The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm uterine contractility but without cervical change: Do the diagnostic criteria for preterm labor need to be changed?

Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1212-1221

  Kim, Sun Min ^a   Romero, Roberto ^b   Lee, JoonHo ^a   Lee, Seung Mi ^a   Park, Chan Wook ^a   Park, Joong Shin ^a   Yoon, Bo Hyun ^a  

^a Seoul National University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

Funisitis; histologic chorioamnionitis; microorganisms; MMP 8; prematurity; preterm birth; preterm delivery; preterm parturition

Indexed keywords

NEUTROPHIL COLLAGENASE;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ADULT; AMNIOCENTESIS; AMNION FLUID; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; FEMALE; FEMALE GENITAL TRACT INFLAMMATION; FUNISITIS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INTRA AMNIOTIC INFLAMMATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS; NEWBORN DEATH; NONHUMAN; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STREPTOCOCCUS ANGINOSUS; UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM; UTERUS CONTRACTILITY;

ADULT; AMNIOTIC FLUID; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CERVIX UTERI; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; REPUBLIC OF KOREA; RISK FACTORS; UTERINE CONTRACTION; UTERINE DISEASES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84863858627     PISSN: 14767058     EISSN: 14764954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.629256     Document Type: Article

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113. Romero R, Emamian M, Quintero R, Wan M, Hobbins JC, Mazor M, Edberg S. The value and limitations of the Gram stain examination in the diagnosis of intraamniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;159:114-119.
114. Skoll MA, Moretti ML, Sibai BM. The incidence of positive amniotic fluid cultures in patients preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:813-816. (Pubitemid 19252812)
115. Romero R, Shamma F, Avila C, Jimenez C, Callahan R, Nores J, Mazor M, et al. Infection and labor. VI. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in twin gestations with preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:757-761. (Pubitemid 20328727)
116. Romero R, Jimenez C, Lohda AK, Nores J, Hanaoka S, Avila C, Callahan R, et al. Amniotic fluid glucose concentration: A rapid and simple method for the detection of intraamniotic infection in preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:968-974. (Pubitemid 20328770)
117. Gauthier DW, Meyer WJ, Bieniarz A. Correlation of amniotic fluid glucose concentration and intraamniotic infection in patients with preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:1105-1110.
118. Romero R, Quintero R, Nores J, Avila C, Mazor M, Hanaoka S, Hagay Z, et al. Amniotic fluid white blood cell count: A rapid and simple test to diagnose microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and predict preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:821-830.
119. Romero R, Mazor M, Morrotti R, Avila C, Oyarzun E, Insunza A, Parra M, et al. Infection and labor. VII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in spontaneous rupture of membranes at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:129-133.
120. Romero R, Gonzalez R, Sepulveda W, Brandt F, Ramirez M, Sorokin Y, Mazor M, et al. Infection and labor. VIII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients with suspected cervical incompetence: Prevalence and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1086-1091.
121. Coultrip LL, Grossman JH. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests in the detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1231-1242.
122. Gauthier DW, Meyer WJ. Comparison of gram stain, leukocyte esterase activity, and amniotic fluid glucose concentration in predicting amniotic fluid culture results in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1092-1095.
123. Gibbs RS, Romero R, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA, Sweet RL. A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:1515-1528.
124. Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA. The association of occult amniotic fluid infection with gestational age and neonatal outcome among women in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:351-357.
125. Romero R, Nores J, Mazor M, Sepulveda W, Oyarzun E, Parra M, Insunza A, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity during term labor. Prevalence and clinical significance. J Reprod Med 1993;38:543-548. (Pubitemid 23216035)
126. Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, Wener MH, Kiviat NB, Eschenbach DA. Characteristics of women in preterm labor associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:509-514. (Pubitemid 23278248)
127. Font GE, Gauthier DW, Meyer WJ, Myles TD, Janda W, Bieniarz A. Catalase activity as a predictor of amniotic fluid culture results in preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:656-658.
128. Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Romero R, Muñoz H, Tolosa JE, Rojas I. Premature labor and intra-amniotic infection. Clinical aspects and role of the cytokines in diagnosis and pathophysiology. Clin Perinatol 1995;22:281-342.
129. Carroll SG, Papaioannou S, Ntumazah IL, Philpott-Howard J, Nicolaides KH. Lower genital tract swabs in the prediction of intrauterine infection in preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103:54-59. (Pubitemid 26009924)
130. Yoon BH, Jun JK, Park KH, Syn HC, Gomez R, Romero R. Serum C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and amniotic fluid white blood cell count in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:1034-1040. (Pubitemid 26394307)
131. Yoon BH, Yang SH, Jun JK, Park KH, Kim CJ, Romero R. Maternal blood C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and temperature in preterm labor: A comparison with amniotic fluid white blood cell count. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:231-237. (Pubitemid 26033138)
132. Hussey MJ, Levy ES, Pombar X, Meyer P, Strassner HT. Evaluating rapid diagnostic tests of intra-amniotic infection: Gram stain, amniotic fluid glucose level, and amniotic fluid to serum glucose level ratio. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:650-656. (Pubitemid 28447241)
133. Romero R, Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Yoon BH, Mazor M, Edwin SS, Berry SM. A fetal systemic inflammatory response is followed by the spontaneous onset of preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:186-193. (Pubitemid 28394494)
134. Elimian A, Figueroa R, Canterino J, Verma U, Aguero-Rosenfeld M, Tejani N. Amniotic fluid complement C3 as a marker of intra-amniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:72-76. (Pubitemid 28285324)
135. Greci LS, Gilson GJ, Nevils B, Izquierdo LA, Qualls CR, Curet LB. Is amniotic fluid analysis the key to preterm labor? A model using interleukin-6 for predicting rapid delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:172-178. (Pubitemid 28394492)
136. Kara M, Ozden S, Arioglu P, Cetin A. The significance of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels in preterm labour. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;38:403-406. (Pubitemid 28542422)
137. Gomez R, Romero R, Ghezzi F, Yoon BH, Mazor M, Berry SM. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:194-202. (Pubitemid 28394495)
138. Oyarzún E, Yamamoto M, Kato S, Gómez R, Lizama L, Moenne A. Specific detection of 16 micro-organisms in amniotic fluid by polymerase chain reaction and its correlation with preterm delivery occurrence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1115-1119. (Pubitemid 28533755)
139. Rizzo G, Capponi A, Vlachopoulou A, Angelini E, Grassi C, Romanini C. Ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and interleukin-8 concentrations in cervical secretions predict intrauterine infection in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;12:86-92. (Pubitemid 28432875)
140. González-Bosquet E, Cerqueira MJ, Dominguez C, Gasser I, Bermejo B, Cabero L. Amniotic fluid glucose and cytokines values in the early diagnosis of amniotic infection in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Med 1999;8:155-158. (Pubitemid 29297278)
141. Blackwell SC, Berry SM. Role of amniocentesis for the diagnosis of subclinical intra-amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1999;11:541-547. (Pubitemid 30039268)
142. Locksmith GJ, Clark P, Duff P, Schultz GS. Amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in women with preterm labor and suspected intra-amniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:1-6. (Pubitemid 29284416)
143. Yoon BH, Romero R, Kim M, Kim EC, Kim T, Park JS, Jun JK. Clinical implications of detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the amniotic cavity with the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1130-1137.
144. Jacobsson B, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Andersch B, Bokström H, Holst RM, Nikolaitchouk N, Wennerholm UB, Hagberg H. Microbial invasion and cytokine response in amniotic fluid in a Swedish population of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:423-431. (Pubitemid 36629849)
145. Holst RM, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Wennerholm UB, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical fluid in a population of Swedish women in preterm labor: Relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005;84:551-557. (Pubitemid 40756428)
146. Gomez R, Romero R, Nien JK, Chaiworapongsa T, Medina L, Kim YM, Yoon BH, et al. A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: A risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:678-689. (Pubitemid 40311256)
147. Figueroa R, Garry D, Elimian A, Patel K, Sehgal PB, Tejani N. Evaluation of amniotic fluid cytokines in preterm labor and intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005;18:241-247. (Pubitemid 41770126)
148. Gomez R, Romero R, Nien JK, Medina L, Carstens M, Kim YM, Espinoza J, et al. Antibiotic administration to patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes does not eradicate intra-amniotic infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2007;20:167-173. (Pubitemid 47221637)
149. Lee SE, Romero R, Jung H, Park CW, Park JS, Yoon BH. The intensity of the fetal inflammatory response in intraamniotic inflammation with and without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:294.e1-294.e6.
150. Lee SE, Romero R, Park CW, Jun JK, Yoon BH. The frequency and significance of intraamniotic inflammation in patients with cervical insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:633.e1-633.e8.
151. Park CW, Moon KC, Park JS, Jun JK, Yoon BH. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-uterine infection and inflammation in patients with placenta previa and preterm labor and intact membranes. Placenta 2009;30:613-618.
152. Di Renzo GC. The great obstetrical syndromes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:633-635.
153. DiGiulio DB, Gervasi M, Romero R, Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Seok KS, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preeclampsia as assessed by cultivation and sequence-based methods. J Perinat Med 2010;38:503-513.
154. DiGiulio DB, Gervasi MT, Romero R, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Kusanovic JP, Seok KS, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age fetuses. J Perinat Med 2010;38:495-502.
155. Madan I, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Mittal P, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Mazaki-Tovi S, et al. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation in women with placenta previa and vaginal bleeding: An unexpected observation. J Perinat Med 2010;38:275-279.
156. Lee SE, Romero R, Lee SM, Yoon BH. Amniotic fluid volume in intraamniotic inflammation with and without culture-proven amniotic fluid infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Perinat Med 2010;38:39-44.
157. Erez O, Romero R, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Mazaki-Tovi S, Chaiworapongsa T, Gotsch F, et al. High tissue factor activity and low tissue factor pathway inhibitor concentrations in patients with preterm labor. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23:23-33.
158. Kim BJ, Romero R, Mi Lee S, Park CW, Shin Park J, Jun JK, Yoon BH. Clinical significance of oligohydramnios in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Perinat Med 2011;39:131-136.
159. Ranjard L, Poly F, Nazaret S. Monitoring complex bacterial communities using culture-independent molecular techniques: Application to soil environment. Res Microbiol 2000;151:167-177. (Pubitemid 30353405)
160. Relman DA. The search for unrecognized pathogens. Science 1999;284:1308-1310. (Pubitemid 29289648)
161. Romero R, Espinoza J, Gonçalves LF, Kusanovic JP, Friel L, Hassan S. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Semin Reprod Med 2007;25:21-39. (Pubitemid 46147842)
162. Vrachnis N, Vitoratos N, Iliodromiti Z, Sifakis S, Deligeoroglou E, Creatsas G. Intrauterine inflammation and preterm delivery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010;1205:118-122.
163. Tsekoura EA, Konstantinidou A, Papadopoulou S, Athanasiou S, Spanakis N, Kafetzis D, Antsaklis A, Tsakris A. Adenovirus genome in the placenta: association with histological chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. J Med Virol 2010;82:1379-1383.
164. Genazzani AR, Petraglia F, Facchinetti F, Galli PA, Volpe A. Lack of β-endorphin plasma level rise in oxytocin-induced labor. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1985;19:130-134. (Pubitemid 15052606)
165. Romero R, Mazor M, Munoz H, Gomez R, Galasso M, Sherer DM. The preterm labor syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;734:414-429.
166. Maner WL, Garfield RE. Identification of human term and preterm labor using artificial neural networks on uterine electromyography data. Ann Biomed Eng 2007;35:465-473. (Pubitemid 46325733)
167. Shi SQ, Maner WL, Mackay LB, Garfield RE. Identification of term and preterm labor in rats using artificial neural networks on uterine electromyography signals. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:235.e1-235. e4.
168. Lucovnik M, Maner WL, Chambliss LR, Blumrick R, Balducci J, Novak-Antolic Z, Garfield RE. Noninvasive uterine electromyography for prediction of preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:228. e1-228.10.
169. Hassan SS, Romero R, Berry SM, Dang K, Blackwell SC, Treadwell MC, Wolfe HM. Patients with an ultrasonographic cervical length < or = 15 mm have nearly a 50% risk of early spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1458-1467. (Pubitemid 30437417)
170. Athayde N, Romero R, Gomez R, Maymon E, Pacora P, Mazor M, Yoon BH, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases-9 in preterm and term human parturition. J Matern Fetal Med 1999;8:213-219. (Pubitemid 29383351)
171. Yoon BH, Romero R, Moon JB, Oh SY, Han SY, Kim JC, Shim SS. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with a positive cervical fetal fibronectin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1137-1142. (Pubitemid 33097377)
172. Gomez R, Romero R, Medina L, Nien JK, Chaiworapongsa T, Carstens M, González R, et al. Cervicovaginal fibronectin improves the prediction of preterm delivery based on sonographic cervical length in patients with preterm uterine contractions and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:350-359. (Pubitemid 40214965)
173. Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Gotsch F, Erez O, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Moser A, et al. Isobaric labeling and tandem mass spectrometry: A novel approach for profiling and quantifying proteins differentially expressed in amniotic fluid in preterm labor with and without intraamniotic infection/inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23:261-280.
174. Iams JD, Johnson FF, Sonek J, Sachs L, Gebauer C, Samuels P. Cervical competence as a continuum: A study of ultrasonographic cervical length and obstetric performance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:1097-103; discussion 1104.
175. Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, van Geijn HP. Cervical incompetence: A reappraisal of an obstetric controversy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2002;57:377-387. (Pubitemid 34734371)
176. Kelly T. The pathophysiology of premature rupture of the membranes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1995;7:140-145.
177. Menon R, Fortunato SJ. Fetal membrane inflammatory cytokines: A switching mechanism between the preterm premature rupture of the membranes and preterm labor pathways. J Perinat Med 2004;32:391-399. (Pubitemid 39304406)
178. Guinn DA, Goepfert AR, Owen J, Wenstrom KD, Hauth JC. Terbutaline pump maintenance therapy for prevention of preterm delivery: a double-blind trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:874-878. (Pubitemid 28489272)
179. Kim CJ, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Yoo W, Dong Z, Topping V, Gotsch F, et al. The frequency, clinical significance, and pathological features of chronic chorioamnionitis: a lesion associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Mod Pathol 2010;23:1000-1011.
180. Lee J, Romero R, Xu Y, Kim JS, Topping V, Yoo W, Kusanovic JP, et al. A signature of maternal anti-fetal rejection in spontaneous preterm birth: chronic chorioamnionitis, anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, and C4d. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e16806.
181. Romero R, Espinoza J, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Friel LA, Erez O, Mazaki-Tovi S, et al. The use of high-dimensional biology (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to understand the preterm parturition syndrome. BJOG 2006;113 Suppl 3:118-135. (Pubitemid 44934682)
182. Andrews WW, Hauth JC, Goldenberg RL, Gomez R, Romero R, Cassell GH. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:606-612.
183. Romero R, Gomez R, Araneda H. Cervical mucus inhibits microbial growth: a host defense mechanism to prevent ascending infection in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:A57.
184. Eggert-Kruse W, Botz I, Pohl S, Rohr G, Strowitzki T. Antimicrobial activity of human cervical mucus. Hum Reprod 2000;15:778-784. (Pubitemid 30192722)
185. Hein M, Helmig RB, Schønheyder HC, Ganz T, Uldbjerg N. An in vitro study of antibacterial properties of the cervical mucus plug in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:586-592. (Pubitemid 32862543)
186. Hein M, Valore EV, Helmig RB, Uldbjerg N, Ganz T. Antimicrobial factors in the cervical mucus plug. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:137-144. (Pubitemid 34800312)
187. Zervomanolakis I, Ott HW, Hadziomerovic D, Mattle V, Seeber BE, Virgolini I, Heute D, et al. Physiology of upward transport in the human female genital tract. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1101:1-20. (Pubitemid 47092719)