SB, Baselski V, Wong SP. Significance of serial C-reactive protein responses in neonatal infection and other disorders. Pediatrics. 1993;92:431-435
11. Benitz WE, Han MY, Madan A, Ramachandra P. Serial serum C-reactive protein levels in the diagnosis of neonatal infection. Pediatrics. 1998;102:E41
12. Carrol ED, Thomson AP, Hart CA. Procalcitonin as a marker of sepsis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;20:1-9
13. Resch B, Gusenleitner W, Muller WD. Procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in the diagnosis of early-onset sepsis of the neonate. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:243-245
14. Roman J, Fernandez F, Velasco F, Rojas R, Roldan MR, Torres A. Serum TNF levels in neonatal sepsis and septic shock. Acta Paediatr. 1993;82:352-354
15. Bilavsky E, Yarden-Bilavsky H, Ashkenazi S, Amir J. C-reactive protein as a marker of serious bacterial infections in hospitalized febrile infants. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98:1776-1780
16. Chiesa C, Pellegrini G, Panero A, Osborn JF, Signore F, Assumma M, Pacifico L. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and procalcitonin in the immediate postnatal period: influence of illness severity, risk status, antenatal and perinatal complications, and infection. Clin Chem. 2003;49:60-68
17. Døllner H, Vatten L, Austgulen R. Early diagnostic markers for neonatal sepsis: comparing C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors and soluble adhesion molecules. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:1251-1257
18. Garland SM, Bowman ED. Reappraisal of C-reactive protein as a screening tool for neonatal sepsis. Pathology. 2003;35:240-243
19. Kocabaş E, Sarikçioğlu A, Aksaray N, Seydaoğlu G, Seyhun Y, Yaman A. Role of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Turk J Pediatr. 2007;49:7-20
20. Hansen AB, Verder H, Staun-Olsen P. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule and C-reactive protein as early markers of infection in newborns. J Perinat Med. 2000;28:97-103
21. Palmer A, Carlin JB, Freihorst J, Gatchalian S, Muhe L, Mulholland K, Weber MW; WHO Young Infant Study Group. The use of CRP for diagnosing infections in young infants < 3 months of age in developing countries. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2004;24:205-212
22. Joram N, Boscher C, Denizot S, Loubersac V, Winer N, Roze JC, Gras-Le Guen C. Umbilical cord blood procalcitonin and C reactive protein concentrations as markers for early diagnosis of very early onset neonatal infection. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91:F65-66
23. Yoon BH, Romero R, Shim JY, Shim SS, Kim CJ, Jun JK. C-reactive protein in umbilical cord blood: a simple and widely available clinical method to assess the risk of amniotic fluid infection and funisitis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003;14:85-90
24. Mathers NJ, Pohlandt F. Diagnostic audit of C-reactive protein in neonatal sepsis. Clin Perinatol. 1991;18:361-381
25. Khassawneh M, Hayajneh WA, Kofahi H, Khader Y, Amarin Z, Daoud A. Diagnostic markers for neonatal sepsis: comparing C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and immunoglobulin M. Scand J Immunol. 2007;65:171-175
26. Laborada G, Rego M, Jain A, Guliano M, Stavola J, Ballabh P, Krauss AN, Auld PA, Nesin M. Diagnostic value of cytokines and C-reactive protein in the first 24 hours of neonatal sepsis. Am J Perinatol. 2003;20:491-501
27. Manucha V, Rusia U, Sikka M, Faridi MM, Madan N. Utility of haematological parameters and C-reactive protein in the detection of neonatal sepsis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002;38:459-64
28. Marcus N, Mor M, Amir L, Mimouni M, Waisman Y. The quick-read C-reactive protein test for the prediction of bacterial gastroenteritis in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007;23:634-637
29. Sakha K, Husseini MB, Seyyedsadri N. The role of the procalcitonin in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and correlation between procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in these patients. Pak J Biol Sci. 2008;15;11:1785-1790
30. Guibourdenche J, Bedu A, Petzold L, Marchand M, Mariani-Kurdjian P, Hurtaud-Roux MF, Aujard Y, Porquet D. Biochemical markers of neonatal sepsis: value of procalcitonin in the emergency setting. Ann Clin Biochem. 2002;39:130-135
31. Vazzalwar R, Pina-Rodrigues E, Puppala BL, Angst DB, Schweig L. Procalcitonin as a screening test for lateonset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2005;25:397-402
32. López Sastre JB, Pérez Solís D, Roqués Serradilla V, Fernández Colomer B, Coto Cotallo GD, Krauel Vidal X, et al; Grupo de Hospitales Castrillo. Procalcitonin is not sufficiently reliable to be the sole marker of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin. BMC Pediatr. 2006;6:16
33. Spada S, Cuccu A, Mussap M, Testa M, Puddu M, Pisu C, Burrai P, Fanos V. Reliability of procalcitonin in neonatology. Experience in 59 preterm newborns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22 Suppl 3:96-101
34. Ballot DE, Perovic O, Galpin J, Cooper PA. Serum procalcitonin as an early marker of neonatal sepsis. S Afr Med J. 2004;94:851-854
35. Turner D, Hammerman C, Rudensky B, Schlesinger Y, Schimmel MS. The role of procalcitonin as a predictor of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 2006;95:1571-1576
36. Isidor B, Caillaux G, Gilquin V, Loubersac V, Caillon J, Roze JC, Gras-le Guen C. The use of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of late-onset infection in neonatal intensive care unit patients. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39:1063-1066
37. Boo NY, Nor Azlina AA, Rohana J. Usefulness of a semi-quantitative procalcitonin test kit for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Singapore Med J. 2008;49:204-208
38. López Sastre JB, Solís DP, Serradilla VR, Colomer BF, Cotallo GD; Grupo de Hospitales Castrillo. Evaluation of procalcitonin for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis of vertical transmission. BMC Pediatr. 2007;7:9
39. Santuz P, Soffiati M, Dorizzi RM, Benedetti M, Zaglia F, Biban P. Procalcitonin for the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis: a multilevel probabilistic approach. Clin Biochem. 2008;41:1150-1155
40. Bender L, Thaarup J, Varming K, Krarup H, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Ebbesen F. Early and late markers for the detection of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Dan Med Bull. 2008;55:219-23
41. Verboon-Maciolek MA, Thijsen SF, Hemels MA, Menses M, van Loon AM, Krediet TG, Gerards LJ, Fleer A, Voorbij HA, Rijkers GT. Inflammatory mediators for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in early infancy. Pediatr Res. 2006;59:457-461
42. Nishimaki S, Sato M, An H, Shima Y, Akaike T, Yokoyama U, Yokota S. Comparison of markers for fetal inflammatory response syndrome: fetal blood interleukin-6 and neonatal urinary beta(2)-microglobulin. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009;35:472-476
43. Silveira RC, Procianoy RS. Evaluation of interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:647-650
44. Hatzidaki E, Gourgiotis D, Manoura A, Korakaki E, Bossios A, Galanakis E, Giannakopoulou C. Interleukin-6 in preterm premature rupture of membranes as an indicator of neonatal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84:632-638
45. Santana Reyes C, García-Muñoz F, Reyes D, González G, Dominguez C, Domenech E. Role of cytokines (interleukin-1beta, 6, 8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and soluble receptor of interleukin-2) and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:221-227
46. Magudumana MO, Ballot DE, Cooper PA, Trusler J, Cory BJ, Viljoen E, Carter AC. Serial interleukin 6 measurements in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. J Trop Pediatr. 2000;46:267-271
47. Kurt AN, Aygun AD, Godekmerdan A, Kurt A, Dogan Y, Yilmaz E. Serum IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha levels in early diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis. Mediators Inflamm. 2007;2007:31397
48. Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, Kim M, Oh SY, Kim CJ, Jun JK. The relationship among inflammatory lesions of the umbilical cord (funisitis), umbilical cord plasma interleukin 6 concentration, amniotic fluid infection, and neonatal sepsis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:1124-1129
49. Tasci Y, Dilbaz B, Uzmez Onal B, Caliskan E, Dilbaz S, Doganci L, Han U. The value of cord blood interleukin-6 levels for predicting chorioamnionitis, funisitis and neonatal infection in term premature rupture of membranes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006;128:34-39
50. Weeks JW, Reynolds L, Taylor D, Lewis J, Wan T, Gall SA. Umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 levels and neonatal morbidity. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;90:815-818
51. Kashlan F, Smulian J, Shen-Schwarz S, Anwar M, Hiatt M, Hegyi T. Umbilical vein interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha plasma concentrations in the very preterm infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:238-243
52. Krueger M, Nauck MS, Sang S, Hentschel R, Wieland H, Berner R. Cord blood levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 for the immediate diagnosis of early-onset infection in premature infants. Biol Neonate. 2001;80:118-123
53. Naccasha N, Hinson R, Montag A, Ismail M, Bentz L, Mittendorf R. Association between funisitis and elevated interleukin-6 in cord blood. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:220-224
54. Källman J, Ekholm L, Eriksson M, Malmström B, Schollin J. Contribution of interleukin-6 in distinguishing between mild respiratory disease and neonatal sepsis in the newborn infant. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:880-884
55. de Bont ES, Martens A, van Raan J, Samson G, Fetter WP, Okken A, de Leij LH, Kimpen JL. Diagnostic value of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in newborns with sepsis. Acta Paediatr. 1994;83:696-699
56. Doellner H, Arntzen KJ, Haereid PE, Aag S, Austgulen R. Interleukin-6 concentrations in neonates evaluated for sepsis. J Pediatr. 1998;132:295-299
57. Adib M, Ostadi V, Navaei F, Saheb Fosoul F, Oreizi F, Shokouhi R, Bakhshiani Z. Evaluation of CD11b expression on peripheral blood neutrophils for early detection of neonatal sepsis. Iran J Immunol. 2006;3:9-14
58. Layseca-Espinosa E, Pérez-González LF, Torres-Montes A, Baranda L, de la Fuente H, Rosenstein Y, González-Amaro R. Expression of CD64 as a potential marker of neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002;13:319-327
59. Ng PC, Li K, Wong RP, Chui KM, Wong E, Fok TF. Neutrophil CD64 expression: a sensitive diagnostic marker for late-onset nosocomial infection in very low birthweight infants. Pediatr Res. 2002;51:296-303
60. Ng PC, Li G, Chui KM, Chu WC, Li K, Wong RP, Chik KW, Wong E, Fok TF. Neutrophil CD64 is a sensitive diagnostic marker for early-onset neonatal infection. Pediatr Res. 2004;56:796-803
61. Zeitoun AA, Gad SS, Attia FM, Abu Maziad AS, Bell EF. Evaluation of neutrophilic CD64, interleukin 10 and procalcitonin as diagnostic markers of early-and late-onset neonatal sepsis. Scand J Inf Dis. 2010;42:299-305
62. Bhandari V, Wang C, Rinder C, Rinder H. Hematologic profile of sepsis in neonates: neutrophil CD64 as a diagnostic marker. Pediatrics. 2008;121:129-134
63. Franz AR, Steinbach G, Kron M, Pohlandt F. Interleukin-8: a valuable tool to restrict antibiotic therapy in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90:1025-1032
64. Franz AR, Kron M, Pohlandt F, Steinbach G. Comparison of procalcitonin with interleukin 8, C-reactive protein and differential white blood cell count for the early diagnosis of bacterial infections in newborn infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:666-671
65. Franz AR, Sieber S, Pohlandt F, Kron M, Steinbach G. Whole blood interleukin 8 and plasma interleukin 8 levels in newborn infants with suspected bacterial infection. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93:648-653
66. Franz AR, Bauer K, Schalk A, Garland SM, Bowman ED, Rex K, et al; International IL-8 Study Group. Measurement of interleukin 8 in combination with C-reactive protein reduced unnecessary antibiotic therapy in newborn infants: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1-8
67. Franz AR, Steinbach G, Kron M, Pohlandt F. Reduction of unnecessary antibiotic therapy in newborn infants using interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein as markers of bacterial infections. Pediatrics. 1999;104:447-453
68. Santana C, Guindeo MC, González G, García-Muñoz F, Saavedra P, Doménech E. Cord blood levels of cytokines as predictors of early neonatal sepsis. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90:1176-1181
69. Bentlin MR, de Souza Rugolo LM, Júnior AR, Hashimoto M, Lyra JC. Is urine interleukin-8 level a reliable laboratory test for diagnosing late onset sepsis in premature infants? J Trop Pediatr. 2007;53:403-408
70. Bonac B, Derganc M, Wraber B, Hojker S. Interleukin-8 and procalcitonin in early diagnosis of early severe bacterial infection in critically ill neonates. Pflugers Arch. 2000;440(5 Suppl):R72-74
71. Austgulen R, Arntzen KJ, Haereid PE, Aag S, Døllner H. Infections in neonates delivered at term are associated with increased serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86:274-280
72. Athhan F, Akagündüz B, Genel F, Bak M, Can D. Procalcitonin: a marker of neonatal sepsis. J Trop Pediatr. 2002;48:10-14
73. Delèvaux I, André M, Colombier M, Albuisson E, Meylheuc F, Bègue RJ, et al. Can procalcitonin measurement help in differentiating between bacterial infection and other kinds of inflammatory processes? Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:337-340
74. Ng PC, Li K, Wong R P O, Chui K, Wong E, Li G, Fok T F. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in preterm infants with systemic infections . Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003:88:209-213
75. Buck C, Bundschu J, Gallati H, Bartmann P, Pohlandt F. Interleukin-6: a sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection. Pediatrics. 1994;93:54-58
76. NgPC. Diagnostic markers of infection in neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89:F229-F235
77. Ng PC, Cheng SH, Chui KM, Fok TF, Wong MY, Wong W, Wong RP, Cheung KL. Diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis with cytokines, adhesion molecule, and C-reactive protein in preterm very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77:F221-F227